CN111353218B - Logging quantitative evaluation method for coal bed gas-dense gas reservoir compaction property - Google Patents
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Abstract
A logging quantitative evaluation method for coalbed methane-dense gas reservoir compaction property comprises the following steps: calculating the brittleness index difference between the sand layer and the coal bed; step two: calculating the minimum horizontal ground stress difference between the sand layer and the coal bed; step three: calculating the tensile strength difference between the sandstone and the coal rock; step four: calculating the Young modulus difference of the sandstone and the coal rock; and finally, evaluating the compressibility of the coal bed gas-dense gas reservoir by using the four evaluation indexes according to the brittleness index difference between the sand layer and the coal bed, the minimum horizontal main stress difference between the sandstone and the coal rock, the tensile strength difference between the sandstone and the coal rock and the Young modulus difference between the sand layer and the coal bed, so that the logging technical support is preferably provided for the fracturing layer of the coal bed gas-dense gas reservoir while the quantitative evaluation precision of the compressibility logging of the coal bed gas-dense gas reservoir is improved, and the method has the characteristics of simplicity and practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of logging evaluation, in particular to a logging quantitative evaluation method for coalbed methane-dense gas reservoir joint pressure.
Background
Production increasing measures such as fracturing are often adopted in the coal bed gas-dense gas combined development process, and the coal bed gas-dense gas reservoir joint pressure evaluation becomes an important work for formulating a fracturing scheme. The geophysical logging information implies a plurality of information such as coal bed gas-dense gas reservoir mechanics, crustal stress, pressure and the like, and accordingly the logging information can be used for evaluating the synthetic pressure of the coal bed gas-dense gas reservoir.
The existing logging evaluation method for reservoir compressibility generally uses brittleness index and fracture pressure value to divide compressibility. However, the coal bed gas-tight gas reservoir and the tight gas reservoir have large differences in brittleness index, young modulus, tensile strength and the like, and the ground stress between the coal bed gas-tight gas reservoir has a large influence on fracturing. Secondly, how to evaluate compressibility of the coal bed gas-dense gas reservoir as a system is not reported. In the existing compressibility evaluation method, a method for quantitatively evaluating the compressibility of the coal bed gas-dense gas reservoir by using logging information is not available, which brings inconvenience to the optimization of a fracturing horizon in the coal bed gas-dense gas combined development process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a logging quantitative evaluation method for the coal bed gas-tight gas reservoir compressibility, which utilizes logging information to determine the brittleness index difference of sandstone and coal rock, the minimum level main stress difference of sandstone and coal rock, the tensile strength difference of sandstone and coal rock, and the Young modulus difference of a sand layer and a coal bed, evaluates the compressibility of the coal bed gas-tight gas reservoir by using the four evaluation indexes, improves the logging quantitative evaluation precision of the compressibility of the coal bed gas-tight gas reservoir, and preferably provides logging technical support for the fracturing layer of the coal bed gas-tight gas reservoir at the same time.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a logging quantitative evaluation method for coal bed methane-tight gas reservoir compaction property comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: calculating the brittleness index difference between the sand layer and the coal layer
Determining brittleness index difference of sand layer and coal bed by adopting formula (1)
ΔI B =I BS -I BC (I)
In the formula: delta I B The brittleness index difference value of the sand layer and the coal layer is percent; i is BS 、I BC Respectively representing brittleness indexes of a sand layer and a coal layer in percent;
wherein:
in the formula: i is BE 、I Bμ Brittleness index,%, calculated by Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio method; i is B Is the brittleness index,%, of the coal bed; E. e max 、E min Young's modulus, maximum Young's modulus and minimum Young's modulus ratio of coal seam, 10 4 MPa;μ、μ max 、μ min The Poisson ratio, the maximum Poisson ratio and the minimum Poisson ratio of the coal seam are respectively, and the method is dimensionless; rho b Is volume density, g/cm 3 ;Δt、Δt s Respectively the longitudinal wave time difference and the transverse wave time difference of the coal bed, mu s/ft;
step two: calculating the minimum horizontal stress difference between the sand layer and the coal bed
By utilizing logging information, on the basis of determining the ground stress of the coal bed and the sandstone, determining the minimum horizontal main stress difference between the coal bed and the top and bottom plates thereof by adopting a formula (2):
Δσ=σ s -σ c (2)
in the formula: delta sigma is the minimum horizontal main stress difference between the sand layer and the coal bed, MPa; sigma s The minimum horizontal main stress of the coal seam top and bottom plate is MPa; sigma c Is the minimum horizontal principal stress of the coal seam, MPa;
wherein
In the formula: sigma v Is vertical ground stress, MPa; alpha is a Biot coefficient and is dimensionless; p is p Is the formation pore pressure, MPa; beta is a 1 The structural stress coefficient in the direction of the minimum horizontal ground stress is dimensionless; rho o The average density value of the stratum without the logging density depth section is g/cm 3 ;H o Starting depth of density logging, m; h is the depth of the calculation point, m; Δ t ma The acoustic time difference of the coal-rock framework is mu s/ft; A. b is a regional coefficient and is dimensionless; the physical meaning of other parameters is the same as above;
step three: calculating the tensile strength difference between sandstone and coal rock
On the basis of utilizing logging information argillaceous content and young modulus, calculate the tensile strength of sand bed and coal seam, and then confirm that the tensile strength of sand bed and coal seam is poor:
ΔC=C s -C c (3)
delta C is the tensile strength difference between the sand layer and the coal bed, and is MPa; c s 、C c The tensile strength of the sand layer and the coal layer is respectively MPa;
wherein:
C s or C c =0.0045E(1-V sh )+0.008E·V sh
In the formula: e is the Young's modulus of the formation, 10 4 MPa;V sh Is the shale content of the formation,%;
step four: calculating the Young modulus difference of sandstone and coal rock
And calculating the Young modulus of the sand layer and the coal bed by using the logging data, and further determining the Young modulus difference of the sand layer and the coal bed:
ΔE=E s -E c (4)
in the formula: delta E is the Young's modulus difference between the sand layer and the coal bed, 10 4 MPa;E s 、E c Young's modulus of sand layer and coal layer, 10 4 Mpa;
Step five: evaluation of synthetic compressibility of sandstone and coal rock
According to the results of the steps, the evaluation grading standard of the coal bed gas-dense gas storage layer compressibility shown in the table 1 is obtained:
TABLE 1 evaluation grade division table for coal bed gas-tight gas reservoir consolidation pressure
As can be seen from table 1, the evaluation of the joint pressure of the coalbed methane-tight gas reservoir is divided into three categories: the I type shows that the joint pressure property is good in evaluation and strong; class II indicates that the alloy has a certain bonding property in the middle of bonding property evaluation; class iii indicates poor evaluation of the crush resistance and difficulty in successful fracturing.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for quantitatively evaluating the coalbed methane-dense gas reservoir joint pressure logging can effectively utilize logging information to evaluate the coalbed methane-dense gas reservoir joint pressure, organically combines four evaluation indexes such as the brittleness index difference of sandstone and coal rock, the minimum level main stress difference of sandstone and coal rock, the tensile strength difference of sandstone and coal rock, the Young modulus difference of sand layer and coal layer, and the like together, improves the coalbed methane-dense gas reservoir joint pressure logging quantitative evaluation precision, provides powerful logging technical support for the optimal selection of a fracturing layer, opens up a new way for evaluating the coalbed methane-dense gas reservoir joint pressure by utilizing the logging information, has the characteristics of simplicity and practicality, and has good popularization and application values.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a logging quantitative evaluation method of coalbed methane-tight gas reservoir consolidation pressure in the invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the well-logging quantitative evaluation result of the coalbed methane-tight gas reservoir consolidation pressure of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Referring to fig. 1, a logging quantitative evaluation method for coalbed methane-tight gas reservoir consolidation pressure comprises the following steps:
a logging quantitative evaluation method for coalbed methane-dense gas reservoir compaction property comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: calculating the brittleness index difference between the sand layer and the coal layer
The sand layer and the coal layer have different brittleness, and the brittleness of the sand layer is generally higher; if the brittleness index difference is large, the sand layer can be successfully fractured, and the coal layer is difficult to form a fracture;
determining the brittleness index difference of the sand layer and the coal bed by adopting a formula (1):
ΔI B =I BS -I BC (I)
in the formula: delta I B The brittleness index difference value of the sand layer and the coal layer is percent; i is BS 、I BC Respectively representing brittleness indexes of a sand layer and a coal layer in percent;
wherein
In the formula: i is BE 、I Bμ Respectively, the brittleness index,%, calculated by the Young modulus and Poisson's ratio method; i is B Is the brittleness index,%, of the coal bed; E. e max 、E min Young's modulus, maximum Young's modulus and minimum Young's modulus ratio of coal seam, 10 4 MPa;μ、μ max 、μ min The coal seam Poisson ratio, the maximum Poisson ratio and the minimum Poisson ratio are respectively dimensionless; ρ is a unit of a gradient b Is volume density, g/cm 3 ;Δt、Δt s Respectively the longitudinal wave time difference and the transverse wave time difference of the coal bed, mu s/ft.
Step two: calculating the minimum horizontal stress difference between the sand layer and the coal bed
The horizontal main stress of the sand layer is generally larger than that of the coal layer, and the horizontal main stress generated by the construction action is larger in the sand layer, so that the minimum horizontal earth stress difference between the sand layer and the coal layer is larger; when the minimum horizontal stress difference between the sand layer and the coal bed is increased, the seam height is gradually reduced, the crack is completely limited in the coal bed, the seam length in the coal bed is steadily increased, and the ground stress of the high sand layer can block the crack from expanding to the sand layer.
By utilizing logging information, on the basis of determining the ground stress of the coal bed and the sandstone, determining the minimum horizontal main stress difference between the coal bed and the top and bottom plates thereof by adopting a formula (2):
Δσ=σ 5 -σ c (2)
in the formula: delta sigma is the minimum horizontal main stress difference between the sand layer and the coal bed, MPa; sigma s The minimum horizontal main stress of the coal seam top and bottom plate is MPa; sigma c Is the minimum horizontal principal stress of the coal seam, MPa;
wherein
In the formula: sigma v Is vertical ground stress, MPa; alpha is a Biot coefficient and is dimensionless; p p Is the formation pore pressure, MPa; beta is a 1 The structural stress coefficient in the direction of the minimum horizontal ground stress is dimensionless; ρ is a unit of a gradient o The average density value of the stratum without the logging density depth section is g/cm 3 ;H o Starting depth of density log, m; h is the depth of the calculation point, m; Δ t ma The acoustic time difference of the coal-rock framework is mu s/ft; A. b is a regional coefficient and is dimensionless; the other parameters have the same physical meaning as above.
Step three: calculating the tensile strength difference between sandstone and coal rock
Along with the increase of the tensile strength of the sand layer, the seam height is reduced, and the seam length and the seam width are gradually increased; the sand layer with low tensile strength can lead the crack to rapidly expand in the high direction of the crack; the larger the tensile strength is, the larger the expansion resistance in the seam length direction is, and the pressure in the seam is easy to accumulate, so that the layer penetrating phenomenon occurs in the seam height direction.
On the basis of utilizing logging information argillaceous content and young modulus, calculate the tensile strength of sand bed and coal seam, and then confirm that the tensile strength of sand bed and coal seam is poor:
ΔC=C s -C c (3)
wherein:
C s or C c =0.0045E(1-V sh )+0.008E·V sh
In the formula: delta C is the tensile strength difference between the sand layer and the coal bed, and is MPa; c s 、C c The tensile strength of the sand layer and the coal layer is respectively MPa; e is the Young's modulus of the formation, 10 4 MPa;V sh Is the shale content of the formation,%.
Step four: calculating the Young modulus difference of sandstone and coal rock
With the increase of the elastic modulus of the sand layer, the section of the crack in the height direction becomes increasingly thin and high, the crack width is gradually reduced, the crack height is increased, and the crack length direction has a very obvious reduction trend; the sandstone layer with large elastic modulus limits the increase of the seam width, and the smaller the pressure of the fracture tip in the seam length direction is, the more difficult the expansion in the seam length direction is.
And calculating the Young modulus of the sand layer and the coal bed by using the logging data, and further determining the Young modulus difference of the sand layer and the coal bed:
ΔE=E s -E C (4)
in the formula: delta E is the Young's modulus difference between the sand layer and the coal bed, 10 4 MPa;E s 、E c Young's modulus of sand and coal bed, 10 4 MPa。
Step five: evaluation of synthetic compressibility of sandstone and coal rock
According to the results of the steps, on the basis of actual production verification, the evaluation grade division standard of the coal bed gas-dense gas storage layer pressure property shown in the table 1 is obtained:
TABLE 1 evaluation grade division table for coal bed gas-tight gas reservoir consolidation pressure
As can be seen from table 1, the evaluation of the joint pressure of the coalbed methane-tight gas reservoir is divided into three categories: the I type shows that the joint pressure property is good in evaluation and strong; class II indicates that the alloy has moderate joint pressure property in the evaluation of joint pressure property; class iii indicates poor evaluation of the crush resistance and difficulty in successful fracturing.
And based on the logging calculation model for evaluating the joint pressure of each evaluation index of the coal bed gas-dense gas reservoir, logging processing explanation is carried out on the joint pressure of the coal bed gas-dense gas reservoir of each well in the research area on the basis of compiling a processing explanation program.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the well-logging quantitative evaluation result of the X-well coalbed methane-tight gas reservoir consolidation pressure. The well compact gas reservoir section 1073.5-1079m, the thickness is 5.5m; the coal bed gas reservoir section 1082.2-1085.3, the thickness is 3.1m. The brittleness index difference of the coal bed gas-dense gas reservoir is 28, the minimum horizontal main stress difference is 0.5MPa, the sand tensile strength difference is 3.4MPa, the Young modulus difference is 5.2GPa, and the comprehensive evaluation of the pressure property of the coal bed gas-dense gas reservoir is I type, which shows that the joint pressure property is strong. The coal bed gas-dense gas reservoir is subjected to combined fracturing, and microseism monitoring results after fracturing show that complex fracturing cracks with radial length and longitudinal width are formed in the coal bed gas-dense gas reservoir, and the daily gas production after fracturing construction is 1.3 ten thousand square. The results fully show that the joint pressure evaluation of the research and evaluation is consistent with the actual fracturing monitoring and drainage and production, and further show that whether the precision of the quantitative evaluation of the joint pressure logging plays a key role in optimizing the coal bed methane fracturing layer section. The method fully excavates the coalbed methane-dense gas reservoir combined pressure information stored in the logging information, and the evaluation can meet the requirement of optimizing the fracturing layer position of the coalbed methane-dense gas reservoir.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that, because coalbed methane logging is relatively severely influenced by environmental factors, in order to ensure the effective feasibility of the method, it is necessary to ensure that the environmental influence correction effect of logging data is relatively good, the calculation of four evaluation indexes, namely, the brittleness index difference between sandstone and coal rock, the minimum level principal stress difference between sandstone and coal rock, the tensile strength difference between sandstone and coal rock, and the young modulus difference between sand layer and coal layer, is relatively accurate, and the quantitative evaluation result of coalbed methane-dense gas reservoir compressional logging has relatively high precision.
Claims (4)
1. A logging quantitative evaluation method for coalbed methane-dense gas reservoir compaction property is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: calculating the brittleness index difference between the sand layer and the coal layer
Determining the brittleness index difference of the sand layer and the coal bed by adopting a formula (1):
ΔI B =I BS -I BC (1)
in the formula: delta I B The brittleness index difference value of the sand layer and the coal layer is percent; i is BS 、I BC Respectively representing brittleness indexes of a sand layer and a coal layer in percent;
step two: calculating the minimum horizontal stress difference between the sand layer and the coal bed
By utilizing logging information, on the basis of determining the ground stress of the coal bed and the sandstone, determining the minimum horizontal main stress difference between the coal bed and the top and bottom plates thereof by adopting a formula (2):
Δσ=σ s -σ c (2)
in the formula: delta sigma is the minimum horizontal main stress difference between the sand layer and the coal bed, MPa; sigma s The minimum horizontal main stress of the coal seam top and bottom plate is MPa; sigma c Is the minimum horizontal principal stress of the coal seam, MPa;
step three: calculating the tensile strength difference between sandstone and coal rock
On the basis of utilizing logging information argillaceous content and young modulus, calculate the tensile strength of sand bed and coal seam, and then confirm that the tensile strength of sand bed and coal seam is poor:
ΔC=C s -C c (3)
in the formula: delta C is the tensile strength difference between the sand layer and the coal bed, and is MPa; c s 、C c The tensile strength of the sand layer and the coal layer is respectively MPa;
step four: calculating the Young modulus difference of sandstone and coal rock
And calculating the Young modulus of the sand layer and the coal bed by using the logging data, and further determining the Young modulus difference of the sand layer and the coal bed:
ΔE=E s -E c (4)
in the formula: delta E is the Young's modulus difference between the sand layer and the coal bed, 10 4 MPa;E s 、E c Young's modulus of sand layer and coal layer, 10 4 MPa;
Step five: evaluation of synthetic compressibility of sandstone and coal rock
According to the results of the steps, the evaluation grading standard of the coal bed gas-dense gas storage layer pressure property shown in the table 1 is obtained:
TABLE 1 evaluation grade division table for coal bed gas-tight gas reservoir consolidation pressure
As can be seen from table 1, the evaluation of the joint pressure of the coalbed methane-tight gas reservoir is divided into three categories: class I shows that the joint pressure property is good in evaluation and strong in joint pressure property; class II indicates that the alloy has a constant contact pressure property in the middle of evaluation of contact pressure property; class iii indicates poor crush evaluation and difficulty in successful fracturing.
2. The method for logging and quantitatively evaluating the coalbed methane-dense gas reservoir consolidation pressure of claim 1,
in the first step of the method,
in the formula: I.C. A BE 、I Bμ Respectively, the brittleness index,%, calculated by the Young modulus and Poisson's ratio method; i is B Is the brittleness index,%, of the coal bed; E. e max 、E min Young's modulus, maximum Young's modulus and minimum Young's modulus ratio of coal bed, 10 4 MPa;μ、μ max 、μ min The Poisson ratio, the maximum Poisson ratio and the minimum Poisson ratio of the coal seam are respectively, and the method is dimensionless; rho b Is volume density, g/cm 3 ;Δt、Δt s Respectively the longitudinal wave time difference and the transverse wave time difference of the coal bed, mu s/ft.
3. The method for logging and quantitatively evaluating the coalbed methane-dense gas reservoir consolidation pressure of claim 1,
in the second step, the first step is carried out,
In the formula: sigma v Is vertical ground stress, MPa; mu, is the Poisson's ratio of the coal seam; alpha is a Biot coefficient and is dimensionless; p p Is the formation pore pressure, MPa; beta is a beta 1 The structural stress coefficient in the direction of the minimum horizontal ground stress is dimensionless; rho o The average density value of the stratum without the logging density depth section is g/cm 3 ;H o Starting depth of density log, m; h is the depth of the calculation point, m; Δ t ma The acoustic time difference of the coal-rock framework is mu s/ft; A. b is a regional coefficient and is dimensionless.
4. The method for logging and quantitatively evaluating the coalbed methane-dense gas reservoir consolidation pressure of claim 1,
in the third step, the first step is that,
C s or C c =0.0045E(1-V sh )+0.008E·V sh
E is the Young's modulus of the formation, 10 4 MPa;V sh Is the shale content of the stratum (%).
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