CN111351775A - True random number generation method and device based on room temperature single photon source - Google Patents
True random number generation method and device based on room temperature single photon source Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a device for generating a true random number based on a room temperature single photon source. Compared with the conventional true random number generator which utilizes attenuated laser pulses as a quantum light source, the true random number generation method and the device adopt a high-brightness anti-bunching single photon source which is based on the color center of the sample and can work at room temperature, and simultaneously give consideration to high photon counting rate and good single photon characteristics, thereby ensuring the rate and quality of generating random numbers. The method and the device for generating the true random number designed by the method have the characteristics of simple physical model and high randomness and the potential of on-chip integration, and can be widely applied to the fields of simulation, lottery, cryptography, information security and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of quantum information, and particularly relates to a true random number generation method and device based on a room temperature single photon source.
Background
The random number is used as a basic resource in scientific research and engineering, and has important application significance in simulation and cryptography. In quantum mechanics, the intrinsic randomness of a physical system can be used as an entropy source with true randomness. In the true random number generator scheme, firstly, the state of a quantum system is prepared into a superposition state, such as a spin superposition state of a single electron, a polarization superposition state of a single photon, and the like, and then the coherence of the quantum superposition state is destroyed through measurement, so that the true randomness of the measurement result can be obtained correspondingly. The wide variety of inherent randomness characteristics found in optical quantum systems provides a great number of options for quantum random number generation schemes. One key technology for implementing true random number generators for these schemes is to produce a single photon source. Most current true random number schemes use weak coherent states that attenuate laser pulses instead of single photon states. The photon number of the laser pulse is in Poisson distribution, and generally a weak coherent state with an average photon number of about 0.1 is a single photon state, so the scheme of preparing a single photon by using the attenuated laser pulse cannot simultaneously take account of the high photon counting rate and the single photon characteristic of the laser pulse. Therefore, a solution is needed to solve the problem that the generation rate and quality of true random numbers are affected by the performance of quantum light sources.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem in the prior art and provides a method and a device for generating true random numbers based on a room-temperature single photon source.
In order to solve the technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a true random number generating device based on a room temperature single photon source, including a single photon source, a projection measuring device, a time-to-digital converter and a random number generating device;
the single photon source is used for generating single photons with anti-bunching properties;
the projection measuring device is used for measuring the intrinsic randomness of the single photons to obtain electric pulse signals randomly distributed on paths or time;
the time-to-digital converter is used for generating a time sequence signal according to the arrival time and the channel number of the electric pulse signal;
the random number generating device is used for generating true random numbers according to the time or channel number information in the time sequence signals.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
Furthermore, the single-photon source comprises a laser confocal microscopic system and a sample, wherein the laser confocal microscopic system comprises a laser, a coupling lens, an optical fiber connector adapter, a focusing lens, a dichroic mirror, an optical filter, an objective lens and a displacement table;
after laser generated by the laser passes through the coupling lens, the optical fiber connector adapter and the focusing lens in sequence for collimating and expanding, the laser is reflected by the dichroic mirror and focused on a sample through the objective lens, the color center of the sample is excited to emit a single photon, and the single photon is collected by the objective lens, transmitted by the dichroic mirror and output through the optical filter; the displacement table is used for loading the sample to move accurately.
Further, the projection measuring device comprises a beam splitter, a first single-photon detector and a second single-photon detector; the projection measurement device performs projection measurement on the single photon in a path superposition state at the path freedom degree by using a beam splitter and a first single-photon detector and a second single-photon detector which are arranged behind an output port of the beam splitter, and generates electric pulse signals which are randomly distributed on two paths;
or the projection measuring device comprises a polarizer, a polarization beam splitter, a third single-photon detector and a fourth single-photon detector; the projection measuring device utilizes the polarizer and the polarization beam splitter to enable the single photons to form a polarization superposition state of vertical polarization and parallel polarization, and utilizes a third single photon detector and a fourth single photon detector which are arranged behind an output port of the polarization beam splitter to perform projection measurement on the single photons in the polarization degree of freedom, so as to generate electric pulse signals which are randomly distributed on two paths;
or the projection measuring device comprises an array single photon detector; the projection measuring device detects single photons by using an array single photon detector, and the outputs of a part of array elements of the array single photon detector are connected in parallel to form an output end; the outputs of the other array elements are connected in parallel to form another output end to generate electric pulse signals randomly distributed on the two paths;
or, the projection measuring device comprises a fifth single-photon detector; the projection measuring device utilizes a fifth single-photon detector to perform projection measurement on single photons in a generation time mixed state in a time degree of freedom, and electric pulse signals which are randomly distributed in time are generated.
Further, the color center of the sample is a vacancy defect in a gallium nitride crystal, an SiV color center in a diamond crystal, a silicon vacancy color center in a silicon carbide crystal or a double vacancy color center in a silicon carbide crystal.
Furthermore, the displacement table comprises an electric nanometer displacement table and a rough adjustment displacement table, and the electric nanometer displacement table is positioned on the rough adjustment displacement table.
In order to solve the technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a true random number generation method based on a room temperature single photon source, including the following steps:
generating single photons with anti-bunching properties by using a single photon source; measuring the intrinsic randomness of the single photons through a projection measuring device to obtain electric pulse signals randomly distributed on a path or time; generating a time sequence signal by using a time-to-digital converter according to the arrival time of the electric pulse signal and the channel number; and generating a true random number by using a random number generating device according to the time or channel number information in the time sequence signal.
Further, the step of generating single photons with anti-bunching properties using a single photon source includes: and exciting and positioning the color center in the sample by using a laser confocal microscopy system, and collecting the single photon with the anti-bunching characteristic emitted by the color center in the sample.
Further, the step of measuring the intrinsic randomness of the single photons by a projection measuring device to obtain electric pulse signals randomly distributed on a path or time includes: the projection measuring device is used for detecting the single photons in coherent superposition state or mixed state on path, polarization, space or time freedom degree, so that the single photons are randomly collapsed from the superposition state or mixed state to different projection measuring bases due to intrinsic randomness, and electric pulse signals randomly distributed on the path or time are output.
Further, the step of generating a true random number by using a random number generating device according to the time or channel number information in the time series signal includes: the random number generation device judges channel number information contained in each numerical value according to the arrival time sequence of the electric pulse signals contained in each numerical value in the time sequence signals, and if the channel number information is a channel 1, a '0' is generated; in the case of channel 2, a number "1" is generated, resulting in a true random number in order.
Further, the time-to-digital converter is used for generating a time series signal according to the arrival time of the electric pulse signal and the channel number; the step of generating a true random number by using a random number generating device according to the time or channel number information in the time series signal comprises the following steps: the time-to-digital converter generates and outputs a time-series signal { T) according to the arrival time of the input electric pulse signalNN ═ 1,2 …. M }, where M is the number of electrical pulses input in the time-to-digital converter; each value T in the time-series signalNEncodes the arrival time t of the Nth electric pulse signal input in the time-to-digital converterNWhen a time-series signal enters the random number generating device, the device calculates T in the order of N from small to largeiTime t of middle codeiAnd Ti-1Time t of middle codei-1Difference of (d τ)iAnd Ti-1Time t of middle codei-1And Ti-2Time t of middle codei-2Difference of (d τ)i-1I is 3,4 … N, and is judged to be τiAnd τi-1If τ is greater than τiLess than τi-1Then a random number "0" is generated; if τiIs greater than or equal to taui-1Generating a random number '1', thereby generating a true random number arranged in sequence;
or time-to-digital converter based on inputGenerating and outputting a time-series signal { T }NN ═ 1,2 …. M }, where M is the number of electrical pulses input in the time-to-digital converter; each value T in the time-series signalNEncodes the arrival time t of the Nth electric pulse signal input in the time-to-digital converterNThe random number generating device generates P time windows (mu) according to the time sequence signal output by the time-to-digital converteri-δt/2,μi+ δ t/2) where i ═ 1,2, … P, μiIs the center position of the time window, δ t is the width of each time window, μi- δ t/2 is greater than the sequence { tNN is the minimum of 1,2 …, M }, μi+ δ t/2 is less than the sequence { tNN is the maximum value of 1,2 …, M, the random number generating device calculates the sequence { t }NNumber of elements Q in the p-th and p + 1-th time windows, N-1, 2 …pAnd Qp+1Wherein, if P is 1,2, … P-1, if Qp+1Greater than QpThen a random number of "0" is generated, if Qp+1Less than QpThen a random number "1" is generated, resulting in a true random number in order.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with a weak coherent light source with Poisson photon distribution used in the existing true random number generation scheme, the high-brightness anti-bunching single photon source prepared in the method and the device for generating the true random number based on the room-temperature single photon source can better inhibit the generation of multiphoton while ensuring high photon generation rate, thereby simultaneously obtaining photon counting rate and good single photon characteristics in the detection process, and further ensuring the rate of generating the true random number and true randomness. Meanwhile, devices used by the method and the device can all come from mature photoelectronic devices, have the characteristics of simple physical model and high randomness, have the potential of on-chip integration, and can be widely applied to the fields of simulation, lottery, cryptography, information security and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a true random number generating device based on a room temperature single photon source according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a single photon source according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a projection measurement apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a normalized second order correlation function measurement of a single photon;
figure 5 shows the results of the NIST test for random sequences.
In the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed below:
1. the device comprises a single photon source, 2, a projection measuring device, 3, a time-to-digital converter, 4, a random number generating device, 5, a laser, 6, a coupling lens, 7, an optical fiber, 8, an optical fiber connector adapter, 9, a focusing lens, 10, a dichroic mirror, 11, an optical filter, 12, an objective lens, 13, a sample, 14, an electric nanometer displacement table, 15, a coarse adjustment displacement table, 16, a beam splitter, 17, a first single photon detector, 18, a second single photon detector, 19, a polarizer, 20, a polarization beam splitter, 21, a third single photon detector, 22, a fourth single photon detector, 23, an array single photon detector, 24 and a fifth single photon detector.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a first embodiment of the present invention provides a true random number generating apparatus based on a room temperature single photon source, which is characterized by comprising a single photon source 1, a projection measuring apparatus 2, a time-to-digital converter 3 and a random number generating apparatus 4;
the single photon source 1 is used for generating single photons with anti-bunching property;
the projection measuring device 2 is used for measuring the intrinsic randomness of the single photons to obtain electric pulse signals randomly distributed on paths or time;
the time-to-digital converter 3 is used for generating a time sequence signal according to the arrival time and the channel number of the electric pulse signal;
the random number generating device 4 is configured to generate a true random number according to time or channel number information in the time series signal.
Compared with the weak coherent light source with the distribution of Poisson photons used in the existing true random number generation scheme, the high-brightness anti-bunching single photon source prepared by the room-temperature single photon source-based true random number generation device in the embodiment can better inhibit the generation of multiple photons while ensuring the high photon generation rate, thereby obtaining the photon counting rate and the good single photon characteristic simultaneously in the detection process, and ensuring the rate of generating the true random number and the true randomness. Meanwhile, the device has the characteristics of simple physical model and high randomness, has the potential of on-chip integration, and can be widely applied to the fields of simulation, lottery, cryptography, information security and the like.
To test whether the resulting data is random, a randomness test can be performed using the international standard-wide classical statistical test package, such as NIST, Diehard, ENT, etc.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 2, the single-photon source 1 includes a confocal laser microscope system and a sample 13, the confocal laser microscope system includes a laser 5, a coupling lens 6, an optical fiber 7, an optical fiber connector adapter 8, a focusing lens 9, a dichroic mirror 10, an optical filter 11, an objective lens 12, and a displacement stage;
after laser generated by the laser 5 passes through the coupling lens 6, the optical fiber 7, the optical fiber connector adapter 8 and the focusing lens 9 in sequence for collimating and beam-expanding, the laser is reflected by the dichroic mirror 10 and focused on a sample 13 through the objective lens 12, the color center of the sample 13 is excited to emit single photons, and the single photons are collected by the objective lens 12, transmitted by the dichroic mirror 10 and output through the optical filter 11; the displacement table is used for accurately moving the loaded sample 11.
In the above embodiment, the laser 5 provides stable excitation light for color center luminescence of the sample 13; the coupling lens 6 and the optical fiber 7 are used for coupling, transmitting and selecting the mode of the laser; the focusing lens 9 is used for collimating and collecting the laser beam; the dichroic mirror 10 can reflect light having a cut-off wavelength or less and transmit light having a cut-off wavelength or more; the optical filter 11 is used for filtering part of the exciting light scattered and transmitted through the dichroic mirror 10; the objective lens 12 focuses the parallel light on the sample 13 as a spot of diffraction-limited size and collects the single photons emitted from the sample 13. The confocal laser microscopy system in the single photon source has high spatial resolution on the order of sub-wavelengths, since both excitation and collection are confocal.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 3, the projection measurement apparatus 2 comprises a beam splitter 16, a first single-photon detector 17 and a second single-photon detector 18; the projection measurement device 2 performs projection measurement on the single photon in a path superposition state at the path freedom degree by using the beam splitter 16 and the first single-photon detector 17 and the second single-photon detector 18 which are placed behind the output port of the beam splitter 16, and generates electric pulse signals which are randomly distributed on two paths, as shown in fig. 3 (a);
or, the projection measuring device 2 comprises a polarizer 19, a polarization beam splitter 20, a third single-photon detector 21 and a fourth single-photon detector 22; the projection measurement device 2 uses the polarizer 19 and the polarization beam splitter 20 to make the single photons form a polarization superposition state of vertical polarization and parallel polarization, and uses the third single photon detector 21 and the fourth single photon detector 22 which are placed behind the output port of the polarization beam splitter (20) to perform projection measurement on the single photons in the polarization degree of freedom, so as to generate electric pulse signals which are randomly distributed on two paths, as shown in fig. 3 (b);
alternatively, the projection measuring device 2 comprises an array single photon detector 23; the projection measuring device 2 detects single photons by using the array single photon detector 23, and the outputs of a part of array elements of the array single photon detector 23 are connected in parallel to form an output end; the outputs of the other array elements are connected in parallel to form another output end, and electric pulse signals randomly distributed on two paths are generated, as shown in fig. 3 (c);
alternatively, the projection measurement apparatus 2 comprises a fifth single-photon detector 24; the projection measurement device 2 performs projection measurement of the single photons in the generation time mixture state in the time degree of freedom by using the fifth single photon detector 24, and generates electric pulse signals which are randomly distributed in time, as shown in fig. 3 (d).
In the above embodiment, the single photon detector is configured to detect input signal light, convert photons into electric pulses, and output the electric pulses, where the operating wavelength of the single photon detector covers the wavelength range of the single photon of the color center of the sample. The beam splitter 16 may be 50:50 beam splitter, said polarizer 19 may be a 45 ° polarizer.
Optionally, the color center of the sample 13 is a vacancy defect in a gallium nitride crystal, an SiV color center in a diamond crystal, a silicon vacancy color center in a silicon carbide crystal, or a double vacancy color center in a silicon carbide crystal.
In the above embodiment, the color center of the sample may be combined with a nano-optical cavity, a nano-waveguide, etc., which is helpful for the development of an on-chip integrated quantum random number device.
Optionally, the displacement stage comprises an electric nano-displacement stage 14 and a coarse displacement stage 15, and the electric nano-displacement stage 14 is positioned on the coarse displacement stage 15.
In the above embodiment, the electric nano-displacement stage 14 is used for loading a sample to move accurately, so as to realize scanning imaging; a coarse displacement stage 15 is used to manually adjust the sample position.
The method for generating the true random number based on the room temperature single photon source provided by the second embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
generating single photons with anti-bunching property by using a single photon source 1; measuring the intrinsic randomness of the single photons through a projection measuring device 2 to obtain electric pulse signals randomly distributed on a path or time; generating a time series signal by using a time-to-digital converter 3 according to the arrival time of the electric pulse signal and the channel number; and generating a true random number by using a random number generating device 4 according to the time or channel number information in the time series signal.
Compared with the weak coherent light source with the distribution of Poisson photons used in the existing true random number generation scheme, the high-brightness anti-bunching single photon source prepared by the room-temperature single photon source-based true random number generation method in the embodiment can better inhibit the generation of multiple photons while ensuring the high photon generation rate, so that the photon counting rate and the good single photon characteristic can be obtained simultaneously in the detection process, and the rate of generating the true random number and the true randomness are ensured. Meanwhile, the method has the characteristics of simple physical model and high randomness, has the potential of on-chip integration, and can be widely applied to the fields of simulation, lottery, cryptography, information security and the like.
Alternatively, the step of generating single photons with anti-bunching properties using a single photon source 1 comprises: and exciting and positioning the color centers in the sample 13 by using a laser confocal microscopy system, and collecting single photons with an anti-bunching characteristic emitted by the color centers in the sample 13.
Optionally, the step of measuring the intrinsic randomness of the single photons by the projection measuring device 2 to obtain electric pulse signals randomly distributed in path or time includes: the projection measuring device 2 is used for detecting the single photons in coherent superposition state or mixed state on path, polarization, space or time freedom degree, so that the single photons are randomly collapsed from the superposition state or mixed state to different projection measuring bases due to intrinsic randomness, and electric pulse signals randomly distributed on the path or time are output.
Optionally, the step of generating a true random number by the random number generating device 4 according to the time or channel number information in the time series signal includes: the random number generation device 4 judges the channel number information contained in each numerical value according to the arrival time sequence of the electric pulse signal contained in each numerical value in the time series signal, and if the channel number information is channel 1, generates '0'; in the case of channel 2, a number "1" is generated, resulting in a true random number in order.
Optionally, the time-to-digital converter 3 generates a time-series signal according to the arrival time of the electric pulse signal and the channel number; the step of generating a true random number by the random number generating device 4 according to the time or channel number information in the time series signal includes: the time-to-digital converter generates and outputs a time-series signal { T) according to the arrival time of the input electric pulse signalNN ═ 1,2 …. M }, where M is the electrical pulse input to the time-to-digital converterThe number of (2); each value T in the time-series signalNEncodes the arrival time t of the Nth electric pulse signal input in the time-to-digital converterNWhen a time-series signal enters the random number generating device, the device calculates T in the order of N from small to largeiTime t of middle codeiAnd Ti-1Time t of middle codei-1Difference of (d τ)iAnd Ti-1Time t of middle codei-1And Ti-2Time t of middle codei-2Difference of (d τ)i-1I is 3,4 … N, and is judged to be τiAnd τi-1If τ is greater than τiLess than τi-1Then a random number "0" is generated; if τiIs greater than or equal to taui-1Generating a random number '1', thereby generating a true random number arranged in sequence;
or the time-to-digital converter generates and outputs a time-series signal { T } according to the arrival time of the input electric pulse signalNN ═ 1,2 …. M }, where M is the number of electrical pulses input in the time-to-digital converter; each value T in the time-series signalNEncodes the arrival time t of the Nth electric pulse signal input in the time-to-digital converterNThe random number generating device generates P time windows (mu) according to the time sequence signal output by the time-to-digital converteri-δt/2,μi+ δ t/2) where i ═ 1,2, … P, μiIs the center position of the time window, δ t is the width of each time window, μi- δ t/2 is greater than the sequence { tNN is the minimum of 1,2 …, M }, μi+ δ t/2 is less than the sequence { tNN is the maximum value of 1,2 …, M, the random number generating device calculates the sequence { t }NNumber of elements Q in the p-th and p + 1-th time windows, N-1, 2 …pAnd Qp+1Wherein, if P is 1,2, … P-1, if Qp+1Greater than QpThen a random number of "0" is generated, if Qp+1Less than QpThen a random number "1" is generated, resulting in a true random number in order.
The following describes a specific embodiment of implementing the anti-bunching single photon-based true random number in an actual experiment: gallium nitride LED crystals grown on a patterned sapphire substrate are used as samples, and color centers in the samples are scanned and positioned to be used as single photon sources. The central wavelength of the laser is 532nm, the power is about 3mW, and stable exciting light is provided for the luminescence of the color center of the sample. The coupling lens and the optical fiber at the excitation end are used for coupling, transmitting and selecting the mode of the laser, the focusing lens is used for collimating the laser beam, the working wavelengths of the coupling lens and the optical fiber all cover 532nm, and the focal length of the focusing lens is 15 mm. An objective lens with a magnification of 100 times, a working distance of 0.9mm and a Numerical Aperture (NA) of 0.9 is selected to focus the parallel laser beam into a spot of diffraction-limited size. A dichroic mirror with the cut-off wavelength of 560nm is selected, so that single photons of 600-750nm emitted by 532nm excitation light and a gallium nitride sample can be spatially distinguished. And an optical filter with the cut-off wavelength of 550nm is selected for further filtering out the excitation light of 532nm which penetrates through the dichroic mirror and is about 0.01 percent, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of the single photon signal is improved. The receiving end can adopt a focusing lens and an optical fiber coupling to collect single photons, wherein a lens with the working wavelength of 700-800 nm and the focal length of 15mm and a single-mode optical fiber with the working wavelength covering 600-800nm are selected.
The single photon detector is used for detecting single photon signals and converting photons into electric pulses to be output. In order to detect the gallium nitride fluorescence signal with the spectral range of about 600-800nm, the single photon detector is a silicon-based avalanche diode detector, the photon detection efficiency in the 600-800nm wave band is 45% -65%, the dark count is 50Hz, and the dead time is about 30 ns.
In addition, the scanning step pitch of the electric nanometer displacement platform is set to be 200nm, the scanning range is set to be 20 mu m × 20 mu m, the sample can be scanned and imaged by combining a single photon detector and a time-to-digital converter, and the coarse adjustment displacement platform is used for moving the electric nanometer displacement platform to be out of the maximum movable range of 100 mu m × 100 mu m.
A time-to-digital converter (TDC) is used to record the exact time of arrival and channel number of each electrical pulse signal of the single-photon detector. At this time, the TDC is used with a minimum resolvable time interval (i.e., bin width) of 81ps, and can realize electric pulse counting, coincidence counting, second order correlation function measurement,Timestamp measurement, etc. By utilizing the second order correlation function measuring function of the TDC, whether the light-emitting point is a single-photon source for anti-bunching or not can be verified. The measurement results are shown in FIG. 4, normalized second order correlation function g where the delay is zero(2)(0) And when the value is 0.36 and less than 0.5, the single photon prepared has obvious anti-bunching characteristics.
The time-to-digital converter is used for collecting the '0' and '1' sequences of two paths of electric pulse signals reaching different channels at different times. Under non-ideal conditions, the beam splitter cannot achieve accurate 50:50 light splitting, the response time of the two detectors cannot be completely consistent with the photon detection efficiency, and the acquired probabilities of '0' and '1' cannot achieve 50% of each other, so that the random number sequence is subjected to de-skew processing, and finally the generation rate of random number bits is about 420 kHz.
The sequence of unbiased 1Gbits random numbers is then tested for randomness using the NIST test package. NIST is a method for evaluating the randomness of a pseudorandom sequence, which is issued by the national standards and technical committee of America, and has 15 tests in total; each test obtains a P-value, which is greater than or equal to 0.01, namely random, and less than 0.01, namely the randomness is not strong enough, and the detection result is shown in fig. 5, fig. 5a is the passing probability of the random number sequence in each small test, and the visible passing rate is more than 98%, and fig. 5b is the P value of the random number sequence passing the test, and the visible P values are greater than 0.01, which indicates that the collected random number passes the NIST randomness detection.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A true random number generating device based on a room temperature single photon source is characterized by comprising a single photon source (1), a projection measuring device (2), a time-to-digital converter (3) and a random number generating device (4);
the single photon source (1) is used for generating single photons with anti-bunching properties;
the projection measuring device (2) is used for measuring the intrinsic randomness of the single photons to obtain electric pulse signals randomly distributed on paths or time;
the time-to-digital converter (3) is used for generating a time sequence signal according to the arrival time of the electric pulse signal and the channel number;
the random number generating device (4) is used for generating true random numbers according to the time or channel number information in the time sequence signals.
2. The device for generating the true random number based on the room temperature single photon source is characterized in that the single photon source (1) comprises a laser confocal microscopic system and a sample (13), wherein the laser confocal microscopic system comprises a laser (5), a coupling lens (6), an optical fiber (7), an optical fiber connector adapter (8), a focusing lens (9), a dichroic mirror (10), an optical filter (11), an objective lens (12) and a displacement table;
after laser generated by the laser (5) passes through the coupling lens (6), the optical fiber (7), the optical fiber connector adapter (8) and the focusing lens (9) in sequence for collimating and expanding, the laser is reflected by the dichroic mirror (10) and focused on a sample (13) through the objective lens (12), the color center of the sample (13) is excited to emit a single photon, and the single photon is collected by the objective lens (12), is transmitted by the dichroic mirror (10), and is output through the optical filter (11); the displacement table is used for accurately moving a loaded sample (11).
3. A room temperature single photon source based true random number generating device according to claim 1, wherein said projection measuring device (2) comprises a beam splitter (16), a first single photon detector (17) and a second single photon detector (18); the projection measurement device (2) utilizes a beam splitter (16) and a first single-photon detector (17) and a second single-photon detector (18) which are arranged behind an output port of the beam splitter (16) to perform projection measurement on single photons in a path superposition state in the path freedom degree, and electric pulse signals which are randomly distributed on two paths are generated;
or the projection measuring device (2) comprises a polarizer (19), a polarization beam splitter (20), a third single-photon detector (21) and a fourth single-photon detector (22); the projection measuring device (2) utilizes a polarizer (19) and a polarization beam splitter (20) to enable single photons to form a polarization superposition state of vertical polarization and parallel polarization, and utilizes a third single photon detector (21) and a fourth single photon detector (22) which are arranged behind an output port of the polarization beam splitter (20) to perform projection measurement on the single photons in the polarization degree of freedom to generate electric pulse signals which are randomly distributed on two paths;
or, the projection measuring device (2) comprises an array single photon detector (23); the projection measuring device (2) detects single photons by using the array single photon detector (23), and the outputs of a part of array elements of the array single photon detector (23) are connected in parallel to form an output end; the outputs of the other array elements are connected in parallel to form another output end to generate electric pulse signals randomly distributed on the two paths;
alternatively, the projection measurement apparatus (2) comprises a fifth single-photon detector (24); the projection measurement device (2) utilizes a fifth single-photon detector (24) to perform projection measurement on single photons in a generation time mixed state in a time degree of freedom, and electric pulse signals which are randomly distributed in time are generated.
4. The apparatus for generating truly random numbers based on a single photon source at room temperature as claimed in claim 1, wherein the color centers of the sample (13) are vacancy defects in gallium nitride crystals, SiV color centers in diamond crystals, silicon vacancy color centers in silicon carbide crystals or double vacancy color centers in silicon carbide crystals.
5. The device for generating true random numbers based on room temperature single photon source as claimed in claim 1, wherein said displacement stage comprises an electric nano displacement stage (14) and a coarse displacement stage (15), said electric nano displacement stage (14) is located on the coarse displacement stage (15).
6. A method for generating true random numbers based on a room temperature single photon source is characterized by comprising the following steps:
generating single photons with anti-bunching properties by using a single photon source (1); measuring the intrinsic randomness of the single photons through a projection measuring device (2) to obtain electric pulse signals randomly distributed on a path or time; generating a time series signal by using a time-to-digital converter (3) according to the arrival time of the electric pulse signal and the channel number; and generating a true random number by using a random number generating device (4) according to the time or channel number information in the time series signal.
7. The method for generating truly random numbers based on a room temperature single photon source according to claim 6, wherein the step of generating single photons with anti-bunching properties using a single photon source (1) comprises: and exciting and positioning the color center in the sample (13) by using a laser confocal microscopy system, and collecting the single photon with the anti-bunching characteristic emitted by the color center in the sample (13).
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of obtaining the electric pulse signals randomly distributed in path or time by measuring the intrinsic randomness of the single photons through a projection measuring device (2) comprises: and detecting the coherent superposed state or mixed state single photon on the path, polarization, space or time freedom degree by using the projection measuring device (2), so that the single photon is randomly collapsed from the superposed state or mixed state to different projection measuring bases due to intrinsic randomness, and electric pulse signals randomly distributed on the path or time are output.
9. A method for generating true random numbers based on room temperature single photon sources as claimed in claim 6, wherein the step of generating true random numbers by means of a random number generating means (4) based on time or channel number information in said time series of signals comprises: the random number generating device (4) judges channel number information contained in each numerical value according to the arrival time sequence of the electric pulse signals contained in each numerical value in the time series signals, and if the channel number information is channel 1, the channel number information is generated to be '0'; in the case of channel 2, a number "1" is generated, resulting in a true random number in order.
10. The method for generating true random numbers based on room temperature single photon source as claimed in claim 6, wherein said time-to-digital converter (3) is used to generate time series signals according to the arrival time of said electrical pulse signals and the channel number; a step of generating a true random number based on time or channel number information in the time series signal by a random number generating means (4), comprising: the time-to-digital converter generates and outputs a time-series signal { T) according to the arrival time of the input electric pulse signalNN ═ 1,2 …. M }, where M is the number of electrical pulses input in the time-to-digital converter; each value T in the time-series signalNEncodes the arrival time t of the Nth electric pulse signal input in the time-to-digital converterNWhen the time-series signal enters the random number generation deviceThen, the device calculates T according to the sequence of N from small to largeiTime t of middle codeiAnd Ti-1Time t of middle codei-1Difference of (d τ)iAnd Ti-1Time t of middle codei-1And Ti-2Time t of middle codei-2Difference of (d τ)i-1I is 3,4 … N, and is judged to be τiAnd τi-1If τ is greater than τiLess than τi-1Then a random number "0" is generated; if τiIs greater than or equal to taui-1Generating a random number '1', thereby generating a true random number arranged in sequence;
or the time-to-digital converter generates and outputs a time-series signal { T } according to the arrival time of the input electric pulse signalNN ═ 1,2 …. M }, where M is the number of electrical pulses input in the time-to-digital converter; each value T in the time-series signalNEncodes the arrival time t of the Nth electric pulse signal input in the time-to-digital converterNThe random number generating device generates P time windows (mu) according to the time sequence signal output by the time-to-digital converteri-δt/2,μi+ δ t/2) where i ═ 1,2, … P, μiIs the center position of the time window, δ t is the width of each time window, μi- δ t/2 is greater than the sequence { tNN is the minimum of 1,2 …, M }, μi+ δ t/2 is less than the sequence { tNN is the maximum value of 1,2 …, M, the random number generating device calculates the sequence { t }NNumber of elements Q in the p-th and p + 1-th time windows, N-1, 2 …pAnd Qp+1Wherein, in the step (A),
p is 1,2, … P-1, if Qp+1Greater than QpThen a random number of "0" is generated, if Qp+1Less than QpThen a random number "1" is generated, resulting in a true random number in order.
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