CN111351602A - Method for measuring micro-expansion stress of cement-based material - Google Patents
Method for measuring micro-expansion stress of cement-based material Download PDFInfo
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- CN111351602A CN111351602A CN202010095137.5A CN202010095137A CN111351602A CN 111351602 A CN111351602 A CN 111351602A CN 202010095137 A CN202010095137 A CN 202010095137A CN 111351602 A CN111351602 A CN 111351602A
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- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring the micro-expansion stress of a cement-based material, which can continuously and automatically measure the expansion stress of the cement-based material caused by the durability problem when the cement-based material is correspondingly eroded by using different test solutions, does not need to take out a test sample in the measuring process, has no disturbance to the test sample, and ensures the measuring precision of the expansion stress; in addition, the test sample is designed into a hollow pipe, so that the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the test sample can be immersed in the test solution, the opposite erosion of the inner wall and the outer wall of the test sample is realized, and the metal rod core is designed to be composed of a first end section, a first transition section, a middle section, a second transition section and a second end section, so that the middle of the cross-sectional area of the metal rod core is small, the two sections of the metal rod core are large, and the measurement accuracy of the expansion stress can be effectively ensured; therefore, the invention has the advantage of high measurement precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building materials and testing equipment, in particular to a method for measuring micro-expansion stress of a cement-based material.
Background
In all countries around the world, the loss of shortening the service life of a concrete structure due to the problem of material durability is huge, the reconstruction and maintenance cost is extremely high, and the safety of the structure is also greatly damaged. External sulfate erosion, alkali-aggregate reaction and the like are all important problems influencing the structural durability, and are all serious damages to cement-based materials caused by expansion, however, no effective test method aiming at the expansion stress caused by the expansion stress exists at home and abroad at present. For expansion and damage caused by external sulfate erosion, the main testing method in the current domestic and foreign standard specifications is free expansion measurement, but the problems that the sample size is too large, the true measurement is difficult to accurately reflect, the measurement precision is difficult to guarantee, the measurement is discontinuous, and the measurement error is caused by taking out the sample from the solution during measurement exist. How to accurately and continuously measure the expansion stress is a difficult problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the method for measuring the micro-expansion stress of the cement-based material is provided, so that the problem that the expansion stress of the cement-based material is difficult to accurately and continuously measure in the prior art is solved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the method for measuring the micro-expansion stress of the cement-based material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, manufacturing a test device, comprising: the device comprises a test sample, a metal rod core, a fixing mechanism and a measuring system;
the test sample is a hollow pipe prepared from a tested cement-based material; the metal rod core is composed of a first end section, a first transition section, a middle section, a second transition section and a second end section which are coaxially connected in sequence, and the cross sectional areas of the first end section and the second end section are larger than that of the middle section; the middle section of the metal rod core is positioned in the hollow inner cavity of the test sample, the axis of the metal rod core is parallel to the axis of the test sample, the first end section and the second end section are fixedly connected with the test sample through the fixing mechanism, and the fixing mechanism is provided with a first flow through hole and a second flow through hole, so that the first flow through hole, the hollow inner cavity of the test sample and the second flow through hole are sequentially communicated;
the measuring system is provided with a strain gauge and a data processing module; the strain gauge is adhered to the surface of the middle section, and the data processing module can receive the strain amount measured by the strain gauge;
step two, immersing the test sample, the metal rod core, the fixing mechanism and the strain gauge which are assembled in the step one into a test solution, and filling the hollow inner cavity of the test sample with the test solution through the first flow through hole and the second flow through hole so that the test sample expands under the erosion of the test solution;
and step three, continuously receiving the strain measured by the strain gauge by using the data processing module, and continuously and automatically calculating the expansion stress of the measured cement-based material according to the following formula I:
σ＝E·ξstrain gauge·AStainless steel bar/ATest specimen[ formula one]；
Wherein σ represents the expansion stress of the tested cement-based material, E is the elastic modulus of the metal rod core, ξStrain gaugeRepresents the amount of strain measured by the strain gage, AStainless steel barIs the cross-sectional area of the middle section, ATest specimenIs the cross-sectional area of the test sample.
Therefore, different test solutions are used, the expansion stress of the cement-based material caused by the durability problem can be continuously and automatically measured, the test sample does not need to be taken out in the measurement process, the test sample is not disturbed, and the measurement precision of the expansion stress is ensured;
the test solution is selected according to test requirements, but the test solution cannot be a strong corrosive solution such as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid which can damage a test device.
In addition, the test sample is designed into a hollow pipe, so that the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the test sample can be immersed in the test solution, the opposite erosion of the inner wall and the outer wall of the test sample is realized, and the metal rod core is designed to be composed of a first end section, a first transition section, a middle section, a second transition section and a second end section, so that the middle of the cross-sectional area of the metal rod core is small, the two sections of the metal rod core are large, and the measurement accuracy of the expansion stress can be effectively ensured;
therefore, the invention has the advantage of high measurement precision, and the test can accurately reach the expansion force variation of 0.3N.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the measuring system is provided with two strain gauges which are arranged on the surface of the middle section in a back-to-back mode;
and in the third step, the data processing module calculates expansion stress according to the strain measured by the two strain gauges and the formula I respectively, and then uses the average value of the two expansion stresses as the expansion stress of the measured cement-based material.
Therefore, the influence on the strain measured by the strain gauge due to the micro bending of the middle section of the metal rod core can be prevented, and the measurement precision of the expansion stress of the cement-based material is further improved.
Preferably: the cross section of the test sample is a circular ring surface; the cross sections of the metal rod cores at any position are circular surfaces, the first end section and the second end section are symmetrically arranged by taking the central cross section of the middle section as a symmetrical plane, and the first transition section and the second transition section are symmetrically arranged by taking the central cross section of the middle section as a symmetrical plane; the test sample is coaxial with the metal rod core; the distance between the two strain gauges and the central cross section of the middle section is equal.
Thus, the measurement accuracy of the expansion stress can be further improved.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the test solution is a sulfate solution; the test samples had a wall thickness of between 2.5mm and 5 mm.
Therefore, when the expansion stress of the cement-based material caused by sulfate erosion is measured, the influence of the gradient stress can be effectively reduced by adopting the test sample with the pipe wall thickness of 2.5 mm-5 mm, so that the measurement accuracy of the expansion stress is further improved.
Preferably: the test sample is a hollow round tube with an outer diameter of 30mm, an inner diameter of 25mm and a height of 70 mm.
Preferably: the surface of the strain gage is coated with an impermeable coating to protect the strain gage immersed in the test solution from damage.
Preferably: the metal rod core is made of a corrosion-resistant metal material. Therefore, the metal rod core can be prevented from being corroded in the measuring process to influence the measuring result.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the fixing mechanism comprises a first cover plate, a second cover plate, a first nut and a second nut; the first cover plate and the second cover plate are both provided with central through holes, the first flow through hole is formed in the first cover plate, and the second flow through hole is formed in the second cover plate; the first cover plate and the second cover plate are respectively positioned at the end parts of two sides of the test sample, the first end section of the metal rod core penetrates through the central through hole of the first cover plate and extends outwards, and the second end section of the metal rod core penetrates through the central through hole of the second cover plate and extends outwards; and the outward extending parts of the first end section and the second end section are provided with external threads, the first nut is screwed on the external threads of the first end section to press and fix the first cover plate on one side end of the test sample, and the second nut is screwed on the external threads of the second end section to press and fix the second cover plate on the other side end of the test sample.
Preferably: a plurality of first flow through holes are formed in the first cover plate, and the first flow through holes are uniformly arranged around the central through hole of the first cover plate at intervals; the second cover plate is provided with a plurality of second flow through holes, and the second flow through holes are uniformly arranged at intervals around the central through hole of the second cover plate.
Preferably: the first cover plate and the second cover plate are both made of stainless steel materials.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
firstly, different test solutions are used, so that the expansion stress of the cement-based material caused by the durability problem can be continuously and automatically measured, a test sample does not need to be taken out in the measurement process, the test sample is not disturbed, and the measurement accuracy of the expansion stress is ensured;
in addition, the test sample is designed into a hollow pipe, so that the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the test sample can be immersed in the test solution, the opposite erosion of the inner wall and the outer wall of the test sample is realized, and the metal rod core is designed to be composed of a first end section, a first transition section, a middle section, a second transition section and a second end section, so that the middle of the cross-sectional area of the metal rod core is small, the two sections of the metal rod core are large, and the measurement accuracy of the expansion stress can be effectively ensured;
therefore, the invention has the advantage of high measurement precision.
Secondly, the two strain gauges which are arranged in a back direction are arranged, and the average value of the two expansion stresses obtained by calculating the strain measured by the two strain gauges is used as the expansion stress of the measured cement-based material, so that the influence of the strain measured by the strain gauges due to the micro bending of the middle section of the metal rod core can be prevented, and the measurement accuracy of the expansion stress of the cement-based material is further improved.
Thirdly, when the expansion stress of the cement-based material caused by the corrosion of sulfate is measured, the influence of the gradient stress can be effectively reduced by adopting the test sample with the pipe wall thickness of 2.5mm to 5mm, so that the measurement precision of the expansion stress is further improved.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a test apparatus according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings to help those skilled in the art to better understand the inventive concept of the present invention, but the scope of the claims of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art will fall within the scope of the present invention without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention.
Example one
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention discloses a method for measuring the micro-expansion stress of a cement-based material, which comprises the following steps:
step one, manufacturing a test device, comprising: the device comprises a test sample 1, a metal rod core 2, a fixing mechanism and a measuring system;
the test sample 1 is a hollow tube prepared from a tested cement-based material; the metal rod core 2 is composed of a first end section 2-1, a first transition section 2-2, a middle section 2-3, a second transition section 2-4 and a second end section 2-5 which are coaxially connected in sequence, and the cross sectional areas of the first end section 2-1 and the second end section 2-5 are larger than the cross sectional area of the middle section 2-3; the middle section 2-3 of the metal rod core 2 is positioned in the hollow inner cavity of the test sample 1, the axis of the metal rod core 2 is parallel to the axis of the test sample 1, the first end section 2-1 and the second end section 2-5 are fixedly connected with the test sample 1 through the fixing mechanism, and the fixing mechanism is provided with a first flow through hole 4a and a second flow through hole 5a, so that the first flow through hole 4a, the hollow inner cavity of the test sample 1 and the second flow through hole 5a are sequentially communicated;
the measuring system is provided with a strain gauge 3 and a data processing module; the strain gauge 3 is adhered to the surface of the middle section 2-3, and the data processing module can receive the strain measured by the strain gauge 3;
step two, immersing the test sample 1, the metal rod core 2, the fixing mechanism and the strain gauge 3 which are assembled in the step one into a test solution, and filling the hollow inner cavity of the test sample 1 with the test solution through the first flow through hole 4a and the second flow through hole 5a so that the test sample 1 is expanded under the erosion of the test solution;
and step three, continuously receiving the strain measured by the strain gauge 3 by using the data processing module, and continuously and automatically calculating the expansion stress of the measured cement-based material according to the following formula I:
σ＝E·ξstrain gauge·AStainless steel bar/ATest specimen[ formula one]；
Wherein σ represents the expansion stress of the cement-based material to be tested, E is the modulus of elasticity of the metal rod core 2, ξStrain gaugeRepresents the amount of strain, A, measured by the strain gage 3Stainless steel barIs the cross-sectional area of the middle section 2-3, ATest specimenIs the cross-sectional area of the test sample 1.
Therefore, different test solutions are used, the expansion stress of the cement-based material caused by the durability problem can be continuously and automatically measured, the test sample 1 does not need to be taken out in the measurement process, the test sample 1 is not disturbed, and the measurement precision of the expansion stress is ensured;
the test solution is selected according to test requirements, but the test solution cannot be a strong corrosive solution such as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid which can damage a test device.
In addition, the test sample 1 is designed into a hollow pipe, so that the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the test sample 1 can be immersed in the test solution, the opposite erosion of the inner wall and the outer wall of the test sample 1 is realized, and the metal rod core 2 is designed to be composed of a first end section 2-1, a first transition section 2-2, a middle section 2-3, a second transition section 2-4 and a second end section 2-5, so that the middle part of the cross-sectional area is small, the two sections are large, and the measurement accuracy of the expansion stress can be effectively ensured;
therefore, the invention has the advantage of high measurement precision, and the test can accurately reach the expansion force variation of 0.3N.
The above is a basic implementation manner of the first embodiment, and further optimization, improvement and limitation may be performed on the basis of the basic implementation manner:
preferably: the surface of the strain gauge 3 is coated with an impermeable coating to protect the strain gauge 3 immersed in the test solution from damage.
Preferably: the metal rod core 2 is made of corrosion-resistant metal material, preferably stainless steel material, and the elastic modulus E of the corrosion-resistant metal material is 193 GPa. Therefore, the metal rod core 2 can be prevented from being corroded in the measuring process to influence the measuring result.
Example two
On the basis of the first embodiment, the second embodiment also adopts the following preferred embodiments:
the measuring system is provided with two strain gauges 3, and the two strain gauges 3 are arranged on the surfaces of the middle sections 2-3 in a back-to-back mode;
in the third step, the data processing module calculates expansion stress according to the first formula according to the strain amounts measured by the two strain gauges 3, and then uses the average value of the two expansion stresses as the expansion stress of the measured cement-based material.
Therefore, the influence of micro bending on the strain quantity measured by the strain gauge 3 in the middle section 2-3 of the metal rod core 2 can be prevented, and the measurement precision of the expansion stress of the cement-based material is further improved.
The above is the basic implementation manner of the second embodiment, and further optimization, improvement and limitation can be made on the basis of the basic implementation manner:
preferably: the cross section of the test sample 1 is a circular ring-shaped surface; the cross section of the metal rod core 2 at any position is a circular surface, the first end section 2-1 and the second end section 2-5 are symmetrically arranged by taking the central cross section of the middle section 2-3 as a symmetrical plane, and the first transition section 2-2 and the second transition section 2-4 are symmetrically arranged by taking the central cross section of the middle section 2-3 as a symmetrical plane; the test sample 1 is coaxial with the metal rod core 2; the distance between the two strain gauges 3 and the central cross section of the intermediate section 2-3 is equal.
Thus, the measurement accuracy of the expansion stress can be further improved.
EXAMPLE III
On the basis of the first embodiment or the second embodiment, the third embodiment further adopts the following preferred embodiments:
the test solution is a sulfate solution, such as a sodium sulfate solution, a magnesium sulfate solution, a potassium sulfate solution, and the like; the test sample 1 has a wall thickness of between 2.5mm and 5 mm.
Therefore, when the expansion stress of the cement-based material caused by sulfate erosion is measured, the influence of the gradient stress can be effectively reduced by adopting the test sample 1 with the pipe wall thickness of 2.5 mm-5 mm, so that the measurement accuracy of the expansion stress is further improved.
The above is the basic implementation of the third embodiment, and further optimization, improvement and limitation can be made on the basis of the basic implementation:
preferably: the test sample 1 was a hollow circular tube having an outer diameter of 30mm, an inner diameter of 25mm and a height of 70 mm.
Example four
On the basis of any one of the first to third embodiments, the fourth embodiment further adopts the following preferred embodiments:
the fixing mechanism comprises a first cover plate 4, a second cover plate 5, a first nut 6 and a second nut 7; the first cover plate 4 and the second cover plate 5 are both provided with central through holes, the first flow through hole 4a is arranged on the first cover plate 4, and the second flow through hole 5a is arranged on the second cover plate 5; the first cover plate 4 and the second cover plate 5 are respectively located at two side end positions of the test sample 1, a first end section 2-1 of the metal rod core 2 penetrates through a central through hole of the first cover plate 4 to extend outwards, and a second end section 2-5 of the metal rod core 2 penetrates through a central through hole of the second cover plate 5 to extend outwards; and the outward extending parts of the first end section 2-1 and the second end section 2-5 are provided with external threads, the first nut 6 is screwed on the external threads of the first end section 2-1 to press and fix the first cover plate 4 on one side end of the test sample 1, and the second nut 7 is screwed on the external threads of the second end section 2-5 to press and fix the second cover plate 5 on the other side end of the test sample 1.
In assembling, it is preferable to apply a torque of 0.7N · m to each of the first nut 6 and the second nut 7 by a high-precision torque wrench to secure tight connection.
The above is the basic implementation of the fourth embodiment, and further optimization, improvement and limitation can be made on the basis of the basic implementation:
preferably: a plurality of first flow through holes 4a are formed in the first cover plate 4, and the first flow through holes 4a are uniformly arranged around the central through hole of the first cover plate 4 at intervals; the second cover plate 5 is provided with a plurality of second flow through holes 5a, and the second flow through holes 5a are uniformly arranged around the central through hole of the second cover plate 5 at intervals.
Preferably: the first cover plate 4 and the second cover plate 5 are both made of stainless steel material.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various other equivalent modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the basic technical concept of the invention as described above, according to the common technical knowledge and conventional means in the field.
Claims (10)
1. The method for measuring the micro-expansion stress of the cement-based material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, manufacturing a test device, comprising: the device comprises a test sample (1), a metal rod core (2), a fixing mechanism and a measuring system;
the test sample (1) is a hollow pipe prepared from a tested cement-based material; the metal rod core (2) is composed of a first end section (2-1), a first transition section (2-2), a middle section (2-3), a second transition section (2-4) and a second end section (2-5) which are coaxially connected in sequence, and the cross sectional areas of the first end section (2-1) and the second end section (2-5) are larger than that of the middle section (2-3); the middle section (2-3) of the metal rod core (2) is positioned in the hollow inner cavity of the test sample (1), the axis of the metal rod core (2) is parallel to the axis of the test sample (1), the first end section (2-1) and the second end section (2-5) are fixedly connected with the test sample (1) through the fixing mechanism, and the fixing mechanism is provided with a first flow through hole (4a) and a second flow through hole (5a), so that the first flow through hole (4a), the hollow inner cavity of the test sample (1) and the second flow through hole (5a) are sequentially communicated;
the measuring system is provided with a strain gauge (3) and a data processing module; the strain gauge (3) is stuck on the surface of the middle section (2-3), and the data processing module can receive the strain amount measured by the strain gauge (3);
step two, immersing the test sample (1), the metal rod core (2), the fixing mechanism and the strain gauge (3) which are assembled in the step one into a test solution, and filling the hollow inner cavity of the test sample (1) with the test solution through the first flow through hole (4a) and the second flow through hole (5a) so as to enable the test sample (1) to expand under the erosion of the test solution;
and step three, continuously receiving the strain measured by the strain gauge (3) by using the data processing module so as to continuously and automatically calculate the expansion stress of the measured cement-based material according to the following formula:
σ＝E·ξstrain gauge·AStainless steel bar/ATest specimen[ formula one]；
Wherein σ represents the expansion stress of the cement-based material under test, E is the modulus of elasticity of the metal rod core (2), ξStrain gaugeRepresents the amount of strain, A, measured by the strain gauge (3)Stainless steel barIs the cross-sectional area of the middle section (2-3), ATest specimenIs the cross-sectional area of the test sample (1).
2. The method for measuring the micro-expansion stress of the cement-based material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the measuring system is provided with two strain gauges (3), and the two strain gauges (3) are arranged on the surfaces of the middle sections (2-3) in a back-to-back mode;
and in the third step, the data processing module calculates expansion stress according to the strain measured by the two strain gauges (3) according to the formula I, and then the average value of the two expansion stresses obtained by calculation is used as the expansion stress of the measured cement-based material.
3. The method for measuring the micro-expansion stress of the cement-based material according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the cross section of the test sample (1) is a circular ring-shaped surface; the cross section of the metal rod core (2) at any position is a circular surface, the first end section (2-1) and the second end section (2-5) are symmetrically arranged by taking the central cross section of the middle section (2-3) as a symmetrical plane, and the first transition section (2-2) and the second transition section (2-4) are symmetrically arranged by taking the central cross section of the middle section (2-3) as a symmetrical plane; the test sample (1) is coaxial with the metal rod core (2); the distance between the two strain gauges (3) and the central cross section of the middle section (2-3) is equal.
4. A method for measuring the micro-expansion stress of a cement-based material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the test solution is a sulfate solution; the test specimen (1) has a wall thickness of between 2.5mm and 5 mm.
5. The method for measuring the micro-expansion stress of the cement-based material according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the test sample (1) is a hollow round tube with an outer diameter of 30mm, an inner diameter of 25mm and a height of 70 mm.
6. A method for measuring the micro-expansion stress of a cement-based material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the surface of the strain gauge (3) is coated with an impermeable coating.
7. A method for measuring the micro-expansion stress of a cement-based material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the metal rod core (2) is made of corrosion-resistant metal materials.
8. A method for measuring the micro-expansion stress of a cement-based material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the fixing mechanism comprises a first cover plate (4), a second cover plate (5), a first nut (6) and a second nut (7); the first cover plate (4) and the second cover plate (5) are both provided with central through holes, the first circulation hole (4a) is formed in the first cover plate (4), and the second circulation hole (5a) is formed in the second cover plate (5); the first cover plate (4) and the second cover plate (5) are respectively positioned at two side end positions of the test sample (1), a first end section (2-1) of the metal rod core (2) penetrates through a central through hole of the first cover plate (4) to extend outwards, and a second end section (2-5) of the metal rod core (2) penetrates through a central through hole of the second cover plate (5) to extend outwards; and the parts of the first end section (2-1) and the second end section (2-5) which extend outwards are provided with external threads, the first nut (6) is screwed on the external threads of the first end section (2-1) to press and fix the first cover plate (4) on one side end part of the test sample (1), and the second nut (7) is screwed on the external threads of the second end section (2-5) to press and fix the second cover plate (5) on the other side end part of the test sample (1).
9. The method for measuring the micro-expansion stress of the cement-based material according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a plurality of first flow through holes (4a) are formed in the first cover plate (4), and the first flow through holes (4a) are uniformly arranged around the central through hole of the first cover plate (4) at intervals; the second cover plate (5) is provided with a plurality of second flow through holes (5a), and the second flow through holes (5a) surround the central through holes of the second cover plate (5) and are uniformly arranged at intervals.
10. The method for measuring the micro-expansion stress of the cement-based material according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the first cover plate (4) and the second cover plate (5) are both made of stainless steel materials.
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