CN111349846A - Production method of high-strength and high-toughness spring flat steel - Google Patents
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
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Abstract
The invention discloses a production method of a high-strength and high-toughness spring flat steel, which comprises the following steps of 1, designing the chemical component percentage content of the spring flat steel: c: 0.46-0.54, Si: 0.18-0.45, Mn: 0.65-1.05, Cr: 0.80-1.15, V: 0.04-0.12, Mo: 0.10-0.30, Nb: 0.015-0.06, Ni: less than or equal to 0.20, Cu: less than or equal to 0.20, P: less than or equal to 0.025, S: less than or equal to 0.020; smelting in a converter: (1) an end point control target; (2) the target time t of 150t of steel tapping is more than or equal to 4.5min, the LF refining time is not less than 40min, the white slag refining time is not less than 15 min, the calcium line is fed into a furnace with the thickness of 150-; continuous casting pouring: two sections of electromagnetic stirring are adopted, and the electromagnetic stirring of the crystallizer and the electromagnetic stirring of the tail end are adopted; the control target of the superheat degree of the tundish is as follows: the temperature of the first furnace is less than or equal to 80 ℃, and the continuous casting heat is 10-35 ℃; and (5) carrying out small-size rolling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a production method of high-strength and high-toughness spring flat steel.
Background
Springs are one of the important parts of a motor vehicle, which are used to bear the weight of the upper part of the vehicle or to act as a buffer. The spring flat steel has a severe use environment, and the quality of the spring flat steel is directly related to the performance driving safety of a motor vehicle in the use process. Therefore, the requirements on the strength, the fatigue limit and the impact toughness of the spring flat steel are higher. The prior adopted production process is as follows: the production process of converter smelting, LF refining, continuous casting and continuous rolling has the advantages that the yield of the spring flat steel is gradually improved, and the steel grades for producing the spring flat steel mainly comprise 60Si2Mn, 50CrVA, SUP9, SUP9A, 51CrV4, 52CrMnA and the like. With the continuous development of the mechanical industry, spring steel is widely used for transportation tools such as airplanes, railway vehicles, automobiles, tractors and the like and various devices such as engineering machinery and the like, and has higher requirements on the comprehensive performance of the spring steel, so that the high strength and the high toughness are both required to be met. Only one of the steel grades listed in the national standard GB/T1222-2016 spring steel can fully satisfy the above requirements, and the grade is 40SiMnVBE, which has been granted patent and protected by patent. In addition, the grades of which the tensile strength and the yield strength can meet the requirements are 60Si2Mn, 60Si2Cr, 56Si2MnCr, 55SiCrV, 60Si2CrV and 60Si2MnCrV, but the expansion rate after fracture or the expansion rate of the section can not meet the requirements; and the expansion rate (%) after fracture meets the required mark, and the tensile strength and the yield strength of the product can not meet the requirements.
The composition design is the premise and the basis of product development, relevant data (metallic materials and heat treatment compiled by Schmidge of Shanghai university, Shanghai science and technology Press) are consulted, and the effects of main chemical elements in steel are analyzed as follows.
The alloy spring steel has the following chemical components:
① to ensure high elastic limit and fatigue limit, the spring steel has carbon content higher than that of quenched and tempered steel, carbon is the main strengthening element, carbon dissolves in steel to form interstitial solid solution to strengthen solid solution, and it forms carbide with strong carbide forming element to precipitate to strengthen precipitate, generally 0.45-0.70%.
② elements mainly containing Si and Mn are added to increase hardenability, and at the same time, yield ratio is increased, ferrite matrix is strengthened and tempering stability is improved.
③ Cr, W and V are added as auxiliary alloy elements to overcome the defects (overheating and graphitization tendency) of Si and Mn steel.
Vanadium, niobium and titanium strongly prevent austenite grains from growing and play a role in refining the grains. On the one hand they refine the grains and increase the yield strength of the steel and on the other hand they increase the tensile strength in the solid solution base metal. However, titanium is relatively active and is easily oxidized, and the titanium element is not considered for the moment.
(5) Phosphorus, sulfur and residual elements
Harmful elements such as phosphorus, sulfur and the like, the lower the content is, the better the content is; the content of residual elements of copper and nickel in the steel is not more than 0.20 percent.
By combining the analysis, the strength and toughness of the spring flat steel can be improved by selecting common alloy elements to be added into the steel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a production method of high-strength and high-toughness spring flat steel, which can produce novel grades of spring flat steel with high-strength and high-toughness requirements and enriches the varieties of the spring flat steel.
The invention aims to realize the production method of the high-strength and high-toughness flat spring steel, and 1, the design of the percentage content of the chemical components of the flat spring steel is as follows: c: 0.46-0.54, Si: 0.18-0.45, Mn: 0.65-1.05, Cr: 0.80-1.15, V: 0.04-0.12, Mo: 0.10-0.30, Nb: 0.015-0.06, Ni: less than or equal to 0.20, Cu: less than or equal to 0.20, P: less than or equal to 0.025, S: less than or equal to 0.020; 2. the process flow comprises the following steps: 150t converter-150 t LF refining-square billet continuous casting-small rolling-inspection-marking-warehousing; 3. smelting in a converter: (1) end point control target: [C] more than or equal to 0.10 percent, less than or equal to 0.010 percent of P, and less than or equal to 0.020 percent of S; (2) the target time t of 150t tapping is more than or equal to 4.5min, slag is stopped and tapped, the slag quantity is strictly controlled, and the thickness of a slag layer is less than or equal to 100 mm; (3) the deoxidizer after the furnace is selected from calcium carbide, aluminum iron and silicon calcium barium, and can be finely adjusted according to the actual field; (4) alloy selection: alloying silicon-manganese alloy, ferrosilicon, ferroaluminum, ferrovanadium, ferrochromium, ferromolybdenum, ferroniobium and the like; 4. LF refining: the LF refining time is not less than 40min, the white slag refining time is not less than 15 min, the calcium line is fed into the furnace at the speed of 150-; 5, continuous casting and pouring: (1) the continuous casting needs to be carried out with whole-course protection pouring, a large ladle long water gap and a middle ladle immersed water gap are protected by adopting a sealing gasket and argon sealing, and open pouring is strictly forbidden; (2) the new ladle and the minor repair ladle cannot be used for a first furnace for continuous casting; (3) two sections of electromagnetic stirring are adopted, and the electromagnetic stirring of the crystallizer and the electromagnetic stirring of the tail end are adopted; (4) the control target of the superheat degree of the tundish is as follows: the temperature of the first furnace is less than or equal to 80 ℃, and the continuous casting heat is 10-35 ℃; (5) the highest drawing speed of continuous casting: not more than 2.4 m/min; 6. and (3) small rolling:
(1) the permissible deviations of the cross-sectional dimensions of the flat steel are as follows:
note: r is only controlled on the hole pattern, and acceptance conditions are not made;
(2) the bending of the flat steel per meter length is as follows: bending direction: side bending, bending degree is less than or equal to 3.0mm, and bending direction is as follows: flat bending, the bending degree is less than or equal to 5.0.
The method has the following effects:
according to the technical scheme, the mechanical property detection results of the produced spring flat steels with the specifications of 28 × 90 and 31 × 90 are shown in tables 1-4.
The surface of the spring flat steel has no defects of cracks, folding, scabbing, inclusion and the like.
Chemical composition of
4 batches of steel are produced, the batches are respectively 18C01599, 18C03459, 18C03460 and 18C03461, and the chemical components all reach the design range.
Mechanical properties of the composition
The results of the mechanical property measurements are shown in Table 1.
The detection indexes of the size, the surface quality, the macroscopic factor, the inclusion, the austenite grain size, the decarburized layer and the like all reach the national standard of GB/T1222-2016 spring steel, and are shown in tables 2-4.
A. The B, C, D-type inclusions belong to sulfides, aluminas, silicates, and spherical oxides, respectively.
3. Fatigue test
The fatigue life is an important parameter of the capability of the spring flat steel for bearing alternating working stress, the GB/T1222 national standard does not provide the requirement of the specific fatigue life for the spring flat steel, but the minimum requirement of domestic users is not less than 8 ten thousand times, individual factories provide the target of more than 10 ten thousand times of fatigue life in advance, the newly developed spring flat steel is subjected to a fatigue life test, the spring flat steel with the specification of 31 × 90 is subjected to stress shot blasting treatment, and the fatigue is 13-15 ten thousand times.
From all the detection results, the spring flat steel produced according to the requirements of the invention can meet the performance requirements of high strength and high toughness.
Detailed Description
A production method of high-strength and high-toughness spring flat steel comprises the following steps of 1, designing the spring flat steel according to the chemical component percentage: c: 0.48-0.52, Si: 0.27-0.37, Mn: 0.85-1.00, Cr: 0.91-1.05, V: 0.09-0.10, Mo: 0.18-0.24, Nb: 0.03-0.05, Ni: less than or equal to 0.20, Cu: less than or equal to 0.20, P: less than or equal to 0.025, S: less than or equal to 0.020; 2. the process flow comprises the following steps: 150t converter-150 t LF refining-square billet continuous casting-small rolling-inspection-marking-warehousing; 3. smelting in a converter: (1) end point control target: [C] more than or equal to 0.10 percent, less than or equal to 0.010 percent of P, and less than or equal to 0.020 percent of S; (2) the target time t of 150t tapping is more than or equal to 4.5min, slag is stopped and tapped, the slag quantity is strictly controlled, and the thickness of a slag layer is less than or equal to 100 mm; (3) the deoxidizer after the furnace is selected from calcium carbide, aluminum iron and silicon calcium barium, and can be finely adjusted according to the actual field; (4) alloy selection: alloying silicon-manganese alloy, ferrosilicon, ferroaluminum, ferrovanadium, ferrochromium, ferromolybdenum, ferroniobium and the like; 4. LF refining: the LF refining time is 60min, the white slag refining time is 25 min, the calcium line feeding is 150-300 m/furnace, and the soft blowing time is 20 min; 5, continuous casting and pouring: (1) the continuous casting needs to be carried out with whole-course protection pouring, a large ladle long water gap and a middle ladle immersed water gap are protected by adopting a sealing gasket and argon sealing, and open pouring is strictly forbidden; (2) the new ladle and the minor repair ladle cannot be used for a first furnace for continuous casting; (3) two sections of electromagnetic stirring are adopted, and the electromagnetic stirring of the crystallizer and the electromagnetic stirring of the tail end are adopted; (4) the control target of the superheat degree of the tundish is as follows: the temperature of the first furnace is less than or equal to 80 ℃, and the continuous casting heat is 10-35 ℃; (5) the highest drawing speed of continuous casting: not more than 2.4 m/min; 6. and (3) small rolling:
(1) the permissible deviations of the cross-sectional dimensions of the flat steel are as follows:
note: r is only controlled on the hole pattern, and acceptance conditions are not made;
(2) the bending of the flat steel per meter length is as follows: bending direction: side bending, bending degree is less than or equal to 3.0mm, and bending direction is as follows: flat bending, the bending degree is less than or equal to 5.0.
Claims (1)
1. A production method of high-strength and high-toughness spring flat steel is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1. the spring flat steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c: 0.46-0.54, Si: 0.18-0.45, Mn: 0.65-1.05, Cr: 0.80-1.15, V: 0.04-0.12, Mo: 0.10-0.30, Nb: 0.015-0.06, Ni: less than or equal to 0.20, Cu: less than or equal to 0.20, P: less than or equal to 0.025, S: less than or equal to 0.020; 2. the process flow comprises the following steps: 150t converter-150 t LF refining-square billet continuous casting-small rolling-inspection-marking-warehousing; 3. smelting in a converter: (1) end point control target: [C] more than or equal to 0.10 percent, less than or equal to 0.010 percent of P, and less than or equal to 0.020 percent of S; (2) the target time t of 150t tapping is more than or equal to 4.5min, slag is stopped and tapped, the slag quantity is strictly controlled, and the thickness of a slag layer is less than or equal to 100 mm; (3) the deoxidizer after the furnace is selected from calcium carbide, aluminum iron and silicon calcium barium, and can be finely adjusted according to the actual field; (4) alloy selection: alloying silicon-manganese alloy, ferrosilicon, ferroaluminum, ferrovanadium, ferrochromium, ferromolybdenum, ferroniobium and the like; 4. LF refining: the LF refining time is not less than 40min, the white slag refining time is not less than 15 min, the calcium line is fed into the furnace at the speed of 150-; 5, continuous casting and pouring: (1) the continuous casting needs to be carried out with whole-course protection pouring, a large ladle long water gap and a middle ladle immersed water gap are protected by adopting a sealing gasket and argon sealing, and open pouring is strictly forbidden; (2) the new ladle and the minor repair ladle cannot be used for a first furnace for continuous casting; (3) two sections of electromagnetic stirring are adopted, and the electromagnetic stirring of the crystallizer and the electromagnetic stirring of the tail end are adopted; (4) the control target of the superheat degree of the tundish is as follows: the temperature of the first furnace is less than or equal to 80 ℃, and the continuous casting heat is 10-35 ℃; (5) the highest drawing speed of continuous casting: not more than 2.4 m/min; 6. and (3) small rolling: the permissible deviations of the cross-sectional dimensions of the flat steel are as follows:
，
note: r is only controlled on the hole pattern, and acceptance conditions are not made; (2) the bending of the flat steel per meter length is as follows: bending direction: side bending, bending degree is less than or equal to 3.0mm, and bending direction is as follows: flat bending, the bending degree is less than or equal to 5.0.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111876679A (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2020-11-03 | 广东韶钢松山股份有限公司 | Chromium-vanadium hot-rolled steel wire rod and preparation method thereof, and preparation method of steel wire and hand tool |
| CN114058950A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-02-18 | 新疆八一钢铁股份有限公司 | Production process for improving quenching hardness of 50CrV elastic flat |
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| CN107177782A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-09-19 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | A kind of corrosion-resistant spring steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN109161803A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-01-08 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | A kind of 1550MPa grades of spring flat steel and its production method |
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| CN1487099A (en) * | 2003-07-30 | 2004-04-07 | 青岛钢铁控股集团有限责任公司 | Technological process of making flat spring steel for automobile |
| CN1693528A (en) * | 2005-05-27 | 2005-11-09 | 东风汽车悬架弹簧有限公司 | High toughness high hardenability spring steel material |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111876679A (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2020-11-03 | 广东韶钢松山股份有限公司 | Chromium-vanadium hot-rolled steel wire rod and preparation method thereof, and preparation method of steel wire and hand tool |
| CN114058950A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-02-18 | 新疆八一钢铁股份有限公司 | Production process for improving quenching hardness of 50CrV elastic flat |
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