CN111349504A - Water-based cutting fluid and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Water-based cutting fluid and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111349504A
CN111349504A CN201811572955.9A CN201811572955A CN111349504A CN 111349504 A CN111349504 A CN 111349504A CN 201811572955 A CN201811572955 A CN 201811572955A CN 111349504 A CN111349504 A CN 111349504A
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acid
parts
cutting fluid
water
dimer acid
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CN111349504B (en
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曹长海
李澜鹏
王宜迪
程瑾
李秀峥
彭绍忠
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Sinopec Dalian Petrochemical Research Institute Co ltd
China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Dalian Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/86—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms
    • C10M129/92—Carboxylic acids
    • C10M129/93—Carboxylic acids having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
    • C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/123—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms polycarboxylic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/124—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Ethers thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/22—Acids obtained from polymerised unsaturated acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/287—Partial esters
    • C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/223—Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/09—Heterocyclic compounds containing no sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a water-based cutting fluid and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: 0.5-3 parts of organic alcohol amine, 2-10 parts of tung oil dimer acid, 2-3 parts of preservative, 0.1-0.5 part of benzotriazole, 0.1-0.6 part of water softener and 82.9-95.3 parts of water. The invention also provides a preparation method of the water-based cutting fluid. The water-based cutting fluid provided by the invention has excellent lubricating, anti-corrosion and anti-rust effects, is an environment-friendly water-based cutting fluid, has good biodegradability, and is suitable for various grinding machine processing technologies. Compared with the existing cutting fluid, the cutting fluid has low solute mass content, and is environment-friendly and economical.

Description

Water-based cutting fluid and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cutting fluid, and particularly relates to a water-based cutting fluid and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Cutting fluid (coolant) is an industrial fluid used in metal cutting and grinding processes to cool and lubricate tools and workpieces. Modern machining develops towards high speed, strong force and precision, and the development of hard-to-machine materials such as super-hard materials, super-strength materials and the like also increases the difficulty of cutting machining increasingly. The reasons for the two aspects are that the friction force and the friction heat in the cutting process are greatly improved, and the metal working fluid is required to have better lubricating, cooling, cleaning and rust preventing properties so as to obtain an ideal working surface.
Mineral lubricating oil has excellent lubricating and antirust performances, but has poor cooling and cleaning performances and great environmental pollution; the emulsion and the water-based cutting fluid are excellent in cooling and cleaning properties, but poor in lubricating and rust-preventing properties. Besides all the properties of the emulsion, the lubricating, cooling and antirust properties of the water-based cutting fluid also meet or exceed the standard requirements of the emulsion. Therefore, water-based cutting fluids have become the development direction for improving machining performance in machining at home and abroad.
However, most of the water-based cutting fluids on the market at present use sodium nitrite, chromate and other substances as rust inhibitors and corrosion inhibitors, which are crystallized and precipitated after a period of time, are easily adsorbed on the metal surface to form lumps which are not easy to clean, and meanwhile, the waste liquid is difficult to treat and has carcinogenic effect on human beings, so that the country has limited or prohibited the use of the products; and the rust-proof corrosion inhibitors such as borate, benzoate, sebacic acid, urotropine and the like have low price, but have general rust-proof performance, large addition amount and low comprehensive cost performance, and have certain harm to users and environment.
CN 104357171A discloses a cutting fluid for gears, which is characterized in that: the traditional Chinese medicine composition is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6-14 parts of polyvinyl butyral resin, 3-8 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 2-6 parts of propylene glycol, 3-7 parts of xylene, 1-5 parts of sodium borate, 5-9 parts of p-nitrobenzoic acid, 4-6 parts of polyoxyethylene hexitol fatty acid ester, 2-5 parts of copper alloy corrosion inhibitor, 1-3 parts of organic boron, 2-7 parts of dimer acid and 2-8 parts of p-tert-butylbenzoic acid. The cutting fluid is prepared by using dimer acid and a plurality of reagents such as dimethylbenzene, sodium borate, p-toluenesulfonic acid, organic boron and the like, and has complex components and unfriendly environment.
CN103602428A discloses a high-temperature processing cutting fluid, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-6 parts of sodium carbonate, 3-9 parts of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid disodium, 2-5 parts of sodium borate, 3-9 parts of alkyl phosphoric acid, 3-4 parts of dimer acid, 15-25 parts of vegetable oil and 15-25 parts of mineral oil. The invention uses the dimer acid and the mineral oil in the formula, has poor biodegradability and great environmental pollution.
CN107164052A discloses a preparation method of organic amine aqueous microemulsion cutting fluid, firstly tetraethylammonium bromide, acetone, alkenyl succinic anhydride and dicumyl peroxide are used to prepare polyanhydride solution; adding isophorone diisocyanate into a fluoboric acid aqueous solution, mixing with polypropylene glycol, and adding stannous octoate and 1, 4-butanediol to obtain a fluoboric acid polyester solution; mixing the polyanhydride solution with the fluoboric acid polyester solution to obtain a hydrolyzed fluoboric acid polyester solution; mixing sodium myristate soap and sucrose acetate isobutyrate, and adding into thionyl chloride to obtain acyl chloride soap; adding acyl chloride soap into a hydrolytic fluoroboric acid polyester solution, and adding dibutyltin dilaurate, coconut diethanolamide and span 80 to obtain the organic amine aqueous micro-emulsified cutting fluid. The cutting fluid has complex components, and has stimulation effect on eyes, skin, mucosa and upper respiratory tract due to the existence of toxic substances such as fluoboric acid, stannous octoate and the like; is harmful to the environment and can cause pollution to water.
CN106833853A discloses a water-soluble cutting fluid, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: boric acid 4%, dodecanedioic acid 1%, benzotriazole 0.1%, triethanolamine 7%, monoisopropanolamine 4%, tall oil 6%, tetrapolyricinoleic acid 3%, sodium petroleum sulfonate 3%, mineral oil 36%, synthetic fat 5%, aluminum corrosion inhibitor 0.5%, MBM bactericide 2%, emulsifier 2% and water 26.4%, wherein the mineral oil is used in the formula, the biodegradability is poor, and in addition, as can be seen from the formula, the mass content of water in the cutting fluid is 26.4%, the mass content of other solutes is 78.6%, and the manufacturing cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a water-based cutting fluid which is non-toxic, environment-friendly, good in antirust performance and low in solute content and a preparation method thereof.
The invention provides a water-based cutting fluid which mainly comprises the following substances in parts by weight:
0.5-3 parts of organic alcohol amine, preferably 1-3 parts;
2-10 parts of tung oil dimer acid, preferably 4-8 parts;
2-3 parts of preservative, preferably 2-2.3 parts;
0.1-0.5 part of benzotriazole, preferably 0.2-0.4 part;
0.1-0.6 part of water softener, preferably 0.1-0.3 part;
water 82.9-95.3 parts, preferably 86.0-92.7 parts.
In the present invention, the organic alcohol amine is at least one of monoisopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, triisopropanolamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, etc., preferably triethanolamine.
In the invention, the tung oil dimer acid is dimer acid prepared by taking tung oil acid as a raw material. The specific preparation process can be as follows: tung oil acid is used as a raw material, stirring and nitrogen purging are carried out in the presence of a polymerization inhibitor, the temperature is increased to 180-class 230 ℃, reaction is carried out, a crude dimer acid product is obtained after the reaction is finished, and the tung oil dimer acid is obtained through two-stage molecular distillation. The polymerization inhibitor can be at least one of hydroquinone, p-benzoquinone, methyl hydroquinone, tert-butyl hydroquinone, phenothiazine and the like.
In the invention, the preservative is at least one of Sandan oil, nipagin ester, cason, sodium pyrithione and the like, and the nipagin ester is preferred.
In the invention, the water softener is at least one of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, sodium nitrilotriacetate, sodium gluconate, sodium citrate, sodium tartrate, sodium carboxymethyl succinate, polyacrylic acid and the like, and preferably, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the water-based cutting fluid, which comprises the following steps: firstly, mixing tung oil dimer acid and organic amine according to a ratio, heating to 100-150 ℃ for reaction, standing to room temperature, adding a preservative, benzotriazole and a water softener, fully stirring, finally adding water, stirring and filtering to obtain the fully-synthetic water-based cutting fluid.
In the present invention, the organic alcohol amine is at least one of monoisopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, triisopropanolamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, etc., preferably triethanolamine.
In the method, the tung oil dimer acid is prepared by taking tung oil acid as a raw material. The specific preparation process can be as follows: stirring eleostearic acid as a raw material in the presence of a polymerization inhibitor, simultaneously blowing nitrogen, heating to 180-class 230 ℃ for reaction, obtaining a crude dimer acid product after the reaction is finished, and obtaining the tung oil dimer acid through two-stage molecular distillation. The polymerization inhibitor is at least one of hydroquinone, p-benzoquinone, methyl hydroquinone, tert-butyl hydroquinone, phenothiazine and the like. In the product prepared by the invention, the molecular formula of the tung oil dimer acid is mainly C34H58(COOH)2Besides two carboxylate radicals, the carbon chain contains a flexible structure, and a rigid ring structure is mainly formed between double chains, so that the formation of a polymolecular layer is promoted through hydrophobic effect, and the extreme pressure lubricating grease has high lubricating property and antirust capability and better comprehensive performance.
In the method, the tung oil dimer acid and the organic amine are mixed according to the proportion, and then the temperature is raised to 150 ℃ for reaction at the temperature of 100-.
In the invention, the preservative can be at least one of Sandan oil, nipagin ester, cason, sodium pyrithione and the like, and the nipagin ester is preferred.
In the invention, the water softener can be at least one of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, sodium nitrilotriacetic acid, sodium gluconate, sodium citrate, sodium tartrate, sodium carboxymethyl succinate, polyacrylic acid and the like, and preferably, the ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid.
In the method of the present invention, the filtration is performed by a conventionally used filtration method such as mechanical filtration, membrane filtration, etc.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the components in the formula of the invention have synergistic effect, thereby playing roles of lubrication, corrosion prevention, rust prevention and the like, and the invention is a green environment-friendly fully-synthetic water-based cutting fluid which has good biodegradability and is suitable for various grinding machine processing techniques. Compared with the water-based cutting fluid disclosed by the prior art, the mass content of the solute (substances except water) is obviously reduced, and the water-based cutting fluid is environment-friendly and economical.
(2) Compared with other vegetable oil dimer acids, the tung oil dimer acid used in the formula of the invention has higher lubricity and antirust capability and better comprehensive performance.
(3) The tung oil dimer acid and the organic amine in the formula synergistically act to form an adsorption film, no additional lubricant, extreme pressure antiwear agent and the like are needed, no toxic substances such as borate, benzoate, sebacic acid, urotropine and the like are needed, and the problem that the cutting fluid containing sodium nitrite is agglomerated on the surface of metal in the using process is solved.
(4) The method of the invention firstly mixes the tung oil dimer acid and the organic amine according to the proportion and then carries out the heating reaction, and then adds other reagents after the temperature is reduced to the room temperature, and the obtained water-based cutting fluid has better service performance.
Detailed Description
The water-based cutting fluid provided by the present invention, and the preparation method and effects thereof will be further described below by way of examples. The embodiments are implemented on the premise of the technical scheme of the invention, and detailed implementation modes and specific operation processes are given, but the protection scope of the invention is not limited by the following embodiments.
The experimental procedures in the following examples are, unless otherwise specified, conventional in the art. The experimental materials used in the following examples were purchased from a conventional biochemical reagent store unless otherwise specified.
The content of dimer acid in the sample is determined by GPC, and the specific chromatographic conditions are as follows: shodex KF-801 gel chromatographic column, column temperature 35 deg.C, mobile phase tetrahydrofuran, flow rate 1mL/min, differential detector, detector temperature 40 deg.C, sample volume 50 mL.
Example 1
100g of commercial eleostearic acid (purchased from Anhui Rifen oil deep processing Co., Ltd., model: T160) is placed in a 250mL four-neck flask, 0.5g of tert-butyl hydroquinone is added at the same time, nitrogen purging is carried out for 30min, the stirring speed is 300rpm, the temperature is increased to 220 ℃, reaction is carried out for 4h, heating is stopped, and cooling is carried out in ice water to room temperature, so as to obtain a crude dimer acid product. Controlling the temperature of the molecular distillation apparatus to be 150 ℃ and the pressure to be less than or equal to 2Pa, and collecting heavy component products; the heavy component product is distilled again, the temperature of the molecular distillation instrument is controlled to be 250 ℃, the pressure is less than or equal to 2Pa, the outflow light component is tung oil dimer acid, and the content of the dimer acid is more than or equal to 98 percent.
Firstly, mixing 4 parts of tung oil dimer acid and 1 part of triethanolamine, heating to 110 ℃ for reaction, stirring until the mixture is dissolved and transparent, standing to room temperature, adding 2 parts of nipagin ester, 0.2 part of benzotriazole and 0.1 part of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, fully stirring, finally adding 92.7 parts of water, stirring and filtering to obtain the fully-synthetic water-based cutting fluid.
Example 2
100g of commercial eleostearic acid (purchased from Anhui Rifen oil deep processing Co., Ltd., model: T160) is placed in a 250mL four-neck flask, 0.5g of tert-butyl hydroquinone is added at the same time, nitrogen purging is carried out for 30min, the stirring speed is 300rpm, the temperature is increased to 220 ℃, reaction is carried out for 4h, heating is stopped, and cooling is carried out in ice water to room temperature, so as to obtain a crude dimer acid product. Controlling the temperature of the molecular distillation apparatus to be 150 ℃ and the pressure to be less than or equal to 2Pa, and collecting heavy component products; the heavy component product is distilled again, the temperature of the molecular distillation instrument is controlled to be 250 ℃, the pressure is less than or equal to 2Pa, the outflow light component is tung oil dimer acid, and the content of the dimer acid is more than or equal to 98 percent.
Firstly, 8 parts of tung oil dimer acid and 3 parts of triethanolamine are mixed, the mixture is heated to 130 ℃ for reaction, the mixture is stirred until the mixture is dissolved and transparent, the mixture is placed to the room temperature, then 2.3 parts of nipagin ester, 0.4 part of benzotriazole and 0.3 part of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid are added, the mixture is fully stirred, finally 86 parts of water is added, and the fully-synthetic water-based cutting fluid is obtained after stirring and filtering.
Example 3
100g of commercial eleostearic acid (purchased from Anhui Rifen oil deep processing Co., Ltd., model: T160) is placed in a 250mL four-neck flask, 0.5g of tert-butyl hydroquinone is added at the same time, nitrogen purging is carried out for 30min, the stirring speed is 300rpm, the temperature is increased to 220 ℃, reaction is carried out for 4h, heating is stopped, and cooling is carried out in ice water to room temperature, so as to obtain a crude dimer acid product. Controlling the temperature of the molecular distillation apparatus to be 150 ℃ and the pressure to be less than or equal to 2Pa, and collecting heavy component products; the heavy component product is distilled again, the temperature of the molecular distillation instrument is controlled to be 250 ℃, the pressure is less than or equal to 2Pa, the outflow light component is tung oil dimer acid, and the content of the dimer acid is more than or equal to 98 percent.
Firstly, mixing 2 parts of tung oil dimer acid and 3 parts of triethanolamine, heating to 120 ℃ for reaction, stirring until the mixture is dissolved and transparent, placing the mixture to room temperature, then adding 3 parts of nipagin ester, 0.1 part of benzotriazole and 0.1 part of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, fully stirring, finally adding 91.8 parts of water, stirring and filtering to obtain the fully-synthetic water-based cutting fluid.
Example 4
100g of commercial eleostearic acid (purchased from Anhui Rifen oil deep processing Co., Ltd., model: T160) is placed in a 250mL four-neck flask, 0.5g of tert-butyl hydroquinone is added at the same time, nitrogen purging is carried out for 30min, the stirring speed is 300rpm, the temperature is increased to 220 ℃, reaction is carried out for 4h, heating is stopped, and cooling is carried out in ice water to room temperature, so as to obtain a crude dimer acid product. Controlling the temperature of the molecular distillation apparatus to be 150 ℃ and the pressure to be less than or equal to 2Pa, and collecting heavy component products; the heavy component product is distilled again, the temperature of the molecular distillation instrument is controlled to be 250 ℃, the pressure is less than or equal to 2Pa, the outflow light component is tung oil dimer acid, and the content of the dimer acid is more than or equal to 98 percent.
Firstly, 10 parts of tung oil dimer acid and 0.5 part of triethanolamine are mixed, the mixture is heated to 120 ℃ for reaction, the mixture is stirred until the mixture is dissolved and transparent, the mixture is placed to the room temperature, 2 parts of nipagin ester, 0.5 part of benzotriazole and 0.6 part of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid are added, the mixture is fully stirred, and finally 86.4 parts of water is added, and the fully-synthetic water-based cutting fluid is obtained after the stirring and the filtering.
Example 5
100g of commercial eleostearic acid (purchased from Anhui Rifen oil deep processing Co., Ltd., model: T160) is placed in a 250mL four-neck flask, 0.5g of tert-butyl hydroquinone is added at the same time, nitrogen purging is carried out for 30min, the stirring speed is 300rpm, the temperature is increased to 220 ℃, reaction is carried out for 4h, heating is stopped, and cooling is carried out in ice water to room temperature, so as to obtain a crude dimer acid product. Controlling the temperature of the molecular distillation apparatus to be 150 ℃ and the pressure to be less than or equal to 2Pa, and collecting heavy component products; the heavy component product is distilled again, the temperature of the molecular distillation instrument is controlled to be 250 ℃, the pressure is less than or equal to 2Pa, the outflow light component is tung oil dimer acid, and the content of the dimer acid is more than or equal to 98 percent.
Firstly, mixing 4 parts of tung oil dimer acid and 1 part of triisopropanolamine, heating to 110 ℃ for reaction, stirring until the mixture is dissolved and transparent, standing to room temperature, adding 2 parts of nipagin ester, 0.2 part of benzotriazole and 0.1 part of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, fully stirring, finally adding 92.7 parts of water, stirring and filtering to obtain the fully-synthetic water-based cutting fluid.
Example 6
100g of commercial eleostearic acid (purchased from Anhui Rifen oil deep processing Co., Ltd., model: T160) is placed in a 250mL four-neck flask, 0.5g of tert-butyl hydroquinone is added at the same time, nitrogen purging is carried out for 30min, the stirring speed is 300rpm, the temperature is increased to 220 ℃, reaction is carried out for 4h, heating is stopped, and cooling is carried out in ice water to room temperature, so as to obtain a crude dimer acid product. Controlling the temperature of the molecular distillation apparatus to be 150 ℃ and the pressure to be less than or equal to 2Pa, and collecting heavy component products; the heavy component product is distilled again, the temperature of the molecular distillation instrument is controlled to be 250 ℃, the pressure is less than or equal to 2Pa, the outflow light component is tung oil dimer acid, and the content of the dimer acid is more than or equal to 98 percent.
Firstly, mixing 4 parts of tung oil dimer acid and 1 part of ethanolamine, heating to 110 ℃ for reaction, stirring until the components are dissolved and transparent, standing to room temperature, adding 2 parts of nipagin ester, 0.2 part of benzotriazole and 0.1 part of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, fully stirring, finally adding 92.7 parts of water, stirring and filtering to obtain the fully-synthetic water-based cutting fluid.
Example 7
100g of commercial eleostearic acid (purchased from Anhui Rifen oil deep processing Co., Ltd., model: T160) is placed in a 250mL four-neck flask, 0.5g of tert-butyl hydroquinone is added at the same time, nitrogen purging is carried out for 30min, the stirring speed is 300rpm, the temperature is increased to 220 ℃, reaction is carried out for 4h, heating is stopped, and cooling is carried out in ice water to room temperature, so as to obtain a crude dimer acid product. Controlling the temperature of the molecular distillation apparatus to be 150 ℃ and the pressure to be less than or equal to 2Pa, and collecting heavy component products; the heavy component product is distilled again, the temperature of the molecular distillation instrument is controlled to be 250 ℃, the pressure is less than or equal to 2Pa, the outflow light component is tung oil dimer acid, and the content of the dimer acid is more than or equal to 98 percent.
Firstly, mixing 4 parts of tung oil dimer acid and 1 part of triethanolamine, heating to 110 ℃ for reaction, stirring until the mixture is dissolved and transparent, placing the mixture to room temperature, then adding 2 parts of trident oil, 0.2 part of benzotriazole and 0.1 part of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, fully stirring, finally adding 92.7 parts of water, stirring and filtering to obtain the fully-synthetic water-based cutting fluid.
Example 8
100g of commercial eleostearic acid (purchased from Anhui Rifen oil deep processing Co., Ltd., model: T160) is placed in a 250mL four-neck flask, 0.5g of tert-butyl hydroquinone is added at the same time, nitrogen purging is carried out for 30min, the stirring speed is 300rpm, the temperature is increased to 220 ℃, reaction is carried out for 4h, heating is stopped, and cooling is carried out in ice water to room temperature, so as to obtain a crude dimer acid product. Controlling the temperature of the molecular distillation apparatus to be 150 ℃ and the pressure to be less than or equal to 2Pa, and collecting heavy component products; the heavy component product is distilled again, the temperature of the molecular distillation instrument is controlled to be 250 ℃, the pressure is less than or equal to 2Pa, the outflow light component is tung oil dimer acid, and the content of the dimer acid is more than or equal to 98 percent.
Firstly, mixing 4 parts of tung oil dimer acid and 1 part of triethanolamine, heating to 110 ℃ for reaction, stirring until the mixture is dissolved and transparent, placing the mixture to room temperature, then adding 2 parts of sodium pyrithione, 0.2 part of benzotriazole and 0.1 part of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, fully stirring, finally adding 92.7 parts of water, stirring and filtering to obtain the fully-synthetic water-based cutting fluid.
Example 9
100g of commercial eleostearic acid (purchased from Anhui Rifen oil deep processing Co., Ltd., model: T160) is placed in a 250mL four-neck flask, 0.5g of tert-butyl hydroquinone is added at the same time, nitrogen purging is carried out for 30min, the stirring speed is 300rpm, the temperature is increased to 220 ℃, reaction is carried out for 4h, heating is stopped, and cooling is carried out in ice water to room temperature, so as to obtain a crude dimer acid product. Controlling the temperature of the molecular distillation apparatus to be 150 ℃ and the pressure to be less than or equal to 2Pa, and collecting heavy component products; the heavy component product is distilled again, the temperature of the molecular distillation instrument is controlled to be 250 ℃, the pressure is less than or equal to 2Pa, the outflow light component is tung oil dimer acid, and the content of the dimer acid is more than or equal to 98 percent.
Firstly, mixing 4 parts of tung oil dimer acid and 1 part of triethanolamine, heating to 110 ℃ for reaction, stirring until the mixture is dissolved and transparent, standing to room temperature, adding 2 parts of nipagin ester, 0.2 part of benzotriazole and 0.1 part of sodium nitrilotriacetate, fully stirring, finally adding 92.7 parts of water, stirring and filtering to obtain the fully-synthetic water-based cutting fluid.
Example 10
100g of commercial eleostearic acid (purchased from Anhui Rifen oil deep processing Co., Ltd., model: T160) is placed in a 250mL four-neck flask, 0.5g of tert-butyl hydroquinone is added at the same time, nitrogen purging is carried out for 30min, the stirring speed is 300rpm, the temperature is increased to 220 ℃, reaction is carried out for 4h, heating is stopped, and cooling is carried out in ice water to room temperature, so as to obtain a crude dimer acid product. Controlling the temperature of the molecular distillation apparatus to be 150 ℃ and the pressure to be less than or equal to 2Pa, and collecting heavy component products; the heavy component product is distilled again, the temperature of the molecular distillation instrument is controlled to be 250 ℃, the pressure is less than or equal to 2Pa, the outflow light component is tung oil dimer acid, and the content of the dimer acid is more than or equal to 98 percent.
Firstly, mixing 4 parts of tung oil dimer acid and 1 part of triethanolamine, heating to 110 ℃ for reaction, stirring until the mixture is dissolved and transparent, standing to room temperature, adding 2 parts of nipagin ester, 0.2 part of benzotriazole and 0.1 part of sodium tartrate, fully stirring, finally adding 92.7 parts of water, stirring and filtering to obtain the fully-synthetic water-based cutting fluid.
Example 11
100g of commercial eleostearic acid (purchased from Anhui Rifen oil deep processing Co., Ltd., model: T160) is placed in a 250mL four-neck flask, 0.5g of tert-butyl hydroquinone is added at the same time, nitrogen purging is carried out for 30min, the stirring speed is 300rpm, the temperature is increased to 220 ℃, reaction is carried out for 4h, heating is stopped, and cooling is carried out in ice water to room temperature, so as to obtain a crude dimer acid product. Controlling the temperature of the molecular distillation apparatus to be 150 ℃ and the pressure to be less than or equal to 2Pa, and collecting heavy component products; the heavy component product is distilled again, the temperature of the molecular distillation instrument is controlled to be 250 ℃, the pressure is less than or equal to 2Pa, the outflow light component is tung oil dimer acid, and the content of the dimer acid is more than or equal to 98 percent.
Firstly, mixing 4 parts of tung oil dimer acid and 1 part of triethanolamine, heating to 110 ℃ for reaction, stirring until the mixture is dissolved and transparent, standing to room temperature, adding 2 parts of nipagin ester, 0.2 part of benzotriazole and 0.1 part of sodium carboxymethyl succinate, fully stirring, finally adding 92.7 parts of water, stirring and filtering to obtain the fully-synthetic water-based cutting fluid.
Example 12
Eleostearic acid is prepared by adopting the following method: adding 7.8g KOH, 70mL methanol and 35mL water into a 250mL three-neck flask, stirring and heating to 75 ℃, adding 34.9g tung oil, refluxing and reacting for 1.5H, and then adding 2mol/L H2SO4Adjusting the pH value of a reaction system to 2, preserving heat for 0.5h, then performing reduced pressure distillation at 0.08MPa to recover a solvent methanol, adding 17.45g of petroleum ether for extraction, performing static separation, then performing acid removal washing for multiple times by using hot water, performing static separation, and removing the petroleum ether and a small amount of water by reduced pressure distillation at 0.15MPa to obtain eleostearic acid with the acid value of 194.6mgKOH/g and the iodine value of 157.2g/100 g.
And (3) putting 100g of eleostearic acid into a 250mL four-neck flask, simultaneously adding 0.5g of tert-butylhydroquinone, purging with nitrogen for 30min, stirring at the speed of 300rpm, heating to 220 ℃, reacting for 4h, stopping heating, and cooling to room temperature in ice water to obtain a crude dimer acid product. Controlling the temperature of the molecular distillation apparatus to be 150 ℃ and the pressure to be less than or equal to 2Pa, and collecting heavy component products; the heavy component product is distilled again, the temperature of the molecular distillation instrument is controlled to be 250 ℃, the pressure is less than or equal to 2Pa, the outflow light component is tung oil dimer acid, and the content of the dimer acid is more than or equal to 98 percent.
Firstly, mixing 4 parts of tung oil dimer acid and 1 part of triethanolamine, heating to 110 ℃ for reaction, stirring until the mixture is dissolved and transparent, standing to room temperature, adding 2 parts of nipagin ester, 0.2 part of benzotriazole and 0.1 part of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, fully stirring, finally adding 92.7 parts of water, stirring and filtering to obtain the fully-synthetic water-based cutting fluid.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that: dimer acid prepared using soy oleic acid. 40g of commercial soybean oleic acid is put into a 100ml high-pressure reaction kettle, and 4g of activated clay and 0.1g of Li are added into the reaction kettle2CO3Purging 0.4g of water and nitrogen for 30min, stirring at the speed of 300rpm, heating to 260 ℃ for reaction for 5h, stopping heating, and cooling in ice water to room temperature to obtain a crude dimer acid product. Molecular distillation apparatus control temperature 150Collecting heavy component product at the temperature of less than or equal to 2 Pa; the heavy component product is distilled again, the temperature of the molecular distillation instrument is controlled to be 250 ℃, the pressure is less than or equal to 2Pa, the outflow light component is the soybean oil dimer acid, and the content of the dimer acid is more than or equal to 98 percent.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that: dimer acid prepared using cottonseed oil acid. 40g of cottonseed oil acid is put into a 100ml high-pressure reaction kettle, and 4g of activated clay and 0.1g of Li are added simultaneously2CO3Purging 0.4g of water and nitrogen for 30min, stirring at the speed of 300rpm, heating to 260 ℃ for reaction for 5h, stopping heating, and cooling in ice water to room temperature to obtain a crude dimer acid product. Controlling the temperature of the molecular distillation apparatus to be 150 ℃ and the pressure to be less than or equal to 2Pa, and collecting heavy component products; and distilling the heavy component product again, controlling the temperature of a molecular distillation instrument to be 250 ℃ and the pressure to be less than or equal to 2Pa, and obtaining the outflow light component which is the cottonseed oil dimer acid, wherein the content of the dimer acid is more than or equal to 98 percent.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is that: organic alcohol amine is not used in the components.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 1 is that: the components are directly mixed and then reacted at 110 ℃.
The water-based cutting fluids prepared in the above examples and comparative examples were subjected to performance tests in accordance with GB/T6144-2010, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
As can be seen from Table 1, the water-based cutting fluid provided by the method of the present invention has the performance meeting the use requirements, and is low in solute content, environmentally friendly and economical. The maximum non-seizing load is obviously higher than that of the comparative example, which shows that the lubricating performance of the cutting fluid is better.

Claims (13)

1. A water-based cutting fluid characterized by comprising: based on the weight portion, the weight ratio of the components,
0.5-3 parts of organic alcohol amine, preferably 1-3 parts;
2-10 parts of tung oil dimer acid, preferably 4-8 parts;
2-3 parts of preservative, preferably 2-2.3 parts;
0.1-0.5 part of benzotriazole, preferably 0.2-0.4 part;
0.1-0.6 part of water softener, preferably 0.1-0.3 part;
water 82.9-95.3 parts, preferably 86.0-92.7 parts.
2. The cutting fluid according to claim 1, wherein: the organic alcohol amine is at least one of monoisopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, triisopropanolamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine, and preferably triethanolamine.
3. The cutting fluid according to claim 1, wherein: the tung oil dimer acid is a dimer acid prepared by taking tung oil acid as a raw material.
4. The cutting fluid according to claim 1, wherein: the preparation process of the tung oil dimer acid comprises the following steps: tung oil acid is used as a raw material, stirring and nitrogen purging are carried out in the presence of a polymerization inhibitor, the temperature is increased to 180-class 230 ℃, reaction is carried out, a crude dimer acid product is obtained after the reaction is finished, and the tung oil dimer acid is obtained through two-stage molecular distillation.
5. The cutting fluid according to claim 4, wherein: the polymerization inhibitor is at least one of hydroquinone, p-benzoquinone, methyl hydroquinone, tert-butyl hydroquinone and phenothiazine, and is preferably tert-butyl hydroquinone or/and phenothiazine.
6. The cutting fluid according to claim 1, wherein: the preservative is at least one of Sandan oil, nipagin ester, casone, sodium pyrithione and the like, and the nipagin ester is preferred.
7. The cutting fluid according to claim 1, wherein: the water softener is at least one of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, sodium nitrilotriacetate, sodium gluconate, sodium citrate, sodium tartrate, sodium carboxymethyl succinate and polyacrylic acid, and preferably ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid.
8. A method for producing the water-based cutting fluid as defined in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising: firstly, mixing tung oil dimer acid and organic amine according to a ratio, heating to 100-150 ℃ for reaction, standing to room temperature, adding a preservative, benzotriazole and a water softener, fully stirring, finally adding water, stirring and filtering to obtain the fully-synthetic water-based cutting fluid.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein: the tung oil dimer acid is prepared by taking tung oil acid as a raw material, and the specific preparation process comprises the following steps: stirring eleostearic acid as a raw material in the presence of a polymerization inhibitor, simultaneously blowing nitrogen, heating to 180-class 230 ℃ for reaction, obtaining a crude dimer acid product after the reaction is finished, and obtaining the tung oil dimer acid through two-stage molecular distillation.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein: the organic alcohol amine is at least one of monoisopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, triisopropanolamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine, and preferably triethanolamine.
11. The method of claim 8, wherein: mixing tung oil dimer acid and organic amine in proportion, heating to 110-130 ℃ for reaction, and stirring at the speed of 100-200 rpm.
12. The method of claim 8, wherein: the preservative is at least one of Sandan oil, nipagin ester, casone, sodium pyrithione and the like, and the nipagin ester is preferred.
13. The method of claim 8, wherein: the water softener is at least one of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, sodium nitrilotriacetate, sodium gluconate, sodium citrate, sodium tartrate, sodium carboxymethyl succinate and polyacrylic acid, and preferably ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid.
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