CN111342657B - Voltage stabilizer for wide voltage range power supply - Google Patents
Voltage stabilizer for wide voltage range power supply Download PDFInfo
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- CN111342657B CN111342657B CN202010202318.3A CN202010202318A CN111342657B CN 111342657 B CN111342657 B CN 111342657B CN 202010202318 A CN202010202318 A CN 202010202318A CN 111342657 B CN111342657 B CN 111342657B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1582—Buck-boost converters
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Abstract
The invention discloses a voltage stabilizer for wide voltage range power supply, comprising: the voltage conversion module is provided with a boosting mode and a voltage reduction mode and controls the magnitude of output voltage through a PWM signal; the detection module detects the input voltage and the output voltage of the voltage conversion module; and the main control module switches a boosting mode or a reducing mode according to the target voltage and the input voltage and adjusts the duty ratio of the PWM signal according to the target voltage and the output voltage so that the output voltage meets the target voltage. The voltage conversion module has a boosting mode and a voltage reduction mode, different working modes are switched according to input voltage and target voltage, and the PWM signal is adjusted to adapt to power supply of voltage in a wider range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power supply circuits, in particular to a voltage stabilizing device for supplying power in a wide voltage range.
Background
With the rapid development of electrical equipment, the types of the electrical equipment are more and more, the power supply voltage standard is more and more, and in order to meet different power supply requirements, the equipment must meet a wider power supply voltage. The voltage regulator in the prior art usually adopts a single mode voltage conversion module, and adjusts the output voltage thereof only by adjusting the duty ratio of the PWM signal, for example, the invention patent with publication number CN109327141A and the invention patent with publication number CN102931825A, the voltage regulation range of the voltage regulator is very limited, the voltage regulator cannot provide the supply voltage in a wide range, and the applicable types of electrical equipment are few.
In addition, the voltage stabilizer in the prior art usually adopts the component parameters when the intermediate voltage is selected in advance to carry out circuit design, but the component parameters are not optimal under the working conditions of the lowest power supply voltage and the highest power supply voltage, so that the conversion efficiency of the circuit is reduced.
Therefore, how to design a voltage regulator capable of supplying power in a wide voltage range is an urgent technical problem to be solved in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defect that the power supply voltage regulation range is limited in the prior art, the invention provides a voltage stabilizing device for supplying power in a wide voltage range.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that a voltage stabilizing device for supplying power in a wide voltage range is designed, and the voltage stabilizing device comprises:
the voltage conversion module is provided with a boosting mode and a voltage reduction mode and controls the magnitude of output voltage through a PWM signal;
the detection module detects the input voltage and the output voltage of the voltage conversion module;
and the main control module switches a boosting mode or a reducing mode according to the target voltage and the input voltage and adjusts the duty ratio of the PWM signal according to the target voltage and the output voltage so that the output voltage meets the target voltage.
Preferably, switching the step-up mode or the step-down mode according to the target voltage and the input voltage includes:
when the input voltage is greater than the target voltage, the main control module controls the voltage conversion module to be in a voltage reduction mode;
and/or when the input voltage is less than the target voltage, the main control module controls the voltage conversion module to be in a boosting mode;
and/or when the input voltage is equal to the target voltage, the main control module voltage conversion module maintains the current mode.
Preferably, the adjusting the duty ratio of the PWM signal according to the target voltage and the output voltage includes:
when the output voltage is greater than the target voltage, the main control module reduces the duty ratio of the PWM signal;
and/or when the output voltage is smaller than the target voltage, the duty ratio of the PWM signal is increased by the main control module;
and/or when the output voltage is equal to the target voltage, the main control module maintains the duty ratio of the current PWM signal.
Preferably, be equipped with the energy storage inductance in the voltage conversion module, the energy storage inductance includes: the main coil is connected into the voltage conversion module, the exciting coil is connected with the main control module, and the main control module outputs bias current to the exciting coil to change the inductance of the main coil.
Preferably, the detection module further detects the input current and the output current of the voltage conversion module, and the main control module calculates the working efficiency according to the detection signal of the detection module and dynamically adjusts the bias current of the energy storage inductor until the highest value of the working efficiency is found and maintained.
The working efficiency is calculated in the following mode: output power ÷ input power, output power = output current × output voltage, input power = input current × input voltage.
Preferably, the dynamically adjusting the bias current of the energy storage inductor comprises:
adjusting the bias current at intervals of preset time T and calculating the working efficiency;
when the work efficiency of this time is higher than the work efficiency of the last time, the next time of adjustment is carried out in the same way as the adjustment;
and/or when the work efficiency of the current time is less than the work efficiency of the last time, the next time of adjustment is carried out in a mode opposite to the adjustment of the current time;
and/or when the work efficiency of the current time is equal to the work efficiency of the last time, maintaining the current state of the energy storage inductor.
In a preferred embodiment, the voltage conversion module comprises: a boost circuit and a buck circuit.
The booster circuit includes: a transistor Q1 driven by the first PWM signal, an inductor L1 connected to the collector of the transistor Q1, and a capacitor C1 connected between the collector and emitter of the transistor Q1. The step-down circuit includes: a transistor Q2 driven by the second PWM signal, a capacitor C2 with one end connected with a series inductor L2 connected with the emitter of the transistor Q2, the collector of the transistor Q2 connected with the collector of the transistor Q1, and the other end of the capacitor C2 connected with the ground.
The inductor L1 and the inductor L2 adopt energy storage inductors, when the voltage conversion module is in a boosting mode, the main control module controls the triode Q1 to be continuously turned off, and the duty ratio of the second PWM signal is adjusted according to the target voltage and the output voltage; and/or when the voltage conversion module is in the buck mode, the main control module controls the transistor Q2 to be continuously conducted, and the duty ratio of the first PWM signal is adjusted according to the comparison result of the target voltage and the output voltage.
When the voltage conversion module is in a boosting mode, the main control module intermittently adjusts the bias current of the inductor L2 until the working efficiency reaches the highest value; and/or when the voltage conversion module is in the voltage reduction mode, the main control module adjusts the bias current of the inductor L1 intermittently until the working efficiency reaches the maximum value.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the voltage conversion module has a boosting mode and a voltage reduction mode, different working modes are switched according to the input voltage and the target voltage, and the PWM signal is adjusted to adapt to power supply of a wider range of voltage;
2. the optimal working efficiency of the voltage conversion module is realized by dynamically adjusting the inductance in the voltage conversion module.
Drawings
The invention is described in detail below with reference to examples and figures, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a voltage stabilization device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of the voltage regulator apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the bias current and the inductance in the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention provides a voltage regulator capable of supplying power in a wide voltage range, which includes: the device comprises a voltage conversion module, a detection module and a main control module.
The voltage conversion module has a voltage boosting mode and a voltage reducing mode, the voltage conversion module controls the size of output voltage through PWM signals, the detection module detects the input voltage and the output voltage of the voltage conversion module, the main control module is connected with the voltage conversion module and the detection module, the voltage boosting mode or the voltage reducing mode of the voltage conversion module is switched according to target voltage and the input voltage, and then the duty ratio of the PWM signals is adjusted according to the target voltage and the output voltage, so that the output voltage meets the target voltage.
It should be noted that, the main control module adjusts the working mode of the voltage conversion module and the duty ratio of the PWM signal thereof in real time according to the received target voltage, so as to ensure that the output voltage changes synchronously with the target voltage, and the power supply is stable and reliable. The target voltage is a power supply voltage required by the voltage regulator device for the electrical equipment, and may be manually input to the main control module or obtained by the main control module automatically detecting the model of the electrical equipment, or may be set to the main control module in other ways, which is not limited in the present invention.
Specifically, the control mode of the main control module is as follows:
when the input voltage is greater than the target voltage, the main control module controls the voltage conversion module to be in a voltage reduction mode, the output voltage is compared with the target voltage, when the output voltage is greater than the target voltage, the duty ratio of the PWM signal is reduced by the main control module, when the output voltage is less than the target voltage, the duty ratio of the PWM signal is increased by the main control module, and when the output voltage is equal to the target voltage, the duty ratio of the current PWM signal is maintained by the main control module.
When the input voltage is less than the target voltage, the main control module controls the voltage conversion module to be in a boosting mode, then compares the output voltage with the target voltage, when the output voltage is greater than the target voltage, the main control module reduces the duty ratio of the PWM signal, when the output voltage is less than the target voltage, the main control module increases the duty ratio of the PWM signal, and when the output voltage is equal to the target voltage, the main control module maintains the duty ratio of the current PWM signal.
When the input voltage is equal to the target voltage, the voltage conversion module of the main control module maintains the current mode, the output voltage is compared with the target voltage, when the output voltage is greater than the target voltage, the duty ratio of the PWM signal is reduced by the main control module, when the output voltage is less than the target voltage, the duty ratio of the PWM signal is increased by the main control module, and when the output voltage is equal to the target voltage, the duty ratio of the current PWM signal is maintained by the main control module.
According to the invention, the output voltage is increased or decreased on the basis of the input voltage by switching the boosting mode and the voltage reduction mode, and the output voltage is finely adjusted by adjusting the duty ratio of the PWM signal, so that the target voltage is met, and the accurate power supply of a wider range of voltage can be adapted.
Preferably, be equipped with energy storage inductance in the voltage conversion module, energy storage inductance includes: the magnetic core, the main coil and the excitation coil are wound on the magnetic core, the main coil is connected into the voltage conversion module, the excitation coil is connected with the main control module, the main control module outputs bias current to the excitation coil for excitation so as to change magnetic flux on the magnetic core, the inductance of the main coil and the direct current bias of the excitation coil have a corresponding relation shown in figure 3, the inductance of the main coil can be changed by changing the current of the excitation coil, and the larger the direct current bias of the excitation coil is, the smaller the inductance of the main coil is.
The detection module is used for detecting the input current and the output current of the voltage conversion module, the detection module comprises a first voltage current sensor connected to the input end of the power conversion module and a second voltage current sensor connected to the output end of the power conversion module, the main control module calculates the working efficiency according to the detection signal of the detection module, dynamically adjusts the bias current of the energy storage inductor until the highest value of the working efficiency is found and maintained, and ensures that the voltage conversion module operates efficiently. The working efficiency is calculated in the following mode: output power ÷ input power, output power = output current × output voltage, input power = input current × input voltage.
The dynamic adjustment of the bias current of the energy storage inductor comprises the following steps:
adjusting the bias current at intervals of preset time T and calculating the working efficiency;
when the work efficiency of this time is higher than the work efficiency of the last time, the next time of adjustment is carried out in the same way as the adjustment;
when the work efficiency of the current time is lower than the work efficiency of the last time, the next time of adjustment is carried out in a mode opposite to the adjustment of the current time;
and when the current working efficiency is equal to the last working efficiency, maintaining the current value of the bias current.
For example, if the initial adjustment mode is that the bias current of the excitation coil is decreased by Δ a, the work efficiency is calculated after the bias current of the excitation coil is decreased, if the work efficiency is continuously increased, the bias current of the excitation coil is decreased by Δ a each time until the work efficiency becomes low, the bias current of the excitation coil is adjusted back to the current value adjusted last time, and at this time, the work efficiency is maximum, and the current of the excitation coil is maintained. For example, the initial adjustment method is to increase the bias current of the excitation coil by Δ a, calculate the working efficiency after increasing the bias current of the excitation coil, increase Δ a every time the bias current of the excitation coil is increased if the working efficiency is continuously increased until the working efficiency becomes low, adjust the bias current of the excitation coil back to the current magnitude adjusted last time, at this time, the working efficiency is maximum, and keep the current of the excitation coil.
In a preferred embodiment, the voltage conversion module includes a boost circuit and a buck circuit, as shown in fig. 2.
The booster circuit includes: the triode Q1, the inductance L1, the electric capacity C1 and the diode D1, the base of triode Q1 is connected with the master control module, the master control module outputs the first PWM signal to triode Q1, in order to control the operating condition of triode Q1, the electric capacity L1 is connected to the collecting electrode of triode Q1, the both ends of electric capacity C1 connect between the emitting pole of triode Q1 and the negative pole of diode D1, the positive pole of diode D1 connects the collecting electrode of triode Q1, the negative pole connects electric capacity C1.
The step-down circuit includes: the triode Q2, the inductor L2, the capacitor C2 and the diode D2, the base of the triode Q2 is connected with the main control module, the main control module outputs a second PWM signal to the triode Q2 to control the working state of the triode Q2, the collector of the triode Q2 is connected with the cathode of the diode D1, one end of the capacitor C2 is connected with the inductor L2 in series to be connected with the emitter of the triode Q2, the other end of the capacitor C2 is grounded, the anode of the diode D2 is grounded, and the cathode of the diode D2 is connected with the emitter of the triode Q2.
When the voltage conversion module is in the boost mode, the main control module controls the triode Q1 to be continuously turned off, the output voltage is compared with the target voltage, when the output voltage is greater than the target voltage, the duty ratio of the second PWM signal is reduced by the main control module, when the output voltage is less than the target voltage, the duty ratio of the second PWM signal is increased by the main control module, and when the output voltage is equal to the target voltage, the duty ratio of the current second PWM signal is maintained by the main control module.
When the voltage conversion module is in the voltage reduction mode, the main control module controls the triode Q2 to be continuously conducted, the output voltage is compared with the target voltage, when the output voltage is larger than the target voltage, the duty ratio of the first PWM signal is reduced by the main control module, when the output voltage is smaller than the target voltage, the duty ratio of the first PWM signal is increased by the main control module, and when the output voltage is equal to the target voltage, the duty ratio of the current first PWM signal is maintained by the main control module.
The inductor L1 and the inductor L2 adopt energy storage inductors, and when the voltage conversion module is in a boosting mode, the main control module intermittently adjusts the bias current of the inductor L2 until the working efficiency reaches the highest value; when the voltage conversion module is in the voltage reduction mode, the main control module adjusts the bias current of the inductor L1 intermittently until the working efficiency reaches the maximum value.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A voltage regulator device for wide voltage range power supply, comprising:
the voltage conversion module is provided with a boosting mode and a voltage reduction mode and controls the magnitude of output voltage through a PWM signal;
the detection module detects the input voltage and the output voltage of the voltage conversion module;
the main control module is used for switching the boosting mode or the voltage reduction mode according to a target voltage and the input voltage, and then regulating the duty ratio of the PWM signal according to the target voltage and the output voltage so as to enable the output voltage to meet the target voltage;
be equipped with energy storage inductance in the voltage conversion module, energy storage inductance includes: the main coil is connected into the voltage conversion module, the excitation coil is connected with the main control module, and the main control module outputs bias current to the excitation coil so as to change the inductance of the main coil;
the detection module is also used for detecting the input current and the output current of the voltage conversion module, the main control module calculates the working efficiency according to the detection signal of the detection module and dynamically adjusts the bias current of the energy storage inductor until the highest value of the working efficiency is found and maintained;
when the primary adjustment mode is that the bias current of the excitation coil is reduced by delta A, the working efficiency is calculated after the bias current of the excitation coil is reduced, if the working efficiency is continuously increased, the bias current of the excitation coil is reduced by delta A every time until the working efficiency is lowered, the bias current of the excitation coil is adjusted back to the current value adjusted last time, the working efficiency is maximum at the moment, and the current of the current excitation coil is kept;
or when the initial adjustment mode is that the bias current of the exciting coil is increased by delta A, the working efficiency is calculated after the bias current of the exciting coil is increased, if the working efficiency is continuously increased, the bias current of the exciting coil is increased by delta A every time until the working efficiency is lowered, the bias current of the exciting coil is adjusted back to the current value adjusted last time, the working efficiency is maximum at the moment, and the current of the exciting coil is kept.
2. The voltage stabilization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the switching between the step-up mode or the step-down mode according to the target voltage and the input voltage comprises:
when the input voltage is greater than the target voltage, the main control module controls the voltage conversion module to be in a voltage reduction mode;
and/or when the input voltage is smaller than the target voltage, the main control module controls the voltage conversion module to be in a boosting mode;
and/or when the input voltage is equal to the target voltage, the main control module controls the voltage conversion module to maintain the current mode.
3. The voltage regulator apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the adjusting the duty ratio of the PWM signal according to the target voltage and the output voltage comprises:
when the output voltage is greater than the target voltage, the main control module reduces the duty ratio of the PWM signal;
and/or when the output voltage is smaller than the target voltage, the main control module increases the duty ratio of the PWM signal;
and/or when the output voltage is equal to the target voltage, the main control module maintains the duty ratio of the current PWM signal.
4. The voltage stabilizer according to claim 1, wherein the working efficiency is calculated by: output power ÷ input power, said output power = output current × output voltage, said input power = input current × input voltage.
5. The voltage stabilizing device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the voltage conversion module comprises: a voltage boost circuit and a voltage step-down circuit;
the booster circuit includes: the triode Q1, the inductor L1, the capacitor C1 and the diode D1, wherein the base of the triode Q1 is connected with the master control module, the master control module outputs a first PWM signal to the triode Q1, the collector of the triode Q1 is connected with the inductor L1, two ends of the capacitor C1 are connected between the emitter of the triode Q1 and the cathode of the diode D1, the anode of the diode D1 is connected with the collector of the triode Q1, and the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with the capacitor C1;
the step-down circuit includes: triode Q2, inductance L2, electric capacity C2 and diode D2, triode Q2's base with the master control module is connected, the master control module to triode Q2 output second PWM signal, triode Q2's collecting electrode is connected diode D1's negative pole, electric capacity C2's one end is established ties inductance L2 connects triode Q2's projecting pole, electric capacity C2's other end ground connection, diode D2's positive ground connection, negative pole are connected triode Q2's projecting pole.
6. The voltage stabilizing device according to claim 5, wherein when the voltage conversion module is in the boost mode, the main control module controls the transistor Q1 to be continuously turned off, and adjusts the duty ratio of the second PWM signal according to a target voltage and the output voltage;
and/or when the voltage conversion module is in a buck mode, the main control module controls the triode Q2 to be continuously conducted, and the duty ratio of the first PWM signal is adjusted according to the comparison result of the target voltage and the output voltage.
7. The voltage stabilizing device according to claim 5, wherein the inductor L1 and the inductor L2 are energy storage inductors;
when the voltage conversion module is in a boosting mode, the main control module intermittently adjusts the bias current of the inductor L2 until the working efficiency reaches the highest value;
and/or when the voltage conversion module is in a voltage reduction mode, the main control module intermittently adjusts the bias current of the inductor L1 until the working efficiency reaches the highest value.
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| US7652453B2 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2010-01-26 | Broadcom Corporation | Topology for a positive buck-boost switching regulator |
| CN102355130A (en) * | 2011-10-09 | 2012-02-15 | 南通大学 | Double-tube Buck-Boost type PFC (Power Factor Correction) converter based on one-cycle control |
| CN103412483B (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2016-08-10 | 中国石油大学(华东) | The model-free gradient optimizing control method and analog adopted noted by a kind of offshore platform |
| CN205249066U (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2016-05-18 | 西安因变光电科技有限公司 | Constant -current control circuit |
| CN109327065B (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2020-02-21 | 华为技术有限公司 | Receiving end, method, power utilization terminal, transmitting end and system of wireless charging system |
| CN209419483U (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2019-09-20 | 夏美玲 | A kind of buck one DC-DC voltage regulator circuit |
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