CN111342225B - Miniaturized three-frequency circuit loading helical antenna - Google Patents
Miniaturized three-frequency circuit loading helical antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN111342225B CN111342225B CN202010194030.6A CN202010194030A CN111342225B CN 111342225 B CN111342225 B CN 111342225B CN 202010194030 A CN202010194030 A CN 202010194030A CN 111342225 B CN111342225 B CN 111342225B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of new generation information, in particular to a miniaturized three-frequency circuit loading spiral antenna, wherein an outer insulating cylinder body internally provided with an inner insulating cylinder body is arranged on a feed substrate with an inner phase-shift feed network and an outer phase-shift feed network, 4 double-frequency radiation arms are spirally wound on the outer insulating cylinder body along the height direction of the spiral antenna towards a first direction, the tail ends of the 4 double-frequency radiation arms are respectively and correspondingly connected to 4 feed points of the outer phase-shift feed network one by one, 4 single-frequency radiation arms are spirally wound on the inner insulating cylinder body along the height direction of the spiral antenna towards a second direction opposite to the first direction, and the tail ends of the 4 single-frequency radiation arms are respectively and correspondingly connected to 4 feed points of the inner phase-shift feed network one by one, so that the spiral antenna can simultaneously cover working frequency bands of first generation and second generation Beidou antennas; the spiral antenna is ingenious in layout, has the characteristics of miniaturization and three frequencies, and can achieve good standing wave and radiation characteristics of three frequency bands in a small space.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new-generation information, in particular to a miniaturized three-frequency circuit loading spiral antenna.
Background
The China Beidou satellite navigation system can provide high-precision, high-reliability positioning, navigation and time service for various users all day long in the world, and initially has the capabilities of regional navigation, positioning and time service, wherein the positioning precision is 10 meters, the speed measurement precision is 0.2 meter/second, and the time service precision is 10 nanoseconds. China now has more than 40 navigation satellites operating in space, while the United states has only 31 GPS satellites. The development of the Beidou quickly highlights the strength of the development of the aerospace science and technology, and the Beidou system is widely applied to military use, so that military troops do not need to rely on the American space technology any more, and plays more and more important roles in different civil fields such as mobile phones, vehicles and the like, and has wide application prospect and huge market value.
In recent years, satellite mobile communication is widely applied, a plurality of ground terminal application systems aiming at different services are developed, and an active positioning method is applied to the Beidou generation. The navigator needs to send a signal to the satellite, the satellite transmits the signal to the ground station, and the ground station then calculates the position of the navigator and sends the position to the navigator. The "big Dipper second generation" system can use the same "passive positioning" as GPS. The second generation will have significant improvements and enhancements in user capacity, service area, dynamic performance, positioning accuracy and usage patterns over the first generation. However, the big Dipper generation has a short message communication function. The Beidou system user terminal has a bidirectional message communication function, a user can transmit short message information of 35 Chinese characters at a time, and the Beidou system user terminal has important application value in ocean navigation and environments with weak communication signals at present.
The antenna for receiving and transmitting electromagnetic wave signals plays a very important role, the performance of the antenna directly determines the positioning precision and speed, the cost, the volume and the mass of the antenna determine the size and the price of equipment, and the market prospect of products is indirectly influenced. The first-generation Beidou antenna comprises a receiving working frequency band and a transmitting working frequency band, the receiving antenna is right-handed, the transmitting antenna is left-handed, the second-generation Beidou antenna only comprises the receiving antenna, and the antenna is in a right-handed mode. According to market research and literature retrieval, no product which can be compatible with a generation-two generation Beidou navigation antenna is found in the market at present, and three frequency band antennas are generally respectively designed and respectively fixedly installed, so that when the space is limited, the antennas can be installed in a crowded manner and have large mutual influence; these are undesirable to those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention discloses a miniaturized triple-band circuit-loaded helical antenna, which is characterized by comprising: the circuit loading structure comprises an outer insulating cylinder, an inner insulating cylinder, a circuit loading structure, 4 double-frequency radiating arms and 4 single-frequency radiating arms;
the inner insulating cylinder is arranged in the outer insulating cylinder, the circuit loading structure comprises a feed substrate, an inner phase shift feed network and an outer phase shift feed network, the inner phase shift feed network and the outer phase shift feed network are arranged on the upper surface of the feed substrate, the inner phase shift feed network is printed in the middle of the feed substrate, the outer phase shift feed network is printed on the feed substrate in a mode of surrounding the inner phase shift feed network, 4 first feed points are arranged on the outer phase shift feed network, and 4 second feed points are arranged on the inner phase shift feed network;
the feed substrate is arranged at the bottom of the outer insulating cylinder, the outer phase-shift feed network is positioned between the outer insulating cylinder and the inner insulating cylinder, and the inner phase-shift feed network is positioned in the inner insulating cylinder;
the 4 dual-frequency radiating arms are spirally wound on the outer wall of the outer insulating cylinder body towards a first direction along the height direction of the spiral antenna, each dual-frequency radiating arm comprises a zigzag spiral line and a straight spiral line, the tail ends of the zigzag spiral line and the straight spiral line are connected together, the distances between the zigzag spiral line and the straight spiral line of the 4 dual-frequency radiating arms are the same, and the tail ends of the 4 dual-frequency radiating arms are respectively connected to the 4 first feed points in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
4 single-frequency radiation arm all follows helical antenna's direction of height is in towards second direction spiral winding on the outer wall of internal insulation barrel, the second direction with first direction is opposite, and every single-frequency radiation arm all includes 2 straight helices that end-to-end connection is in the same place, every 2 among the single-frequency radiation arm all have the difference in height between the straight helices, 4 difference in height between 2 straight helices of single-frequency radiation arm and interval are all the same, and 4 the end difference one-to-one of single-frequency radiation arm is connected 4 of internal feed phase shift network on the second feed point.
The miniaturized triple-frequency circuit loading helical antenna is characterized in that the feed substrate is circular, the lower surface of the feed substrate is provided with 4 first bonding pads, a first feeding point, 4 second bonding pads and a second feeding point, the 4 second bonding pads and the second feeding point are located in the middle of the feed substrate, and the 4 first bonding pads and the 4 first feeding points are located outside the feed substrate;
the 4 first bonding pads are respectively communicated with the 4 first feed points through metallized through holes, the tail ends of the 4 double-frequency radiating arms are respectively welded on the 4 first bonding pads in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and the first feed points are used for being connected with first cables;
4 the second pad respectively with 4 the second feed point passes through the metallized through-hole intercommunication, 4 the terminal one-to-one welding of single frequency radiation arm is 4 respectively on the second pad, the second feed point is used for being connected with the second cable.
The miniaturized triple-frequency circuit-loaded helical antenna comprises an external phase-shift feed network, a first low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) balun, 2 first 3dB bridges and 4 first feed points;
the 4 first feed points are uniformly distributed at the edge of the feed substrate and located on the same circumference, unbalanced ports of the first LTCC balun are connected with the first feed points, a first balanced port of the first LTCC balun is connected with 2 adjacent first feed points in the 4 first feed points through one first 3dB bridge, and a first balanced port of the first LTCC balun is connected with the remaining 2 adjacent first feed points in the 4 first feed points through the other first 3dB bridge so as to convert electric signals input by the first cable into feed signals with equal amplitude, and the phases of the feed signals are sequentially different by 90 degrees.
The miniaturized triple-frequency circuit loaded helical antenna comprises an inner phase shift feed network, an outer phase shift feed network and a plurality of phase shift feed networks, wherein the inner phase shift feed network comprises a second LTCC balun, 2 second 3dB bridges and 4 second feed points;
the 4 second feed points are uniformly distributed on the feed substrate and located on the same circumference, unbalanced ports of the second LTCC balun are connected with the second feed points, a second balanced port of the second LTCC balun is connected with 2 adjacent second feed points in the 4 second feed points through one second 3dB bridge, and a second balanced port of the second LTCC balun is connected with the remaining 2 adjacent second feed points in the 4 second feed points through the other second 3dB bridge to convert the electrical signals input by the second cable into feed signals with equal amplitude and sequentially 90-degree phase difference.
In the miniaturized tri-band circuit loading helical antenna, the dual-band radiating arm is printed on the first flexible material layer, and the first flexible material layer is attached to the outer insulating cylinder;
the single-frequency radiation arm is printed on a second flexible material layer, and the second flexible material layer is attached to the inner insulating cylinder.
The miniaturized tri-band circuit loading helical antenna is characterized in that the dielectric constants of the first flexible material layer and the second flexible material layer are both 2-5.
The miniaturized tri-band circuit loading helical antenna is characterized in that the thicknesses of the first flexible material layer and the second flexible material layer are both smaller than 0.5 mm.
The miniaturized tri-band circuit loading helical antenna is characterized in that the thickness of the feeding substrate is 0.5-2 mm.
The miniaturized tri-band circuit loading helical antenna is characterized in that the rising angles of the zigzag helical line and the straight helical line in the dual-band radiation arm are both 20-75 degrees.
The miniaturized triple-frequency circuit loading helical antenna is characterized in that the value range of the width of the zigzag helical line and the width of the straight helical line in the double-frequency radiation arm are both 0.5-1.5 mm, and the value range of the width of the straight helical line in the single-frequency radiation arm is both 0.5-1.5 mm.
The invention has the following advantages or beneficial effects:
the invention discloses a miniaturized tri-band circuit loading helical antenna, which is characterized in that an outer insulating cylinder body provided with an inner insulating cylinder body is arranged on a feed substrate with an inner phase-shift feed network and an outer phase-shift feed network, 4 double-band radiation arms are spirally wound on the outer insulating cylinder body along the height direction of the helical antenna towards a first direction, the tail ends of the 4 double-band radiation arms are respectively and correspondingly connected to 4 feed points of the outer phase-shift feed network one by one, 4 single-band radiation arms are spirally wound on the inner insulating cylinder body along the height direction of the helical antenna towards a second direction opposite to the first direction, and the tail ends of the 4 single-band radiation arms are respectively and correspondingly connected to 4 feed points of the inner phase-shift feed network one by one, so that the helical antenna can simultaneously cover working frequency bands of Beidou I and II antennas; the spiral antenna is ingenious in layout, has miniaturization and three-frequency characteristics, can achieve good standing wave and radiation characteristics of three frequency bands in a small space, and has strong practicability and application prospect.
Drawings
The invention and its features, aspects and advantages will become more apparent from reading the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a miniaturized triple-band circuit loaded helical antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a circuit loading structure in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a bottom view of a circuit loading structure in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following drawings and specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the present embodiment relates to a miniaturized triple-frequency circuit-loaded helical antenna, which adopts a bottom feed manner, and specifically, the triple-frequency circuit-loaded helical antenna includes an outer insulating cylinder 3, an inner insulating cylinder 5, a circuit loading structure 7, 4 dual- frequency radiating arms 4, and 4 single-frequency radiating arms 6; the inner insulating cylinder 5 is arranged in the hollow cavity of the outer insulating cylinder 3, the circuit loading structure 7 comprises a feed substrate 71, and an inner phase shift feed network and an outer phase shift feed network which are arranged on the upper surface of the feed substrate 71, the inner phase shift feed network is printed in the middle of the feed substrate 71, the outer phase shift feed network is printed on the feed substrate 71 around the inner phase shift feed network, the outer phase shift feed network is provided with 4 first feed points 11, 12, 13 and 14, and the inner phase shift feed network is provided with 4 second feed points 21, 22, 23 and 24; the feed substrate 71 is arranged at the bottom of the outer insulating cylinder 3, the outer phase shift feed network is positioned between the outer insulating cylinder 3 and the inner insulating cylinder 5, and the inner phase shift feed network is positioned in the inner insulating cylinder 5; the 4 dual-frequency radiating arms 4 are spirally wound (left-handed or right-handed, the rotating directions of the 4 dual-frequency radiating arms 4 are consistent) on the outer wall of the outer insulating cylinder 3 along the height direction of the helical antenna, and each dual-frequency radiating arm 4 comprises a zigzag helix 41 and a straight helix 42 (because the frequency difference of the two helices in each dual-frequency radiating arm 4 is large, the frequency ratio is larger than 1.5, if the linear helix is adopted to cause the crossing of the two arms, one helix is set to be a straight line, and the other helix is a zigzag line, so that the overall height of the outer insulating cylinder 3 can be shortened, and the crossing of the two helices caused by different helix angles can be avoided, wherein the straight helix 42 radiates higher frequency, and the zigzag helix 41 radiates lower frequency band), the ends of the zigzag helix 41 and the straight helix 42 are connected together, the distances between the meandering spiral lines 41 and the straight spiral lines 42 of the 4 dual-frequency radiating arms 4 are the same (the distance between the meandering spiral lines 41 and the straight spiral lines 42 in a single dual-frequency radiating arm 4 is set to be a first distance, and the first distances of the 4 dual-frequency radiating arms 4 are equal), and the tail ends of the 4 dual-frequency radiating arms 4 are respectively connected to the 4 first feed points 11, 12, 13 and 14 in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the 4 single-frequency radiating arms 6 are spirally wound on the outer wall of the inner insulating cylinder 5 towards a second direction along the height direction of the spiral antenna, wherein the second direction is opposite to the first direction (specifically, if the 4 double-frequency radiating arms 4 rotate left, the 4 single-frequency radiating arms 6 rotate right, if the 4 double-frequency radiating arms 4 rotate right, the 4 single-frequency radiating arms 6 rotate left, and the rotation directions of the 4 single-frequency radiating arms 6 are consistent), each single-frequency radiating arm 6 comprises 2 straight spiral lines 61 and 62 with tail ends connected together, and a height difference with a preset value is formed between the 2 straight spiral lines 61 and 62 in each single-frequency radiating arm 6 and can be set according to specific requirements; height difference and interval between 2 straight helices 61, 62 of 4 single-frequency radiation arm 6 are all the same (setting up 2 in single-frequency radiation arm 6 interval between straight helices 61, 62 be h, then 4 single-frequency radiation arm 6's h value is equal, set up 2 in single-frequency radiation arm 6 interval between straight helices 61, 62 be the second interval, then this second interval of 4 single-frequency radiation arm 6 is equal), and 4 single-frequency radiation arm 6's end respectively one-to-one connect and feed 21, 22, 23, 24 at the inner phase shift feed network's 4 second.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the dual-band radiating arm 4 is printed on a first flexible material layer attached to the outer surface of the outer insulating cylinder 3, and the single-band radiating arm 6 is printed on a second flexible material layer attached to the outer surface of the inner insulating cylinder 5; the radiation plane formed by the single-frequency radiation arm 6 and the radiation plane formed by the dual-frequency radiation arm 4 have the effect of reducing the influence of polarization isolation between the two. Preferably, the dielectric constants of the first flexible material layer and the second flexible material layer are both 2-5; the thickness of the first flexible material layer and the thickness of the second flexible material layer are both smaller than 0.5 mm.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the feeding substrate 71 is a circular PCB having a relative dielectric constant of 2-5, and the feeding substrate 71 is double-sided printed, the inner phase shift feeding network and the outer phase shift feeding network are printed on the upper surface, the lower surface is provided with 4 first pads 15, 16, 17, 18, a first feeding point 19, 4 second pads 25, 26, 27, 28 and a second feeding point 29, the 4 second pads 25, 26, 27, 28 and the second feeding point 29 are located in the middle of the feeding substrate 71 corresponding to the position of the inner phase shift feeding network, and the 4 first pads 15, 16, 17, 18 and the first feeding point 19 are located outside the feeding substrate 71 corresponding to the outer phase shift feeding network; the 4 first bonding pads 15, 16, 17 and 18 are respectively communicated with the 4 first feed points 11, 12, 13 and 14 through metallized through holes, the tail ends of the 4 dual-frequency radiating arms 4 are respectively welded on the 4 first bonding pads 11, 12, 13 and 14 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the first feed point 19 is used for being connected with the first cable 10; the 4 second pads 25, 26, 27, 28 are respectively communicated with the 4 second feeding points 21, 22, 23, 24 through metallized through holes, the tail ends of the 4 single-frequency radiating arms 6 are respectively welded on the 4 second pads 25, 26, 27, 28 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the second feeding point 29 is used for being connected with the second cable 20.
In an embodiment of the present invention, each of the internal and external phase-shifted feeding networks includes one balun and two identical bridges. Considering factors such as size, coverage frequency band, bandwidth and the like, the balun part adopts a broadband form and comprises an unbalanced port and two balanced ports, and the two balanced ports have the phase difference of output port signals reaching 180 degrees and output with the same amplitude at the two frequency bands. The 3dB bridge part adopts a broadside coupling bridge form and outputs two signals which are mutually equal in amplitude and have a phase difference of 90 degrees. The input impedance is 50ohm, phase 0 signal. The signal first passes through the balun, and two constant amplitude signals with phases of 0 ° and 180 ° respectively are output. The signal with the phase of 0 degree is used as an input signal of a 3dB bridge, and two signals with the phases of 0 degree and 90 degree respectively and with the same amplitude are output. The signal with the phase of 180 degrees is used as an input signal of another 3dB bridge, and two signals with the phases of 180 degrees and 270 degrees respectively and with equal amplitude are output. Generally speaking, inputting a signal with phase 0 ° and impedance of 50ohm, four signals with phase 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, 270 ° and equal amplitude are obtained.
Specifically, the external phase shift feed networks each include a first LTCC balun (balun 1 in the figure), 2 first 3dB bridges (bridge 1 in the figure), and 4 first feed points 11, 12, 13, and 14, and certainly, the external phase shift feed networks further include components such as capacitors and inductors; the 4 first feed points 11, 12, 13, 14 are located at the edge of the feed substrate 71 and located on the same circumference (i.e. the 4 first feed points 11, 12, 13, 14 are located on the circular PCB board in a symmetrical cross arrangement, if the circular PCB board is divided into four quadrants, each quadrant includes one first feed point), the unbalanced port of the first LTCC balun is connected to the first cable 10 (specifically, the upper surface of the feed substrate 71 is provided with a first connection point (not shown in the figure) connected to the unbalanced port of the first LTCC balun, and the first connection point is in conduction with the first feed point 19 through a metal hole, and the first feed point 19 is used for being connected to the first cable 10, so that the first feed point 19 is connected to the first cable 10); the first balanced port of the first LTCC balun is connected to 2 adjacent first feed points 11, 12, 13, 14 of the 4 first feed points 11, 12, 13, 14 through a first 3dB bridge, and the second balanced port of the first LTCC balun is connected to the remaining 2 adjacent first feed points 13, 14 of the 4 first feed points through another first 3dB bridge, so as to convert the electrical signals input by the first cable 10 into feed signals with equal amplitude, phase difference of 90 ° in sequence, and output, and power is divided equally; the 4 first feed points 11, 12, 13, 14 are respectively 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° and 270 ° in phase; the phase of the first feed point 11 is 270 degrees, the phase of the first feed point 12 is 180 degrees, the phase of the first feed point 13 is 90 degrees, and the phase of the first feed point 14 is 0 degree; the phases of the 4 dual-frequency radiating arms 4 are 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, 270 °, and are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the 4 second feed points 14, 13, 12, and 11. The internal phase shift feed networks all comprise a second LTCC balun (simplified to balun 2 in the second LTCC balun diagram), 2 second 3dB bridges (simplified to bridge 2 in the second 3dB bridge diagram), and 4 second feed points 21, 22, 23, and 24, and of course, the internal phase shift feed network further comprises components such as capacitors and inductors; the 4 second feeding points 21, 22, 23, and 24 are uniformly distributed on the feeding substrate 71 and located on the same circumference (that is, the 4 second feeding points 21, 22, 23, and 24 are located on the edge of the circular PCB, and are symmetrically arranged in a cross, if the feeding substrate 71 is divided into four quadrants, each quadrant includes one second feeding point), the unbalanced port of the second LTCC balun is connected to the second cable 20 (specifically, the upper surface of the feeding substrate 71 is provided with a second connection point (not shown) connected to the unbalanced port of the second LTCC balun, and the second connection point is electrically connected to the second feeding point 29 through a metal hole, and the second feeding point 29 is used for being connected to the second cable 20, so that the second feeding point 29 is connected to the second cable 20); the second balanced port of the second LTCC balun is connected to 2 adjacent second feed points 21, 22 of the 4 second feed points 21, 22, 23, 24 through a second 3dB bridge, and the second balanced port of the second LTCC balun is connected to the remaining 2 adjacent second feed points 23, 24 of the 4 second feed points 21, 22, 23, 24 through another second 3dB bridge, so as to convert the electrical signals input by the second cable 20 into the feed signals with equal amplitude, phase difference of 90 ° in sequence, and output with equal power. The 4 second feed points are respectively at 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° and 270 ° in phase; wherein the phase of the second feed point 21 is 270 °, the phase of the second feed point 22 is 180 °, the phase of the second feed point 23 is 90 °, and the phase of the second feed point 24 is 0 °; the phases of the 4 single-frequency radiation arms 6 are 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees, and are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the 4 second feed points 24, 23, 22 and 21.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the feeding substrate 71 is 0.5 to 2mm (e.g., 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.7mm, or 2 mm); a tangent tg δ of a loss angle δ of the medium of the feed substrate 71 is not more than 10-3
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the elevation angles of the meandering spiral line 41 and the straight spiral line 42 in the dual-frequency spiral arm 4 are both 20 to 75 °; so that the dual-frequency radiating arm 4 can form a dual-frequency radiating helix with a high-low frequency ratio larger than 1.5. Because the frequency ratio of two frequencies is greater than 1.5, if all adopt linear type spiral arm can cause the crossing of two arms, so one adopts the zigzag line, and one adopts the straight line, through angle of rise, length and thickness of adjusting two kinds of lines for the antenna is at the operating point resonance that needs, and because single-frequency helical antenna cover is in dual-frenquency helical antenna's inside, is equivalent to the antenna surface and has loaded the one deck medium, consequently need through angle of rise, length and the thickness of adjusting the spiral, make the antenna at the operating point resonance that needs.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the widths of the meandering spiral line 41 and the straight spiral line 42 in the dual-frequency radiation arm 4 both range from 0.5 to 1.5mm (e.g., 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.2mm, or 1.5mm, etc.), the widths of the straight spiral lines 61 and 62 in the single-frequency radiation arm 6 both range from 0.5 to 1.5mm (e.g., 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.2mm, or 1.5mm, etc.), for example, the widths of the meandering spiral line 41 and the straight spiral line 42 in the dual-frequency radiation arm 4, and the widths of the straight spiral lines 61 and 62 in the single-frequency radiation arm 6 both adopt 1 mm.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the feeding substrate 71 is designed by a PCB hard board, and has the following dimensions: 17.5 X17.5X1.6mm.
In summary, the miniaturized triple-frequency circuit loading spiral antenna disclosed by the invention can simultaneously realize triple-frequency wireless communication of 1561 MHz-1575 MHz frequency band, 2480 MHz-2500 MHz frequency band and 1608 MHz-1622 MHz frequency band, and because the single-frequency radiation arm and the double-frequency radiation arm are respectively arranged on the insulating cylinder body and are overlapped together, the miniaturization of the whole design is realized by utilizing polarization isolation. Meanwhile, because the PCB circuit board with double-sided printing is adopted, one surface is a feed network, the other surface is eight welding pads connected with the spiral arm, the single-frequency radiation arm and the double-frequency radiation arm are vertically connected with feed on the feed substrate at the bottom, and the structure is simple and compact; the micro-structure of the feed network is difficult to achieve by a common feed network, and has high practical value under the trend that a communication system is increasingly miniaturized.
In addition, compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that the first generation Beidou receiving and transmitting antenna and the second generation Beidou receiving antenna are integrated, and the mutual influence is inhibited by utilizing polarization isolation; an internal phase-shift feed network and an external phase-shift feed network are respectively designed and distributed on a PCB by utilizing the center and the outer ring, so that the novel and compact miniaturized three-frequency circuit loading four-arm helical antenna is realized. The quadrifilar helix antenna is a GPS antenna, has a heart-shaped directional diagram, a good front-back ratio and excellent wide-beam circular polarization characteristics, and is very suitable for being used as a receiving antenna of a satellite positioning system.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that variations may be implemented by those skilled in the art in combination with the prior art and the above-described embodiments, and will not be described herein in detail. Such variations do not affect the essence of the present invention and are not described herein.
The above description is of the preferred embodiment of the invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described above, in that devices and structures not described in detail are understood to be implemented in a manner common in the art; those skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the disclosed embodiments, or modify equivalent embodiments to equivalent variations, without departing from the spirit of the invention, using the methods and techniques disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the protection of the technical solution of the present invention, unless the contents of the technical solution of the present invention are departed.
Claims (10)
1. A miniaturized tri-band circuit-loaded helical antenna, comprising: the circuit loading structure comprises an outer insulating cylinder, an inner insulating cylinder, a circuit loading structure, 4 double-frequency radiating arms and 4 single-frequency radiating arms;
the inner insulating cylinder is arranged in the outer insulating cylinder, the circuit loading structure comprises a feed substrate, an inner phase shift feed network and an outer phase shift feed network, the inner phase shift feed network and the outer phase shift feed network are arranged on the upper surface of the feed substrate, the inner phase shift feed network is printed in the middle of the feed substrate, the outer phase shift feed network is printed on the feed substrate in a mode of surrounding the inner phase shift feed network, and the outer phase shift feed network comprises a first LTCC balun, 2 first 3dB bridges and 4 first feed points; the inner phase shift feed network comprises a second LTCC balun, 2 second 3dB bridges and 4 second feed points;
the feed substrate is arranged at the bottom of the outer insulating cylinder, the outer phase-shift feed network is positioned between the outer insulating cylinder and the inner insulating cylinder, and the inner phase-shift feed network is positioned in the inner insulating cylinder;
the 4 dual-frequency radiating arms are spirally wound on the outer wall of the outer insulating cylinder body towards a first direction along the height direction of the spiral antenna, each dual-frequency radiating arm comprises a zigzag spiral line and a straight spiral line, the tail ends of the zigzag spiral line and the straight spiral line are connected together, the distances between the zigzag spiral line and the straight spiral line of the 4 dual-frequency radiating arms are the same, and the tail ends of the 4 dual-frequency radiating arms are respectively connected to the 4 first feed points in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
the 4 single-frequency radiation arms are spirally wound on the outer wall of the inner insulating cylinder body towards a second direction along the height direction of the spiral antenna, the second direction is opposite to the first direction, each single-frequency radiation arm comprises 2 straight spiral lines of which the tail ends are connected together, height differences are formed among the 2 straight spiral lines in each single-frequency radiation arm, the height differences and the distances among the 2 straight spiral lines of the 4 single-frequency radiation arms are identical, and the tail ends of the 4 single-frequency radiation arms are respectively connected to the 4 second feed points of the inner feed network in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
the helical antenna covers the working frequency bands of the first-generation Beidou antenna and the second-generation Beidou antenna at the same time.
2. The miniaturized tri-band circuit-loaded helical antenna of claim 1, wherein the feeding substrate is circular, the lower surface of the feeding substrate is provided with 4 first pads, a first feeding point, 4 second pads and a second feeding point, the 4 second pads and the second feeding point are located in the middle of the feeding substrate, and the 4 first pads and the first feeding point are located outside the feeding substrate;
the 4 first bonding pads are respectively communicated with the 4 first feed points through metallized through holes, the tail ends of the 4 double-frequency radiating arms are respectively welded on the 4 first bonding pads in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and the first feed points are used for being connected with first cables;
4 the second pad respectively with 4 the second feed point passes through the metallized through-hole intercommunication, 4 the terminal one-to-one welding of single frequency radiation arm is 4 respectively on the second pad, the second feed point is used for being connected with the second cable.
3. The miniaturized tri-band circuit-loaded helical antenna of claim 2,
the 4 first feed points are uniformly distributed at the edge of the feed substrate and located on the same circumference, unbalanced ports of the first LTCC balun are connected with the first feed points, a first balanced port of the first LTCC balun is connected with 2 adjacent first feed points in the 4 first feed points through one first 3dB bridge, and a first balanced port of the first LTCC balun is connected with the remaining 2 adjacent first feed points in the 4 first feed points through the other first 3dB bridge so as to convert electric signals input by the first cable into feed signals with equal amplitude, and the phases of the feed signals are sequentially different by 90 degrees.
4. The miniaturized tri-band circuit-loaded helical antenna of claim 2,
the 4 second feed points are uniformly distributed on the feed substrate and located on the same circumference, unbalanced ports of the second LTCC balun are connected with the second feed points, a second balanced port of the second LTCC balun is connected with 2 adjacent second feed points in the 4 second feed points through one second 3dB bridge, and a second balanced port of the second LTCC balun is connected with the remaining 2 adjacent second feed points in the 4 second feed points through the other second 3dB bridge to convert the electrical signals input by the second cable into feed signals with equal amplitude and sequentially 90-degree phase difference.
5. The miniaturized tri-band circuit-loaded helical antenna of claim 1, wherein the dual-band radiating arms are printed on a first flexible material layer, the first flexible material layer being affixed to the outer insulating cylinder;
the single-frequency radiation arm is printed on a second flexible material layer, and the second flexible material layer is attached to the inner insulating cylinder.
6. The miniaturized tri-band circuit-loaded helical antenna of claim 5, wherein the first flexible material layer and the second flexible material layer each have a dielectric constant of 2-5.
7. The miniaturized tri-band circuit-loaded helical antenna of claim 5, wherein the first layer of flexible material and the second layer of flexible material each have a thickness of less than 0.5 mm.
8. The miniaturized tri-band circuit-loaded helical antenna of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the feeding substrate is 0.5-2 mm.
9. The miniaturized tri-band circuit-loaded helical antenna of claim 1, wherein the elevation angles of the meandered helix and the straight helix in the dual-band radiating arm are both 20-75 °.
10. The miniaturized tri-band circuit-loaded helical antenna of claim 1, wherein the widths of the meandering helical line and the straight helical line in the dual-band radiating arm both have a value range of 0.5-1.5 mm, and the widths of the straight helical line in the single-band radiating arm both have a value range of 0.5-1.5 mm.
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| CN112271435A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2021-01-26 | 深圳市维力谷无线技术股份有限公司 | Novel high-precision positioning antenna |
| CN114256605A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-03-29 | 上海海积信息科技股份有限公司 | Combined antenna |
| CN114188732B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2024-06-04 | 常州柯特瓦电子股份有限公司 | Antenna structure and terminal |
| CN114284705B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2024-04-16 | 重庆两江卫星移动通信有限公司 | Three-frequency three-feed antenna in satellite communication |
| CN117317576B (en) * | 2023-11-29 | 2024-02-06 | 福建福大北斗通信科技有限公司 | Broadband four-arm helical antenna |
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