CN111336909A - Method for measuring oil film thickness of thrust bearing-babbit metal tile for water turbine - Google Patents
Method for measuring oil film thickness of thrust bearing-babbit metal tile for water turbine Download PDFInfo
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- CN111336909A CN111336909A CN202010224316.4A CN202010224316A CN111336909A CN 111336909 A CN111336909 A CN 111336909A CN 202010224316 A CN202010224316 A CN 202010224316A CN 111336909 A CN111336909 A CN 111336909A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B7/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness
- G01B7/10—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness using magnetic means, e.g. by measuring change of reluctance
- G01B7/105—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness using magnetic means, e.g. by measuring change of reluctance for measuring thickness of coating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
- G01B21/08—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness for measuring thickness
- G01B21/085—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness for measuring thickness using thermal means
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for measuring the thickness of an oil film of a thrust bearing-Babbitt metal tile for a water turbine. The method of the invention measures the thickness of the oil film by the eddy current displacement sensor arranged at the oil inlet end and the oil outlet end of the fan-shaped babbitt metal tile. In the prior art, when the eddy current displacement sensor is used for measuring the thickness of the oil film, the characteristic of zero drift of eddy current, namely the characteristic of difficult calibration, is existed. The measurement and calculation of the whole thrust bearing oil film are completed by establishing the functional relation between the oil film thickness of the oil inlet end and the oil outlet end of the thrust bearing and the oil film temperature, and the arrangement number of sensors and the complexity of system hardware are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bearing detection, in particular to a method for measuring the thickness of an oil film of a thrust bearing-babbit metal tile for a water turbine.
Background
The thrust bearing serves as a key basic part and plays an important role in ensuring the normal operation of equipment in the operation process. The oil film state of the thrust bearing reflects the running state of equipment to a great extent, so that the method has very important significance for accurately measuring the oil film thickness. In the seventh and eighties of the last century, people have deeply studied the oil film pressure distribution and oil film thickness theoretical calculation of lubricating oil, and have few problems in the practical application process of thrust bearings. At present, there are many methods for measuring the thickness of the oil film of the thrust bearing, including a resistance method, a capacitance method, an optical interference method, an eddy current method, an optical fiber displacement sensor method, and the like.
There are many reports in scientific research, but the above methods all have some disadvantages in the practical application process. There are many reports in scientific research, but the above methods all have some disadvantages in the practical application process. For example, the resistance method is greatly influenced by media and can only give a change trend; the average oil film thickness is measured by a capacitance method, so that the practical application value is not high; the light reflection method has harsh use conditions and is difficult to apply in most laboratories. Eddy current is a commonly used measurement method, and its basic principle is that when a flat coil, which is connected with a high-frequency sinusoidal alternating current, is placed near a metal conductor, an alternating magnetic field is generated. The effective impedance of the energized coil that produces the magnetic field changes due to the reaction of the alternating magnetic field. The material of the metal conductor is uniform and isotropic, and when parameters such as the conductivity, the magnetic conductivity, the size factor, the coil exciting current, the angular frequency and the like of the metal conductor are unchanged, the characteristic impedance of the coil becomes a single-value function of the distance between the sensor probe and the surface of the metal conductor. And has a linear relationship within a certain range. By utilizing the characteristics, the change of the coil impedance is converted into the change of the voltage through the electronic circuit, and the measurement of the relative displacement between the sensor probe and the measured conductor can be realized. By using the characteristic, non-contact measurement of the oil film thickness can be realized. The method has the advantages of accurate measurement of static or dynamic displacement between the measured metal object and the end face of the sensor probe, simple structure, high measurement precision, high sensitivity and good dynamic response, and is a method for measuring the oil film thickness of the thrust bearing widely. However, the eddy current displacement sensor is susceptible to measurement errors caused by the material of the measured object, defects, machining and the like, and the large initial calibration error also causes certain limitation on the measurement of the oil film thickness of the water turbine.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned technical problems, a method for measuring the thickness of an oil film of babbitt metal tile of a thrust bearing for a water turbine is provided. According to the invention, the accurate measurement of the oil film thickness of the babbit metal thrust bearing is realized through the angle measurement encoder, high-speed acquisition and processing and multiple zero point alternation. The technical means adopted by the invention are as follows:
a method for measuring the thickness of an oil film of a thrust bearing-Babbitt metal tile for a water turbine comprises the following steps:
oil inlet end eddy current displacement sensors for measuring the oil film thickness change of the oil inlet ends in real time are respectively arranged at the oil inlet ends of two opposite babbitt metal tiles;
oil outlet end eddy current displacement sensors for measuring the thickness change of an oil film at the oil end in real time are respectively arranged at the oil outlet ends of the two babbit metal tiles which are arranged oppositely;
each babbitt metal tile is provided with a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of an oil film;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) mounting a thrust bearing with a sensor mounted on a testing unit, mounting an angle measurement encoder for measuring position information on the testing unit, and connecting an eddy current displacement sensor with a data acquisition unit and a data processing unit;
rotating the test unit mirror plate in a manual barring manner, stopping barring at a preset angle interval, standing for a certain time, recording the numerical value of the current position eddy current sensor, repeating the step, and continuing to barring for the same angle until the whole cycle of barring;
and 4, acquiring data after the test unit is started:
starting a testing unit, after the testing unit stably runs under the conditions of rated rotating speed and rated load, measuring the eddy current in a multi-zero-point replacement mode, namely replacing the actual value of the eddy current displacement sensor at the measuring point of the last encoder when the mirror plate rotates to the measuring point position recorded by the encoder when the mirror plate rotates to the turning disc, and measuring the thickness of an oil film in the running process of the unit by making a difference between the actual value and the initial value of the running;
and 5, establishing a functional relation curve through the acquired oil film temperature and the oil film thickness, and calculating the oil film thickness of other tiles based on the two babbitt metal tiles provided with the eddy current displacement sensor.
Further, the temperature sensor is arranged in the area with the highest surface temperature in the whole operation process of the Babbitt metal tile.
Further, in step 3, the uniqueness of the initial measurement point is ensured by turning for multiple times, specifically, the rotation is repeated for more than 3 cycles, and the average value of the actual values of the eddy currents at the same position in the process is taken as the initial value of the point.
Further, in the step 3, the preset interval angle is a value of 36 ° or less, and the rest time is not less than 10 min.
According to the invention, the angle measurement encoder is arranged on the testing machine, the initial measurement point position is recorded in a manual turning mode, and the oil film thickness in the running process of the unit is obtained by making a difference between the actual value in the running process and the initial measurement point position in the running process of the testing machine, so that the testing machine is real-time, reliable and stable. Meanwhile, a functional relation curve is established through the acquired oil film temperature and the oil film thickness, and the oil film thickness of the oil inlet end and the oil outlet end of the oil inlet tile is calculated according to the oil film temperature of other tiles, so that the arrangement number of sensors and the complexity of system hardware are reduced.
Based on the reasons, the invention can be widely popularized in the technical field of bearing detection.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a distribution diagram of sensors on a bearing in an embodiment of the present invention. Wherein: 1 is an oil inlet end eddy current displacement sensor of the No. 1 Babbitt metal tile, 2 is an oil outlet end eddy current displacement sensor of the No. 1 Babbitt metal tile, 3 is an oil inlet end eddy current displacement sensor of the No. 5 Babbitt metal tile, and 4 is an oil outlet end eddy current displacement sensor of the No. 5 Babbitt metal tile; 5 is an oil film temperature sensor of the No. 1 Babbitt tile, and 6 is an oil film temperature sensor of the No. 5 Babbitt tile.
FIG. 3 is a graph of measured data of various sensors operating stably at a rotation speed of 600r/min and a load of 4MPa in the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the oil film thickness and the oil film temperature of the 1# thrust bearing in the embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. #1 oil inlet end eddy current displacement sensor; 2. #1 oil outlet end eddy current displacement sensor; 3. #5 oil inlet end eddy current displacement sensor; 4. #5 oil outlet end eddy current displacement sensor; 5. #1 temperature sensor; 6. #5 temperature sensor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in figure 1, the invention discloses a method for measuring the oil film thickness of a thrust bearing-babbitt metal tile for a water turbine, which comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 2, oil inlet end eddy current displacement sensors for measuring oil film thickness change at the oil inlet ends in real time are respectively installed at the oil inlet ends of two babbitt metal tiles which are arranged oppositely, in the embodiment, #1 and #5 which are opposite to the oil inlet ends are selected;
oil outlet end eddy current displacement sensors for measuring the thickness change of an oil film at the oil end in real time are respectively arranged at the oil outlet ends of the two babbit metal tiles which are arranged oppositely; in the embodiment, XL-3300 is selected as the eddy current displacement sensor.
A temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of an oil film is arranged on each babbitt metal tile, and the temperature sensor is arranged in the area with the highest surface temperature in the whole operation process of the babbitt metal tile;
the thrust bearing with the sensor installed is installed on a test unit, and an angle measurement encoder for measuring position information is installed on the test unit. Connecting the eddy current displacement sensor with a data acquisition unit and a data processing unit; the signal conditioning part mainly comprises an analog quantity conversion module, a noise suppression module, a filtering module, an input isolation module and a protection module. An analog quantity conversion module is selected, displacement signals which are measured by the babbit metal tile oil inlet and outlet edge eddy current sensor and the tile surface embedded eddy current sensor and reflect the state of a bearing oil film are converted into current signals, the current signals are filtered by a second-order low-pass filter, and the processed signals are finally connected to data acquisition through a protection module. The data acquisition part acquires current signals measured by the eddy current displacement sensor through an NI9208 data acquisition card of NI company and uploads the current signals to an upper computer. The data processing part performs digital filtering, data processing, data display and the like on the signals obtained by the data acquisition part through labview software, and completes parameter setting, issuing of control instructions and parameters and detection of the working state of the system. Assuming that the lubricating oil is completely filled between the mirror plate and the babbitt metal tile, the distance between the mirror plate and the babbitt metal tile is equivalent to the thickness of an oil film; the bearing among all the tiles is uniform, and the stress deviation is not more than 5%.
the influence of the processing factors of the mirror plate of the unit, the nonuniformity of the material and other factors on the measurement precision of the eddy current displacement sensor is eliminated. The method comprises the steps of rotating a mirror plate on a test unit of an installed sensor in a manual barring mode, stopping barring after a preset angle is separated by adopting high-frequency acquisition and angle encoder position measurement functions, and stopping barring for a certain period of time after standing, wherein the preset angle is a value of 36-degree rotation or less in the embodiment, and the standing time is not less than 10 min. Recording the numerical value of the current position eddy current sensor, repeating the step, and continuously turning the electric vehicle at the same angle until turning the electric vehicle for one whole circle; the uniqueness of an initial measuring point is ensured through multiple turning, specifically, the rotation is repeated for more than 3 circles, and the average value of the actual values of the eddy currents at the same position in the process is used as the initial value of the point.
And 4, acquiring data after the test unit is started:
starting a testing unit, after the testing unit stably runs under the conditions of rated rotating speed and rated load, measuring the eddy current in a multi-zero-point replacement mode, namely replacing the actual value of the eddy current displacement sensor at the measuring point of the last encoder when the mirror plate rotates to the measuring point position recorded by the encoder when the mirror plate rotates to the turning disc, and measuring the thickness of an oil film in the running process of the unit by making a difference between the actual value and the initial value of the running;
and 5, establishing a functional relation curve through the acquired oil film temperature and the oil film thickness, and calculating the oil film thickness of other tiles based on the two babbitt metal tiles provided with the eddy current displacement sensor.
Example 1
The method is characterized in that a test unit of the installed sensor rotates a mirror plate in a manual turning mode, after the mirror plate is stopped for 10min at 22.5 degrees, the average value of corresponding actual values of all electric eddy currents of 16 position points is recorded by an encoder to serve as an initial value, and specific data measured by a #1 oil inlet end electric eddy current displacement sensor 1, a #1 oil outlet end electric eddy current displacement sensor 2, a #5 oil inlet end electric eddy current displacement sensor 3 and a #5 oil outlet end electric eddy current displacement sensor 4 are shown in table 1 in detail
TABLE 1 average of actual values of 16 position points 3 weeks after manual turning
The curve of the measured values of the sensors on the 1# watt was recorded as shown in FIG. 3 when the operation was carried out at 600r/min and the load was 4MPa until the parameters were stable.
Example 2
This example is intended to verify the correctness of step 5 in calculating the thickness of the oil film of the other tile based on the two babbitt tiles on which the eddy current displacement sensor is arranged.
On the basis of the embodiment 1, the test unit is operated under a stable state, the rotating speed and the load of the test unit are kept constant, the cooling capacity is changed, the oil film temperature is changed, and a relation curve of the oil film thickness and the oil film temperature of the 1# watt thrust bearing shown in the figure 4 is obtained.
In FIG. 3 of example 1, the oil film thickness of the No. 1W oil inlet end is 0.107mm, the oil film thickness of the No. 1W oil outlet end is 0.035mm, and the oil film temperature of the No. 1W oil outlet end is 63.5 ℃ measured by the No. 1 temperature sensor 5; in example 2, when the oil film temperature of the No. 1 watt was 63.5 ℃, the oil film temperature of the No. 5 watt measured by the No. 5 temperature sensor 6 was 62.6 ℃ on the upper computer, the oil film thickness of the oil inlet end of the No. 5 watt was 0.120mm, the oil film thickness of the oil outlet end was 0.043mm, the measured oil film thickness of the oil inlet end of examples 1 and 3 was 0.117mm, the error was 0.003mm, the measured oil film thickness of the oil outlet end was 0.045mm, and the error was 0.002mm, which were calculated according to the curve relationship of FIG. 4. Therefore, the theory of the step 5 is correct, so that the thickness of the oil film at the oil inlet and the oil outlet can be calculated according to the oil film temperature of other tiles, and the number of sensors and the complexity of system hardware are reduced.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for measuring the thickness of an oil film of a thrust bearing-Babbitt metal tile for a water turbine is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, setting and installing a sensor on a bearing:
oil inlet end eddy current displacement sensors for measuring the oil film thickness change of the oil inlet ends in real time are respectively arranged at the oil inlet ends of two opposite babbitt metal tiles;
oil outlet end eddy current displacement sensors for measuring the thickness change of an oil film at the oil end in real time are respectively arranged at the oil outlet ends of the two babbit metal tiles which are arranged oppositely;
each babbitt metal tile is provided with a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of an oil film;
step 2, mounting a bearing and mounting a test unit sensor:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) mounting a thrust bearing with a sensor mounted on a testing unit, mounting an angle measurement encoder for measuring position information on the testing unit, and connecting an eddy current displacement sensor with a data acquisition unit and a data processing unit;
step 3, initial measurement point calibration:
rotating the test unit mirror plate in a manual barring manner, stopping barring at a preset angle interval, standing for a certain time, recording the numerical value of the current position eddy current sensor, repeating the step, and continuing to barring for the same angle until the whole cycle of barring;
and 4, acquiring data after the test unit is started:
starting a testing unit, after the testing unit stably runs under the conditions of rated rotating speed and rated load, measuring the eddy current in a multi-zero-point replacement mode, namely replacing the actual value of the eddy current displacement sensor at the measuring point of the last encoder when the mirror plate rotates to the measuring point position recorded by the encoder when the mirror plate rotates to the turning disc, and measuring the thickness of an oil film in the running process of the unit by making a difference between the actual value and the initial value of the running;
and 5, establishing a functional relation curve through the acquired oil film temperature and the oil film thickness, and calculating the oil film thickness of other tiles based on the two babbitt metal tiles provided with the eddy current displacement sensor.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature sensor is disposed in a region where a surface temperature is highest during an operation of the babbitt metal tile.
3. The method for measuring the oil film thickness of the babbitt metal tile as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 3, the uniqueness of the initial measurement point is ensured by turning for a plurality of times, specifically, the rotation is repeated for more than 3 circles, and the average value of the actual values of the eddy currents at the same position in the process is taken as the initial value of the point.
4. The method for measuring the oil film thickness of babbitt metal tile as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein in said step 3, said predetermined angle is a rotation of 36 ° or less, and the rest time is not less than 10 min.
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| CN112284575A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2021-01-29 | 西安交通大学 | On-line bearing load monitoring method based on eddy current displacement sensor |
| CN113375623A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-09-10 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Device and method for measuring thickness of oil film of main bearing of engine |
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