CN111336538A - Device and method for reducing coking of boiler combusting high-alkali coal and biomass - Google Patents

Device and method for reducing coking of boiler combusting high-alkali coal and biomass Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111336538A
CN111336538A CN202010305129.9A CN202010305129A CN111336538A CN 111336538 A CN111336538 A CN 111336538A CN 202010305129 A CN202010305129 A CN 202010305129A CN 111336538 A CN111336538 A CN 111336538A
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China
Prior art keywords
coking
fixing
boiler
powder
coal
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Pending
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CN202010305129.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
吴锁贞
张洪
程健林
王庆松
伦飞
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Jiangsu Fangtian Power Technology Co Ltd
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Jiangsu Fangtian Power Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202010305129.9A priority Critical patent/CN111336538A/en
Publication of CN111336538A publication Critical patent/CN111336538A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J3/00Removing solid residues from passages or chambers beyond the fire, e.g. from flues by soot blowers
    • F23J3/02Cleaning furnace tubes; Cleaning flues or chimneys
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J9/00Preventing premature solidification of molten combustion residues

Abstract

The invention provides a device for reducing coking of a boiler combusting high-alkali coal and biomass, which comprises an injection device and a feeding bin, wherein the injection device is connected with the feeding bin, and mineral powder is arranged in the feeding bin; the spraying device is arranged on the side wall of the boiler flue 1-1.5 m in front of the superheater, a spraying inlet is formed in the side wall of the boiler flue, and the spraying device extends into the boiler flue through the spraying inlet; the mineral powder in the feeding bin is sprayed into a boiler flue through a spraying device and is used for adsorbing low-melting-point salt existing in a liquid phase form in the flue gas; the invention also provides a method for reducing coking of a boiler burning the high-alkali coal and the biomass. The invention can condense liquid drops on the surface of inorganic mineral powder, reduce the liquid drop amount, prevent low-melting-point salt from colliding with the surface to be condensed to form coking after entering the heat exchanger, reduce the coking, have no influence on the normal operation of the boiler, improve the production efficiency and reduce the maintenance cost of the boiler; the invention has the advantages of reasonable design, simple operation, low cost, strong practicability and suitability for popularization.

Description

Device and method for reducing coking of boiler combusting high-alkali coal and biomass
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of thermal power generation, and particularly relates to a device and a method for reducing coking of a boiler burning high-alkali coal and biomass.
Background
Although new energy sources (such as solar energy, wind energy, biomass and the like) in China are rapidly developed, coal is still the main energy source in China, and the trend is difficult to reverse within a foreseeable time. With the rapid development of Chinese economy for decades, coal resources in densely populated areas are exhausted or will be exhausted, and the storage amount of the Xinjiang east China coal field discovered in 2005 is as high as 39Gt and is inevitably one of the main energy sources in China in the future. The coal rank of the eastern Junggar coal is low, the volatile component is high, the ash content and the sulfur content are low, the combustion speed is high, the burnout is good, and the eastern Junggar coal is ideal coal for power. However, the problems of serious coking and serious influence on the normal operation of the boiler mostly exist in the burning process of the powder coal boiler. Similar problems exist in biomass combustion power generation processes.
Researches prove that the high coking property of the coal furnace can be caused by the high alkali content of the east-Junggar low-rank coal, the biomass potassium, the biomass sodium and the like, and different researchers propose various methods for reducing coking, wherein the methods comprise leaching dealkalization by an organic and inorganic solvent, low-temperature heating dealkalization, coal blending, mineral material mixing and the like; however, leaching and low temperature dealkalization processes are complex and costly; the Sinkiang area is lack of high-melting point coal types, the coal blending is difficult to popularize, and the effect of blending minerals is limited; at present, mineral materials are doped into coal by a plurality of techniques and are subjected to the whole combustion process like pulverized coal, however, the probability of liquid drops being adsorbed on the surface of the mineral materials is lower because the temperature of the mineral materials is the same as that of the liquid drops and the temperature of the liquid drops flow along with flue gas, and the fact is proved by practice. Therefore, a high-efficiency low-cost method for solving the coking problem of the high-alkali coal is not available at present. Based on the above, the invention provides a device and a method for reducing coking of a boiler burning high-alkali coal and biomass.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that high-alkali coal and biomass boilers in the east-west region are easy to coke at present and provide a device for reducing coking of the high-alkali coal and biomass boilers;
it is a second object of the present invention to provide a method of mitigating coking in boilers burning high alkali coal and biomass.
The invention provides a method for spraying mineral powder to adsorb liquid-phase low-melting-point salt in front of a coking part of a boiler heat exchanger, so as to reduce the coking problem of high-alkali coal and biomass boilers.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a device for reducing coking of a boiler burning high-alkali coal and biomass comprises an injection device and a feeding bin, wherein the injection device is connected with the feeding bin, and mineral powder is arranged in the feeding bin; the spraying device is arranged on the side wall of the boiler flue, a spraying inlet is formed in the side wall of the boiler flue, and the spraying device extends into the boiler flue through the spraying inlet; mineral powder in the feeding bin is sprayed into a boiler flue through a spraying device and is used for adsorbing low-melting-point salt existing in a liquid phase form in flue gas, and then low-melting-point salt liquid drops are prevented from colliding with the surface of a heat exchanger and condensing to form coking after entering the heat exchanger.
Further, the injection device is arranged on the side wall of the boiler flue 1-1.5 m in front of the superheater.
Further, the injection device is arranged on the side wall of the boiler flue through a fixing device; the fixing device comprises a fixing table and a fixing frame, the fixing table is fixedly connected with the side wall of the boiler flue, a plurality of fixing frames are arranged on the fixing table, and the fixing frames can be used for fixing the injection device and play a role of a stabilizing device.
Further, the fixing frame comprises a base, a first fixing sheet and a second fixing sheet, the base is installed on the fixing table, and the first fixing sheet and the second fixing sheet are arranged on the base; the first fixing piece and the second fixing piece form a fixing cavity matched with the shape and size of the injection pipe body, and the first fixing piece and the second fixing piece are fixedly connected through a bolt and nut fixing piece.
Furthermore, the feeding bin is arranged above the feeding hole of the injection device and is fixedly connected with the injection device through a flange.
Further, the injection device is a gas-solid injector.
A method for reducing coking of a boiler burning high-alkali coal and biomass comprises the steps of spraying mineral powder in a boiler flue and in front of a superheater, condensing low-melting-point salt liquid drops existing in a liquid phase form in flue gas on the surface of the mineral powder, and further preventing the low-melting-point salt from impacting the surface of a heat exchanger to be condensed to form coking after entering the heat exchanger.
Further, the low-melting-point salt is one or more of sodium sulfate, potassium chloride and sodium chloride.
Further, the mineral powder is an inorganic mineral powder having a large heat capacity and a high sintering strength.
Further, the mineral powder is one or more of quartz powder, feldspar powder, kaolin powder, zeolite powder, vermiculite powder and coal ash powder, but limestone powder, magnesite powder or gypsum powder cannot be selected.
Furthermore, the granularity of the mineral powder is 200-325 meshes.
Further, the mineral powder is sprayed into a boiler flue at a speed of 15-25 m/s.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, inorganic mineral material powder is directly sprayed into the boiler flue before the boiler heat exchanger, so that low-melting-point salt liquid drops are condensed on the surface of the inorganic mineral material, thereby greatly reducing the liquid drop amount, preventing the low-melting-point salt liquid drops from colliding with the surface of the heat exchanger to be condensed to form coking after entering the heat exchanger, achieving the purpose of reducing coking, not influencing the normal operation of the boiler, improving the production efficiency and reducing the maintenance cost of the boiler;
(2) the mineral powder injection device is arranged on the side wall of the boiler flue through the fixing device, and the injection device is fixed on the fixing table through the fixing frame, so that the injection device can be kept stable in the operation process; the invention has the advantages of reasonable design, simple and easy operation, flexible device, low cost, strong practicability and suitable popularization, and can effectively reduce the coking effect of the boiler.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a fixing frame according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the reference numbers in the drawings are: 1. an injection device; 2. a feeding bin; 3. a boiler flue; 4. a fixing device; 4-1, a fixed table; 4-2, fixing frames; 4-2-1, a base; 4-2-2, a first fixing sheet; 4-2-3, a second fixing sheet; 5. an injection inlet; 6. a bolt and nut fixing member; 7. a boiler furnace; 8. a heat exchanger; 9. a bag-removing dust collector; A. a compressed air power source; B. the direction of flue gas flow.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Referring to the figures, the invention provides a device for reducing coking of a boiler burning high-alkali coal and biomass, which comprises an injection device 1 and a feeding bin 2, wherein the injection device 1 is connected with the feeding bin 2, and mineral powder is arranged in the feeding bin 2; the injection device 1 is arranged on the side wall of the boiler flue 3, an injection inlet 5 is arranged on the side wall of the boiler flue 3, and the injection device 1 extends into the boiler flue 3 through the injection inlet 5; mineral powder in the feeding bin 2 is sprayed into a boiler flue 3 through the spraying device 1 and is used for adsorbing low-melting-point salt existing in a liquid phase form in flue gas, and then low-melting-point salt liquid drops are prevented from colliding with the surface of a heat exchanger and condensing to form coking after entering the heat exchanger.
In the embodiment of the invention, the injection device 1 is arranged on the side wall of the boiler flue 3 at the position 1-1.5 m in front of the superheater.
In the embodiment of the invention, the injection device 1 is arranged on the side wall of the boiler flue 3 through a fixing device 4; the fixing device 4 comprises a fixing table 4-1 and a fixing frame 4-2, the fixing table 4-1 is detachably and fixedly connected with the side wall of the boiler flue 3, a plurality of fixing frames 4-2 are arranged on the fixing table 4-1, and the fixing frame 4-2 can be used for fixing the injection device 1 and plays a role of a stabilizing device; the fixing frame 4-2 comprises a base 4-2-1, a first fixing sheet 4-2-2 and a second fixing sheet 4-2-3, the base 4-2-1 is arranged on the fixing table 4-1, and the first fixing sheet 4-2-2 and the second fixing sheet 4-2-3 are arranged on the base 4-2-1; the first fixing piece 4-2-2 and the second fixing piece 4-2-3 form a fixing cavity matched with the shape and size of the injection pipe body, and the first fixing piece 4-2-2 and the second fixing piece 4-2-3 are fixedly connected through a bolt and nut fixing piece 6.
In the embodiment of the invention, the feeding bin 2 is arranged above the feeding hole of the injection device and is fixedly connected with the injection device 1 through a flange; the injection device 1 is a gas-solid injector; the injection device used in the present embodiment is a conventional gas-solid injector, and the structure of the injection device is not described herein.
The invention also provides a method for reducing coking of a boiler combusting high-alkali coal and biomass, which is characterized in that the mineral powder is sprayed in the boiler flue 3 and in front of the superheater, so that low-melting-point salt existing in a liquid phase form in flue gas is condensed on the surface of the mineral powder, and further low-melting-point salt liquid drops are prevented from colliding with the surface of the heat exchanger to be condensed to form coking after entering the heat exchanger; the low-melting-point salt is one or more of sodium sulfate, potassium chloride and sodium chloride.
The mineral powder selected by the invention is inorganic mineral powder with large heat capacity and high sintering strength; specifically, the mineral powder is one or more of quartz powder, feldspar powder, kaolin powder, zeolite powder, vermiculite powder and coal ash powder; the granularity of the mineral powder is 200-325 meshes; the mineral powder is sprayed into the boiler flue 3 at a speed of 15-25 m/s.
The principle of the invention is as follows: in the combustion process of a boiler (about 1300 ℃), alkali in high-alkali coal and biomass volatilizes, sulfur in coal combusts to form sulfur dioxide, chlorine combusts to form chloride ions, the sulfur dioxide and the chlorine combusts to form sodium sulfate, sodium chloride and other low-melting-point salts, and the sodium sulfate, the sodium chloride and the chloride are combined in flue gas and exist in a liquid phase in a boiler heat exchanger area (about 1000 ℃); the liquid drops impact the surface of the heat exchanger and are condensed to form coke, which seriously influences the normal operation of the boiler. Therefore, the invention provides that inorganic mineral material powder is directly sprayed into a boiler flue before a heat exchanger (low-melting-point salt liquid phase is formed), because the temperature of the inorganic mineral material powder is low, and the collision probability of the sprayed powder and low-melting-point salt liquid drops is greatly improved, the low-melting-point salt liquid drops are condensed on the surface of the inorganic mineral material, the liquid drop amount is greatly reduced, the low-melting-point salt is prevented from colliding with the surface of the heat exchanger to be condensed to form coking after entering the heat exchanger, and the aim of reducing coking is fulfilled. After the low-melting-point salt liquid drops are condensed on the surface of the inorganic mineral material, the low-melting-point salt liquid drops enter the next stage together with the flue gas, and the normal operation of the boiler is not influenced.
In the selection of mineral materials, inorganic materials with large heat capacity and high sintering strength are selected, and quartz, feldspar and the like are selected as much as possible; certainly, the fly ash discharged by the power plant can be reused after being screened to remove coarse substances and impurities, so that the cost is reduced; in addition, the granularity of the mineral powder is proper, and the effect is influenced because the coarse adsorption effect is small; the mineral powder has small granularity, large contact area with high-temperature coking salt materials and good absorption effect, but the smaller the granularity of the mineral powder, the larger the investment and the power consumption of grinding equipment, and the load of a dust remover after the powder is too fine, so the granularity of the mineral material is optimally controlled between 200 meshes and 325 meshes.
The method for testing the sintering strength of the mineral material comprises the following steps:
(1) determination of coking material composition
Crushing and grinding the coking slag blocks on the surface of the heat exchanger to be less than 0.2 mm, carrying out XRD analysis on the mineral composition of the coking slag blocks, and judging the coking substances which may contain KCl, NaCl and Na2SO4、K2SO4Etc.;
(2) preparation of mineral material powder
Selecting silicate mineral materials such as quartz, kaolin, zeolite, vermiculite, feldspar, fly ash and the like, crushing and grinding the silicate mineral materials to 200-mesh 325 meshes for later use;
(3) determination of sintering Strength
The evaporative salt type for coking in a particular boiler is determined from the foregoing tests and the evaporative salt (e.g., Na)2SO4) Grinding to below 0.2 mm; according to the evaporation of salt: mixing mineral materials at ratio of 3:1, and weighingTaking 0.5 g of mixed sample, putting the mixed sample into a phi 10mm (inner diameter) die, and pressing the mixed sample into a cylinder with the diameter of 10mm under the pressure of 2000 psi and the constant pressure of 30 s; heating the sample to 1000 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10 min, taking out, cooling, and then carrying out crushing strength analysis, wherein a mineral material which has high sintering strength and is not melted is selected as a spraying material.
Example 1: method for reducing coking of Xinjiang east Junggar coal ash by adopting quartz powder low-temperature injection method
Crushing quartz sand to below 6 mm, and grinding to below 200 meshes; storing in a feeding bin; compressed air is sprayed into a flue 1 m in front of the superheater at the speed of 20 m/s; the feeding amount of the quartz powder is adjusted, so that the coking of the boiler is greatly reduced.
Example 2: method for reducing coking of Xinjiang east-east coal ash by adopting fly ash low-temperature injection method
Removing coarse particles larger than 0.2 mm from the coarse fly ash in the power plant by using a cyclone classifier, sieving to remove impurities, and storing fine fly ash in a feeding bin; compressed air is sprayed into a flue 1 m in front of the superheater at the speed of 25 m/s; the feeding amount of the fly ash powder is adjusted, so that the coking of the boiler is greatly reduced.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and decorations without departing from the principle of the present invention should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The device for reducing coking of the boiler combusting the high-alkali coal and the biomass is characterized by comprising an injection device (1) and a feeding bin (2), wherein the injection device (1) is connected with the feeding bin (2), and mineral powder is arranged in the feeding bin (2); the spraying device (1) is arranged on the side wall of the boiler flue (3), a spraying inlet (5) is formed in the side wall of the boiler flue (3), and the spraying device (1) extends into the boiler flue (3) through the spraying inlet (5); mineral powder in the feeding bin (2) is sprayed into a boiler flue (3) through a spraying device (1) and is used for adsorbing low-melting-point salt existing in a liquid phase form in flue gas, and then low-melting-point salt liquid drops are prevented from colliding with the surface of a heat exchanger and condensing to form coking after entering the heat exchanger.
2. The device for reducing coking of boilers combusting high alkali coal and biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that the injection device (1) is arranged on the side wall of the boiler flue (3) 1-1.5 m before the superheater.
3. The device for reducing coking of boilers burning high alkali coal and biomass according to claim 2, characterized in that the injection device (1) is arranged on the side wall of the boiler flue (3) by a fixing device (4); the fixing device (4) comprises a fixing table (4-1) and fixing frames (4-2), the fixing table (4-1) is fixedly connected with the side wall of the boiler flue (3), the fixing table (4-1) is provided with a plurality of fixing frames (4-2), and the fixing frames (4-2) can be used for fixing the injection device (1) and play a role of a stabilizing device.
4. The device for reducing coking of boilers burning high alkali coal and biomass according to claim 3, characterized in that the fixing frame (4-2) comprises a base (4-2-1), a first fixing piece (4-2-2) and a second fixing piece (4-2-3), the base (4-2-1) is installed on the fixing table (4-1), and the first fixing piece (4-2-2) and the second fixing piece (4-2-3) are arranged on the base (4-2-1); the first fixing piece (4-2-2) and the second fixing piece (4-2-3) form a fixing cavity matched with the shape and size of the injection pipe body, and the first fixing piece (4-2-2) and the second fixing piece (4-2-3) are connected and fixed through a bolt and nut fixing piece (6).
5. The device for reducing the coking of boilers combusting high alkali coal and biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that the feeding bin (2) is arranged above the feeding hole of the injection device and is fixedly connected with the injection device (1) through a flange; the injection device (1) is a gas-solid injector.
6. A method for reducing coking of a boiler burning high-alkali coal and biomass is characterized in that mineral powder is sprayed in a boiler flue (3) and in front of a superheater, so that low-melting-point salt existing in a liquid phase form in flue gas is condensed on the surface of the mineral powder, and further low-melting-point salt liquid drops are prevented from colliding with the surface of a heat exchanger and condensing to form coking after entering the heat exchanger.
7. The method for mitigating coking in boilers burning high alkali coal and biomass of claim 6, wherein said low melting point salt is one or more of sodium sulfate, potassium chloride and sodium chloride.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the mineral powder is an inorganic mineral powder with high heat capacity and high sintering strength, and is one or more selected from quartz powder, feldspar powder, kaolin powder, zeolite powder, vermiculite powder and coal ash powder.
9. The method for reducing coking of boilers burning highly alkaline coal and biomass according to claim 8, wherein said mineral powder has a particle size of 200-325 mesh.
10. The method for reducing coking of boilers burning highly alkaline coal and biomass according to claim 9, characterized in that the mineral powder is injected into the boiler flue (3) at a velocity of 15-25 m/s.
CN202010305129.9A 2020-04-17 2020-04-17 Device and method for reducing coking of boiler combusting high-alkali coal and biomass Pending CN111336538A (en)

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CN202010305129.9A CN111336538A (en) 2020-04-17 2020-04-17 Device and method for reducing coking of boiler combusting high-alkali coal and biomass

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010305129.9A CN111336538A (en) 2020-04-17 2020-04-17 Device and method for reducing coking of boiler combusting high-alkali coal and biomass

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112480986A (en) * 2020-11-25 2021-03-12 中国科学院福建物质结构研究所 Coke inhibitor and preparation method and use method thereof
CN113444556A (en) * 2021-01-19 2021-09-28 中国科学院福建物质结构研究所 Biomass power generation boiler coke inhibitor and use method and application thereof

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112480986A (en) * 2020-11-25 2021-03-12 中国科学院福建物质结构研究所 Coke inhibitor and preparation method and use method thereof
CN113444556A (en) * 2021-01-19 2021-09-28 中国科学院福建物质结构研究所 Biomass power generation boiler coke inhibitor and use method and application thereof
CN113444556B (en) * 2021-01-19 2023-09-08 中国科学院福建物质结构研究所 Coke inhibitor for biomass power generation boiler, and use method and application thereof

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