CN111332233A - 一种基于超级电容的汽车起停系统与能量回收系统 - Google Patents

一种基于超级电容的汽车起停系统与能量回收系统 Download PDF

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CN111332233A
CN111332233A CN202010224652.9A CN202010224652A CN111332233A CN 111332233 A CN111332233 A CN 111332233A CN 202010224652 A CN202010224652 A CN 202010224652A CN 111332233 A CN111332233 A CN 111332233A
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super capacitor
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郭珍年
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Chongqing Changan Automobile Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • B60R16/033Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T1/00Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
    • B60T1/02Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels
    • B60T1/10Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels by utilising wheel movement for accumulating energy, e.g. driving air compressors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0862Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by the electrical power supply means, e.g. battery
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0862Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by the electrical power supply means, e.g. battery
    • F02N11/0866Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by the electrical power supply means, e.g. battery comprising several power sources, e.g. battery and capacitor or two batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/1415Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with a generator driven by a prime mover other than the motor of a vehicle
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/1438Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle in combination with power supplies for loads other than batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N2011/0881Components of the circuit not provided for by previous groups
    • F02N2011/0885Capacitors, e.g. for additional power supply
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40Engine management systems
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种基于超级电容的汽车起停系统与能量回收系统,涉及汽车控制技术领域,包括ECU、工业总线、智能发电机、起动机、DCDC模块、超级电容、蓄电池以及整车用电器,ECU通过工业总线与智能发电机连接,智能发电机与起动机及超级电容并联并与DCDC模块串联;ECU还通过工业总线与DCDC模块连接,蓄电池和整车用电器并联并与DCDC模块串联;超级电容为起动机供电,蓄电池为整车用电器供电,使得车辆起停电源与整车用电器电源独立供电。通过本发明解决了汽车在起动过程中大电流放电导致蓄电池电压过低,导致车辆电源系统不够稳定的技术问题。还利用超级电容强大的充电接收能力,提升车辆能量回收的效率。

Description

一种基于超级电容的汽车起停系统与能量回收系统
技术领域
本发明属于汽车控制技术领域,具体涉及一种基于超级电容的汽车起停系统与能量回收系统。
背景技术
当发动机起动时,蓄电池将化学能转变成电能输出驱动起起动机工作;当发动机起动后,智能发电机对蓄电池进行充电,此时蓄电池将电能转变为化学能贮存起来,由于蓄电池的输出电能和贮存电能都需要进行能量转换,这就产生了两个缺陷,一个是能量转换有效率的出现必然导致部分能量损失,一个是能量转换的速度也限制了蓄电池的充、放电速度。在需要进行频繁起动的环境下,蓄电池会因此容易出现瞬时输出电流不足而令起动机转速下降,进而导致发动机起动时间增长。
当前汽车的起停系统电源和整车电器供电电源都是由同一个铅酸电池提供,由于铅酸蓄电池的内阻大,起动过程中的大电流放电容易导致蓄电池电压过低。在低温以及蓄电池电量过低等情况下,整车用电器电源电压容易超出其工作电压范围,进而导致整车用电器掉电复位,仪表、娱乐主机等发生黑屏等故障。在欧美市场,有少量基于超级电容的起停系统,如i-eloop起停系统,但其结构复杂,需要专用电压等级的智能发电机,成本高,通用性差。在国内市场,也有一些以超级电容作为储能装置的非混合动力乘用车。但超级电容仅用来做制动能量回收,利用率不高。
如中国专利文献CN201510900347.6公开了一种基于超级电容的汽车起停系统及方法 ,描述了一种基于超级电容的起停系统,应用两个电子开关进行蓄电池与超级电容切换,应用大电感进行超级电容限流,但其结构依然复杂,电感体积重量均很大,且属于被动控制,无法根据车辆工况进行调节,适应性差。
因此,有必要开发一种基于超级电容的汽车起停系统及能量回收系统。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种基于超级电容的汽车起停系统与能量回收系统,用于解决汽车在极端低温天气或在起动过程中大电流放电导致蓄电池电压过低技术问题。同时,基于超级电容强大的充电接收能力,能显著提升车辆能量回收的效率。
本发明提供了一种基于超级电容的汽车起停系统与能量回收系统,包括ECU、工业总线、智能发电机、起动机、超级电容、蓄电池以及整车用电器,还包括DCDC模块,所述ECU通过工业总线与所述智能发电机连接,智能发电机与所述起动机及所述超级电容并联并与DCDC模块串联;ECU还通过工业总线与DCDC模块连接,所述蓄电池和所述整车用电器并联并与DCDC模块串联;所述DCDC模块包括旁路开关以及与所述旁路开关并联的DC/DC转换器;在车辆起动时,起动机由超级电容供电,整车用电器由蓄电池供电;在车辆起动后,智能发电机对超级电容充电,同时通过闭合DCDC模块旁路开关对蓄电池进行充电并对整车用电器供电;在车辆制动阶段通过智能发电机与超级电容配合工作快速回收制动能量;在车辆停车后,所述DCDC模块断开两侧电源。
进一步地,所述工业总线采用LIM总线。
进一步地,在汽车起动过程中,所述旁路开关断开,所述DC/DC转换器不工作, ECU通过LIM总线查询DCDC模块两端电源电压;若所述超级电容的电压高于汽车起动所需最低电压值,ECU控制起动机工作,汽车起动;若所述超级电容的电压低于汽车起动所需最低电压值,ECU控制DCDC模块中的DC/DC转换器工作,通过蓄电池对超级电容进行充电,直至超级电容的电压高于汽车起动最低电压值,DC/DC转换器停止工作,ECU控制起动机工作,汽车起动。
进一步地,在汽车完成起动后,ECU通过LIM总线分别查询智能发电机、超级电容以及蓄电池的电压值;设置智能发电机输出的电压值,使智能发电机电压与蓄电池的电压差值小于预设值;ECU控制旁路开关闭合,智能发电机对蓄电池及整车用电器进行供电。
进一步地,在汽车制动时,ECU控制智能发电机提高输出电压,为超级电容充电。
进一步地,在汽车加速过程中,ECU控制智能发电机停止输出,整车用电器由超级电容及蓄电池共同供电。
本发明带来了以下有益效果:
通过本发明所述的一种基于超级电容的汽车起停系统及能量回收系统,使车辆起停电源与整车用电器电源能够独立供电,保证了汽车电源电压的稳定性。还解决了汽车在极端低温天气或在起动过程中大电流放电导致蓄电池电压过低时,出现的汽车电源系统不够稳定的技术问题。同时还利用超级电容的快速充放电的特点,将汽车在制动时的动能转换为电能存储在超级电容内,实现了回收制动能量的目的,
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能更明显易懂,下文特举较佳实施例,并配合所附附图,作详细说明如下。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述的一种基于超级电容的汽车起停系统与能量回收系统的结构示意图;
图2为本发明所述的一种基于超级电容的汽车起停系统与能量回收系统在起动过程中的工作原理的结构示意图;
图3为本发明所述的一种基于超级电容的汽车起停系统与能量回收系统在起动成功后及能量回收的工作原理的结构示意图;;
图4为本发明所述的一种基于超级电容的汽车起停系统与能量回收系统在车辆加速时的工作原理的结构示意图;
图中:1-ECU、2-LIM总线、3-DCDC模块、4-智能发电机、5-起动机、6-超级电容、7-蓄电池、8-整车用电器。
具体实施方式
如图1所示,一种基于超级电容的汽车起停系统与能量回收系统,包括ECU1、工业总线、DCDC模块3、智能发电机4、起动机5、超级电容6、蓄电池7以及整车用电器8。其中,所述DCDC模块包括旁路开关以及与所述旁路开关并联的DC/DC转换器,所述ECU1的通过工业总线与所述智能发电机4连接,所述智能发电机4与所述起动机5及所述超级电容6并联之后再与DCDC模块3串联。ECU1还通过工业总线与DCDC模块3连接,所述蓄电池7和所述整车用电器8并联并与DCDC模块3串联。
在车辆起动时,通过超级电容6为起动机5供电,蓄电池7为整车用电器8供电,使得车辆起停电源与整车用电器电源能够独立供电,从而起到稳定整车电源电压的目的。解决传统起停系统带来起动时整车用电器供电电压过低的问题。由于蓄电池在本发明中,仅用于整车供电,所以可以使用单位容量较小的蓄电池进行供电,降低了蓄电池的生产成本。
需要说明的是,上述工业总线采用了包括但不限于LIM总线2的一种工业总线,ECU通过该LIM总线查询智能发电机4、超级电容6以及蓄电池7的电压值,用以监测汽车各部件工作的情况,并及时反馈给驾驶人员,作出相应的操作措施。
进一步地,如图2所示,所述DCDC模块3包括旁路开关以及与所述旁路开关并联的DC/DC转换器。在汽车起动过程中,所述旁路开关断开,所述DC/DC转换器保持不工作的状态,ECU1通过LIM总线2查询DCDC模块两端电源电压对汽车起动过程最低电压值进行判断。若所述超级电容6的电压高于汽车起动过程所需最低电压值,则ECU1控制起动机5工作,汽车完成起动;若所述超级电容的电压低于汽车起动过程所需最低电压值,则DC/DC转换器通过蓄电池7对超级电容6进行快速充电,直至超级电容6的电压高于汽车起动过程中最低电压值,DC/DC转换器停止工作,再由ECU1控制起动机工作,汽车完成起动。
当汽车完成起动后,如图3所示,通过智能发电机4与超级电容6回收制动能量,具体步骤包括:首先使ECU1通过LIM总线2分别查询智能发电机4、超级电容6以及蓄电池7的电压值;然后设置智能发电机4输出的电压值,使智能发电机电源小于智能发电机4与蓄电池7的电压差值,其中,智能发电机4输出的电压值小于智能发电机4与蓄电池7的电压差值范围控制在1V之内,通过关闭旁路开关,使智能发电机4能够对超级电容6进行充电,还能对蓄电池7及整车用电器8进行供电。
同时基于超级电容6快速充放电的特性,在汽车制动时,ECU1控制智能发电机4提高输出电压,通过智能发电机4将汽车的动能转换为电能存储在超级电容6内,达到回收制动能量的目的,从而节省汽车的能源消耗。在汽车制动时,ECU1控制智能发电机4输出最大电压值15V,由于超级电容6的内阻很低,大部分充电电流过超级电容6被存储起来,实现快速将制动动能转换为电能并存储起来的目的。同时,在汽车运动过程中通过随时调节智能发电机4的负荷进而改善发动机的工作效率,使发动机一直处于工作效率较高的状态,以提高发动机的燃油经济性。
如图4所示,在汽车完成起动进行车辆加速过程中,ECU1控制智能发电机4停止供电,整车用电器8由超级电容6及蓄电池7共同供电,此时发动机仅对汽车加速做功,用以提高发动机热效率。

Claims (6)

1.一种基于超级电容的汽车起停系统与能量回收系统,包括ECU(1)、工业总线、智能发电机(4)、起动机(5)、超级电容(6)、蓄电池(7)以及整车用电器(8),其特征在于,还包括DCDC模块(3),所述ECU(1)通过工业总线与所述智能发电机(3)连接,智能发电机(4)与所述起动机(5)及所述超级电容(6)并联并与DCDC模块(3)串联;ECU(1)还通过工业总线与DCDC模块(3)连接,所述蓄电池(7)和所述整车用电器(8)并联并与DCDC模块(3)串联;
所述DCDC模块(3)包括旁路开关以及与所述旁路开关并联的DC/DC转换器;
在车辆起动时,起动机由超级电容供电,整车用电器由蓄电池供电;
在车辆起动后,智能发电机对超级电容充电,同时通过闭合DCDC模块旁路开关对蓄电池进行充电并对整车用电器供电;
在车辆制动阶段通过智能发电机与超级电容配合工作快速回收制动能量;
在车辆停车后,所述DCDC模块断开两侧电源。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于超级电容的汽车起停系统与能量回收系统,其特征在于,所述工业总线采用LIM总线(2)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的基于超级电容的汽车起停系统与能量回收系统,其特征在于,在汽车起动过程中,所述旁路开关断开,所述DC/DC转换器不工作, ECU(1)通过LIM总线(2)查询DCDC模块(3)两端电源电压;
若所述超级电容(6)的电压高于汽车起动所需最低电压值,ECU控制起动机(5)工作,汽车起动;若所述超级电容(6)的电压低于汽车起动所需最低电压值,ECU控制DCDC模块中的DC/DC转换器工作,通过蓄电池(7)对超级电容(6)进行充电,直至超级电容(6)的电压高于汽车起动最低电压值,DC/DC转换器停止工作,ECU(1)控制起动机(5)工作,汽车起动。
4.根据权利要求3所述的基于超级电容的汽车起停系统与能量回收系统,其特征在于,在汽车完成起动后,ECU(1)通过LIM总线(2)分别查询智能发电机(3)、超级电容(6)以及蓄电池(7)的电压值;设置智能发电机(3)输出的电压值,使智能发电机电压与蓄电池(7)的电压差值小于预设值;ECU控制旁路开关闭合,智能发电机(3)对蓄电池(7)及整车用电器(8)进行供电。
5.根据权利要求1或2或4所述的基于超级电容的汽车起停系统与能量回收系统,其特征在于,在汽车制动时,ECU1控制智能发电机4提高输出电压,为超级电容6充电。
6.根据权利要求5所述的基于超级电容的汽车起停系统与能量回收系统,其特征在于,在汽车加速过程中,ECU控制智能发电机(4)停止输出,整车用电器(8)由超级电容(6)及蓄电池(7)共同供电。
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