CN111330744B - Flotation method and pretreatment method for phosphate rock containing calcite - Google Patents
Flotation method and pretreatment method for phosphate rock containing calcite Download PDFInfo
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- CN111330744B CN111330744B CN201811558150.9A CN201811558150A CN111330744B CN 111330744 B CN111330744 B CN 111330744B CN 201811558150 A CN201811558150 A CN 201811558150A CN 111330744 B CN111330744 B CN 111330744B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/02—Froth-flotation processes
- B03D1/021—Froth-flotation processes for treatment of phosphate ores
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B1/00—Conditioning for facilitating separation by altering physical properties of the matter to be treated
- B03B1/04—Conditioning for facilitating separation by altering physical properties of the matter to be treated by additives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D2203/00—Specified materials treated by the flotation agents; specified applications
- B03D2203/02—Ores
- B03D2203/04—Non-sulfide ores
- B03D2203/06—Phosphate ores
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Abstract
The invention discloses a flotation pretreatment method of phosphate rock containing calcite. The surface treatment agent and the deposit generated by the reaction of the calcite are attached to the surface to change the surface property, and the inhibitor can be better adsorbed on the surface of the calcite. The invention also discloses a flotation method of the phosphate rock containing calcite, which comprises the steps of adding a pH regulator and a collecting agent into the phosphate rock containing calcite after the pretreatment of the flotation pretreatment method, stirring and mixing the mixture, performing foam flotation after mixing the mixture to obtain rough concentrate, and performing concentration on the rough concentrate to obtain high-grade phosphate concentrate. The method is used for treating the phosphate ore with higher calcite content, and has the advantages of simple process, low cost and high recovery rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a flotation method of phosphate rock containing calcite, belonging to the field of comprehensive utilization of phosphate rock resources.
Background
In the proven phosphorite reserves in China, more than 80 percent of phosphorite belongs to middle-low grade phosphorite, and the raw material standard for preparing phosphorus products can be met only by enriching phosphate minerals by a mineral separation method. In the phosphorite flotation process, the most common gangue components are silicate minerals and carbonate minerals, the silicate gangue is mainly silicon-containing minerals such as quartz, chalcedony, mica, clay and the like, and the gangue is mainly removed by scrubbing desliming, direct flotation desiliconization or reverse flotation desiliconization. The carbonate gangue is mainly dolomite and calcite, and the floatability of the dolomite is better than that of phosphate minerals under the acidic condition, so the dolomite gangue can be removed by inhibiting the reverse flotation of the phosphate minerals under the acidic condition. At present, the reverse flotation magnesium removal process is mature, large-scale flotation plants are built in Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou and the like, and the effect is very obvious.
The separation difficulty of calcite in phosphorite is larger, phosphorus element and carbon element are similar in diagonal element property in the periodic table of elements, and calcite and phosphate mineral have the same cation. Dolomite differs from calcite in that dolomite contains the same Ca2+And further contains Mg2+. In the flotation process, calcite and phosphate minerals which are anionic collectors are floated, and have similar floatability in a wide pH range. Also, the separation difficulty increases when silicate and calcite gangue coexist because the gangue distribution of the ore as a mixture is complicated and the two gangue interact with each other to impair the performance of the flotation agent.
The Chinese published patent document CN104307640A discloses a collector for reverse flotation of calcite in phosphate ore, which has better flotation effect than collectors such as oxidized paraffin and alkyl amino phosphonic acid, but has poor flotation effect when used for flotation of silico-calcium phosphate ore, and the existence of siliceous gangue affects the separation of calcite, so that the difference of the selection of the collector on the phosphate ore in different areas is large.
The research on the novel process for flotation of calcite components in high-silicon calcium phosphate ore (chemical engineering, 2013, 6 th stage) shows that the process has the advantages that the process is carried out by taking yao as east and Luojianhong and the like in the research on the novel process for flotation of calcite components in high-silicon calcium phosphate ore (chemical engineering, 2013): the surface property of calcite is changed through pretreatment, so that the flotation effect can be improved by the difference between the surfaces of calcite and phosphate mineral. The acid treatment method changes the surface property of calcite, increases the water absorption of the mineral surface of the calcite, is not favorable for removing the calcite by flotation, and has larger using amount of the collecting agent during the flotation. The process has the advantages of harsh requirements on process conditions, high acid consumption, strong water absorption of calcite, difficult floating, low acid consumption, small change of the surface of the calcite and poor sorting property during flotation.
When the phosphorite containing calcite is treated, the traditional phosphorite flotation process adopts a method of adding a collecting agent for flotation and removal, the properties of calcite and phosphate minerals are too close, high-grade phosphate concentrate is difficult to separate, and the recovery rate of the phosphate concentrate is low. Therefore, the efficient separation of phosphate minerals and calcite is the key for improving the resource utilization of calcite type phosphorite.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that calcite in phosphate ores is difficult to separate in the prior art, and provides a flotation pretreatment method for phosphate ores containing calcite, which is simple and feasible and is beneficial to efficiently separating calcite.
The invention also provides a flotation method of phosphate rock containing calcite, which adopts the pretreatment method.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme. The invention relates to a flotation pretreatment method of phosphate rock containing calcite, which is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of adding a surface treating agent and an inhibitor into the phosphate rock slurry containing calcite for treatment before flotation size mixing; the surface treating agent is one or a combination of sulfuric acid, sulfurous acid and oxalic acid.
The preferable technical scheme of the flotation pretreatment method of the phosphate rock containing calcite is as follows: stirring is carried out while the treatment is carried out, and the stirring time is preferably 30 to 120 minutes. The addition amount of the surface treating agent is 0.5-10 kg/t raw ore. The inhibitor is an inhibitor with strong inhibitory effect on calcite and silicate gangue in phosphorite, and any single inhibitor or inhibitor composition meeting the requirements disclosed in the prior art can be adopted as the inhibitor, such as: water glass, sodium fluosilicate. Calcite inhibitors sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and the like, most preferably a mixture of water glass, sodium fluoride, and sodium lignosulfonate; the mass ratio of the water glass, the sodium fluoride and the sodium lignosulfonate is preferably 10: 1-4: 1-3.
The invention also discloses a flotation method of phosphate rock containing calcite, which is characterized in that the method adopts any one of the flotation pretreatment methods in the technical scheme, and the steps are as follows: adding a surface treating agent and an inhibitor into phosphate ore slurry containing calcite for treatment before flotation size mixing, then adding a pH regulator and a collecting agent for stirring size mixing, performing foam flotation after size mixing to obtain rough concentrate, and performing concentration on the rough concentrate to obtain phosphate concentrate.
The preferable technical scheme of the flotation method of the phosphate rock containing calcite is as follows: the collecting agent is fatty acid soap or a combined agent of the fatty acid soap and a surfactant. The pH regulator is selected from one or more of sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or ammonia water. The most preferable pH regulator is sodium carbonate, and the pH value in the flotation process is controlled to be 8-12.
The rough concentrate obtained by rough concentration in the flotation method can be refined for 1-10 times, and middlings can be returned in sequence. Inhibitors may also be added to the beneficiation.
The carbonate gangue of the phosphorite treated by the method is calcite, and the separation efficiency of the calcite in the phosphorite is low because the surface properties of the calcite and the phosphate ore are extremely close and no efficient calcite collecting agent exists at present.
According to the method, the surface treating agent and the inhibitor are added before flotation and size mixing, the surface treating agent and calcite react to generate precipitates which are attached to the surface to change the surface property of the precipitates, and the inhibitor is adsorbed on the surface of the calcite, so that the inhibiting effect on the calcite can be remarkably improved. Meanwhile, the addition of the acid can clean the surface of phosphate minerals, reduce the surface coverage of gangue minerals to target minerals and enhance the floatability difference with calcite.
Compared with the prior art, the method is simple and efficient, the surface property of the calcite is changed through pretreatment, the inhibition effect is improved by combining the surface of the new mineral with an inhibitor, and the calcite can be efficiently separated through single flotation.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by, but is not limited to, the following examples.
Example 1, a method for pre-treatment of calcite-containing phosphate rock before flotation, which comprises adding a surface treatment agent and an inhibitor into the calcite-containing phosphate rock slurry for treatment before flotation size mixing; the surface treating agent is sulfuric acid, sulfurous acid or oxalic acid. Stirring was carried out while the treatment was being carried out for 30 minutes. The amount of the surface treatment agent added was 0.5kg/t of raw ore. The inhibitor is a mixture of water glass, sodium fluoride and sodium lignosulphonate. The mass ratio of the water glass, the sodium fluoride and the sodium lignosulfonate is 10:1: 1.
Example 2, a method for pre-treatment of calcite-containing phosphate rock before flotation, which comprises adding a surface treatment agent and an inhibitor into the calcite-containing phosphate rock slurry for treatment before flotation size mixing; the surface treating agent is sulfuric acid, sulfurous acid or oxalic acid. Stirring was carried out while the treatment was being carried out for 120 minutes. The amount of the surface treatment agent added was 10kg/t of raw ore. The inhibitor is a mixture of water glass, sodium fluoride and sodium lignosulfonate. The mass ratio of the water glass, the sodium fluoride and the sodium lignosulfonate is 10:4: 3.
Example 3 a method for pre-treatment of calcite-containing phosphate rock before flotation, which comprises adding a surface treatment agent and an inhibitor to the calcite-containing phosphate rock slurry before size mixing; the surface treating agent is a composition of sulfuric acid and sulfurous acid, and the two agents account for half of the total amount. Stirring was carried out while the treatment was being carried out for 60 minutes. The amount of the surface treatment agent added was 2kg/t of raw ore. The inhibitor is a mixture of water glass, sodium fluoride and sodium lignosulfonate. The mass ratio of the water glass, the sodium fluoride and the sodium lignosulfonate is 10:2: 3.
Example 4, a method for pre-treatment of calcite-containing phosphate rock before flotation, which comprises adding a surface treatment agent and an inhibitor into the phosphate rock slurry containing calcite for treatment; the surface treating agent is a composition of sulfuric acid and oxalic acid. Oxalic acid accounts for 30 percent; stirring was carried out while the treatment was being carried out, and the stirring time was 90 minutes. The amount of the surface treatment agent added was 5kg/t of raw ore. The inhibitor is a mixture of water glass, sodium fluoride and sodium lignosulfonate. The mass ratio of the water glass, the sodium fluoride and the sodium lignosulfonate is 10:3: 1.
Example 5 a method for pre-treatment of calcite-containing phosphate rock before flotation, which comprises adding a surface treatment agent and an inhibitor to the calcite-containing phosphate rock slurry before size mixing; the surface treating agent is a composition of sulfuric acid and oxalic acid, and the oxalic acid accounts for 40%. Stirring was carried out while the treatment was being carried out for 40 minutes. The amount of the surface treatment agent added was 1kg/t of raw ore. The inhibitor is a mixture of water glass, sodium fluoride and sodium lignosulfonate. The mass ratio of the water glass, the sodium fluoride and the sodium lignosulfonate is 10:2: 3.
Example 6 a method for pre-treatment of calcite-containing phosphate rock before flotation, which comprises adding a surface treatment agent and an inhibitor to the calcite-containing phosphate rock slurry before size mixing; the surface treating agent is a composition of sulfuric acid, sulfurous acid and oxalic acid, wherein the sulfurous acid accounts for 30 percent, and the oxalic acid accounts for 20 percent. Stirring was carried out for 80 minutes while the treatment was being carried out. The amount of the surface treatment agent added was 8kg/t of raw ore. The inhibitor is a mixture of water glass, sodium fluoride and sodium lignosulfonate. The mass ratio of the water glass, the sodium fluoride and the sodium lignosulfonate is 10:1: 2.
Example 7 a method for the flotation of calcite-containing phosphate rock using the pre-flotation treatment method of any of examples 1-6, comprising the steps of: adding a surface treating agent and an inhibitor into phosphate ore slurry containing calcite for treatment before flotation size mixing, then adding a pH regulator and a collecting agent for stirring size mixing, performing foam flotation after size mixing to obtain rough concentrate, and performing concentration on the rough concentrate to obtain phosphate concentrate. The collecting agent is fatty acid soap. The pH regulator is selected from one of sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or ammonia water. And controlling the pH value to be 8-9 in the flotation process. The rough concentrate is refined for 3 times to obtain phosphate concentrate, and middlings can be returned in sequence.
Example 8 a method of flotation of calcite-containing phosphate rock using the pre-flotation treatment method of any of examples 1-6, comprising the steps of: adding a surface treating agent and an inhibitor into phosphate ore slurry containing calcite for treatment before flotation size mixing, then adding a pH regulator and a collecting agent for stirring size mixing, performing foam flotation after size mixing to obtain rough concentrate, and performing concentration on the rough concentrate to obtain phosphate concentrate. The collecting agent is a combined agent of fatty acid soap and a surfactant. The pH regulator is selected from two of sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or ammonia water. And the pH value is controlled to be 10-12 in the flotation process. The rough concentrate is refined for 5 times to obtain phosphate concentrate, and middlings can be returned in sequence; preferably, an inhibitor is added to the beneficiation process.
Example 9, a flotation method for calcite as carbonate gangue in phosphate ore, comprising the following steps: after being crushed, the silicon-calcium phosphate ores enter an ore grinding system and are ground until the fineness of the silicon-calcium phosphate ores is 50-90% of that of the silicon-calcium phosphate ores with the fineness of-0.074 mm. Adding water to a certain concentration after grinding, then feeding the mixture into a stirring tank, adding sulfuric acid, sulfurous acid or oxalic acid serving as surface treatment agents and an inhibitor (the mass ratio of water glass, sodium fluoride to sodium lignosulfonate is 10:3: 2), stirring while adding, stirring for 0.5-1 hour after adding, sequentially adding sodium carbonate serving as a pH regulator and a collecting agent (a composition of oleic soap and a surfactant) after pretreatment, performing air-inflation stirring and size mixing, performing foam flotation after size mixing, performing fine selection for 1-4 times after rough selection to obtain phosphorus concentrate, adding the inhibitor during fine selection and size mixing, and sequentially returning middlings.
Example 10, comparative experiment 1, a flotation method for calcite from carbonate gangue in phosphate ore:
experimental example 1: in a flotation test of certain silico-calcic phosphorites, the main minerals are collophanite, calcite and quartz. Crude ore P2O524.90 percent of MgO, 0.53 percent of CO29.23% of SiO2Is 15.69. Crushing the ore sample to-2 mm, feeding the crushed ore into a rod mill, and grinding the ore until the fineness of the ore is 75 percent when the fineness of the ore is-0.074 mm. Adding water, mixing the slurry until the concentration is 40%, entering a stirring tank, slowly adding 2kg/t sulfuric acid into the stirring tank, adding 4kg/t inhibitor (the mass ratio of the water glass to the sodium fluoride to the sodium lignosulphonate is 10:3: 2), stirring while adding, and continuing to stir for 0.5 hour after the addition is finished; then adding pH regulator sodium carbonate to regulate the pH value of the ore pulp to about 9, adding a collecting agent (oleic acid soap and surfactant composition) 2kg/t of raw ore, mixing the pulp for 2 minutes, carrying out aerated foam roughing, finishing the roughing and carrying out 2 times of fine separation, wherein the adding amount of an inhibitor in the fine separation process is 0.8kg/t and 0.5 kg/t.
Experimental example 1P-containing phosphorus concentrate was finally obtained2O531.12% of MgO, 0.58% of CO21.83% of SiO2Is 8.69 percentThe flotation recovery was 85.36%.
Comparative example 1: in a comparative test, a traditional flotation process is used, an ore sample is crushed to-2 mm and then is fed into a rod mill, the ore is ground until the fineness of-0.074 mm is 75%, a pH regulator sodium carbonate is added to regulate the pH of ore pulp to about 9, an inhibitor sodium silicate is added at 3kg/t, a collecting agent (oleic soap and surfactant composition) is added at 2kg/t of raw ore, the ore pulp is regulated for 2 minutes, aerated foam roughing is carried out, and 2 times of fine separation are carried out after roughing is finished.
Comparative example 1 phosphorus concentrate containing P was finally obtained2O529.67%, MgO 0.59%, CO25.69% of SiO210.78% and the flotation recovery 80.32%.
Example 11, comparative experiment 2, a flotation process for calcite from carbonate gangue in phosphate rock:
experimental example 2: the flotation of certain silicon-calcium phosphorite in Yunnan province comprises collophanite, calcite and quartz as main minerals. Crude ore P2O525.63% of MgO, 0.73% of MgO, CO29.26% of SiO2It was 16.56%. Crushing the ore sample to-2 mm, feeding the crushed ore into a rod mill, and grinding the ore until the fineness of-0.074 mm is 70%. Adding water, mixing the slurry until the concentration is 40%, entering a stirring tank, slowly adding 3kg/t of sulfurous acid into the stirring tank, adding 3.5kg/t of inhibitor (the mass ratio of the water glass to the sodium fluoride to the sodium lignosulfonate is 10:3: 2), stirring while adding, and continuing to stir for 0.5 hour after the addition is finished; then adding pH regulator sodium carbonate to regulate the pH value of the ore pulp to about 9, adding collecting agent (oleic acid soap and surfactant composition) 1.8kg/t of raw ore, mixing the pulp for 2 minutes, performing aerated foam roughing, and performing 2 times of fine separation after the roughing is finished, wherein the adding amount of the inhibitor in the fine separation process is 0.6kg/t and 0.5 kg/t.
Experimental example 2P-containing phosphorus concentrate obtained finally2O531.53% of MgO, 0.76% of CO21.83% of SiO27.83%, and the flotation recovery was 89.52%.
Comparative example 2: comparative example 2 the process of comparative example 1 was used to finally obtain a phosphorus concentrate containing P using conventional processes2O529.96% of MgO, 0.78% of CO26.23% of SiO210.67% and the flotation recovery was 84.13%.
Comparative example 3: the P content of the phosphate concentrate can be obtained by using the traditional flotation process and hydrochloric acid to treat the surface in the contrast test2O530.13% of MgO, 0.76% of CO25.89% of SiO210.23% and the flotation recovery was 85.32%.
It can be seen from a comparison of the experiments of examples 10 and 11 that: the surface of calcite is changed through pretreatment, the inhibitor can effectively inhibit the calcite from floating upwards, and the flotation method can realize effective separation of phosphorus minerals and the calcite.
Claims (6)
1. The flotation pretreatment method of phosphate rock containing calcite is characterized by comprising the following steps: adding a surface treating agent and an inhibitor into phosphate ore slurry containing calcite for treatment before flotation size mixing; the surface treating agent is one or a combination of sulfuric acid, sulfurous acid and oxalic acid;
stirring while treating for 30-120 min;
the inhibitor is calcite and silicate gangue inhibitor, and is a mixture of water glass, sodium fluoride and sodium lignosulfonate; adding a surface treating agent and an inhibitor into phosphate ore slurry containing calcite for treatment before flotation and size mixing, and then adding a pH regulator and a collecting agent for stirring and size mixing to control the pH value to be 8-12 in the flotation process; the pH regulator is selected from one or more of sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or ammonia water.
2. The method for the pre-flotation treatment of calcite-containing phosphate ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: the addition amount of the surface treating agent is 0.5-10 kg/t raw ore.
3. The method for the pre-flotation treatment of phosphate ores containing calcite according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the water glass, the sodium fluoride and the sodium lignosulfonate in the inhibitor is 10: 1-4: 1-3.
4. A flotation method of phosphate rock containing calcite, characterized in that the method adopts the pre-flotation treatment method of any one of claims 1 to 3, and comprises the following steps: adding a surface treating agent and an inhibitor into phosphate ore slurry containing calcite for treatment before flotation size mixing, then adding a pH regulator and a collecting agent for stirring size mixing, performing foam flotation after size mixing to obtain rough concentrate, and performing concentration on the rough concentrate to obtain phosphate concentrate.
5. The calcite-containing phosphorite flotation process of claim 4, characterized in that: the collecting agent is fatty acid soap or a combined agent of the fatty acid soap and a surfactant.
6. The calcite-containing phosphorite flotation process of claim 4, characterized in that: carrying out concentration on the rough concentrate for 1-10 times to obtain phosphate concentrate, and returning middlings in sequence; and adding an inhibitor in the concentration operation.
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| CN112474065B (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-08-27 | 中南大学 | Method for selecting phosphorus from low-grade vanadium titano-magnetite tailings |
| CN113119350B (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2023-03-24 | 郑州大学 | Method for mineralizing, enriching and separating environmental micro-nano plastic pollutants |
| CN115591674A (en) * | 2022-10-24 | 2023-01-13 | 湖北富邦新材料有限公司（Cn） | Silicon-calcium phosphorite type collophanite direct flotation collecting agent and preparation method thereof |
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