CN111329482A

CN111329482A - Pulmonary function instrument testing head, pulmonary function instrument and pulmonary ventilation testing unit

Info

Publication number: CN111329482A
Application number: CN202010262818.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 夏云; 胡屹峰
Original assignee: 夏云
Current assignee: Zhejiang Keluode Health Technology Co.,Ltd.
Priority date: 2020-04-03
Filing date: 2020-04-03
Publication date: 2020-06-26

Abstract

The application provides a pulmonary function appearance test head, pulmonary function appearance and lung test unit of ventilating. The lung function instrument testing head comprises a lung ventilation testing unit and a lung ventilation testing unit. The lung ventilation test unit comprises a first mounting base and a first breathing pipeline which is detachably mounted; and ultrasonic flow sensors are arranged inside the first mounting base and on the outer wall of the first breathing pipeline. The pulmonary ventilation test unit comprises a second mounting base and a second breathing pipeline; a cavity communicated with the test gas is formed in the second mounting base, and the second breathing pipeline comprises a first pipe orifice, a second pipe orifice communicated with the cavity and a third pipe orifice communicated with air; and a blocking valve capable of selectively blocking the third pipe orifice is arranged at the third pipe orifice. And the second mounting base is also provided with a collection channel which is communicated with the pipeline between the first pipe orifice and the third pipe orifice and collects trace gas in the pipeline. The collection channel communicates with a gas analyzer testing device for measuring gas composition and concentration.

Description

Pulmonary function instrument testing head, pulmonary function instrument and pulmonary ventilation testing unit

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of medical equipment, in particular to a pulmonary function instrument testing head, a pulmonary function instrument and a pulmonary ventilation testing unit.

Background

Respiration provides oxygen for vital activities, and external oxygen needs to go through two processes of external respiration and internal respiration to be combined with hemoglobin in the body. The external respiration refers to the physical respiratory movement of the lung to bring fresh air into the alveoli. Intrinsic respiration is a process in which oxygen in the alveoli diffuses from the alveoli to the capillaries through the alveolar-capillary membrane, reaches the blood, and binds to hemoglobin in erythrocytes. Therefore, clinical respiratory function tests include external respiration (i.e., ventilatory function test) and internal respiration (i.e., diffuse residual gas test).

The ventilation function (i.e. diffusion capacity) of the lung directly reflects the oxygenation capacity of the body of a tester, and clinically common interstitial lung diseases (such as pulmonary fibrosis), connective tissue diseases, pulmonary edema, effusion, thoracic deformity, anemia, congenital heart disease, left heart failure and the like all influence the effective diffusion area and diffusion distance to cause the abnormality of the diffusion capacity. Therefore, hospitals generally need to provide a device capable of measuring the pulmonary ventilation function.

For the determination of the lung ventilation function, the standard one-breath method is internationally recommended as the standard determination method due to good repeatability and accurate and reliable measurement. The standard one-breath method comprises the following specific processes:

figure 1 shows a plot of the respiration recorded on the flow sensor during the dispersed residual gas test. Wherein the ordinate is volume and the abscissa is time. Referring to fig. 1, the subject starts a calm breath at position 1, when outside fresh air is breathed, and the process can test the respiratory wave of the subject through a flow sensor. Once the respiratory wave has smoothed, the subject is instructed to exhale all of the way to the residual air level shown in fig. 1. During the period, an operator needs to press the air supply button at the position 2 in time so as to ensure that the instrument equipment enters a breathing valve switching state, once a subject starts to inhale, the breathing valve is switched into an air inhaling bag filled with special test gas dispersing residual air immediately from the outside air, at the moment, the subject needs to breath and saturate the special test gas (between the position 2 and the position 3 in the figure 1), breath holding is carried out for 10 seconds after the total lung volume is reached, at the moment, the breathing valve is completely closed, and the subject cannot exhale outwards. After the breath holding time is 10 seconds, the patient starts to exhale at the 4 positions and continues to exhale to the residual air level. During exhalation, 750 ml (vv segment in the figure) is discarded, and then 750 ml of gas is collected (sv segment in the figure), thus ensuring that the collected gas must be alveolar gas mixture. And finally, switching the breathing valve to a state of being communicated with the outside, and exhausting subsequent exhaled gas into the air, wherein the test process is finished at the position 5.

Most test machines on the market today are designed according to this working principle. The existing test head comprises a differential pressure type flow sensor, a breathing valve switching control device and a dispersed gas collecting bag. Wherein the differential pressure flow sensor tests the respiratory wave of the subject. The breathing valve switching control device controls four pneumatic valves, wherein the first pneumatic valve is a valve communicated with the outside and is opened before a subject breathes stably and closed when the subject exhales all the air to a residual air level; the second pneumatic valve is a valve that controls the opening and closing of the test gas, which is dispersed in residual gas, and is opened when the subject starts inhaling and closed when the subject holds his breath. The third pneumatic valve is a valve communicated with the outside, and is opened when the subject starts to exhale after holding breath for 10 seconds, and is closed when the expired gas reaches 750 milliliters. The fourth pneumatic valve is a collection air bag switch that opens after the subject exhales 750 ml of air and closes after 750 ml of alveolar air is completed. Thereafter, the third pneumatic valve is opened, allowing the subsequent exhalation of the subject to be vented to atmosphere.

Clinical respiratory function tests are performed on the conventional dispersion test head, i.e., a differential pressure flow sensor is used to measure the external respiration of a subject and then to measure the internal respiration. In fact, external respiration measurement only needs a flow sensor, but a test subject tests on the whole test head, so that the following defects inevitably occur:

1) the system dead space is increased, the normal breathing efficiency of a subject is reduced, and the tidal volume needs to be increased to ensure that the alveoli obtain the same fresh air volume;

2) the number of pipeline valves on the internal respiration measuring gas circuit is large, so that the respiration resistance is increased;

3) the common respiratory loops of the external respiratory measuring gas circuit and the internal respiratory measuring gas circuit are more, and the risk of cross infection is increased.

Disclosure of Invention

An object of the embodiment of this application is to provide a pulmonary function appearance test head, it can be at fundamentally stop cross infection, still has simple structure simultaneously, improves the characteristics of respiratory efficiency and the travelling comfort of tester in the testing process.

The embodiment of the application provides a pulmonary function appearance test head, it includes:

the lung ventilation testing unit comprises a first mounting base and a first breathing pipeline detachably mounted on the first mounting base; an ultrasonic flow sensor is arranged inside the first mounting base and on the outer wall of the first breathing pipeline;

the pulmonary ventilation test unit comprises a second mounting base and a second breathing pipeline which is detachably mounted on the second mounting base; a cavity communicated with the test gas is formed in the second mounting base, and the second breathing pipeline comprises a first pipe orifice which can be connected with an outlet of the first breathing pipeline, a second pipe orifice which is used for being communicated with the cavity and a third pipe orifice which can be communicated with the air; a blocking valve capable of selectively blocking the third pipe orifice is arranged at the third pipe orifice; the second mounting base is also provided with an acquisition channel which is communicated with the pipeline between the first pipe orifice and the third pipe orifice and is used for acquiring trace gas in the pipeline;

and the sampling pipe is connected with the acquisition channel and is used for communicating the acquisition channel with a gas concentration testing device for measuring the gas concentration.

In the implementation process, the outer wall of the first breathing pipeline in the lung ventilation testing unit is provided with the ultrasonic flow sensor, and compared with the traditional differential pressure type flow sensor, the breathing resistance of a testee is very small due to the fact that no barrier exists in the middle of the ultrasonic flow sensor, so that the breathing function test is more real and natural. And the ultrasonic probe is not in direct contact with a patient, the middle part of the ultrasonic probe is only a first breathing pipeline outside the breathing pipeline, and each subject is replaced one when testing, so that the possibility of cross infection is avoided. The lung ventilation test unit can directly enable the testee to exhale to the outside after breath holding is finished, and gas sampling is obtained by extracting trace gas in the second breathing pipeline into the rapid gas analysis device for gas concentration and components. Because do not need physics to collect test gas, so this application just need not to set up thick heavy collection air pocket to make the structure simplify greatly, also reduced the system dead space, improved the respiratory efficiency of examinee.

By above can know, the lung function appearance test head in this application embodiment sets up to removable part through the first breathing pipeline, the second breathing pipeline that will be used for breathing, and the second breathing pipeline separates with the breathing valve executive component of test gas simultaneously, when carrying out the test of pulmonary function at every turn, and the gas circuit part is changed promptly, owing to do not have the common breathing return circuit completely, therefore cross infection can thoroughly be stopped to this application. Meanwhile, the device has the advantages of simple structure, reduction of system dead space and improvement of comfort of testers in the test process.

In one possible implementation, the lung ventilation test unit may be provided independently from the lung ventilation test unit.

In the implementation process, the lung ventilation testing unit is arranged independently relative to the lung ventilation testing unit, and the ultrasonic flow sensor is arranged in the lung ventilation testing unit, so that the lung ventilation testing unit can be used for independently testing the respiratory flow.

In one possible implementation, the second mounting base comprises a transverse base and a longitudinal base;

the cavity is arranged inside the transverse base;

the longitudinal base comprises a first installation body and a second installation body which are pivoted, and the second installation body has two working states of opening and closing relative to the first installation body; when the second installation body is in a closed state relative to the first installation body, the second installation body and the first installation body are provided with installation cavities which can accommodate the second breathing pipeline and limit the movement of the second breathing pipeline;

one end of the transverse base extends into the first installation body and is fixedly connected with the first installation body, and the second pipe orifice extends into the cavity when the second installation body is in a closed state relative to the first installation body.

In a possible implementation manner, the longitudinal base comprises a first end and a second end, the first nozzle is arranged at the first end of the longitudinal base, and the third nozzle is arranged at the second end of the longitudinal base;

an electromagnetic blocker in signal connection with the blocking valve is arranged at the second end of the longitudinal base;

or, the pulmonary function instrument test head further comprises a controller for remotely controlling the blocking valve.

In a possible implementation, a sealing device is arranged in a gap between the second pipe orifice and the cavity.

In a possible implementation manner, a first clamping plate and a second clamping plate are arranged on the second breathing pipeline;

the first clamping plate is arranged close to the first pipe orifice, and the second clamping plate is arranged close to the third pipe orifice;

and a first annular clamping groove matched with the first clamping plate and a second annular clamping groove matched with the second clamping plate are formed in the longitudinal base.

In the implementation process, the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are installed on the second breathing pipeline, and the second breathing pipeline can be fixed through the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate. After first cardboard card was established in first ring groove, first cardboard removal was injectd promptly to first ring groove, and in the same way, the second cardboard card was established in second ring groove back, and second cardboard removal is injectd promptly to second ring groove. Therefore, through the combination of one cardboard, first ring card groove and second cardboard, second ring card groove, the second breathing circuit can be injectd in the installation cavity of longitudinal base steadily and can not take place relative movement.

In a possible implementation manner, the first mounting body and the second mounting body are provided with a switch mechanism for opening and closing the second mounting body relative to the first mounting body.

In one possible implementation, a fixed hanger for supporting the lung ventilation test unit is arranged on the transverse base;

when the lung ventilation test unit is fixed on the fixed hanging frame, the first breathing pipeline and the second breathing pipeline are separated by a preset distance in the transverse direction, and the setting height of the first breathing pipeline is different from that of the second breathing pipeline.

In one possible implementation, the fixed hanger includes:

the substrate is fixed on the transverse base;

the boss is fixed on the substrate or integrally formed with the substrate;

the supporting tube is arranged on the boss and used for providing a supporting arc surface which is inserted into the first breathing pipeline and supports the pulmonary ventilation testing unit.

In a possible implementation manner, the base plate is fixed on the transverse base through a pin structure.

In a possible implementation manner, two sides of the first mounting base are arc-shaped holding surfaces.

In a possible implementation manner, the first breathing circuit and the second breathing circuit are in sealing fit, and the diameter of the first breathing circuit and the diameter of the second breathing circuit are 15-32 mm.

In the implementation process, the diameter of the first breathing pipeline and the diameter of the second breathing pipeline are 15-32 mm, the diameters are consistent with the diameter range of human respiratory tracts, and by adopting the breathing pipelines within the diameter range, a tester can not feel that the breathing resistance exists, and the structures of the first breathing pipeline and the second breathing pipeline can be minimized.

In one possible implementation, the first and second breathing circuits are plastic.

First breathing circuit and second breathing circuit in this application embodiment can thoroughly avoid cross infection because first breathing circuit and second breathing circuit can replace completely to different testers, and this has also decided first breathing circuit and second breathing circuit to be the consumable article, so make into plastic products with first breathing circuit and second breathing circuit, reduction in production cost by a wide margin.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a pulmonary function apparatus, including the pulmonary function apparatus testing head, the gas concentration testing device, the controller, and the display as described above;

the gas concentration testing device is communicated with the sampling pipe and is connected with the controller;

the ultrasonic flow sensor in the lung function instrument testing head is in communication connection with the controller;

the display is connected with the controller.

In a third aspect, embodiments of the present application further provide a lung ventilation testing unit. The lung ventilation testing unit comprises a first mounting base and a first breathing pipeline detachably inserted on the first mounting base; an ultrasonic flow sensor is arranged inside the first mounting base and on the outer wall of the first breathing pipeline.

According to the technical scheme, the test head of the lung function instrument in the embodiment of the application is arranged into the replaceable part through the first breathing pipeline and the second breathing pipeline which are used for breathing, meanwhile, the second breathing pipeline is separated from the breathing valve execution part of the test gas, when the lung function test is carried out at every time, the gas circuit part is replaced, and due to the fact that a common breathing loop does not exist completely, cross infection can be thoroughly avoided. Meanwhile, the device has the advantages of simple structure, reduction of system dead space and improvement of comfort of testers in the test process.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from the drawings without inventive effort.

FIG. 1 shows a plot of breath recorded on a flow sensor during a dispersed residual gas test;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a lung ventilation test unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first breathing circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an ultrasonic flow sensor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 is an exploded view of a conventional differential pressure flow sensor;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a pulmonary function tester test head according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 7 is a partial structural schematic view of a pulmonary function tester test head according to an embodiment of the present application;

figure 8 is another perspective view of the pulmonary function device test head of figure 7;

fig. 9 is an exploded view of a pulmonary ventilation test unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a lung function instrument according to an embodiment of the present application.

Icon: 100-a lung ventilation test unit; 110-a first mounting base; 120-a first breathing circuit; 121-an avoidance zone; 130-ultrasonic transducers; 200-a pulmonary ventilation test unit; 210-a second mounting base; 211-lateral base; 212-longitudinal base; 220-a second breathing circuit; 221-a first nozzle; 222-a second nozzle; 2221-sealing means; 223-a third nozzle; 230-blocking valve; 240-a sampling tube; 250-a second mount; 260-a first mounting body; 261-mounting holes; 262-a deflector rod; 263-waist shaped mounting groove; 264-bayonet; 270-a first card; 280-a second card; 290-a first ring card slot; 291-second ring-shaped card slot; 292-port pressure sampling luer; 300-an electromagnetic blocker; 400-fixed hanger; 410-a substrate; 420-boss; 430-support tube; 440-a latch structure; 500-gas concentration test unit; 510-a resistance screen; 600-a controller; 700-display.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

The pulmonary function instrument test head in this application includes lung ventilation test unit and lung ventilation test unit. Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a lung ventilation testing unit according to an embodiment of the present application. Referring to fig. 2, the lung ventilation testing unit 100 includes a first mounting base 110 and a first breathing circuit 120 removably inserted on the first mounting base 110.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first breathing circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the inlet of the first breathing circuit 120 is a trumpet-shaped inlet, which is located outside the first mounting base 110 and is used as a mouthpiece for extending into the mouth of the tester to facilitate the tester to bite. The outlet end of the first breathing tube 120 is inserted into the first mounting base 110 and then extends out of the through hole formed in the other end surface, the outlet end of the first breathing tube 120 extends out of the first mounting base 110 by a predetermined length, and the outlet of the first breathing tube 120 can be connected to the pulmonary ventilation testing unit 200. An ultrasonic flow sensor is disposed inside the first mounting base 110 and on the outer wall of the first breathing pipe 120, and correspondingly, an avoidance area 121 corresponding to the ultrasonic flow sensor and used in a staggered arrangement is disposed on both the upper portion and the lower portion of the first breathing pipe 120.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of the ultrasonic flow sensor according to the embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 4, a fluid (airflow in the embodiment of the present application, and the direction of the arrow is the airflow flowing direction) passes through the first breathing circuit 120 and passes through the ultrasonic flow sensor, and a pair of ultrasonic transducers 130 is disposed on both sides of the first breathing circuit 120, wherein both ultrasonic transducers 130 can be used for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves. The pair of ultrasonic transducers 130 alternately or simultaneously transmit and receive ultrasonic waves in opposite directions, and the flow rate is calculated by detecting the propagation time difference of the ultrasonic waves in the flow medium.

The propagation of the ultrasonic wave must be carried out by means of a medium (such as air, etc.), and the time required for propagation under the condition of constant gas density (in an indoor environment where the temperature, humidity and air pressure are relatively stable) is completely dependent on the propagation distance L (determined by the diameter D of the breathing tube and the angle θ between the ultrasonic propagation path and the breathing tube). Assuming that the time required for transmitting an ultrasonic wave from transducer No. 1 to transducer No. two is t1, and the time required for transducer No. 2 to transmit an ultrasonic wave to transducer No. 1 is t2, the specific propagation times are respectively:

t1 ═ L/(C + V × Cos θ) (equation 1)

t2 ═ L/(C-V × Cos θ) (equation 2)

Wherein C is the speed of the ultrasonic wave propagating in the still air, i.e., the speed of sound, and is about 340 m/s;

v is the flow rate of the air flow;

thus the time difference △ t is:

△t＝t2–t1＝2L*V*Cosθ/(C²-V²Cos²θ)≈2V*L Cosθ/C²(formula 3)

From equation 3, the airflow velocity V is determined to be V- △ t C²/(2L Cos θ) (equation 4)

The flow Q in the breathing conduit is proportional to the flow rate in the circuit, so the calculation is as follows:

Q＝K*V＝K*△t*C²/(2L Cos θ) (equation 5)

Wherein K is a constant related to the pipe diameter and the internal form of the pipeline;

from the above equation for the flow Q, once the sensor is set, the gas flow Q is linear with the time difference △ t, and the physics is very clear, the coefficients are fixed, so when the flow is stationary, i.e. zero, t1 t2, △ t (t1-t2) 0, when the gas flow passes through the pipe, the ultrasonic wave propagating in the same direction as the gas flow is accelerated, and the ultrasonic wave propagating in the opposite direction to the gas flow is slowed, so the time difference △ t is directly proportional to the magnitude and direction of the flow Q.

The operation of the conventional differential pressure type flow sensor will be described.

Referring to fig. 5, the operation principle of the differential pressure flow sensor is that when the flow passes through the middle resistance screen 510, a pressure difference △ P is formed between two sides of the screen due to the resistance of the screen, and this pressure difference △ P is linear with the direction and magnitude of the air flow within a certain flow range, i.e., the flow Q is K △ P, where the specific data of the coefficient K is determined by calibration after the sensor is preheated and stabilized.

The calibration work adopts a 3000 ml calibration barrel, after the calibration barrel is fully preheated (generally for 30 minutes) and environmental parameters (environmental temperature, humidity and atmospheric pressure) are corrected, the calibration barrel is connected to a flow sensor, factors such as the directionality of a meter, the connection tightness, the horizontal arrangement of a calibrator and the ground and the like are noticed, and then the calibration barrel is pushed and pulled to inflate.

From the above, the differential pressure type flow sensor belongs to analog quantity measurement, calibration is needed before use, and the measurement process is troublesome and complicated.

The lung ventilation test unit 100 in the embodiment of the application adopts the ultrasonic flow sensor, and the relation between the flow Q and the time difference △ t is clear, so that calibration in advance is not needed, the problems of nonlinear distortion, measurement range limitation and the like of the traditional flow sensor do not exist, and the flow can be accurately measured only by weak airflow.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a pulmonary function tester test head according to an embodiment of the present application; fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a pulmonary function tester test head according to an embodiment of the present application; figure 8 is another perspective view of the pulmonary function device test head of figure 7; fig. 9 is an exploded view of a pulmonary ventilation test unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to fig. 6 to 9, the lung function instrument test head includes a lung ventilation test unit 100 and a lung ventilation test unit 200.

The structure of the lung ventilation test unit 100 is shown in figure 2. The pulmonary ventilation test unit 200 comprises a second mounting base 210 and a second breathing circuit 220 detachably mounted on the second mounting base 210. The second mounting base 210 has a cavity therein for communicating with the test gas, and the second breathing circuit 220 includes a first pipe 221 connected to the outlet of the first breathing circuit 120, a second pipe 222 for communicating with the cavity, and a third pipe 223 for communicating with the air. The third nozzle 223 is provided with a blocking valve 230 for selectively blocking the third nozzle 223. The second mounting base 210 is further provided with a collection channel which is communicated with the pipeline between the first pipe orifice 221 and the third pipe orifice 223 and is used for collecting trace gas in the pipeline between the first pipe orifice 221 and the third pipe orifice 223. The outlet of the collection channel is connected with a sampling pipe, and the sampling pipe is used for communicating the collection channel with a gas concentration testing device for measuring the concentration of gas.

The pulmonary ventilation test unit 200 may be used to perform a dispersed residual gas test. The working principle of the pulmonary ventilation testing unit 200 will be explained in detail by taking the dispersed residual gas test as an example. In the embodiment of the present application, the second breathing circuit 220 is a detachable component, and the second breathing circuit 220 may not be mounted on the second mounting base 210 before the dispersed residual gas test is performed. When the dispersion residual gas test is needed, the second breathing pipeline 220 is installed on the second installation base 210, the second breathing pipeline 220 can be regarded as a three-way pipe, after the second breathing pipeline 220 is installed and fixed, the first pipe orifice 221 of the second breathing pipeline 220 extends out of the second installation base 210 by a preset length to be connected with the outlet of the first breathing pipeline 120, the second pipe orifice 222 extends into a cavity communicated with the dispersion test gas, the blocking valve 230 at the third pipe orifice 223 is in an open state, and the third pipe orifice 223 is communicated with the atmosphere.

When the dispersion test is performed, the outlet of the first breathing tube 120 in the lung ventilation test unit 100 is connected to the first tube port 221 of the second breathing tube 220, and when the first breathing tube 120 and the second breathing tube 220 are both hard tubes, the lung ventilation test unit 100 is in butt joint with the second breathing tube 220 of the lung ventilation test unit 200 through the first breathing tube 120.

Before the tester inhales the dispersed gas, the valve that the dispersed test gas got into the cavity is closed, and tester's breathing route is: first breathing circuit 120-the circuit between first orifice 221 and third orifice 223 in second breathing circuit 220-is in communication with the ambient air in the breathing path, and the tester can breathe calmly. After the tester breathes steadily, the test is ready, block that valve 230 closes, third mouth of pipe 223 closes promptly, and the cavity is put through, and second breathing pipe and first breathing pipe are full of the dispersion test gas, and the breathing route of tester changes and becomes: the first breathing circuit 120, the circuit between the first orifice 221 and the second orifice 222 in the second breathing circuit 220, holds the test gas for 10 seconds after the tester breathes in.

After the breath-hold is over, the blocking valve 230 is opened, and the breathing path of the tester is changed into: first breathing circuit 120 — the circuit in second breathing circuit 220 between first orifice 221 and third orifice 223. The line between the first nozzle 221 and the third nozzle 223 is open to the atmosphere and the test person exhales and exhales into the atmosphere. When a tester exhales, the cavity is filled with dispersed test gas, so that the gas exhaled by the tester cannot enter the cavity. Meanwhile, the gas concentration testing device collects the trace gas in the pipeline between the first pipe orifice 221 and the third pipe orifice 223 through the sampling pipe, calculates the corresponding gas concentration value of the trace gas, and obtains all relevant testing data of the dispersion residual gas test through the gas concentration value. Meanwhile, the ultrasonic flow sensor on the first breathing pipeline 120 tests the progress of the breathing flow of the tester and collects data.

After the diffuse residual gas test is completed, the lung ventilation test unit 100 and the lung ventilation test unit 200 are separated. The first breathing circuit 120 in the lung ventilation test unit 100 can be taken out from the first mounting base 110, the second breathing circuit 220 is taken out from the second mounting base, and when the next dispersion residual gas test is carried out, the first breathing circuit 120 and the second breathing circuit 220 are replaced with new ones, and because a common breathing loop does not exist with the previous dispersion residual gas test, the cross infection is completely avoided.

Compare with traditional pulmonary function appearance test head through with this application, the pulmonary ventilation test unit 200 of this application replaces traditional physics with trace gas sampling and collects, gets rid of the sampling air pocket of collecting alveolar gas, has following beneficial effect:

1) the heavy sampling air bag is not arranged, and the test head structure becomes simple;

2) the breathing valve is switched for multiple times and is changed into one-time blocking and opening, so that the structure of the gas circuit is greatly simplified, the stability of the system is greatly improved, and the failure is not easy to occur;

3) the gas collection does not need to be vacuumized in advance (otherwise, the original gas in the bag can be mixed with new alveolar gas), so that the workload of operators is greatly simplified;

4) when the dispersion test is carried out, the lung ventilation test unit is installed on the lung ventilation test unit, and the ultrasonic flow sensor is installed in the lung ventilation test unit, namely, the ultrasonic flow sensor is adopted in the dispersion test in the application. The use of the ultrasonic flow sensor enables the respiratory resistance of a subject to be very small, so that the breathing is more real and natural.

5) By combining the rapid gas analysis device, the dispersion test does not need to wait for a long time, but the test result is obtained immediately, and the test speed is improved;

6) the discard volume (750 ml standard) and the sample volume (750 ml standard) can be dynamically adjusted afterwards, so that patients with lung capacity below 1500 ml can also be subjected to standard one-breath dispersion examination.

In the implementation process, the test head of the pulmonary function instrument in the embodiment of the present application is configured to be a replaceable component by setting the first breathing pipeline 120 and the second breathing pipeline 220 for breathing, and the second breathing pipeline 220 is separated from the breathing valve execution part of the test gas, so that the gas circuit part is replaced when the pulmonary function test is performed at each time, and since a common breathing loop does not exist completely, the present application can thoroughly avoid cross infection. Meanwhile, the device has the advantages of simple structure, reduction of system dead space and improvement of comfort of testers in the test process.

In one possible implementation, the lung ventilation test unit 100 may be provided independently from the lung ventilation test unit 200.

In the implementation process, the lung ventilation test unit 100 is provided independently of the lung ventilation test unit 200, and since the ultrasonic flow sensor is provided in the lung ventilation test unit 100, the lung ventilation test unit 100 can be used to perform a respiratory flow test alone.

In one possible implementation, the second mounting base 210 includes a lateral base 211 and a longitudinal base 212. The cavity is disposed inside the lateral base 211. The longitudinal base 212 comprises a first mounting body 260 and a second mounting body 250 which are pivoted, and the second mounting body 250 has two working states of opening and closing relative to the first mounting body 260; the second mounting body 250 is configured with a mounting cavity capable of receiving the second breathing circuit 220 and limiting the movement of the second breathing circuit 220 when the second mounting body is closed relative to the first mounting body 260. One end of the transverse base 211 extends into the first mounting body 260 and is fixedly connected with the first mounting body 260, and the second nozzle 222 extends into the cavity when the second mounting body 250 is in a closed state relative to the first mounting body 260.

In the implementation process, the second breathing pipe 220 is a three-way structure, which generally includes a straight line pipe and another straight line pipe located in the middle of the straight line pipe and perpendicular to the straight line pipe, and the transverse base 211 and the longitudinal base 212 of the second mounting base 210 are perpendicular to each other, and the structure of the transverse base and the structure of the longitudinal base are matched with the three-way structure. The breathing of the human body is most smoothly performed in the straight tube, so that a straight line tube having a long length is provided on the longitudinal base 212 (the length is opposite to the direction perpendicular to the mouth of the human body) as a breathing gas path portion, and another straight line tube having a short length is inserted into the chamber in which the test gas is provided, and the tubes are communicated only when the test is performed.

In order to facilitate the first and second mounting

bodies

260 and 250 to be relatively fixed together, the first and second mounting

bodies

260 and 250 are provided with an opening and closing mechanism for opening and closing the second mounting body 250 with respect to the first mounting body 260.

In one possible implementation, referring to fig. 2 and 3, a mounting hole 261, a lever 262, and a kidney-shaped mounting groove 263 in which the lever 262 is located are provided on the first mounting body 260. The shift lever 262 moves in the kidney-shaped mounting groove 263, and when moving to an end of the kidney-shaped mounting groove 263 close to the mounting hole 261, a bottom end of the shift lever 262 extends into the mounting hole 261. The bottom end of the shift lever 262 is provided with a shift tongue (not shown). The second mounting body 250 is provided with an insert rod 264, one end of the insert rod 264 is fixed on the second mounting body 250, and the other end is provided with a locking gap matched with the shifting tongue. When the second installation body 250 rotates relative to the first installation body 260 and is butted, the inserted rod 264 is inserted into the installation hole 261 arranged on the first installation body 260, so that the shift rod 262 moves to one end of the waist-shaped installation groove 263 close to the installation hole 261, the shift tongue at the bottom of the shift rod 262 is embedded into the locking gap of the inserted rod 264, the inserted rod 264 is limited by the lock tongue, and the first installation body 260 is fixedly connected with the second installation body 250. When the shift lever 262 is shifted to the other end of the kidney-shaped installation slot 263, the shift tongue no longer defines the insertion rod 264, the insertion rod 264 is pulled out of the installation hole 261, and the second installation body 250 is unlocked from the first installation body 260 and can rotate relative to the first installation body 260.

It should be noted that the above-mentioned switch mechanism for opening and closing the first installation body 260 and the second installation body 250 is only exemplary, the structure of the switch interface is not specifically limited in the present application, and any switch structure capable of fixing the second installation body 250 to the first installation body 260 falls within the protection scope of the present application.

In a possible implementation manner, the second breathing pipe 220 is provided with a first clamping plate 270 and a second clamping plate 280; the first catch plate 270 is disposed adjacent the first nozzle 221 and the second catch plate 280 is disposed adjacent the third nozzle 223. The longitudinal base 212 is provided with a first ring-shaped slot 290 for engaging with the first catch plate 270, and a second ring-shaped slot 291 for engaging with the second catch plate 280.

In the implementation process, the first clamping plate 270 and the second clamping plate 280 are installed on the second breathing tube 220, and the second breathing tube 220 can be fixed by fixing the first clamping plate 270 and the second clamping plate 280. After the first card 270 is clamped in the first ring-shaped clamping groove 290, the first ring-shaped clamping groove 290 limits the first card 270 to move, and similarly, after the second card 280 is clamped in the second ring-shaped clamping groove 291, the second ring-shaped clamping groove 291 limits the second card 280 to move. Thus, by the combination of the one catch plate, the first ring catch slot 290 and the second catch plate 280, the second ring catch slot 291, the second breathing circuit 220 can be stably confined within the mounting cavity of the longitudinal base 212 without relative movement.

In a possible implementation, the longitudinal base 212 comprises a first end and a second end, the first nozzle 221 being arranged at the first end of the longitudinal base 212 and the third nozzle 223 being arranged at the second end of said longitudinal base 212. An electromagnetic blocker 300 is disposed at a second end of the longitudinal base 212 in signal communication with the blocking valve 230.

In the above implementation process, the blocking valve 230 is controlled to open and close by the electromagnetic blocker 300.

It should be noted that, the control of the blocking valve 230 by the electromagnetic blocking device 300 disposed at the second end of the longitudinal base 212 is only an example, and the blocking valve 230 may also be connected by a controller signal that is remotely connected to the blocking valve 230 and can control the blocking valve 230, that is, the present application does not specifically limit the installation position and the structure type of the electromagnetic blocking device 300, and any structure and installation position that can control the blocking valve 230 fall within the protection scope of the present application.

In a possible implementation, a sealing device 2221 is provided in the gap between the second nozzle 222 and the cavity. The arrangement of the sealing cavity can prevent the test gas in the cavity from entering the pipelines of the first pipe orifice 221 and the third pipe orifice 223 through the gap between the second pipe orifice 222 and the cavity, so as to ensure that the test gas is only inhaled by a testee through the second pipe orifice 222 when the testee performs dispersion test. The sealing device 2221 includes, but is not limited to, a sealing ring structure.

In a possible implementation manner, a mouth pressure sampling luer 292 is further provided on the cavity, and the collection tube is connected to the mouth pressure sampling luer 292. Through the oral pressure sampling luer 292 and the sampling tube, the internal pressure of the oral cavity of a tester can be sampled and the corresponding data value can be calculated in the dispersion residual gas experiment.

In one possible implementation, a fixed hanger 400 for supporting the lung ventilation test unit 100 is provided on the lateral base 211; when the lung ventilation testing unit 100 is fixed on the fixing rack 400, the first breathing circuit 120 and the second breathing circuit 220 are separated by a predetermined distance in the transverse direction, and the setting height of the first breathing circuit 120 is different from the setting height of the second breathing circuit 220, that is, the setting height of the first breathing circuit 120.

The lung ventilation testing unit 100 in the embodiment of the present application may be independently disposed with respect to the lung ventilation testing unit 200, and if a tester holds the lung ventilation testing unit 100 for testing, the tester can easily perform testing in an elbow posture, and when the tester is in an elbow, an airway of the tester is not completely opened, and the measured data is inaccurate. In the above-mentioned implementation process, set up the fixed stores pylon 400 that supports lung ventilation test unit 100 on horizontal base 211, when using lung ventilation test unit 100 to breathe the flow test alone, first breathing pipe 120 among the lung ventilation test unit 100 is kept flat, and the tester under this user state, its air flue can be guaranteed to be opened, and then obtains comparatively accurate test result.

In one possible implementation, the fixing hanger 400 includes a base plate 410, a boss 420, and a support pipe 430. Wherein the substrate 410 is fixed on the lateral base 211. The boss 420 is fixed to the base plate 410 or integrally formed with the base plate 410. A support tube 430 is disposed on the boss 420 for providing an arc of support for insertion with the first breathing circuit 120 and support of the pulmonary ventilation test unit 100.

In one possible implementation, the substrate 410 is fixed to the lateral base 211 by a latch structure 440. Because the inside setting of horizontal base 211 is used for the gaseous cavity of holding test, fixed stores pylon 400 passes through connecting pieces such as screw and is connected with horizontal base 211, then can lead to the test gas in the cavity to leak probably, and adopt bolt structure 440, bolt structure 440 sets up in the periphery of horizontal base 211, can not exert an influence to the inside production structure of horizontal base 211, can avoid the structure of horizontal base 211 to receive destruction, and then avoid test gas's leakage.

In one possible implementation, the two sides of the first mounting base 110 are arc-shaped holding surfaces. The arc-shaped holding surface is designed according to human engineering, so that a tester has better holding experience when holding the test object, and is not easy to slip off in hands.

In one possible implementation, the first breathing circuit 120 and the second breathing circuit 220 are sealed, including but not limited to the first breathing circuit 120 sleeved on the second breathing circuit 220, or the second breathing circuit 220 sleeved on the first breathing circuit 120. The first breathing circuit 120 and the second breathing circuit 220 have a diameter of 15-20 mm.

In the implementation process, the first breathing pipeline 120 and the second breathing pipeline 220 are in sealing fit, and when the dispersion experiment is performed, the first breathing pipeline 120 and the second breathing pipeline 220 jointly form a testing pipeline of the dispersion experiment. The diameters of the first breathing circuit 120 and the second breathing circuit 220 are 15-20 mm, which are consistent with the diameter of the human respiratory tract, and the breathing circuit within the diameter range can be adopted, so that the first breathing circuit 120 and the second breathing circuit 220 can be minimized in structure even if a tester does not feel that the breathing resistance exists.

In one possible implementation, the first breathing circuit 120 and the second breathing circuit 220 are plastic. The first breathing circuit 120 and the second breathing circuit 220 in the embodiment of the present application can thoroughly avoid cross infection because the first breathing circuit 120 and the second breathing circuit 220 can be completely replaced for different testers, which also determines that the first breathing circuit 120 and the second breathing circuit 220 are consumable products, so that the first breathing circuit 120 and the second breathing circuit 220 are manufactured into plastic products, and the production cost can be greatly reduced.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a pulmonary function apparatus, fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the pulmonary function apparatus shown in the embodiment of the present application, and referring to fig. 10, the pulmonary function apparatus includes the pulmonary function apparatus testing head, the gas concentration testing device 500, the controller 600, and the display 700, which are configured as described above.

Wherein, the gas concentration testing device 500 is communicated with the sampling pipe and is connected with the controller 600; the gas concentration testing device 500 is used for collecting trace gas on the pipeline between the first nozzle 221 and the third nozzle 223, calculating the concentration of the trace gas, and sending the calculated trace gas concentration data to the controller 600.

An ultrasonic flow sensor in the lung function instrument test head is in communication connection with the controller 600; the controller 600 may perform respiratory flow data calculations based on the data from the ultrasonic flow sensor.

The display 700 is connected to the controller 600, and the display 700 displays various data calculated by the controller 600.

In a third aspect, embodiments of the present application further provide a lung ventilation testing unit. See fig. 2. The lung ventilation test unit 100 comprises a first mounting base 110 and a first breathing circuit 120 removably inserted on the first mounting base 110. An ultrasonic flow sensor is disposed inside the first mounting base 110 and on an outer wall of the first breathing pipe 120.

The lung ventilation test unit 100 in the embodiment of the present application may be used solely for a lung ventilation test. The use of the ultrasonic flow sensor makes the respiratory resistance of the testee very small, so that the respiratory function test is more real and natural, and the first respiratory pipeline 120 can be replaced according to different testees, thereby avoiding the possibility of cross infection. In addition, the replaced first breathing circuit 120 and the second breathing circuit 220 can be cleaned and sterilized by a common method to realize recycling, so that the operation cost is greatly reduced.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A pulmonary function device test head, comprising:

the lung ventilation testing unit comprises a first mounting base and a first breathing pipeline detachably inserted on the first mounting base; an ultrasonic flow sensor is arranged inside the first mounting base and on the outer wall of the first breathing pipeline;

and the sampling pipe is connected with the acquisition channel and is used for communicating the acquisition channel with a rapid gas analysis device for measuring gas components and concentration.

2. The pulmonary function instrument test head of claim 1, wherein the lung ventilation test unit is independently positionable from the lung ventilation test unit.

3. The pulmonary function instrument test head of claim 1, wherein the second mounting base comprises a transverse base and a longitudinal base;

the cavity is arranged inside the transverse base;

4. The pulmonary function machine test head of claim 3, wherein the longitudinal base includes a first end and a second end, the first nozzle being disposed at the first end of the longitudinal base, the third nozzle being disposed at the second end of the longitudinal base;

5. The pulmonary function machine test head of claim 3, wherein the first and second mounting bodies are provided with an opening and closing mechanism for opening and closing the second mounting body with respect to the first mounting body.

6. The pulmonary function instrument test head according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein a fixing hanger for supporting the lung ventilation test unit is provided on the lateral base;

7. The pulmonary function machine test head of claim 6, wherein the fixed hanger comprises:

the substrate is fixed on the transverse base;

the boss is fixed on the substrate or integrally formed with the substrate;

8. The pulmonary function instrument test head of claim 1, wherein the first and second breathing circuits are in sealing engagement and have a diameter of 15-32 mm.

9. A lung function machine comprising a lung function machine test head according to any one of claims 1-8, a gas concentration testing device, a controller and a display;

the display is connected with the controller.

10. A lung ventilation test unit is characterized by comprising a first mounting base and a first breathing pipeline detachably inserted on the first mounting base; an ultrasonic flow sensor is arranged inside the first mounting base and on the outer wall of the first breathing pipeline.