CN111326761B - Renewable fuel cell - Google Patents
Renewable fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN111326761B CN111326761B CN201811527777.8A CN201811527777A CN111326761B CN 111326761 B CN111326761 B CN 111326761B CN 201811527777 A CN201811527777 A CN 201811527777A CN 111326761 B CN111326761 B CN 111326761B
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- fuel cell
- water
- plate
- water electrolysis
- cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2455—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with liquid, solid or electrolyte-charged reactants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention relates to a renewable fuel cell, which specifically comprises a plurality of fuel cell units and a water electrolysis cell unit which are stacked together through water plates to form the renewable fuel cell with the functions of a fuel cell and a water electrolysis cell. Wherein the fuel cell has a posture-free water discharge capability, and the water electrolysis cell has a posture-free water supply capability. The renewable fuel cell has small volume and long service life, and is suitable for long-term operation in a microgravity environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Renewable Fuel Cells (RFC), and mainly relates to a combined structure of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a solid polymer electrolyte water electrolytic cell.
Background
With the high importance of space technology in various countries in the world, space power technology has gained rapid development. A high-safety and reliable space power supply system is an important factor for ensuring the normal operation of space aircrafts such as satellites and the like. The power supply system is used for regulating and controlling the postures of the space vehicles such as the satellite and the like, and meanwhile, the instrument devices carried by the space vehicles such as the satellite and the like can be guaranteed to work normally and communicate with the ground. The indexes such as the performance and the cost performance of the space power supply are improved, and the method has very important significance for increasing effective load and improving the performance and the benefit of the satellite.
The Renewable Fuel Cell (RFC) has extremely high specific energy which can be as high as 400-1000 Wh/kg, is several times of the specific energy of the lightest high-energy rechargeable battery at present, has the advantages of no self-discharge in use, no discharge depth, no battery capacity limitation and the like, and generates high voltage H2、O2The method can be used for attitude control of space stations and satellites and life support of astronauts. Therefore, great importance is attached to developed countries such as the United statesResearch and development of RFC technology, and the RFC technology is regarded as one of important development directions of space renewable energy technology in the future. RFC consists of a Water Electrolysis (WE) module and a Fuel Cell (FC) module, and the respective modules operate when performing different functions, namely: when the FC function is executed, the fuel cell realizes the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to generate water and outputs electric energy to the outside; when the WE function is executed, the water electrolysis cell electrolyzes water into hydrogen and oxygen under the condition of external electric energy to achieve the purpose of energy storage.
However, in order to adapt to the space microgravity environment, it is necessary to avoid complicated rotating parts of the regenerative fuel cell, reduce the complexity of the system, reduce the pressure of the supplied water, improve the gas utilization rate and the water discharge capacity of the fuel cell, improve the pressure of the electrolytic gas and the service life of the cell, and the like. Therefore, regenerative fuel cells are required to meet various requirements for space applications from water supply and drainage of water from water electrolysis cells to combination of fuel cells and electrolysis cells.
ZL200720075001.8 discloses a flow field plate structure and a semi-permeable membrane assembly, wherein the flow field plate is formed by combining a plate frame and a middle porous conductive plate, one side of the flow field plate is in contact with a membrane electrode of a fuel cell or a water electrolyzer, the other side of the flow field plate is in contact with the semi-permeable membrane assembly, and water is transferred to one side of the membrane electrode through the semi-permeable membrane assembly to participate in reaction. This patent only describes the construction of flow field plates and semi-permeable membrane modules.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a regenerative fuel cell with posture-free water supply and drainage functions for microgravity environment. The battery can freely combine the fuel battery and the electrolytic cell unit according to actual needs, has compact structure and ensures that the battery has longer service life.
The invention relates to a renewable fuel cell, which specifically comprises a fuel cell unit and a water electrolysis cell unit, wherein the fuel cell unit and the water electrolysis cell unit are stacked together through water plates to form the renewable fuel cell with the functions of a fuel cell and a water electrolysis cell. Among them, the fuel cell has a posture-free water discharge capability, and the water electrolysis cell has a posture-free water supply capability, and the renewable fuel cell has a long life. The renewable fuel cell provided by the invention has long service life and is suitable for long-term operation in a microgravity environment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a renewable fuel cell is composed of a plurality of fuel cell units, a plurality of water electrolysis cell units and a water plate, wherein the fuel cell units and the water electrolysis cell units are connected in parallel in any mode; and a water plate with a water cavity is shared between adjacent units. The water plate has the main functions that the water cavity can collect water generated by the fuel cell unit during working and can also provide reaction water for the water electrolysis cell unit during working; the fuel cell unit comprises a fuel cell anode plate, a fuel cell membrane electrode assembly and a fuel cell cathode plate, and the water electrolysis cell unit comprises a water electrolysis cell anode plate, a water electrolysis cell membrane electrode assembly and a water electrolysis cell cathode plate; the arbitrary mode of the invention refers to that a plurality of fuel cell units are connected in parallel and then connected in parallel with a plurality of water electrolysis cell units; or the fuel cell unit and the water electrolysis cell unit are alternately connected in parallel; or the fuel cell unit and the water electrolysis cell unit are not continuously connected in parallel.
As a preferred technical scheme, the fuel cell membrane electrode assembly comprises a Pt-containing catalyst, an electrolyte membrane and a diffusion layer, and the fuel cell membrane electrode assembly can output electric energy by introducing hydrogen and oxygen; the membrane electrode assembly of the water electrolysis cell comprises an Ir-containing catalyst, an electrolyte membrane, a Pt-containing catalyst and a diffusion layer, and hydrogen and oxygen can be produced by applying voltage through introducing water.
As the optimized technical scheme, the cathode plate of the fuel cell is provided with a microporous plate, the aperture of the microporous plate is 0.1-500 μm, and the cathode of the membrane electrode of the fuel cell is attached to the microporous plate and mainly used for conducting electricity and discharging water; the negative plate of the water electrolysis cell is of a hollow structure, the hollow area is more than 30% of the area of the negative plate, and the cathode of the membrane electrode of the water electrolysis cell is attached to the negative plate and is mainly used for conducting electricity and introducing reaction water.
As the preferred technical scheme, the water plate is provided with one or two water cavities, if the water cavities are two, the middle of each water cavity needs to be safely isolated by metal or nonmetal materials, the water cavities are respectively communicated with the cathode plate of the fuel cell and the cathode plate of the water electrolysis cell, sealing gaskets are arranged on two sides of the water plate, the water plate can be made of metal or high polymer materials, the water plate is provided with one or two water cavities, the water cavities are respectively communicated with the cathode plate of the fuel cell and the cathode plate of the water electrolysis cell, the water plate can be of a hollow structure, and the water cavities can be filled with porous material felts or nets.
As a preferred technical scheme, a microporous piece is arranged between the cathode plate and the water plate of the fuel cell, the microporous piece and the microporous plate can be in the same structure, and the microporous piece can be used for draining water and simultaneously blocking the leakage of reaction gas; the pore diameter is preferably 0.1 to 500. mu.m.
As a preferred technical scheme, the microporous part is made of metal, metal oxide or nonmetal materials, the microporous part can be integrated with the cathode plate of the fuel cell, the aperture of the microporous part is 1 nanometer to 5 micrometers, and the area of the microporous part is smaller than that of the membrane electrode of the fuel cell.
As preferred technical scheme, be provided with the piece of permeating water between water electrolysis cell negative plate and the water board, the piece of permeating water can be metal micropore board, metal oxide or macromolecular material, and the piece of permeating water and electrolysis cell negative plate can be same structure, and the piece of permeating water mainly used is electrically conductive, provides reaction water for the reaction simultaneously.
Preferably, the renewable fuel cell is formed by stacking one or more fuel cell units and a water electrolysis cell unit.
As the preferred technical scheme, a microporous plate or a microporous net is arranged on the cathode plate of the fuel cell; the cathode plate of the water electrolysis cell is of a hollow structure, the hollow area is preferably more than 30% of the area of the cathode plate, and the hollow shape can be a parallel, snake-shaped or block-shaped convex structure.
As a preferred technical scheme, the water plate can be made of metal or high polymer materials, the water plate is provided with one or two water cavities, the water cavities are respectively communicated with the two sides, the water plate can be of a hollow structure, and the water cavities can be filled with porous material felts or nets.
As the optimized technical scheme, the cathode plate and the anode plate of the fuel cell are respectively provided with two or more channels, the channels of the cathode plate are communicated through a cathode plate flow field, and the channels are the inlet and outlet of the cathode reaction gas of the fuel cell; the channels of the anode plate are communicated through the anode plate flow field, and the channels are the inlet and outlet of the anode reaction gas of the fuel cell; the cathode plate and the anode plate of the water electrolytic cell are respectively provided with a channel which is respectively an outlet of a cathode product and an outlet of an anode product of the water electrolytic cell; the water plate is provided with 1-4 channels, which are mainly used for introducing reaction water and discharging generated water. The channels are placed at the edges of the plate or at the sides of the plate.
Preferably, each of the components of the fuel cell unit, each of the components of the water electrolysis cell unit, and the water plate is provided with a through hole, and the unit components are assembled into the regenerative fuel cell by passing a screw through the through holes.
Preferably, the anode plate of the fuel cell, the cathode plate of the fuel cell, the anode plate of the water electrolysis cell and the cathode plate of the water electrolysis cell are provided with current collecting lugs for conducting current collection or provided with sunken holes for inserting current conducting pins.
As a preferable technical solution, the porous material of the water cavity of the water plate may be cotton, hemp or a high polymer material, and may also be porous metal, foamed metal or metal fiber.
As a preferable technical scheme, the fuel cell units or the water electrolysis cell units are connected in parallel, when the number of the fuel cell units is more than two water electrolysis cell units, the cathode plates of the fuel cell units which are more than two share the water plate, namely the water cavities of the water plate are respectively communicated with the cathode plates of two adjacent fuel cells; when the number of the water electrolysis cell units is more than two fuel cell units, the cathode plates of the extra water electrolysis cell units share the water plate, namely the water cavities of the water plate are respectively communicated with the cathode plates of the two adjacent water electrolysis cells.
The renewable fuel cell has no posture water drainage capability and water supply capability, has small volume and long service life, and is suitable for long-term operation in microgravity environment.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the process is simple. And combining the corresponding fuel cell unit and the water electrolysis cell unit according to the discharge power and the gas production.
2. The service life is long. The renewable fuel cell has the advantages of a split type renewable fuel cell and long service life.
In a word, the regenerative fuel cell adopts a combination form of a fuel cell unit and a water electrolysis cell unit, and the fuel cell unit is provided with a microporous plate capable of draining water and the water electrolysis cell unit is provided with a water permeable piece for supplying water, and the water electrolysis cell unit works in a capillary pressure difference form and is not influenced by gravity, so that the regenerative fuel cell has the functions of no-posture water drainage and water supply and is suitable for long-term operation in a microgravity environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a renewable fuel cell configuration;
FIG. 2 is a water plate structure view;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a plate structure;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a plate structure;
the fuel cell comprises a fuel cell anode plate 1, a fuel cell membrane electrode assembly 2, a fuel cell cathode plate 3, a water plate 4, a water electrolysis cell cathode plate 5, a water electrolysis cell membrane electrode assembly 6, a water electrolysis cell anode plate 7, a hollow structure inside 8, a through hole 9, a collector lug 10 and a channel 11.
Detailed Description
The renewable fuel cell prepared by the embodiment has a structural cross-sectional view as shown in fig. 1.
Example 1
The renewable fuel cell prepared in this example is specifically: the fuel cell unit includes: fuel cell anode plate, fuel cell membrane electrode assembly, fuel cell cathode plate. Wherein, the membrane electrode assembly of the fuel cell contains Pt catalyst, the negative plate of the fuel cell is a non-metallic micropore plate with 0.2 μm, namely an integrated structure, and the electrode area of the fuel cell is larger than the area of the non-metallic micropore plate; the water plate is provided with two cavities, sealing rings are arranged on two sides of the water plate, and each cavity of the water plate is of a dotted hollow structure as shown in figure 2; the water electrolysis unit comprises: the water electrolysis cell comprises a water electrolysis cell anode plate, a water electrolysis cell membrane electrode assembly and a water electrolysis cell cathode plate, wherein the water electrolysis cell membrane electrode assembly contains Ir catalyst and Pt catalyst, the water electrolysis cell cathode plate is of a hollow structure with 60% of open pores, a flow channel is of a dotted convex structure, as shown in figure 3, and each assembly is provided with a through hole for bolt fixing, as shown in figure 3. A metal permeable part is arranged between the cathode plate and the water plate of the water electrolysis cell, the aperture is 20 nanometers, and an air-water channel is arranged on the pole plate, as shown in figure 4. The above battery has no posture drainage capability and water supply capability.
As explained above, the renewable fuel cell of the invention has no posture drainage capacity and water supply capacity, small volume and long service life, and is suitable for long-term operation in microgravity environment.
Claims (8)
1. A renewable fuel cell is composed of a plurality of fuel cell units, a plurality of water electrolysis cell units and a water plate; the fuel cell unit comprises a fuel cell anode plate, a fuel cell membrane electrode assembly and a fuel cell cathode plate, and the water electrolysis cell unit comprises a water electrolysis cell anode plate, a water electrolysis cell membrane electrode assembly and a water electrolysis cell cathode plate; the plurality of fuel cell units and the plurality of water electrolysis cell units are connected in parallel in any mode; the adjacent units share a water plate with a water cavity, and the water cavity is used for collecting water generated by the fuel cell unit during operation and also used for providing reaction water for the operation of the water electrolysis cell unit; a microporous plate is arranged on the side of the cathode plate of the fuel cell, and the aperture is 0.1-500 mu m; a microporous piece is arranged between the cathode plate and the water plate of the fuel cell, and a water permeable piece is arranged between the cathode plate and the water plate of the water electrolysis cell.
2. The renewable fuel cell of claim 1, wherein: the water plate is provided with one or two water cavities which are respectively communicated with the cathode plate of the fuel cell and the cathode plate of the water electrolysis cell.
3. The renewable fuel cell of claim 1, wherein: the negative plate of the water electrolysis cell is of a hollow structure.
4. The renewable fuel cell of claim 1, wherein: the micropore piece is made of metal or high polymer material, and the aperture of the micropore piece is 1 nanometer to 5 micrometers.
5. The renewable fuel cell of claim 1, wherein: the permeable piece is made of metal or high polymer material.
6. The renewable fuel cell of claim 1, wherein: the fuel cell cathode plate and the fuel cell anode plate are respectively provided with at least two channels; the negative plate of the water electrolysis cell and the positive plate of the water electrolysis cell are respectively provided with a channel; the water plate is provided with 1-4 channels, and the channels are arranged at the edge of the plate or the side face of the plate.
7. The renewable fuel cell of claim 1, wherein: the fuel cell unit, the water electrolysis cell unit and the water plate are all provided with through holes, and the unit components are assembled into the renewable fuel cell through screws.
8. The renewable fuel cell of claim 1, wherein: the water cavity is filled with porous materials, and the porous materials are cotton, hemp, high polymer materials, porous metal, foam metal or metal fibers.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811527777.8A CN111326761B (en) | 2018-12-13 | 2018-12-13 | Renewable fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811527777.8A CN111326761B (en) | 2018-12-13 | 2018-12-13 | Renewable fuel cell |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN111326761A CN111326761A (en) | 2020-06-23 |
| CN111326761B true CN111326761B (en) | 2021-07-06 |
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| CN201811527777.8A Active CN111326761B (en) | 2018-12-13 | 2018-12-13 | Renewable fuel cell |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3981745A (en) * | 1974-09-11 | 1976-09-21 | United Technologies Corporation | Regenerative fuel cell |
| CN2891308Y (en) * | 2005-09-16 | 2007-04-18 | 上海清能燃料电池技术有限公司 | Regenerative fuel cell stack that can electrolyzes water and generate power |
| CN201163639Y (en) * | 2007-09-25 | 2008-12-10 | 上海空间电源研究所 | Integral regenerative fuel cell and its flow field plate of water electrolysis device |
| CN201256165Y (en) * | 2007-09-25 | 2009-06-10 | 上海空间电源研究所 | Flow field board and semi-permeable diaphragm component construction |
| CN101457367A (en) * | 2007-12-14 | 2009-06-17 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十八研究所 | Water electrolyzer of solid polymer elecrolytes film |
| CN102945979A (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2013-02-27 | 上海空间电源研究所 | Passive drainage fuel cell stack |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8506787B2 (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2013-08-13 | Infinity Fuel Cell And Hydrogen, Inc. | Electrochemical cell |
-
2018
- 2018-12-13 CN CN201811527777.8A patent/CN111326761B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3981745A (en) * | 1974-09-11 | 1976-09-21 | United Technologies Corporation | Regenerative fuel cell |
| CN2891308Y (en) * | 2005-09-16 | 2007-04-18 | 上海清能燃料电池技术有限公司 | Regenerative fuel cell stack that can electrolyzes water and generate power |
| CN201163639Y (en) * | 2007-09-25 | 2008-12-10 | 上海空间电源研究所 | Integral regenerative fuel cell and its flow field plate of water electrolysis device |
| CN201256165Y (en) * | 2007-09-25 | 2009-06-10 | 上海空间电源研究所 | Flow field board and semi-permeable diaphragm component construction |
| CN101457367A (en) * | 2007-12-14 | 2009-06-17 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十八研究所 | Water electrolyzer of solid polymer elecrolytes film |
| CN102945979A (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2013-02-27 | 上海空间电源研究所 | Passive drainage fuel cell stack |
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| CN111326761A (en) | 2020-06-23 |
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