CN111326135A - Broadband achromatic acoustic focusing lens - Google Patents
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- CN111326135A CN111326135A CN202010257958.4A CN202010257958A CN111326135A CN 111326135 A CN111326135 A CN 111326135A CN 202010257958 A CN202010257958 A CN 202010257958A CN 111326135 A CN111326135 A CN 111326135A
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- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
- G10K11/26—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning
- G10K11/30—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning using refraction, e.g. acoustic lenses
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Abstract
The invention discloses a broadband achromatic sound focusing lens which is characterized in that the focusing lens is obtained by genetic algorithm optimization design, and the specific performance of the focusing lens is shown in that the lens can focus an incident plane wave to one point and can be kept stable in a certain frequency range. The lens is composed of a plurality of units with different transmission phases, the combined phases of the units are in nonlinear distribution, and the units are obtained by genetic algorithm optimization. The invention has the advantages that: the design of the achromatic sound focusing lens is carried out through a genetic algorithm, and the broadband sound lens is prepared through a 3D printing technology. The broadband acoustic focusing lens can focus the incident plane waves with different frequencies on one point and shows broadband acoustic focusing performance. The broadband acoustic focusing lens is formed by combining seven units with different transmission phases, and the combined phases of the seven units are in nonlinear distribution. The invention has pioneering property in the field of sound wave regulation and medical imaging, and is the perfect combination of the latest scientific research achievements and the practical application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of acoustic metamaterials, in particular to a broadband achromatic acoustic focusing lens.
Background
The acoustic super surface is a sub-wavelength acoustic super-structure material, and the sub-wavelength acoustic super-structure material realizes the regulation and control of fluctuation and relies on a smart microstructure design. The core design idea is to realize the patterning design of phase distribution by laying sub-wavelength artificial structures on a material interface. The manual phase control technology opens a new door for fluctuation regulation and control, and extraordinary fluctuation performance such as negative refractive index, acoustic focusing, self-bending acoustic beam, spiral acoustic field, acoustic energy asymmetric transmission, near-zero refractive index stealth and the like can be realized by utilizing the super surface.
The acoustic super-surface can simply and efficiently regulate and control a sound field, has great advantages compared with common materials due to the ultrathin characteristic, has wide application prospects in the fields of medical ultrasound, noise control, national defense industry, architectural acoustics and the like, and is even expected to lead the innovation of acoustic devices.
The traditional super-surface structure is fixed, and the sound wave regulation and control performance is only effective in a narrow frequency band range, so that the practicability is severely limited, the huge advantages of the traditional super-surface structure cannot be fully exerted, and the conversion of the research results to actual benefits is limited.
According to the broadband achromatic acoustic focusing lens, a topological optimization design of a broadband acoustic super surface and efficient transmission systematical research are adopted, and the broadband achromatic acoustic focusing lens is designed aiming at a broadband acoustic focusing function. The lens can focus the incident plane waves on one point in a wide frequency range, and the problem of position deviation of acoustic focusing of the plane lens under different frequencies is solved. The method has extremely important application prospect in the fields of fluctuation control and acoustic imaging, and is expected to promote the advanced research of metamaterials to carry out achievement transformation, thereby generating great social benefit and economic benefit.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a broadband achromatic sound focusing lens, which solves the defect that the focus of the lens changes along with the frequency in the prior art.
In order to realize the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a broadband achromatic sound focusing lens can focus an incident plane wave to a lens focus and can maintain stability in a certain frequency range, the lens is formed by combining a plurality of units side by side, and if the unit number is an even number, the units of the lens are symmetrical left and right; if the unit number is odd, the other units except the most middle unit are symmetrical left and right by taking the middle unit as a center line.
Further, the lens consists of thirteen cells side by side, seven of which are not repeated in shape.
Furthermore, each unit is designed by a genetic algorithm optimization method, the unit is composed of 3D printed solids and air channels surrounded by the solids, the air channels of each unit are different in shape, the transmission phases of the units are also different, and the transmission phases are in nonlinear distribution.
Further, the transmission phase of the unit is related to the focal position of the lens, and the specific relation is as follows:
where x is the coordinate position of the cell, F0Is the focal length of the lens; phi (x, omega) is the transmission phase of the transmitted acoustic wave at each cell coordinate position, CairThe specific value is 343.3m/s, which is the sound velocity of air.
The invention also discloses a genetic algorithm optimization method, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) random generation from NpAn initial population of individuals. N is a radical ofX×NYThe binary matrix of (a) can be used for topological characterization of each unit structure, wherein "0" represents an air material and "1" represents a solid material. Where each element represents an optimized design variable.
(2) And evaluating the fitness of each individual based on the fitness function containing the phase. Wherein, the key optimization parameters comprise: the phase of transmission, the transmission rate, the number of air communication domains of the cell and the local feature size of the domain of the smallest solid or air.
(3) To the populationThe individual performs a Selection (Selection) operation. And examining the fitness of each individual, and selecting a part of individuals with higher fitness in the population for generating a new population. Formation of N-containing compounds using tournament selectionpMating pool of individuals, randomly dividing NtsThe individuals are put together to form a small group, the so-called "race scale". Then, selecting the optimal individuals; repeating tournament process NpNext, up to NpIndividuals were selected into mating pools.
(4) Individuals in the population were subjected to Crossover (Crossover) manipulations. Uniformly crossing any two individuals in a mating pool by adopting a binary mask matrix, namely: each element in the two-dimensional matrix is [0,1 ]]Random number of if it falls in [0, P ]c]Inner (P)cCross probability), the corresponding gene elements of the two individuals are exchanged, thereby generating two new individuals.
(5) Mutation (Mutation) is performed on individuals in the population. Aiming at any individual, a binary mask matrix is generated for calibrating the position of the variation, and each element of the binary mask matrix is [0,1 ]]Random number of if it falls in [0, P ]m]Inner (P)mMutation probability), the gene corresponding to the individual is changed or inverted. If the primitive is 0, it is modified to 1. Similarly, if the primitive is 1, it is modified to 0. After mutation operations, GA generates the final new progeny population.
(6) Judging whether the evolution termination condition is met, and if the evolution termination condition is met, ending the process; otherwise, returning to the step (1) to continue the iteration. In general, it is difficult to provide a uniform and accurate convergence criterion for GA, and instead, a specific maximum evolution algebra is set to guide evolution termination.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the design of the achromatic sound focusing lens is carried out through a genetic algorithm, and the broadband sound lens is prepared through a 3D printing technology. The broadband acoustic focusing lens can focus the incident plane waves with different frequencies on one point and shows broadband acoustic focusing performance. The broadband acoustic focusing lens is formed by combining seven units with different transmission phases, and the combined phases of the seven units are in nonlinear distribution. The invention has pioneering property in the field of sound wave regulation and medical imaging, and is the perfect combination of the latest scientific research achievements and the practical application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a focusing lens according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a focusing lens;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a genetic algorithm optimization method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a geometric schematic of seven elements of a focusing lens according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the effect of an acoustic focusing lens with a wide frequency range according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of examples.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a broadband achromatic acoustic focusing lens is composed of thirteen cells, seven of which have a shape that is not repeated,
each unit is obtained by genetic algorithm optimization design, and one unit consists of a 3D printed solid 2 and an air channel 3 enclosed by the solid 2.
Due to the different shapes of the air channels 3 of each unit 1, the transmission phases of the transmitted sound waves are different, and the transmission phases are distributed non-linearly with the unit.
Wherein the solid structure is resin, and the air channel that the solid structure encloses can adjust and control transmission sound wave phase place.
After the transmission sound waves are adjusted by the air channel 3, different phases are arranged at each unit, and the phases are in specific nonlinear distribution in a broadband range, so that the sound waves in the broadband range can be converged on a lens focus, and broadband achromatic sound focusing is realized.
The wavelength range of the focused acoustic wave is always larger than or equal to the thickness of the focusing lens in the direction of the transmitted acoustic wave.
The structure of the unit 1 is calculated by a genetic algorithm according to the specific transmission phase requirement. And the more the middle unit is, the more complicated the channel is, so that the transmission phase retardation is also increased.
The incident plane wave enters from one end of the lens, exits from the other end of the channel and converges at one point to become the focal point of the lens.
After the incident plane wave passes through the complex air channel, the phases of the transmitted sound waves are different according to different units, and the phase difference is in nonlinear distribution along with the difference of the units.
The nonlinear phase is related to the focal position of the lens, and the specific relation is as follows:
where x is the coordinate position of the cell, and the lens is placed in a coordinate system such that the center position of each cell of the lens is the coordinate position of the cell, F0Is the focal length of the lens; phi (x, omega) is the transmission phase of the transmitted acoustic wave at each cell coordinate location.
Each cell has a corresponding transmission phase that needs to satisfy equation (1), so each cell needs to have a specific transmitted acoustic phase that satisfies the equation over a wide frequency range. Therefore, the genetic algorithm optimization strategy is to set the required transmission phase values, perform optimization calculation by taking the transmission phase values as targets, and finally determine how the solid structure is distributed to surround the corresponding air channel through multi-generation optimization, so that the transmission phase of the sound wave after passing through the air channel meets the phase formula, and finally obtain the unit with a specific geometric form. The 7 independent units are obtained by the optimization calculation.
The acoustic focusing performance can be effective in a certain broadband range, and the focal length is not changed along with the frequency of the acoustic wave, so that the acoustic focusing device has broadband characteristics.
The acoustic focusing lens is prepared by forming the air channel through 3D printing of a photosensitive resin structure, is simple and quick in method and one-step formed, and has production application prospect
The invention provides a broadband achromatic acoustic focusing lens. The broadband acoustic focusing lens can focus the incident plane waves with different frequencies on one point and shows broadband acoustic focusing performance. The broadband acoustic focusing lens is formed by combining seven units with different transmission phases, and the combined phases of the seven units are in nonlinear distribution. According to specific phase requirements, the seven units are obtained by optimizing a genetic algorithm, so that the method is realized by carrying out reverse design according to the requirements, and the designed structure is unprecedented. Therefore, the invention has creativity in the fields of sound wave regulation and medical imaging, and is a perfect combination of the latest scientific research achievements and practical application.
As shown in fig. 3, the specific steps of the genetic algorithm optimization are as follows:
(1) random generation from NpAn initial population of individuals. N is a radical ofX×NYThe binary matrix of (a) can be used for topological characterization of each unit structure, wherein "0" represents an air material and "1" represents a solid material. Where each element represents an optimized design variable.
(2) And evaluating the fitness of each individual based on the fitness function containing the phase. Wherein, the key optimization parameters comprise: the phase of transmission, the transmission rate, the number of air communication domains of the cell and the local feature size of the domain of the smallest solid or air.
(3) The Selection (Selection) of individuals in the population is performed. And examining the fitness of each individual, and selecting a part of individuals with higher fitness in the population for generating a new population. Formation of N-containing compounds using tournament selectionpMating pool of individuals, randomly dividing NtsThe individuals are put together to form a small group, the so-called "race scale". Then, selecting the optimal individuals; repeating tournament process NpNext, up to NpIndividuals were selected into mating pools.
(4) Individuals in the population were subjected to Crossover (Crossover) manipulations. Uniformly crossing any two individuals in a mating pool by adopting a binary mask matrix, namely: two-dimensional momentEach element in the array is [0,1 ]]Random number of if it falls in [0, P ]c]Inner (P)cCross probability), the corresponding gene elements of the two individuals are exchanged, thereby generating two new individuals.
(5) Mutation (Mutation) is performed on individuals in the population. Aiming at any individual, a binary mask matrix is generated for calibrating the position of the variation, and each element of the binary mask matrix is [0,1 ]]Random number of if it falls in [0, P ]m]Inner (P)mMutation probability), the gene corresponding to the individual is changed or inverted. If the primitive is 0, it is modified to 1. Similarly, if the primitive is 1, it is modified to 0. After mutation operations, GA generates the final new progeny population.
(6) Judging whether the evolution termination condition is met, and if the evolution termination condition is met, ending the process; otherwise, returning to the step (1) to continue the iteration. In general, it is difficult to provide a uniform and accurate convergence criterion for GA, and instead, a specific maximum evolution algebra is set to guide evolution termination.
The specific geometrical dimensions of the cells in this embodiment are as shown in fig. 4, and the thickness in the sound wave transmission direction is 0.12m and the width H of each cell is 0.041m for each cell.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the relationship between the focal length of the broadband acoustic focusing and the phase distribution at different positions is as follows:
where x is the coordinate position of the cell, F0Is the focal length of the lens; phi (x, omega) is the phase of the transmitted acoustic wave at each cell coordinate location. Specifically, the incident plane wave is vertically incident on one side of the lens; in the present embodiment, the designed focal length F00.2m, and the design range of wide band is 1000 to 4000Hz, the relative bandwidth reaches 120% of the record,
fig. 5 is a test result of the broadband focusing lens in this embodiment, and it can be seen that all incident plane waves are converged at one point within the designed frequency range, and an excellent broadband acoustic focusing performance is shown, and the result is consistent with the design.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the examples described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the manner in which the invention is practiced, and it is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to such specifically recited statements and examples. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and combinations are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A broadband achromatic acoustic focusing lens, comprising: the lens can focus the incident plane waves on a lens focus and can maintain stability in a certain frequency range, the lens is formed by combining a plurality of units side by side, and if the unit number is an even number, the units of the lens are symmetrical left and right; if the unit number is odd, the other units except the most middle unit are symmetrical left and right by taking the middle unit as a center line.
2. The broadband achromatic acoustic focusing lens of claim 1, wherein: the lens consists of thirteen cells side by side, seven of which are not repeating in shape.
3. The broadband achromatic acoustic focusing lens of claim 2, wherein: each unit is designed by a genetic algorithm optimization method, the unit is composed of 3D printed solids and air channels surrounded by the solids, the air channels of each unit are different in shape, the transmission phases of the units are also different, and the transmission phases are in nonlinear distribution.
4. A broadband achromatic acoustic focusing lens according to claim 3, further comprising: the transmission phase of the unit is related to the focal position of the lens, and the specific relation is as follows:
where x is the coordinate position of the cell, F0Is the focal length of the lens; phi (x, omega) is the transmission phase of the transmitted acoustic wave at each cell coordinate position, CairThe specific value is 343.3m/s, which is the sound velocity of air.
5. The genetic algorithm optimization method of the broadband achromatic acoustic focusing lens according to claim 1, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
(1) random generation from NpAn initial population of individuals; n is a radical ofX×NYThe binary matrix of (1) can carry out topological characterization on each unit structure, wherein '0' represents an air material, and '1' represents a solid material; wherein each element represents an optimized design variable;
(2) evaluating the fitness of each individual based on a fitness function containing a phase; wherein, the key optimization parameters comprise: the transmission phase, transmission rate, number of air communication domains of the cell and the local feature size of the domain of smallest solid or air;
(3) selecting individuals in the population; examining the fitness of each individual, and selecting a part of individuals with higher fitness in the population to be used for generating a new population; formation of N-containing compounds using tournament selectionpMating pool of individuals, randomly dividing NtsThe individuals are put together to form a small group, namely the so-called competition scale; then, selecting the optimal individuals; repeating tournament process NpNext, up to NpSelecting individuals into a mating pool;
(4) performing cross operation on individuals in the population; uniformly crossing any two individuals in a mating pool by adopting a binary mask matrix, namely: each element in the two-dimensional matrix is [0,1 ]]Random number of if it falls in [0, P ]c]Inner, PcIf the probability is cross probability, corresponding gene elements of the two individuals are exchanged, so that two new individuals are generated;
(5) carrying out mutation operation on individuals in the population; for any one individualGenerating a binary mask matrix for calibrating the positions of the mutation, wherein each element is [0,1 ]]Random number of if it falls in [0, P ]m]Inner, PmIf the mutation probability is the mutation probability, the gene corresponding to the individual is changed or reversed; if the original gene is 0, modifying the original gene to 1; similarly, if the primitive is 1, it is modified to 0; after mutation operation, GA generates a final new filial population;
(6) judging whether the evolution termination condition is met, and if the evolution termination condition is met, ending the process; otherwise, returning to the step (1) to continue iteration; in general, it is difficult to provide a uniform and accurate convergence criterion for GA, and instead, a specific maximum evolution algebra is set to guide evolution termination.
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| CN114721072A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-07-08 | 中国计量大学 | Oblique incidence super-surface stealth device based on achromatic multilayer frame structure |
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