CN109408967A - Antenna house system structure Integrated optimization algorithm - Google Patents
Antenna house system structure Integrated optimization algorithm Download PDFInfo
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- CN109408967A CN109408967A CN201811262042.7A CN201811262042A CN109408967A CN 109408967 A CN109408967 A CN 109408967A CN 201811262042 A CN201811262042 A CN 201811262042A CN 109408967 A CN109408967 A CN 109408967A
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- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of antenna house system structure Integrated optimization algorithms, belong to radome design technical field, comprising: calculate by far field, obtain antenna house and antenna parameter, the spatial model with cover antenna system is established, phased array antenna unit exciting current is calculated；By the thought that operator separates, different optimisation strategies is used to antenna cover structure parameter and aerial radiation parameter；Antenna cover structure parameter is optimized using Varying-thickness antenna house optimization method, and aerial radiation parameter is optimized using particle swarm algorithm, realizes the Integrated optimization of antenna house system structure.The experimental results showed that the collimating fault of the algorithm is lower, and wave transmission rate is higher compared with traditional Varying-thickness antenna house optimization algorithm, facilitate the master-plan difficulty for reducing antenna house.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to radome design technical fields, and in particular to a kind of antenna house system structure Integrated optimization calculation
Method.
Background technique
Important component of the antenna house as onboard radar system, can protect an antenna from the shadow of extraneous harsh environment
It rings.Because the installation site of antenna house will lead to the refraction and reflection of aerial radiation electric wave close to antenna, and then influence antenna
Performance.Antenna house includes: collimating fault (Boresight error, BSE) and wave transmission rate on the major parameter that antenna performance influences
(transmission coefficient, TC), that the former embodies is influence degree of the antenna house to antenna-point accuracy, the latter
Reflection is weakening degree of the antenna house to antenna operating distance.
In antenna house optimization design, the design method based on Varying-thickness cover is widely used in a variety of applications, especially pair
For the special airborne or missile-borne cover of structure, this design method helps to realize the best wave transparent of each spatial position of cover
Characteristic.Most basic thickness design method is transmitted by the ray incidence angle of calculating radome wall part according to plating media
Characteristic solves the local thickness of the position.But this method does not account for the far-field characteristic with cover antenna, and computational accuracy is limited.Base
It is more accurate in the radome design method of evolution algorithm, as Hsu optimizes the aiming of single layer antenna house using simulated annealing method
Error, Carlin have studied the particle swarm algorithm based on alternative model, improve the computational efficiency of collimating fault optimization.Meng
Optimize the collimating fault and wave transmission rate of antenna house with genetic algorithm and immune clone algorithm respectively with Cheng.Xu is by more mesh
Particle swarm algorithm is marked, optimizes collimating fault, the transmission loss of antenna house, and advanced optimized the variance of cover thickness.Document
By the adjusting motivated to array element, the optimization of radome boresight error is realized.The above research only to antenna cover or
Single optimization only is carried out to antenna array unit, realizes the optimization of collimating fault and wave transmission rate respectively.In practice, antenna and cover are made
For the system of an entirety, the two should not be isolated and be come, be considered as the Integrated optimization design of antenna and cover.
It therefore, is effective ways that radome electrical property can design to wall structure of radome optimization, because of traditional Varying-thickness day
Irdome optimization algorithm only optimizes antenna house, cannot achieve the Integrated optimization to antenna and cover.For phased array antenna-
Cover system, the application propose a kind of antenna house system structure Integrated optimization algorithm, and realization collimating fault is combined with wave transmission rate
Optimization.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art described above, the present invention provides a kind of antenna house system structure integration is excellent
Change algorithm.
To achieve the goals above, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
Antenna house system structure Integrated optimization algorithm, comprising the following steps:
The performance of designed antenna house is evaluated using the collimating fault and wave transmission rate of antenna house, the acquisition of the two parameters is equal
Premised on the far field of Antenna-radowi Systems calculates；The basic parameter of antenna house and antenna, the parameter are determined according to design objective
Including mask body shape, cover exterior contour size, cover wall structure, array element number, phased array antenna-cover system model is established, is had
Body the following steps are included:
Step 1 is calculated by far field, is obtained antenna house and antenna parameter, is obtained antenna house array element, calculates antenna house
The exciting current of array element；
The array antenna in cover, the electric current of each array-element antenna cover array element are represented with one group of endless current source are as follows:
Wherein, m is array element serial number, and A and φ respectively represent the amplitude and phase of electric current, and M is array element number, and e is nature
Constant, j are imaginary unit；
Step 2, computation of radiation field
Step 2.1 covers interior radiation field
The incident electric fields that the radiated electric field of antenna array only has z to component, at p-th of subdivision unit of antenna cover inner surface are as follows:
Wherein, d is subdivision unit number total in cover, and ω is electromagnetism angular frequency, μ0It is free space magnetic permeability, H0 (2)For
Second class zeroth order Hankel function, k are free space wave number, ρpnIt is source point n at a distance from site p；Cover inner surface incident magnetic
X-component are as follows:
Wherein, ynAnd ypIt is the y-coordinate of source point n Yu site p respectively,For first kind zeroth order Hankel function, j is imaginary number
Unit；
The y-component of cover inner surface incident magnetic are as follows:
Wherein, xnAnd xpIt is the x coordinate of source point n Yu site d respectively；
Current excitation source, cover inner surface incident electric fields, the x-component of incident magnetic and y-component are indicated with matrix respectively, i.e.,
Interior discrete point is covered for whole d, cover inner surface incident electric fields, incident magnetic are expressed as matrix form:
E=W1I (9)
Hx=W2I (10)
Hy=W3I (11)
Wherein,
When carrying out computation of radiation field in antenna house, matrix W is precalculated1、W2And W3And it stores；
Step 2.2, cover external radiation field
Tangential electric field E on antenna cover outer surfacetWith tangential magnetic field HtIt is respectively as follows:
Et=[(bEi)b]T⊥+[(t·Ei)t]T// (15)
Ht=[(bHi)b]T//+[(t·Hi)t]T⊥ (16)
Wherein, EiFor the incident electric fields on antenna cover inner surface, HiFor the incident magnetic on antenna cover inner surface, T//It is flat
Row polar transmission coefficient, T⊥For vertical polarization transmission coefficient, b is the vertical polarization directions unit vector of the plane of incidence, and t is parallel pole
Change direction unit vector；Based on local flat approximation principle, according to incidence angle, cover thickness, cover permittivity ε, by transmission line square
The tactical deployment of troops acquires T//With T⊥；
Equivalent electromagnetic current on cover outer surface may be expressed as:
J=a × Ht (17)
M'=Et×a (18)
Wherein, J is equivalent current, and M' is equivalent magnetic current, and a is the outer normal vector of unit of the equivalent face；
The radiation field of equivalent electromagnetic current in two-dimensional space are as follows:
Wherein, ρ is the distance between cover outer surface point and far field point vector, and l is the outer surface profile of cover；As ρ → ∞,
Asymptotic expansion is carried out to formula (19) using Hankel function to simplify, and is denoted as scalar form:
Wherein, π is pi, and e is natural constant,For far field unit direction vector, ρ ' is that the position of cover outer surface point is sweared
Amount, n ' are the outer normal orientation vector of cover outer surface point, and η is the impedance of nondissipative medium essence；
Formula (20) is converted into numerical integration, obtains the far field at outer q-th of the surface point of cover:
Wherein, d is the number of cover outer surface subdivision unit,For the far field unit direction vector of d unit, npIt is mono- for d
The outer normal orientation vector of member, MpFor the equivalent magnetic current of d unit, JpFor the equivalent current of d unit, ρpFor the position of d unit
Set vector, lpFor the region subdivision length of cover outer surface d unit；
It is assumed that cover is outer to share Q far field point, far-field radiation field is indicated with matrix form:
Then cover external radiation far field is expressed as matrix form:
Efar=wW4M-wW5J (23)
And
After antenna and antenna house determine, antenna house shape does not change with position, coefficient w and matrix W4、W5It can be pre-
It first calculates and stores；
Step 3, antenna house system structure Integrated optimization algorithm
Step 3.1, antenna house system structure Integrated optimization model
Set the structural parameters X of antenna houserIt indicates, the variable thickness sandwich layer on representative antennas cover at limited erect-position point
Thickness, the core layer thickness at other erect-position points of antenna house passes through to XrSpline interpolation obtains；Set aerial radiation parameter XaTable
Show, excitation on each antenna house array element of representative antennas variation, the adjustment of compensation and amplitude including phase, dimension by
Antenna house array element number determines；It sets G and represents the index parameter with cover aerial array, including collimating fault G1With wave transmission rate
G2；
According to antenna cover structure parameter XrWith aerial radiation parameter Xa, calculate remote in all directions of space with cover antenna
Field radiation intensity, draws poor directional diagram, then finds zero deep direction of poor directional diagram, the deviation that the direction and antenna expectation are directed toward
Referred to as collimating fault uses G1=B (Xr, Xa, θ) and it indicates, wherein θ indicates that angle is directed toward in the expectation of antenna scanning angle namely antenna；Thoroughly
Wave rate refers to covering front and back, and the far field intensity ratio in greatest irradiation direction uses G2=P (Xr, Xa, θ) and it indicates；
By the collimating fault under all scan angles, target is optimized as a whole with wave transmission rate, the antenna cover system of foundation
Structure-integrated Optimized model are as follows:
Wherein, F is to the overall assessment with cover antenna system, and S is the sum of scan angle,sFor the number of scan angle,UFor band
The index parameter sum of cover aerial array,uFor the number of index parameter, v (θs) correspond to scan angle thetasWeighting function,wuGeneration
Table index parameterGuWeight factor, DrWith DaIt is XrWith XaValued space；
In the Integrated optimization model that formula (27) represent, cover parameter X is adjustedrWith antenna parameter Xa, so that multiple scannings
Collimating fault G under angle1With wave transmission rate G2It is optimal；
Step 3.2, the realization process of Integrated optimization algorithm
Optimized model is solved using operator separating thought, using two step optimisation strategies；
Firstly, keeping aerial radiation parameter XaIt is constant, using traditional Varying-thickness antenna house optimization method to antenna house knot
Structure parameter XrIt optimizes；Then, antenna cover structure parameter X is keptrIt is constant, using particle swarm algorithm to aerial radiation parameter Xa
It optimizes；
The realization process optimized using particle swarm algorithm to aerial radiation parameter is as follows；
One potential optimal solution of each particle representing optimized problem, with three Xiang Zhibiao of position, speed and fitness value
Indicate the particle characteristics；
Assuming that the dimension of search space is L, M particle forms population Z=(Z1,Z2,...,Zi,...,ZM), wherein i-th
The position of a particle is expressed as vector Zi=(zi1,zi2,...,zil,...,ziL), speed is expressed as Vi=(vi1,vi2,...,
vil,...,viL), l=1,2 ..., L；Particle Z can be calculated according to fitness functioniCorresponding fitness value, individual pole
Value is Pbesti=(Pi1,Pi2,...,Pil,...,PiL), group's extreme value of population is Gbest=(G1,G2,...,Gl,...,GL)；
Particle is by tracking individual extreme value PbestWith group extreme value GbestUpdate itself speed and position, it may be assumed that
Wherein, c is inertia weight, and iter is the number of iterations；c1And c2It is non-negative constant, referred to as acceleration factor；r1With
r2It is distributed across the random number in [0,1] section；
The realization process that aerial radiation parameter optimization is realized using particle swarm algorithm includes three aspects: particle position and suitable
Response, particle initialization and particle update；
(1) particle position and fitness
When antenna house array element number is M', search space L=2M', preceding M' dimension is antenna house array element electricity
The phase of stream, rear M' dimension are the amplitudes of antenna house array element electric current；Define the vector that particle is 2M' dimension, vector element
Value range be Da；To optimize collimating fault and wave transmission rate simultaneously, by fitness function is defined as:
Wherein, w1With w2It is collimating fault B (Xr, Xa, θs) and wave transmission rate P (Xr, Xa, θs) weight coefficient, determine two
The degree of priority of optimization aim；v(θs) correspond to scan angle thetasWeighting function；BmaxBefore being optimization, each scan angle is most
Big collimating fault, PmaxWith PminMaximum and minimum wave transmission rate before being optimization；
(2) particle initializes
The initial position of i-th of particle isInitial population isMeter
The fitness of each particle is calculated, the optimal location of i-th of particle of setting isInitial population extreme value is set asThe initial velocity of each particle is set simultaneously, and the velocity interval of each of which variable is pair
Answer the half of position range；
(3) particle updates
In an iterative process, the speed that each particle is updated according to formula (28), needs to check that particle rapidity is after update
It is no in velocity interval, if it is not, then the position of each particle is then updated according to formula (29) with boundary value substitution；It calculates
The fitness of particle after update, if particle fitness is less than its individual extreme value, i.e.,Then more new individual
Extreme value placeOtherwise it remains unchanged；Simultaneously according to updated individual extreme value, group's extreme value place G is updatedbest；
By continuous iteration, then it can search for the aerial radiation parameter X with minimum fitness valuea, and to antenna house
The phase and amplitude of array element electric current is adjusted, and can guarantee collimating fault minimum, wave transmission rate highest, realizes band cover antenna
The Integrated optimization design of system.
Antenna house system structure Integrated optimization algorithm provided by the invention passes through analysis antenna cover structure parameter and antenna
Influence of the radiation parameter to collimating fault and wave transmission rate, establishes the Optimized model of antenna house system structure design；By operator point
From thought, different optimisation strategies is used to antenna cover structure parameter and aerial radiation parameter；It is excellent using Varying-thickness antenna house
Change method optimizes antenna cover structure parameter, and is optimized using particle swarm algorithm to aerial radiation parameter, realizes day
The Integrated optimization of irdome system structure.The experimental results showed that compared with traditional Varying-thickness antenna house optimization algorithm, this implementation
The collimating fault for the algorithm that example provides is lower, and wave transmission rate is higher, sufficiently shows the validity of algorithm provided in this embodiment.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is phased array antenna-cover system mould of antenna house system structure Integrated optimization algorithm provided in this embodiment
Type；
Fig. 2 is change curve of the collimating fault with scan angle；
Fig. 3 is change curve of the wave transmission rate with scan angle；
Fig. 4 is the core layer thickness distribution curve after the optimization of A interlayer antenna house；
Fig. 5 is the compensation phase and current amplitude curve that IO-RPA optimizes.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing, further description of the specific embodiments of the present invention.Following embodiment is only used for more
Technical solution of the present invention is clearly demonstrated, and not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The present invention provides a kind of antenna house system structure Integrated optimization algorithm, the collimating fault and thoroughly of antenna house is utilized
Wave rate evaluates the performance of designed antenna house, and the acquisition of the two parameters is premised on the far field of Antenna-radowi Systems calculates；It is first
Phased array antenna-cover system model is first provided, far-field radiation field is then calculated using AI-SI method, is collimating fault and wave transparent
The calculating of rate provides foundation, specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1 is calculated by far field, is obtained antenna house and antenna parameter, is obtained antenna house array element, calculates antenna house
The exciting current of array element；
The array antenna in cover, the electric current of each array-element antenna cover array element are represented with one group of endless current source are as follows:
Phased array antenna-cover system model is as shown in Figure 1, wherein n is array element serial number, and A and φ respectively represent the width of electric current
Degree and phase, N are array element number, and e is natural constant, and j is imaginary unit；
Step 2, computation of radiation field
Step 2.1 covers interior radiation field
The incident electric fields that the radiated electric field of antenna array only has z to component, at p-th of subdivision unit of antenna cover inner surface are as follows:
Wherein, d is subdivision unit number total in cover, and ω is electromagnetism angular frequency, μ0It is free space magnetic permeability,For
Second class zeroth order Hankel function, k are free space wave number, ρpnIt is source point n at a distance from site p；Cover inner surface incident magnetic
X-component are as follows:
Wherein, ynAnd ypIt is the y-coordinate of source point n Yu site p respectively,For first kind zeroth order Hankel function, j is imaginary number
Unit；
The y-component of cover inner surface incident magnetic are as follows:
Wherein, xnAnd xpIt is the x coordinate of source point n Yu site d respectively；
Current excitation source, cover inner surface incident electric fields, the x-component of incident magnetic and y-component are indicated with matrix respectively, i.e.,
Interior discrete point is covered for whole d, cover inner surface incident electric fields, incident magnetic are expressed as matrix form:
E=W1I (9)
Hx=W2I (10)
Hy=W3I (11)
Wherein,
Analysis matrix W1、W2And W3, find their each element representative is the spatial position between radiation field and source point
Relationship, it is unrelated with ource electric current characteristic；When carrying out computation of radiation field in antenna house, matrix W can be precalculated1、W2And W3And it deposits
Storage, to improve the solving speed of radiation field；
Step 2.2, cover external radiation field
Tangential electric field E on antenna cover outer surfacetWith tangential magnetic field HtIt is respectively as follows:
Et=[(bEi)b]T⊥+[(t·Ei)t]T// (15)
Ht=[(bHi)b]T//+[(t·Hi)t]T⊥ (16)
Wherein, EiFor the incident electric fields on antenna cover inner surface, HiFor the incident magnetic on antenna cover inner surface, T//It is flat
Row polar transmission coefficient, T⊥For vertical polarization transmission coefficient, b is the vertical polarization directions unit vector of the plane of incidence, and t is parallel pole
Change direction unit vector；Based on local flat approximation principle, according to incidence angle, cover thickness, cover permittivity ε, by transmission line square
The tactical deployment of troops acquires T//With T⊥；
Equivalent electromagnetic current on cover outer surface may be expressed as:
J=a × Ht (17)
M'=Et×a (18)
Wherein, J is equivalent current, and M' is equivalent magnetic current, and a is the outer normal vector of unit of the equivalent face；
The radiation field of equivalent electromagnetic current in two-dimensional space are as follows:
Wherein, ρ is the distance between cover outer surface point and far field point vector, and l is the outer surface profile of cover；As ρ → ∞,
Asymptotic expansion is carried out to formula (19) using Hankel function to simplify, and is denoted as scalar form:
Wherein, π is pi, and e is natural constant,For far field unit direction vector, ρ ' is that the position of cover outer surface point is sweared
Amount, n ' are the outer normal orientation vector of cover outer surface point, and η is the impedance of nondissipative medium essence；
Formula (20) is converted into numerical integration, obtains the far field at outer q-th of the surface point of cover:
Wherein, d is the number of cover outer surface subdivision unit,For the far field unit direction vector of d unit,
npFor the outer normal orientation vector of d unit, MpFor the equivalent magnetic current of d unit, JpFor the equivalent electricity of d unit
Stream, ρpFor the position vector of d unit, lpFor the region subdivision length of cover outer surface d unit；
It is assumed that cover is outer to share Q far field point, far-field radiation field is indicated with matrix form:
Then cover external radiation far field is expressed as matrix form:
Efar=wW4M-wW5J (23)
And
After antenna and antenna house determine, antenna house shape does not change with position, coefficient w and matrix W4、W5It can be pre-
It first calculates and stores, to improve the efficiency of cover external radiation far field calculating；
Step 3, antenna house system structure Integrated optimization algorithm
The relationship for analyzing collimating fault and wave transmission rate and antenna cover structure parameter and aerial radiation parameter, establishes antenna house system
The Optimized model of structure of uniting design；On the basis of operator separating thought, using collimating fault and wave transmission rate as optimization aim, design
Two step optimisation strategies optimize antenna cover structure parameter using traditional Varying-thickness optimization method, and are calculated using population
Method optimizes aerial radiation parameter, provides the realization process of Integrated optimization algorithm；
Step 3.1, antenna house system structure Integrated optimization model
Set the structural parameters X of antenna houserIt indicates, the variable thickness sandwich layer on representative antennas cover at limited erect-position point
Thickness, the core layer thickness at other erect-position points of antenna house passes through to XrSpline interpolation obtains；Set aerial radiation parameter XaTable
Show, excitation on each antenna house array element of representative antennas variation, the adjustment of compensation and amplitude including phase, dimension by
Antenna house array element number determines；It sets G and represents the index parameter with cover aerial array, including collimating fault G1With wave transmission rate
G2；
According to antenna cover structure parameter XrWith aerial radiation parameter Xa, calculate remote in all directions of space with cover antenna
Field radiation intensity, draws poor directional diagram, then finds zero deep direction of poor directional diagram, the deviation that the direction and antenna expectation are directed toward
Referred to as collimating fault uses G1=B (Xr, Xa, θ) and it indicates, wherein θ indicates that angle is directed toward in the expectation of antenna scanning angle namely antenna；Thoroughly
Wave rate refers to covering front and back, and the far field intensity ratio in greatest irradiation direction uses G2=P (Xr, Xa, θ) and it indicates；
By the collimating fault under all scan angles, target is optimized as a whole with wave transmission rate, the antenna cover system of foundation
Structure-integrated Optimized model are as follows:
Wherein, F is to the overall assessment with cover antenna system, and S is the sum of scan angle,sFor the number of scan angle,UFor band
The index parameter sum of cover aerial array,uFor the number of index parameter, v (θs) correspond to scan angle thetasWeighting function,wuGeneration
Table index parameterGuWeight factor, DrWith DaIt is XrWith XaValued space；
In the Integrated optimization model that formula (27) represent, cover parameter X is adjustedrWith antenna parameter Xa, so that multiple scannings
Collimating fault G under angle1With wave transmission rate G2It is optimal；How the problem of this is a multivariable multiple-objection optimization guarantees to optimize
Precision and efficiency be the key that realize antenna cover structure Integrated optimization；
Step 3.2, the realization process of Integrated optimization algorithm
Integrated optimization model is typical multi-objective optimization question, and evolution algorithm can be used and solved；But because of model
In variable element it is excessive, computation burden is heavy, so that being difficult to find out optimal solution；In view of violent wave is not present in cover thickness
It is dynamic, it is believed that the radiation incoming wave incidence angle in covering on any position will not be because of cover thickness and the excitation of antenna house array element
It adjusts and changes, XrWith XaThere is no coupled relation；Therefore Optimized model is solved using operator separating thought, using two steps
Optimisation strategy；
Firstly, keeping aerial radiation parameter XaIt is constant, using traditional Varying-thickness antenna house optimization method to antenna house knot
Structure parameter XrIt optimizes；Then, antenna cover structure parameter X is keptrIt is constant, using particle swarm algorithm to aerial radiation parameter Xa
It optimizes；Details are not described herein again for traditional Varying-thickness antenna house optimization method, below analysis and utilization particle swarm algorithm to antenna
The realization process that radiation parameter optimizes；
One potential optimal solution of each particle representing optimized problem, with three Xiang Zhibiao of position, speed and fitness value
Indicate the particle characteristics；
Assuming that the dimension of search space is L, M' particle forms population Z=(Z1,Z2,...,Zi,...,ZM), wherein i-th
The position of a particle is expressed as vector Zi=(zi1,zi2,...,zil,...,ziL), speed is expressed as Vi=(vi1,vi2,...,
vil,...,viL), l=1,2 ..., L；Particle Z can be calculated according to fitness functioniCorresponding fitness value, individual pole
Value is Pbesti=(Pi1,Pi2,...,Pil,...,PiL), group's extreme value of population is Gbest=(G1,G2,...,Gl,...,GL)；
Particle is by tracking individual extreme value PbestWith group extreme value GbestUpdate itself speed and position, it may be assumed that
Wherein, c is inertia weight, and iter is the number of iterations；c1And c2It is non-negative constant, referred to as acceleration factor；r1With
r2It is distributed across the random number in [0,1] section；
Optimized model needs to take into account collimating fault and two parameters of wave transmission rate, if utilizing traditional multi-objective particle swarm algorithm
Realize optimization, then computational efficiency is lower；By designing reasonable fitness function, the realization of single goal particle swarm algorithm can use
Above-mentioned optimization process, optimization efficiency will greatly improve；The realization of aerial radiation parameter optimization is realized using particle swarm algorithm
Journey includes three aspects: particle position and fitness, particle initialization and particle update；
(1) particle position and fitness
When antenna house array element number is M', search space L=2M', preceding M' dimension is antenna house array element electricity
The phase of stream, rear M' dimension are the amplitudes of antenna house array element electric current；Define the vector that particle is 2M' dimension, vector element
Value range be Da；To optimize collimating fault and wave transmission rate simultaneously, by fitness function is defined as:
Wherein, w1With w2It is collimating fault B (Xr, Xa, θs) and wave transmission rate P (Xr, Xa, θs) weight coefficient, determine two
The degree of priority of optimization aim；v(θs) correspond to scan angle thetasWeighting function；BmaxBefore being optimization, each scan angle is most
Big collimating fault, PmaxWith PminMaximum and minimum wave transmission rate before being optimization；
(2) particle initializes
The initial position of i-th of particle isInitial population isMeter
The fitness of each particle is calculated, the optimal location of i-th of particle of setting isInitial population extreme value is set asThe initial velocity of each particle is set simultaneously, and the velocity interval of each of which variable is pair
Answer the half of position range；
(3) particle updates
In an iterative process, the speed that each particle is updated according to formula (28), needs to check that particle rapidity is after update
It is no in velocity interval, if it is not, then the position of each particle is then updated according to formula (29) with boundary value substitution；It calculates
The fitness of particle after update, if particle fitness is less than its individual extreme value, i.e.,Then more new individual
Extreme value placeOtherwise it remains unchanged；Simultaneously according to updated individual extreme value, group's extreme value place G is updatedbest；
By continuous iteration, then it can search for the aerial radiation parameter X with minimum fitness valuea, and to antenna house
The phase and amplitude of array element electric current is adjusted, and can guarantee collimating fault minimum, wave transmission rate highest, realizes band cover antenna
The Integrated optimization design of system.
In the following, antenna house system structure Integrated optimization algorithm provided in this embodiment is verified and is divided by experiment
Analysis:
Establish one include 25 yuan of linear arrays the oval A sandwich antenna cover system of tangent, to its system structure
It optimizes.The parameter of antenna house are as follows: cover long 40 λ, base diameter 20 λ, λ are free space wavelength.Two surface layers of A interlayer cover are situated between
Electric constant εrδ=0.005=3.0, loss tangent tan.Core material εrδ=0.001=1.1, tan.In optimization process, surface layer
The thickness of material remains that 0.8mm is constant, and variation range of the thickness of core material at 5 selected erect-position points is that 7mm is arrived
12mm。
When the thickness of core material remain 10mm it is constant when, obtained collimating fault and wave transmission rate are knot when being not optimised
Fruit.The antenna house system structure is optimized using Varying-thickness antenna house optimization method and algorithm provided in this embodiment.Become
Thickness antenna house optimization method (Radome Optimization, RO) only optimizes the structural parameters of antenna house.This implementation
The algorithm that example provides uses two step optimisation strategies, first optimizes to the structural parameters of antenna house, then to aerial radiation parameter
It optimizes.Algorithm provided in this embodiment adjusts the phase and amplitude of antenna house array element electric current simultaneously, compensates phase
Variation range is -5 °~5 °, and current magnitude variation range is 4~6mA, and algorithm provided in this embodiment is denoted as IO-RPA
(Integrated Optimization ofRadome Phase andAmplitude)。
Collimating fault and wave transmission rate after being optimized using two kinds of algorithms to antenna house is as shown in Figures 2 and 3, wherein sweeping
Retouch angleθVariation range be 0~50 °, be divided into 5 °.Compared with uniform thickness antenna house, Varying-thickness optimization make maximum BSE from
0.332 ° reduces to 0.306 °.Algorithm provided in this embodiment simultaneously optimizes current amplitude and phase, and maximum BSE is further
It is reduced to 0.118 °.Compared with uniform thickness antenna house, Varying-thickness optimization rises to minimum wave transmission rate from 86.5%
92.0%.Algorithm combined optimization current amplitude provided in this embodiment and compensation phase, wave transmission rate is close to 97.5%.
After being optimized using algorithms of different to antenna cover system, the average value of obtained collimating fault and wave transmission rate is shown in Table
1.It can be seen that, the average collimating fault of RO method is higher than collimating fault when being not optimised, this is because the side RO from table 1
Method can only enable the collimating fault under certain scan angles lower than the collimating fault before optimization, and algorithm IO- provided in this embodiment
RPA can be such that the collimating fault under all scan angles is optimized, and average collimating fault is only 0.0196 °, than what is be not optimised
Collimating fault will reduce an order of magnitude.The result of wave transmission rate is analyzed it can be found that when scan angle is less than 20 °, RO method energy
Wave transmission rate is enough improved, but after scan angle is greater than 20 °, the wave transmission rate of RO method will be lower than being not optimised as a result, the wave transparent that is therefore averaged
Rate, which is lower than, is not optimised result.Target progress is excellent as a whole by the wave transmission rate under all scan angles for algorithm provided in this embodiment
Change, overall performance gets a promotion, and average wave transmission rate is up to 97.5150%.Therefore, provided in this embodiment compared with being not optimised
Algorithm can improve wave transmission rate while reducing collimating fault.
The average collimating fault and average wave transmission rate of 1 algorithms of different of table
Fig. 4 gives the core layer thickness that obtains using Varying-thickness antenna house optimization method along point of antenna house axial direction erect-position
Cloth.It can be seen from the figure that because limited point has only been selected to optimize, then the specific thickness of cover is determined according to spline interpolation
Degree, thickness change is relatively gentler, and the technique for being conducive to cover is realized.
Need to provide the corresponding optimal antenna cover array element incentive program of each scan angle in Integrated optimization, when sweeping
When to retouch angle be 30 °, Fig. 5, which gives, utilizes the current amplitude that optimizes of IO-RPA and compensation phase.Utilize the benefit provided in figure
It repays phase and current amplitude to be adjusted antenna house array element antenna, the collimating fault of system is only 0.019 °, wave transmission rate
Reach 97.5133%.
For phased array antenna cover system, a kind of system structure Integrated optimization algorithm is proposed.By analyzing antenna house
The influence of structural parameters and aerial radiation parameter to collimating fault and wave transmission rate, establishes the Integrated optimization of antenna house system structure
Model.Using operator separating thought, two step optimisation strategies are formulated, using Varying-thickness method and particle swarm optimization respectively to antenna house
Structural parameters and aerial radiation parameter optimize, and realize the Integrated optimization design of antenna house system structure.Experimental result
Show that algorithm provided in this embodiment has collimating fault compared with the Varying-thickness antenna house optimization method for only optimizing antenna house
Advantage small, wave transmission rate is high facilitates the master-plan difficulty for reducing antenna house.
Embodiment described above is merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to this,
Anyone skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present disclosure, the technical solution that can be become apparent to
Simple change or equivalence replacement, all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of antenna house system structure Integrated optimization algorithm, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1 is calculated by far field, is obtained antenna house and antenna parameter, is obtained antenna house array element, calculates antenna house array
The exciting current of unit；
The array antenna in cover, the electric current of each array-element antenna cover array element are represented with one group of endless current source are as follows:
Wherein, m is array element serial number, and A and φ respectively represent the amplitude and phase of electric current, and M is array element number, and e is natural constant,
J is imaginary unit；
Step 2, computation of radiation field
Step 2.1 covers interior radiation field
The incident electric fields that the radiated electric field of antenna array only has z to component, at p-th of subdivision unit of antenna cover inner surface are as follows:
Wherein, d is subdivision unit number total in cover, and ω is electromagnetism angular frequency, μ0It is free space magnetic permeability,It is second
Class zeroth order Hankel function, k are free space wave number, ρpnIt is source point n at a distance from site p；The x of cover inner surface incident magnetic points
Amount are as follows:
Wherein, ynAnd ypIt is the y-coordinate of source point n Yu site p respectively,For first kind zeroth order Hankel function, j is imaginary number list
Position；
The y-component of cover inner surface incident magnetic are as follows:
Wherein, xnAnd xpIt is the x coordinate of source point n Yu site d respectively；
Current excitation source, cover inner surface incident electric fields, the x-component of incident magnetic and y-component are indicated with matrix respectively, i.e.,
Interior discrete point is covered for whole d, cover inner surface incident electric fields, incident magnetic are expressed as matrix form:
E=W1I (9)
Hx=W2I (10)
Hy=W3I (11)
Wherein,
When carrying out computation of radiation field in antenna house, matrix W is precalculated1、W2And W3And it stores；
Step 2.2, cover external radiation field
Tangential electric field E on antenna cover outer surfacetWith tangential magnetic field HtIt is respectively as follows:
Et=[(bEi)b]T⊥+[(t·Ei)t]T// (15)
Ht=[(bHi)b]T//+[(t·Hi)t]T⊥ (16)
Wherein, EiFor the incident electric fields on antenna cover inner surface, HiFor the incident magnetic on antenna cover inner surface, T//For parallel pole
Change transmission coefficient, T⊥For vertical polarization transmission coefficient, b is the vertical polarization directions unit vector of the plane of incidence, and t is parallel polarization side
To unit vector；Based on local flat approximation principle, according to incidence angle, cover thickness, cover permittivity ε, by transmission-line matrix method
Acquire T//With T⊥；
Equivalent electromagnetic current on cover outer surface may be expressed as:
J=a × Ht (17)
M'=Et×a (18)
Wherein, J is equivalent current, and M' is equivalent magnetic current, and a is the outer normal vector of unit of the equivalent face；
The radiation field of equivalent electromagnetic current in two-dimensional space are as follows:
Wherein, ρ is the distance between cover outer surface point and far field point vector, and l is the outer surface profile of cover；As ρ → ∞, utilize
Hankel function carries out asymptotic expansion to formula (19) and simplifies, and is denoted as scalar form:
Wherein, π is pi, and e is natural constant,For far field unit direction vector, ρ ' is the position vector of cover outer surface point,
N ' is the outer normal orientation vector of cover outer surface point, and η is the impedance of nondissipative medium essence；
Formula (20) is converted into numerical integration, obtains the far field at outer q-th of the surface point of cover:
Wherein, d is the number of cover outer surface subdivision unit,For the far field unit direction vector of d unit,
npFor the outer normal orientation vector of d unit, MpFor the equivalent magnetic current of d unit, JpFor the equivalent current of d unit, ρp
For the position vector of d unit, lpFor the region subdivision length of cover outer surface d unit；
It is assumed that cover is outer to share Q far field point, far-field radiation field is indicated with matrix form:
Then cover external radiation far field is expressed as matrix form:
Efar=wW4M-wW5J (23)
And
After antenna and antenna house determine, antenna house shape does not change with position, coefficient w and matrix W4、W5It can count in advance
It calculates and stores；
Step 3, antenna house system structure Integrated optimization algorithm
Step 3.1, antenna house system structure Integrated optimization model
Set the structural parameters X of antenna houserIt indicates, the thickness of the variable thickness sandwich layer on representative antennas cover at limited erect-position point
It spends, the core layer thickness at other erect-position points of antenna house passes through to XrSpline interpolation obtains；Set aerial radiation parameter XaIt indicates,
Excitation variation on each antenna house array element of representative antennas, the adjustment of compensation and amplitude including phase, dimension is by day
Irdome array element number determines；It sets G and represents the index parameter with cover aerial array, including collimating fault G1With wave transmission rate G2；
According to antenna cover structure parameter XrWith aerial radiation parameter Xa, calculate the far field spoke with cover antenna in all directions of space
Intensity is penetrated, poor directional diagram is drawn, then finds zero deep direction of poor directional diagram, the deviation that the direction and antenna expectation are directed toward is known as
Collimating fault uses G1=B (Xr, Xa, θ) and it indicates, wherein θ indicates that angle is directed toward in the expectation of antenna scanning angle namely antenna；Wave transmission rate
Refer to covering front and back, the far field intensity ratio in greatest irradiation direction uses G2=P (Xr, Xa, θ) and it indicates；
By the collimating fault under all scan angles, target is optimized as a whole with wave transmission rate, the antenna house system structure of foundation
Integrated optimization model are as follows:
Wherein, F is to the overall assessment with cover antenna system, and S is the sum of scan angle, and s is the number of scan angle, and U is band cover
The index parameter sum of aerial array, u are the number of index parameter, v (θs) correspond to scan angle thetasWeighting function, wuGeneration
Table index parameter GuWeight factor, DrWith DaIt is XrWith XaValued space；
In the Integrated optimization model that formula (27) represent, cover parameter X is adjustedrWith antenna parameter Xa, so that under multiple scan angles
Collimating fault G1With wave transmission rate G2It is optimal；
Step 3.2, the realization process of Integrated optimization algorithm
Optimized model is solved using operator separating thought, using two step optimisation strategies；
Firstly, keeping aerial radiation parameter XaIt is constant, using traditional Varying-thickness antenna house optimization method to antenna cover structure parameter
XrIt optimizes；Then, antenna cover structure parameter X is keptrIt is constant, using particle swarm algorithm to aerial radiation parameter XaIt carries out excellent
Change；
The realization process optimized using particle swarm algorithm to aerial radiation parameter is as follows；
One potential optimal solution of each particle representing optimized problem, with three position, speed and fitness value index expressions
The particle characteristics；
Assuming that the dimension of search space is L, M' particle forms population Z=(Z1,Z2,...,Zi,...,ZM), wherein i-th
The position of son is expressed as vector Zi=(zi1,zi2,...,zil,...,ziL), speed is expressed as Vi=(vi1,vi2,...,
vil,...,viL), l=1,2 ..., L；Particle Z can be calculated according to fitness functioniCorresponding fitness value, individual pole
Value is Pbesti=(Pi1,Pi2,...,Pil,...,PiL), group's extreme value of population is Gbest=(G1,G2,...,Gl,...,GL)；
Particle is by tracking individual extreme value PbestWith group extreme value GbestUpdate itself speed and position, it may be assumed that
Wherein, c is inertia weight, and iter is the number of iterations；c1And c2It is non-negative constant, referred to as acceleration factor；r1And r2It is
It is distributed in the random number in [0,1] section；
The realization process that aerial radiation parameter optimization is realized using particle swarm algorithm includes three aspects: particle position and adaptation
Degree, particle initialization and particle update；
(1) particle position and fitness
When antenna house array element number is M', search space L=2M', preceding M' dimension is antenna house array element electric current
Phase, rear M' dimension are the amplitudes of antenna house array element electric current；The vector that particle is 2M' dimension is defined, vector element takes
Value range is Da；To optimize collimating fault and wave transmission rate simultaneously, by fitness function is defined as:
Wherein, w1With w2It is collimating fault B (Xr, Xa, θs) and wave transmission rate P (Xr, Xa, θs) weight coefficient, determine two optimizations
The degree of priority of target；v(θs) correspond to scan angle thetasWeighting function；BmaxBefore being optimization, the maximum of each scan angle is taken aim at
Quasi- error, PmaxWith PminMaximum and minimum wave transmission rate before being optimization；
(2) particle initializes
The initial position of i-th of particle isInitial population isIt calculates every
The fitness of a particle, the optimal location that i-th of particle is arranged areInitial population extreme value is set asThe initial velocity of each particle is set simultaneously, and the velocity interval of each of which variable is pair
Answer the half of position range；
(3) particle updates
In an iterative process, the speed that each particle is updated according to formula (28), need to check after update particle rapidity whether
In velocity interval, if it is not, then the position of each particle is then updated according to formula (29) with boundary value substitution；It calculates and updates
The fitness of particle afterwards, if particle fitness is less than its individual extreme value, i.e.,Then more new individual extreme value
PositionOtherwise it remains unchanged；Simultaneously according to updated individual extreme value, group's extreme value place G is updatedbest；
By continuous iteration, then it can search for the aerial radiation parameter X with minimum fitness valuea, and to antenna house array list
The phase and amplitude of elementary current is adjusted, and realizes the Integrated optimization design with cover antenna system.
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