CN111324968B - Laying method of microseismic monitoring sensors for inclined stratum tunnel engineering - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for arranging microseismic monitoring sensors in inclined stratum tunnel engineering, and belongs to the technical field of underground engineering safety monitoring. The method comprises the steps of firstly determining the main incident direction of P waves of microseismic events in a monitoring area; and then establishing a regional construction coordinate system and an inclined layered stratum model according with the geological characteristics of the monitored region. Influence of interference waves such as reflected waves and refracted waves is ignored, and a ray path equation of the P wave is further established; then, sequentially substituting the ray parameters, the stratum parameters, the wave velocity parameters and the like into a ray equation to obtain the optimal position of the sensor arrangement in the inclined stratum medium; and finally, sequentially solving the positions of the sensors corresponding to other main incidence directions of the P waves of the seismic sources in the monitoring area, namely the optimal layout position of the sensors in the three-dimensional monitoring area. The method is simple in calculation and accurate in result, and is suitable for optimal position design of the microseismic monitoring sensor of inclined layered medium underground engineering such as highway tunnels, hydroelectric tunnels, underground mines and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of underground engineering safety monitoring, in particular to a method for arranging microseismic monitoring sensors in inclined stratum tunnel engineering.
Background
Sedimentary rock with a layered structure in nature occupies about 2/3 of the land area, while China occupies 77.3%, and many metamorphic rocks also have remarkable layered structure characteristics. However, china has become the underground engineering construction market with the fastest development in the world, and particularly in the special landforms mainly comprising mountains in western regions, the underground engineering construction has a large number of problems of stable inclined stratified rock masses, and new requirements and challenges are brought to builders. The microseismic monitoring technology has been widely applied to the field of underground engineering safety monitoring due to the advantages of continuity, regionality, real-time monitoring and the like, such as the monitoring of the construction of a cannelure, the monitoring of the TBM construction of a 3# diversion tunnel of a silk screen hydropower station, the safety monitoring of a side slope of a dam of a beach hydropower station, the safety monitoring of a left bank tail water connecting pipe of a white crane beach hydropower station and the like. The study on the spatial layout of the microseismic monitoring sensor network is the first task of the study on the microseismic monitoring technology: the operating stability, the data reliability, the microseismic positioning precision and the interpretation accuracy of the microseismic monitoring system are seriously restricted by the quality of the sensor arrangement position. These in turn determine whether the safety evaluation of the underground engineering is reasonable, such as the development trend of potential crack surfaces causing landslide or tunnel collapse.
System research is carried out by fresh scholars at home and abroad aiming at an underground engineering microseismic monitoring network optimization design method in an inclined stratum, most of the engineering sites use related theories or methods for arranging table nets in the field of coal mine underground microseismic monitoring networks or earthquake monitoring, and the microseismic systems of projects such as Shanxi Yuanyang tunnels and the like adopt the arrangement methods of sensors of 'inner field', 'near field' and 'far field' in the field of coal mines; the tunnel No. 1 of the Yunnan Guangshan adopts a design method of whole-area overall monitoring and tunnel face key monitoring; the method is characterized in that the left bank slope of the mosaic screen primary hydropower station is based on a D value optimization theory, and the selection of a micro-seismic sensor and the optimization design of a monitoring system station network are carried out by combining the positioning precision of a micro-seismic event seismic source, the sensitivity requirement of a monitoring system, engineering conditions and the monitoring purpose; when sensors of the earth pressure disaster micro-seismic monitoring system in the tungsten ore residual mining area of the incence furnace are spatially arranged, the situation that the positioning error of a key monitoring area is small and the sensitivity to a small seismic event is high is considered, and meanwhile the limitation of field arrangement conditions is considered; the optimal monitoring system configuration scheme of the microseismic monitoring requirement of the wax gourd cuprite first mining area is obtained through a D value theory, the problem of optimization of the configuration of the table top screen of the large-scale deep well mining microseismic monitoring system is researched, and the requirement is determined.
Summarizing the current approaches, there are several disadvantages: (1) Related layout methods such as 'internal-external field', 'far-near field', 'integral coverage-regional emphasis monitoring' and the like only plan the layout region of the sensor in a macroscopic qualitative manner, and cannot provide specific coordinates which can be directly used for field installation; (2) The core of theoretical algorithms such as D value optimization, C value optimization and the like is to solve under an ideal environment with a uniform medium or a constant wave speed, the influence of inclined laminar strata of underground engineering is not considered, and the method is not consistent with the actual engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for arranging microseismic monitoring sensors in inclined stratum tunnel engineering, wherein the main incident direction of P wave of microseismic events in a monitoring area is determined by the stress characteristics of a monitored object and the mechanism characteristic statistical rule of a seismic source in the monitoring area; establishing a two-dimensional region construction coordinate system and a layered stratum model according with geological characteristics of a monitored region, further establishing a ray path equation of P waves, and sequentially substituting ray parameters, stratum parameters, wave velocity parameters and the like into the ray equation to finally obtain the optimal position of sensor arrangement in the inclined layered medium; and sequentially solving the positions of the sensors corresponding to other main incidence directions of the P waves of the seismic sources in the monitoring area, namely the optimal layout position of the sensors in the three-dimensional monitoring area. The method is also suitable for the optimal position design of the microseismic monitoring sensor of horizontal layered medium underground engineering of civil engineering, hydropower and the like.
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) Determining the main incidence direction of the P wave: determining the main P-wave incident direction of the microseismic event in the monitoring area according to the stress characteristics of the monitored object and the statistical law of the mechanism characteristics of the seismic source in the monitoring area;
(2) Establishing a coordinate system and a stratum model: establishing a regional construction coordinate system and an inclined layered stratum model according to a microseismic main monitoring region and a sensor layout region, and acquiring wave velocity and layer thickness geological parameters of each layer in the stratum model according to field survey data or a wave velocity tester and the like;
(3) Geological conversion of dip and layer thickness of dipping formation: the inclined stratum model needs to consider the inclination and the influence of the inclination on the P wave propagation direction, and the section where the P wave ray propagation track is located may not be parallel to the stratum inclination, so the true inclination needs to be converted into the apparent inclination in the calculation process. In addition, the vertical distance between the top and bottom boundaries of each formation is no longer the true thickness of the formation, but rather the apparent thickness. Since the vertical thickness of the formation is constant, the apparent thickness can be calculated from the vertical thickness and the apparent dip angle. The inclined stratum model needs to consider the influence of the inclination and the inclination angle on the P wave propagation direction, the true inclination angle needs to be converted into the apparent inclination angle in advance in the calculation process, and the vertical thickness of the stratum is converted into the apparent thickness;
(4) Establishing a ray path equation of the P wave: energy proportion of reflected waves, refracted waves and the like in the mine microseismic monitoring signals is relatively small, only transmitted waves received by the sensor are considered, influence of interference waves is ignored, and a coordinate system of P waves in the direction in the step (2) and a ray path equation in the stratum model are established on the basis of the main incidence direction of the P waves determined in the step (1) and in combination with the snell's law;
(5) Solving the optimal position of the sensor: sequentially substituting the layer thickness parameter, the wave velocity parameter and the like in the step (2) and the apparent dip angle, the apparent thickness and the like in the step (3) into the ray path equation in the step (4) to obtain the optimal position of the sensor arrangement in the inclined layered stratum medium in the step (2);
(6) Solving the sensor position in the three-dimensional monitoring area of the underground engineering: and (5) sequentially solving the sensor positions corresponding to the main incidence directions of the P waves of all the seismic sources in the monitoring area according to the steps (2) to (5), namely the optimal arrangement positions of the sensors in the three-dimensional monitoring area.
Wherein the stress characteristics of the monitored object in the step (1) comprise collapse under the action of gravity and horizontal stress of a regional structural stress field, bottom heave, rock burst and the like caused by stress redistribution due to excavation unloading; the statistical law of the mechanism characteristics of the seismic source in the monitoring area refers to the azimuth and elevation distribution characteristics of a main pressure stress axis and a medium stress axis in the stress release direction of a main microseismic event in the monitoring area or a claiming stress axis, so that the main incidence direction of the P wave is determined; a certain main seismic source o (x) 0 ,z 0 ) Is used as the initial incident angle of the P wave 0 And (4) showing.
The area construction coordinate system in the step (2) is determined according to the field measurement habit of the underground engineering, and comprises a geodetic coordinate system and a Gaussian plane rectangular coordinate system; the established regional construction coordinate system ensures that the major microseismic monitoring region and the sensor arrangement region are positioned in a first quadrant of the coordinate system, and the origin of the coordinate system is marked as O (0, 0); the stratum model is marked as Z from bottom to top in sequence 1 ,Z 2 ,…,Z i ,…,Z n Wherein i is the number of layers, i =1,2, \8230, n; z i ,Z i+1 Respectively the lower boundary and the upper boundary of the ith layer; v. of i 、θ i 、h i 、H i Respectively representing the speed, the incident angle, the real thickness and the vertical thickness of the ith layer in the region to be monitored; the stratum of the main seismic source of the area to be monitored is represented by a 0 th layer, the stratum of the uppermost layer of the area to be laid with the sensors is represented by an nth layer, and v is 0 、H 0 Respectively representing the speed of the stratum where the main seismic source to be monitored is positioned, the vertical thickness from the bottom surface of a coordinate system to the interface of the upper rock layer, theta 0 For monitoring the initial angle of incidence of the main seismic source in the area, H n Which represents the vertical thickness of the top of the area to be monitored to its lower formation interface.
The conversion relation between the true dip angle and the apparent dip angle of the inclined stratum in the step (3) is as follows:
tanβ i ＝tanα i ·cosω,i＝0,1,2,…,n
the apparent thickness is obtained by calculating the vertical thickness and the apparent inclination angle, and the formula is as follows:
H i ＝h i /cosα i ，
wherein alpha is i Is the true tilt angle, beta, of the ith layer i The apparent dip angle of the ith layer is omega, and the included angle between the section where the ray is located and the inclination is the included angle between the apparent inclination and the true inclination; h is i 、
H i The real thickness, the apparent thickness and the vertical thickness of the ith layer respectively; the stratum where the main seismic source is located in the area to be monitored is represented by a 0 th layer, the stratum at the uppermost layer of the area to be distributed with the sensors is represented by an nth layer, and H 0 Respectively, the vertical thickness H from the bottom of the coordinate system of the area to be monitored to the interface of the upper rock layer n Which represents the vertical thickness of the top of the area to be monitored to its lower formation interface.
The ray path equation in the step (4) is as follows:
p＝sinθ i /v i ；
wherein, p is a ray parameter, i is the number of layers, i =0,1,2, \8230, n, the stratum where the main seismic source of the region to be monitored is located is represented by the 0 th layer, and the stratum at the uppermost layer of the region to be distributed with the sensor is represented by the n th layer; v. of i ，θ i Respectively representing the velocity and incident angle of the ith layer in the region to be monitored.
The calculation formula of the horizontal distance delta (epicenter distance) between two points of the seismic source and the receiving point can be obtained by using the geometrical relation:
the different seismic phases have respective ray path equations by defining equivalent layer thicknesses
Can be converted into the same form, with ray parameters p = sin θ k /v k The following can be obtained:
in the formula, h i Representing the true thickness of the i-th layer in the area to be monitored, H 0 Respectively, the vertical thickness H from the bottom of the coordinate system of the area to be monitored to the interface of the upper rock layer n Which represents the vertical thickness of the top of the area to be monitored to its lower formation interface.
In the step (5), according to the snell law, a ray parameter p is a constant value:
in the formula, theta 0 For monitoring the initial angle of incidence, v, of the main seismic source in the area 0 The method comprises the steps of representing the speed of a stratum where a main seismic source to be monitored is located, i is the number of layers, i =0,1,2, \ 8230, n, representing the stratum where the main seismic source in a region to be monitored is located by a 0 th layer, representing the stratum at the uppermost layer of a region where a sensor is to be laid by an nth layer, and v i 、θ i Respectively representing the speed and the incident angle of the ith layer in the region to be monitored;
and finally, determining the position of an emergent point of the ray in the layered stratum, namely the optimal position of the sensor layout:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the equivalent layer thickness, x 0 Representing the lateral coordinates of the seismic source in the regional coordinate system, z 0 Representing the vertical coordinate of the seismic source in a regional coordinate system, H 0 Vertical thickness, h, from the bottom of the coordinate system to the upper strata boundary surface i Is the true thickness of the ith layer, H n Representing the vertical thickness, beta, of the top of the zone to be monitored to the lower strata boundary surface thereof i Is the apparent tilt angle of the i-th layer, beta 0 Is a main seismic sourceApparent dip angle of formation, alpha i Is the true tilt angle, beta, of the ith layer n Indicating the view tilt angle of the uppermost layer of the area to be monitored.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) Related layout methods such as 'inner-outer field', 'far-near field', 'integral coverage-regional emphasis monitoring' and the like in the field of coal mines are only used for planning a sensor layout region in a macroscopic qualitative mode and cannot provide specific coordinates which can be directly used for field installation, and the accurate layout coordinates can be calculated so as to facilitate construction.
(2) The core of the traditional theoretical algorithms such as D value optimization, C value optimization and the like is to solve under an ideal environment with a uniform medium or a constant wave speed, the influence of an inclined layered stratum of an underground engineering is not considered, and the method is not in accordance with the actual engineering. The solving process is based on the field real geological model, considers the influence of the inclined layered stratum of the underground engineering and is more suitable for the engineering field.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow chart of the method for laying the microseismic monitoring sensors in the inclined stratum tunnel engineering of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the apparent dip angle and the true dip angle of the inclined stratum according to the method for laying the microseismic monitoring sensor in the inclined stratum tunnel engineering;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the position relationship among the true thickness, the apparent thickness and the vertical thickness in the inclined stratum according to the method for arranging the microseismic monitoring sensor in the inclined stratum tunnel engineering of the present invention, wherein (a) is the position relationship between the true thickness and the vertical thickness, and (b) is the relationship between the apparent thickness and the vertical thickness;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a two-dimensional model of the layout method of the microseismic monitoring sensors for inclined stratum tunnel engineering of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of solving and laying sensors in a three-dimensional monitoring area of the method for laying the microseismic monitoring sensors in the inclined stratum tunnel engineering.
Wherein: 1-true dip of rock formation; 2- -true thickness; 3-vertical thickness; 4-formation dip angle; 5-apparent thickness; 6-angle between true and apparent tendencies; 7-monitoring area and sensor layout area; 8-sensor layout position horizontal line; 9-formation boundary; 10-various rock strata; 11-a seismic source; 12-P wave initial angle of incidence; 13-angle of incidence; 14-ray path; 15-optimal position of the sensor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a layout method of microseismic monitoring sensors in inclined stratum tunnel engineering, aiming at the problems that the macroscopic qualitative method for the layout of microseismic monitoring sensors such as 'internal-external field' and the like in the existing coal mine field can not provide accurate installation positions, and the quantitative methods such as a D value optimization theory and the like are not accurate enough due to the fact that the influence of a field inclined stratum medium is not considered.
As shown in fig. 1, the method comprises the steps of:
(1) Determining the main incidence direction of the P wave: determining the main P-wave incident direction of the microseismic event in the monitoring area according to the stress characteristics of the monitored object and the statistical law of the mechanism characteristics of the seismic source in the monitoring area;
(2) Establishing a coordinate system and a stratum model: establishing a regional construction coordinate system and an inclined layered stratum model according to a microseismic main monitoring region and a sensor layout region, and acquiring wave velocity and layer thickness geological parameters of each layer in the stratum model according to field survey data or a wave velocity tester;
(3) Geological conversion of dip and layer thickness of dipping formation: the inclined stratum model needs to consider the influence of the inclination and the inclination angle on the P wave propagation direction, a true inclination angle needs to be converted into an apparent inclination angle in advance in the calculation process, and the vertical thickness of the stratum needs to be converted into the apparent thickness;
(4) Establishing a ray path equation of the P wave: only the transmitted wave received by the sensor is considered in the mine microseismic monitoring signal, and based on the main incidence direction of the P wave determined in the step (1), the ray path equation of the P wave in the direction in the step (2) and the stratum model is established in combination with the snell's law;
(5) Solving the optimal position of the sensor: sequentially substituting the layer thickness parameter and the wave velocity parameter in the step (2) and the apparent dip angle and the apparent thickness in the step (3) into the ray path equation in the step (4) to obtain the optimal position of the sensor arrangement in the inclined layered stratum medium in the step (2);
(6) Solving the sensor position in the three-dimensional monitoring area of the underground engineering: and (5) sequentially solving the sensor positions corresponding to the main incidence directions of the P waves of all the seismic sources in the monitoring area according to the steps (2) to (5), namely the optimal layout positions of the sensors in the three-dimensional monitoring area.
The stratum model adopted by the calculation of the invention is shown in figure 4, and the internal calculation principle of the three-dimensional monitoring area is shown in figure 5.
In specific implementation, firstly, a main incident direction of a P-wave of a seismic source in a monitoring area is determined, then, a two-dimensional coordinate system is established in the monitoring area and a sensor arrangement area 7, as shown in fig. 4, the uppermost layer of the area is a sensor arrangement position horizontal line 8, stratum boundary lines 9 are arranged among various rock stratums 10, an incident angle 13 corresponding to a ray path 14 in each rock stratum 10 can be calculated according to an initial incident angle 12 of the P-wave of the seismic source 11, and finally, an optimal position 15 of a sensor can be calculated.
The positional relationship between the apparent dip angle and the true dip angle in the inclined formation is shown in fig. 2, and the positional relationship between the true thickness, the apparent thickness and the vertical thickness in the inclined formation is shown in fig. 3, where 1 denotes the true dip angle of the rock formation, 2 denotes the true thickness, 3 denotes the vertical thickness, 4 denotes the apparent dip angle of the rock formation, 5 denotes the apparent thickness, and 6 denotes the angle between the true dip angle and the apparent dip angle.
And (4) solving again according to the statistical rule of the main incidence directions of the P waves of other seismic sources in the monitoring area and the steps (2), (3) and (4), so that the positions of the sensors in different arrangement directions can be obtained. Due to the different transmission directions of the P-waves of different seismic sources, the positions of the sensors will be distributed over the three-dimensional space of the monitoring area.
The following description is given with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
(1) In order to ensure the stability of the underground engineering, a microseismic monitoring system is planned to be introduced to monitor the region, and a cube region A with the side length of 100m is planned to be arranged in the first batch of regions 1 B 1 C 1 D 1 The 4 sensors are installed on the boundary of ABCD, and the 4 sensor positions need to be optimally designed.
(2) According to the stress characteristics of the monitored object and the mechanism characteristic statistical law of the seismic sources in the monitoring area, the primary incidence direction of the P wave of each seismic source in the monitoring area is preliminarily judged as shown in FIG. 5, the incidence point is positioned at the center of the bottom surface of the monitoring area and can be represented by J, and the incidence angle theta is J =10 °. Incident direction being subordinate to plane A in vertical direction 1 C 1 CA, belonging to the plane ABCD, i.e. ω, in the horizontal direction J ＝45°。
(3) The construction coordinate system of this region is shown in fig. 4 with a as the origin and the coordinate axis xyz. The stratum is three layers, the true dip angles of all the layers are equal to alpha =30 degrees, and the relevant parameters of the four layers of the stratum from bottom to top are as follows: v. of 0 ＝1995m/s，H 1 ＝22m，v 1 ＝2126m/s，H 2 ＝53m,，v 2 ＝2320m/s，v 3 =2272m/s. Vertical thickness from bottom surface of coordinate system of region to be monitored to interface of upper rock stratum
The construction coordinate of the J point is X according to calculation J0 = (50,50,0), vertical distance of J point from upper rock formation d 0 ＝H 0 (iii) vertical thickness H from the top of the zone to be monitored to the lower strata boundary surface (third layer geologic bottom) 3 ＝32.57m。
(4) According to the conversion relation between the true dip angle and the apparent dip angle of the inclined stratum in the step (3), the apparent dip angle beta can be obtained J ＝22.21°。
(5) According to the optimal position calculation formula of the sensor arrangement in the step (5), parameters such as thickness of each layer of the stratum, wave velocity, initial seismic source position, initial incidence angle and apparent dip angle in the step (3) and the step (4) are substituted in sequence, and finally the coordinate of the optimal arrangement position of the sensor in the direction is solved as follows: x J0 ＝(96.68,96.68,100)。
(5) As 4 sensors are distributed, each seismic source P in the monitoring area is obtained again according to the stress characteristics of the monitored object and the mechanism characteristic statistical rule of the seismic source in the monitoring areaThe other 3 main incident directions of the wave are shown in fig. 5, the incident points can be respectively represented by three points D, M, and N, and the incident angles are: theta D ＝15°，θ M ＝20°，θ N =25 °. Respectively belonging to the surface D in the vertical direction 1 B 1 BD、N 1 E 1 EN、A 1 B 1 BA, which belongs to the surface ABCD in the horizontal direction, i.e. the included angle between the apparent tendency and the true tendency is distributed as omega D ＝-45°，ω M ＝0°，ω N ＝0°。
According to calculation, the construction coordinates of three seismic source points D, M and N are X D0 ＝(0,100,0)，X M0 ＝(0,50,0)，X D0 = (0,50,0), vertical distance D of D, N point from upper rock stratum 0 ＝h 0 The vertical distance of the M point from the upper rock layer is d 0 ＝H 0 And/3, as shown in FIG. 3.
According to the conversion relation between the true dip angle and the apparent dip angle of the inclined stratum in the step (3), the apparent dip angle beta can be obtained D ＝22.21°，β M ＝30°，β N =30 °, as shown in fig. 2.
(6) And (4) sequentially establishing a two-dimensional area coordinate system according to a vertical plane where the three main incidence directions are located, sequentially substituting parameters such as the thickness of each stratum layer, the wave speed, the initial seismic source position, the initial incidence angle, the apparent dip angle and the like according to the optimal sensor layout position calculation formula in the step (3), and finally solving the coordinates of the optimal sensor layout positions in the three directions: x D0 ＝(56.49,43.51,100)，X M0 ＝(100,0,38.99)，X N0 ＝(100,50,63.97)。
(7) Due to the different P wave transmission directions of different seismic sources, the positions of the sensors are distributed on the three-dimensional space of the monitoring area, and the positions of the four sensors are X shown in FIG. 5 J1 、X D1 、X M1 、X N1 Is located at the black triangle.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for arranging microseismic monitoring sensors in inclined stratum tunnel engineering is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: determining the main incidence direction of the P wave: determining the main P-wave incident direction of the microseismic event in the monitoring area according to the stress characteristics of the monitored object and the statistical law of the mechanism characteristics of the seismic source in the monitoring area;
s2: establishing a coordinate system and a stratum model: establishing a regional construction coordinate system and an inclined layered stratum model according to a microseismic main monitoring region and a sensor layout region, and acquiring wave velocity and layer thickness geological parameters of each layer in the stratum model according to field survey data or a wave velocity tester;
s3: geological conversion of dip and layer thickness of dipping formations: the inclined stratum model needs to consider the influence of the inclination and the inclination angle on the P wave propagation direction, a true inclination angle needs to be converted into an apparent inclination angle in advance in the calculation process, and the vertical thickness of the stratum needs to be converted into the apparent thickness;
s4: establishing a ray path equation of the P wave: only the transmitted wave received by the sensor is considered in the mine microseismic monitoring signal, and based on the main incidence direction of the P wave determined in the step S1 and the snell law, a coordinate system of the P wave in the direction in the step S2 and a ray path equation in the stratum model are established;
s5: solving the optimal position of the sensor: sequentially substituting the layer thickness parameter and the wave velocity parameter in the step S2 and the apparent dip angle and the apparent thickness in the step S3 into the ray path equation in the step S4 to obtain the optimal position of the sensor layout in the inclined layered stratum medium in the step S2;
s6: solving the sensor position in the three-dimensional monitoring area of the underground engineering: and according to the steps S2-S5, the sensor positions corresponding to the main incidence directions of the P waves of all the seismic sources in the monitoring area are sequentially solved, and the sensor positions are the optimal layout positions of the sensors in the three-dimensional monitoring area.
2. The method for arranging microseismic monitoring sensors in inclined stratum tunnel engineering according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the step S1 of monitoringThe stress characteristics of the measured object comprise collapse under the action of gravity and horizontal stress of a regional structural stress field, and bottom heave and rock burst caused by stress redistribution due to excavation unloading; the statistical law of the mechanism characteristics of the seismic source in the monitoring area refers to the azimuth and elevation distribution characteristics of a main pressure stress axis and a medium stress axis in the stress release direction of a main microseismic event in the monitoring area or a claiming stress axis, so that the main incidence direction of the P wave is determined; a certain main seismic source o (x) 0 ,z 0 ) Is used as the initial incident angle of the P wave 0 And (4) showing.
3. The laying method of the microseismic monitoring sensor for inclined stratum tunnel engineering as recited in claim 1, wherein the microseismic monitoring sensor comprises the following steps: the area construction coordinate system in the step S2 is determined according to the field measurement habit of the underground engineering, and comprises a geodetic coordinate system and a Gaussian plane rectangular coordinate system; the established regional construction coordinate system ensures that the major microseismic monitoring region and the sensor layout region are positioned in the first quadrant of the coordinate system, and the original point of the coordinate system is marked as O (0, 0); the stratum model is marked as Z from bottom to top in sequence 1 ,Z 2 ,…,Z i ,…,Z n Wherein i is the number of layers, i =1,2, \8230, n; z is a linear or branched member i ,Z i+1 Respectively the lower boundary and the upper boundary of the ith layer; v. of i 、θ i 、h i 、H i Respectively representing the speed, the incident angle, the real thickness and the vertical thickness of the ith layer in the region to be monitored; the stratum where the main seismic source is located in the area to be monitored is represented by a 0 th layer, the stratum at the uppermost layer of the area where the sensors are to be distributed is represented by an nth layer, and v 0 、H 0 Respectively representing the speed of the stratum where the main seismic source to be monitored is positioned, the vertical thickness from the bottom surface of a coordinate system to the interface of the upper rock layer, theta 0 For monitoring the initial angle of incidence of the main seismic source in the area, H n Which represents the vertical thickness from the top of the area to be monitored to its lower formation interface.
4. The method for arranging microseismic monitoring sensors in inclined stratum tunnel engineering according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the conversion relationship between the true dip angle and the apparent dip angle of the inclined stratum in the step S3 is as follows:
tanβ i ＝tanα i ·cosω,i＝0,1,2,…,n
the apparent thickness is obtained by calculating the vertical thickness and the apparent inclination angle, and the formula is as follows:
H i ＝h i /cosα i ，
wherein alpha is i Is the true tilt angle, beta, of the ith layer i The apparent dip angle of the ith layer is omega, and the included angle between the section where the ray is located and the inclination is the included angle between the apparent inclination and the true inclination; h is i 、
H i The real thickness, the apparent thickness and the vertical thickness of the ith layer respectively; the stratum where the main seismic source is located in the area to be monitored is represented by a 0 th layer, the stratum at the uppermost layer of the area to be distributed with the sensors is represented by an nth layer, and H 0 Respectively, the vertical thickness H from the bottom of the coordinate system of the area to be monitored to the interface of the upper rock layer n Which represents the vertical thickness of the top of the area to be monitored to its lower formation interface.
5. The method for arranging microseismic monitoring sensors in inclined stratum tunnel engineering according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the ray path equation in the step S4 is as follows:
p＝sinθ i /v i ；
wherein, p is a ray parameter, i is the number of layers, i =0,1,2, \8230, n, the stratum where the main seismic source of the region to be monitored is located is represented by the 0 th layer, and the stratum at the uppermost layer of the region to be distributed with the sensor is represented by the n th layer; v. of i ，θ i Respectively representing the velocity and incident angle of the ith layer in the region to be monitored.
6. The method for arranging microseismic monitoring sensors in inclined stratum tunnel engineering according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step S5, according to the snell' S law, the ray parameter p is a constant value:
in the formula, theta 0 For monitoring the initial angle of incidence, v, of the main seismic source in the area 0 The method comprises the steps of representing the speed of a stratum where a main seismic source to be monitored is located, i is the number of layers, i =0,1,2, \ 8230, n, representing the stratum where the main seismic source in a region to be monitored is located by a 0 th layer, representing the stratum at the uppermost layer of a region where a sensor is to be laid by an nth layer, and v i 、θ i Respectively representing the speed and the incident angle of the ith layer in the region to be monitored;
and finally, determining the position of an emergent point of the ray in the layered stratum, namely the optimal position of the sensor layout:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the equivalent layer thickness, x 0 Representing the lateral coordinates of the seismic source in the regional coordinate system, z 0 Representing the vertical coordinate of the seismic source in a regional coordinate system, H 0 Vertical thickness, h, of the bottom surface of the coordinate system to the boundary surface of the upper rock formation i Is the true thickness of the ith layer, H n Representing the vertical thickness, beta, of the interface from the top of the zone to be monitored to the lower rock formation i Is the apparent tilt angle of the i-th layer, beta 0 Is the apparent dip angle, alpha, of the formation in which the primary seismic source is located i Is the true tilt angle, beta, of the ith layer n Indicating the view tilt angle of the uppermost layer of the area to be monitored. />
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