CN111323338B - Gas flow online calibration system and method - Google Patents
Gas flow online calibration system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111323338B CN111323338B CN202010144797.8A CN202010144797A CN111323338B CN 111323338 B CN111323338 B CN 111323338B CN 202010144797 A CN202010144797 A CN 202010144797A CN 111323338 B CN111323338 B CN 111323338B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
- G01N11/02—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by measuring flow of the material
- G01N11/04—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by measuring flow of the material through a restricted passage, e.g. tube, aperture
- G01N11/06—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by measuring flow of the material through a restricted passage, e.g. tube, aperture by timing the outflow of a known quantity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
- G01F1/34—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F25/00—Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume
- G01F25/10—Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume of flowmeters
Abstract
The invention discloses an on-line gas flow calibration system and method, which realize flow calibration by connecting a standard flowmeter and a calibrated flowmeter in series. The calibration system mainly comprises a standard flowmeter, a gas viscosity measurement system and a computer. The gas viscosity measuring system mainly comprises a cylinder-piston flow measuring unit, a reference laminar flow element, a differential pressure transmitter, a two-position five-way electromagnetic valve, an air pump and an inlet-outlet switch valve. The cylinder-piston flow measuring unit measures the volume flow in the reference pipeline, the differential pressure transmitter measures the differential pressure on two sides of the reference laminar flow element, and the gas viscosity is calculated according to the Hagen-Bosu leaf formula. After the viscosity is obtained, the gas flow flowing through the standard flowmeter can be calculated according to the differential pressure on the two sides of the laminar flow element of the standard flowmeter, and the gas flow is compared with the measurement data of the calibrated flowmeter to realize flow calibration. The method can be used for on-line measurement of gas viscosity and on-line calibration of various gas flow rates.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of flow measurement, in particular to an online gas flow calibration method and device.
Background
To ensure accurate flow measurements, the flow meter needs to be calibrated periodically. Flowmeter calibration is usually performed in an off-line manner, the flowmeter is detached from the pipeline, and a special flow standard device is used in a laboratory for calibration test. Since the measurement error of the flowmeter is influenced by the field installation condition besides being related to the accuracy of the flowmeter, the off-line calibration result (measurement error) cannot be completely equivalent to the installation of the flowmeter in the measurement pipeline. In addition, the heavy large-caliber flowmeter needs a large amount of disassembly and assembly work during the offline calibration process, and sometimes the flowmeter is not suitable for offline calibration (verification) because the metering is not allowed to be interrupted. Therefore, there is a great practical need for an online flow calibration technique.
Two conditions are needed for flow online calibration, namely a calibration joint and a calibration bypass are reserved on a pipeline, and a proper mobile flow standard device is arranged on the pipeline. The mobile medium-large flow gas flow standard device generally adopts a standard flowmeter method, the main requirements of the standard flowmeter are high accuracy, good repeatability and large range ratio, and the standard flowmeter can be used as a roots flowmeter, a turbine flowmeter and an ultrasonic flowmeter at present. The turbine flowmeter and the ultrasonic flowmeter belong to speed type flowmeters, and require long upstream and downstream straight pipe sections, and the field calibration is limited; the Roots flowmeter is of a positive displacement type and theoretically has no straight pipe section requirement, but when the Roots flowmeter operates, periodic disturbance is generated on flow, flow and pressure are fluctuated, and certain influence is generated on a calibrated flowmeter.
The laminar flow meter works based on the linear relation between the flow rate and the pressure drop of a laminar flow element, has the characteristics of accurate measurement, good repeatability, wide range ratio, stability, reliability, low requirement on a straight pipe section and the like, and is suitable for serving as a standard flow meter. However, the laminar flow meter needs to know the viscosity of the fluid during operation, and is generally suitable for pure gas or mixed gas with known physical properties, and the measurement of the laminar flow meter is difficult because the viscosity is often unknown or inaccurate in online calibration of a natural gas pipeline and the like. Therefore, it is desirable for laminar flow meters to be used on in-situ online calibration devices to have online fluid viscosity measurement capability to enable accurate flow measurement.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a gas viscosity measurement system, a gas flow online calibration system, and a method thereof, which can solve one or more of the above problems.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a gas viscosity measurement system comprises a cylinder, a piston, a photoelectric probe I, a photoelectric probe II, a two-position five-way electromagnetic valve, a reference laminar flow element, a differential pressure transmitter II and a measurement and control unit; a piston is arranged in the cylinder, and a photoelectric probe I and a photoelectric probe II are respectively arranged near the inlet and the outlet of the cylinder; the cylinder and the reference laminar flow element are connected in series through a pipeline to form a gas viscosity measuring gas path, the two-position five-way electromagnetic valve is installed at the inlet and the outlet of the gas viscosity measuring gas path, and the two-position five-way electromagnetic valve reverses to enable gas in the gas viscosity measuring gas path to flow alternately in two directions so as to push the piston to reciprocate in the cylinder; two ends of the reference laminar flow element are connected with a differential pressure transmitter II; the reference laminar flow element, the photoelectric probe I, the photoelectric probe II and the differential pressure transmitter II are respectively connected to the measurement and control unit.
Preferably: the air pump is arranged on an air pipe exhausting from the two-position five-way electromagnetic valve. The air pump is used for providing necessary driving force for the gas viscosity measuring pipeline so as to overcome the flowing resistance in the pipeline and ensure that the flowing in the capillary inside the reference laminar flow element reaches a certain flow rate.
Preferably: the measurement and control unit is connected with a computer.
Preferably: the cylinder is vertically installed. So as to reduce the friction between the cylinder and the piston and reduce the abrasion of the cylinder and the piston.
The gas flow online calibration system comprises the gas viscosity measurement system, a gas pipeline, a calibrated flowmeter, a bypass valve I, a bypass valve II, a standard flowmeter laminar flow element, a differential pressure transmitter I, a switch valve I and a switch valve II; the calibrated flowmeter is arranged on a gas pipeline, and a bypass valve I and a bypass valve II are arranged on the gas pipeline; two ends of the standard flow meter laminar flow element are respectively connected into a bypass valve I and a bypass valve II; the differential pressure transmitter I is connected to two ends of a standard flowmeter laminar flow element; the differential pressure transmitter I is connected to the measurement and control unit; two branch pipes are connected to a downstream pipeline of the standard flow meter laminar flow element and are respectively connected with an inlet and an outlet of a gas viscosity measurement gas circuit, and a switch valve I and a switch valve II are arranged at the inlet and the outlet.
Preferably: the reference laminar flow element comprises a plurality of parallel capillaries; a plurality of parallel capillary tubes of the standard flow meter laminar flow element; the reference laminar flow element and the standard flow meter laminar flow element adopt capillaries with the same specification, and the number of the capillaries is different.
An on-line calibration method for gas flow comprises the following steps:
s1, obtaining the flow rate value Q1 of the corrected flowmeter, and inputting the flow rate value Q1 into the computer;
s2, obtaining a calibrated bypass flow value Q, inputting the calibrated bypass flow value Q into a computer, and specifically comprising the following steps:
s21, firstly, connecting a standard flowmeter laminar flow element in series in a bypass of a calibrated flowmeter, connecting a differential pressure transmitter I at two ends of the standard flowmeter laminar flow element, and obtaining a differential pressure delta P at two ends of a capillary tube of the standard flowmeter through the differential pressure transmitter I; s2, adding a gas viscosity test system on a standard flowmeter laminar flow element, wherein the gas viscosity test system comprises a cylinder with a built-in piston, two photoelectric probes, a reference laminar flow element, a differential pressure transmitter II, a two-position five-way electromagnetic valve and two switch valves; one end of a cylinder with a built-in piston is connected with a two-position five-way electromagnetic valve, the other end of the cylinder is connected with a reference laminar flow element, the other end of the reference laminar flow element is connected with the two-position five-way electromagnetic valve, and the two-position five-way electromagnetic valve changes the flow direction of a gas path; the differential pressure transmitter II is used for measuring the differential pressure delta Pr at two ends of the reference laminar flow element; the two switch valves are respectively connected with the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the gas viscosity testing system, and specifically: the two ends of the cylinder with the built-in piston are respectively connected with a photoelectric probe, when gas passes through the cylinder, the gas flow pushes the piston to slide in the cylinder, and the volume flow of the gas flowing through the viscosity measuring pipeline can be measured by measuring the time difference between the two photoelectric probes of the piston and sending the volume flow to a computer;
the reference laminar flow element contains a plurality of parallel capillary tubes, and the differential pressure transmitter II measures the pressure drop at two ends of the reference laminar flow element and transmits the pressure drop to the computer;
the gas viscosity can be calculated by the Hagen-Poiseue formula under the condition that the gas flow and the pressure drop at two ends of the capillary tube flowing through the reference laminar flow element are known, namely
s23 is based on the formula
In the formula: n-standard flowmeter capillary tubeThe number of the roots; delta P is the differential pressure at two ends of a capillary tube of the quasi-flowmeter, mu is the dynamic viscosity of the gas; inputting the data obtained in the steps S21 and S22 into a formula, and obtaining a calibrated bypass flow value Q in a computer;
s3 uses the computer to compare the flow rate value Q1 obtained in step S1 with the flow rate value Q obtained in step S2 to complete the online calibration of the corrected flowmeter.
The invention has the technical effects that:
1) the flow online calibration device adopts the laminar flow meter as the standard flow meter, does not need long upstream and downstream straight pipe sections, has compact structure and greatly reduces the requirement on calibration site conditions.
2) The gas flow online calibration device based on the laminar flow meter is provided with the gas viscosity online measurement system so as to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the measurement of the standard flow meter.
3) The volume flow in the gas viscosity measuring pipeline is determined by adopting a cylinder-piston method, and the flow is directly traced to the volume (or volume) and the time. Because the laminar flow element in the reference laminar flow element and the laminar flow element in the standard flowmeter adopt the capillary tube with the same specification, the errors caused by factors such as nonlinear pressure loss, gas expansion, wall surface slippage and the like in measurement of gas flow and viscosity by a laminar flow method are eliminated, namely, the flow determined by a piston method is amplified and transmitted to the standard flowmeter more accurately, and the transmission process of the measurement value is accurate and reliable.
4) The flow in the gas viscosity measuring pipeline is very small, the size of the cylinder-piston device is small, the weight is light, and the bidirectional flow is realized by matching with a two-position five-way electromagnetic valve, so that the cylinder-piston unit can easily carry out repeated measurement for many times, and the flow and viscosity measurement accuracy is ensured.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an online calibration apparatus for gas flow based on a laminar flow meter;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the flow direction of the gas viscosity measurement line;
100-a calibrated flow meter; 200-a calibration bypass; 300-standard flow meter; 400-a gas viscosity measurement system; 500-computer
1-standard flow meter laminar flow element; 2-differential pressure transmitter I; 3-switching valve I; 4-two-position five-way electromagnetic valve; 5-a cylinder; 6-a piston;
7-photoelectric probe I; 8-photoelectric probe II; 9-reference laminar flow element 10-differential pressure transmitter II; 11-an air pump; 12-switching valve II;
13-measurement and control unit.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, wherein the exemplary embodiments and descriptions are provided only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and are not to be construed as unduly limiting the invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an online calibration device for gas flow based on a laminar flow meter. The calibration system includes a standard flow meter 300, a gas viscosity measurement system 400, and a computer 500. The standard flow meter 300 is installed in the calibration bypass 200 in series with the meter 100 being calibrated. The gas viscosity measuring system 400 is composed of a switch valve I3, a two-position five-way electromagnetic valve 4, a cylinder 5, a piston 6, a photoelectric probe I7, a photoelectric probe II8, a reference laminar flow element 9, a differential pressure transmitter II10, an air pump 11, a switch valve II12 and a measurement and control unit 13.
In actual operation, the standard flowmeter 300 is compared with the flow data measured by the calibrated flowmeter 100 to realize the online calibration of the flow.
The standard flowmeter in the calibration system adopts a laminar flow flowmeter, has the advantages of accurate measurement, large range ratio, stability and reliability (no movable part), low requirements on a straight pipe section and the like, and is suitable for being used as a flow flowmeter in a standard device. However, the laminar flow meter needs to know the viscosity of the measured fluid when performing flow measurement. Assuming that the number of capillaries in the laminar flow meter is N, the diameter d, the length L and the pressure drop at two ends is delta P (measured by a differential pressure transmitter I), the flow Q can be calculated according to a formula (2), namely
Mu in the formula (2) is the viscosity of the gas to be measured. When the type of gas calibrated on-site on line is unknown or the viscosity data is inaccurate, the laminar flow meter cannot provide accurate flow. Even for a known type of pure gas, the viscosity value is related to temperature and pressure, so that a large error source exists in field value taking. In order to solve the problem, a laminar flow method gas viscosity measurement system is designed in the device, and mainly comprises a cylinder-piston method flow measurement unit and a reference laminar flow element 9, a two-position five-way electromagnetic valve 4 and an auxiliary air pump 11. The cylinder-piston method flow measurement unit consists of a cylinder 5, a piston 6, a photoelectric probe I7 and a photoelectric probe II8, and on the basis of the known volume between the two photoelectric probes of the cylinder, the gas flow q flowing through a viscosity measurement pipeline is measured according to a volume-time method by measuring the time difference between the two photoelectricity passed by the piston. The reference laminar flow element 9 is internally provided with a plurality of capillary tubes, the flow in the capillary tubes is laminar flow, after the differential pressure transmitter II10 measures the differential pressure at two ends of the capillary tubes of the reference laminar flow element 9, the viscosity of the gas in the tubes is calculated according to the Hagen-Bosu leaf formula,
wherein, μ — the dynamic viscosity of the fluid;
n-number of capillaries in the reference laminar flow element;
d-capillary inner diameter;
l-capillary length;
delta Pr is the differential pressure at two ends of the capillary of the reference laminar flow element;
q-the flow through the reference laminar flow element.
The reference laminar flow element 9 and the standard flowmeter laminar flow element 1 adopt capillaries with the same specification, namely the diameter d and the length L are the same, the difference is only the number is different, N are in the reference laminar flow element, and N are in the standard flowmeter. The following can be derived from equations 1 and 2
Except two differential pressures, only two capillary tubes are provided on the right side of the formula (3), the gas viscosity, the diameter and the length of the capillary tubes are not present, errors caused by factors such as nonlinear pressure loss of flow at an inlet and an outlet of the capillary tubes, gas expansion, wall surface slippage, the size of the capillary tubes and the like are eliminated or mostly eliminated, and accurate flow measurement is ensured. It can also be seen from equation 3 that this method is equivalent to relatively accurately amplifying and transmitting the flow determined by the piston method to a standard flowmeter, and the transmission process of the quantity value is accurate and reliable.
To achieve bi-directional movement of the piston 6 in the cylinder 5, the gas flow direction in the gas viscosity measurement system 400 is reversed by using a two-position, five-way solenoid valve 4. Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the flow direction of the gas viscosity measurement line, and the arrows in the figure indicate the gas flow direction. It should be noted that the switching of the flow direction can also be realized by using a two-position four-way solenoid valve, but the two-position five-way solenoid valve has smaller and faster action than the two-position four-way solenoid valve.
In fig. 2a, a two-position five-way electromagnetic valve is communicated with an air inlet P, an air outlet A1 and an air outlet R2, the air flow in a pipeline is clockwise, and a piston moves from bottom to top;
in FIG. 2b, the two-position five-way solenoid valve is connected to the inlet P, outlet A2 and outlet R1, and the piston moves from top to bottom as the air flow in the line is counterclockwise. In this way, a reciprocating bidirectional movement of the piston 6 in the cylinder 5 is achieved, and the average value of the flow measurement results can be taken a plurality of times to improve the measurement accuracy.
The cylinder 5 in the gas viscosity measuring system needs to be vertically installed so as to reduce friction between the cylinder and the piston and reduce abrasion of the cylinder and the piston.
The measurement signals of the differential pressure transmitter II, the two photoelectric probes, the standard flowmeter differential pressure transmitter I and the calibrated flowmeter are collected by the measurement and control unit and transmitted to the computer for processing. The action of the two-position five-way electromagnetic valve is also controlled by the computer and the measurement and control unit.
It should also be noted that multiple standard flow meters can be used in parallel in the flow calibration apparatus to accommodate a wider flow range. When the parallel connection design is carried out, the straight pipe sections of the upstream and the downstream of the parallel connection laminar flow meter do not need to be very long, the diameter and the length are 1 time, and the whole device is compact.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. An on-line gas flow calibration system, comprising: the device comprises a cylinder (5), a piston (6), a photoelectric probe I (7), a photoelectric probe II (8), a two-position five-way electromagnetic valve (4), a reference laminar flow element (9), a differential pressure transmitter II (10) and a measurement and control unit (13);
a piston (6) is arranged in the cylinder (5), and a photoelectric probe I (7) and a photoelectric probe II (8) are respectively arranged near the inlet and the outlet of the cylinder (5); the cylinder (5) and the reference laminar flow element (9) are connected in series through a pipeline to form a gas viscosity measuring gas path, the two-position five-way electromagnetic valve (4) is installed at the inlet and the outlet of the gas viscosity measuring gas path, and the two-position five-way electromagnetic valve (4) is reversed to enable gas in the gas viscosity measuring gas path to flow alternately in two directions so as to push the piston (6) to reciprocate in the cylinder; two ends of the reference laminar flow element (9) are connected with a differential pressure transmitter II (10);
a reference laminar flow element (9), a photoelectric probe I (7), a photoelectric probe II (8) and a differential pressure transmitter II (10) are respectively connected to the measurement and control unit;
the device also comprises a gas pipeline, a calibrated flowmeter (100), a bypass valve I, a bypass valve II, a standard flowmeter laminar flow element (1), a differential pressure transmitter I (2), a switch valve I (3) and a switch valve II (12); the calibrated flowmeter (100) is arranged on a gas pipeline, and a bypass valve I and a bypass valve II are arranged on the gas pipeline; two ends of the standard flowmeter laminar flow element (1) are respectively connected into a bypass valve I and a bypass valve II; the differential pressure transmitter I (2) is connected to two ends of the standard flowmeter laminar flow element (1); the differential pressure transmitter I (2) is connected to the measurement and control unit; two branch pipes are connected to a downstream pipeline of the standard flow meter laminar flow element (1), the two branch pipes are respectively connected with an inlet and an outlet of a gas viscosity measurement gas circuit, and a switch valve I (3) and a switch valve II (12) are installed at the inlet and the outlet.
2. The gas flow online calibration system of claim 1, wherein: the air pump (11) is arranged on a pipeline exhausting air from the two-position five-way electromagnetic valve (4).
3. The gas flow online calibration system of claim 1, wherein: the cylinder (5) is vertically mounted.
4. The gas flow online calibration system of claim 1, wherein: the reference laminar flow element (9) comprises a plurality of parallel capillaries; the standard flowmeter laminar flow element (1) comprises a plurality of parallel capillary tubes; the reference laminar flow element (9) and the standard flowmeter laminar flow element (1) adopt capillaries with the same specification, and the number of the capillaries is different.
5. An on-line calibration method for gas flow is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, obtaining the flow rate value Q1 of the corrected flowmeter, and inputting the flow rate value Q1 into the computer;
s2, obtaining a calibrated bypass flow value Q, inputting the calibrated bypass flow value Q into a computer, and specifically comprising the following steps:
s21, firstly, connecting a standard flowmeter laminar flow element in series in a bypass of a calibrated flowmeter, connecting a differential pressure transmitter I at two ends of the standard flowmeter laminar flow element, and obtaining a differential pressure delta P at two ends of a capillary tube of the standard flowmeter through the differential pressure transmitter I;
s2 adding a gas viscosity test system on a standard flowmeter laminar flow element, wherein the gas viscosity test system comprises a cylinder with a built-in piston, two photoelectric probes, a reference laminar flow element, a differential pressure transmitter II, a two-position five-way electromagnetic valve and two switch valves; one end of a cylinder with a built-in piston is connected with a two-position five-way electromagnetic valve, the other end of the cylinder is connected with a reference laminar flow element, the other end of the reference laminar flow element is connected with the two-position five-way electromagnetic valve, and the two-position five-way electromagnetic valve changes the flow direction of a gas path; the differential pressure transmitter II is used for measuring the differential pressure delta Pr at two ends of the reference laminar flow element; the two switch valves are respectively connected with the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the gas viscosity testing system, and specifically: the two ends of the cylinder with the built-in piston are respectively connected with a photoelectric probe, when gas passes through the cylinder, the gas flow pushes the piston to slide in the cylinder, and the volume flow of the gas flowing through the viscosity measuring pipeline can be measured by measuring the time difference between the two photoelectric probes of the piston and sending the volume flow to a computer;
the differential pressure transmitter II measures the pressure drop at two ends of the reference laminar flow element and sends the pressure drop to the computer;
the gas viscosity can be calculated by the Hagen-Poiseue formula under the condition that the gas flow and the pressure drop at two ends of the capillary tube flowing through the reference laminar flow element are known, namely
Wherein, μ -the kinetic viscosity of the gas; n-number of capillaries in the reference laminar flow element; d-capillary inner diameter; l-capillary length; delta Pr is the differential pressure at two ends of the capillary of the reference laminar flow element; q-the flow through the reference laminar flow element; the differential pressure transmitter II and the two photoelectric probe measurement signals are collected by the measurement and control unit and transmitted to the computer for processing, and the gas viscosity mu is obtained through calculation;
s23 is based on the formula
In the formula: n-number of standard flowmeter capillaries; delta P is the differential pressure at two ends of a capillary tube of the quasi-flowmeter, mu is the dynamic viscosity of the gas; inputting the data obtained in the steps S21 and S22 into a formula, and obtaining a calibrated bypass flow value Q in a computer;
s3 uses the computer to compare the flow rate value Q1 obtained in step S1 with the flow rate value Q obtained in step S2 to complete the online calibration of the corrected flowmeter.
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