CN111322603A - Boiler cooling and pressure reducing starting system and method for subcritical header pipe water supply system - Google Patents

Boiler cooling and pressure reducing starting system and method for subcritical header pipe water supply system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111322603A
CN111322603A CN202010297239.5A CN202010297239A CN111322603A CN 111322603 A CN111322603 A CN 111322603A CN 202010297239 A CN202010297239 A CN 202010297239A CN 111322603 A CN111322603 A CN 111322603A
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China
Prior art keywords
boiler
temperature
water
regulating valve
pressure
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CN202010297239.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
常威武
郝德锋
崔战兵
王田
马乐
王荣昌
郭万贵
陶丁
王小兵
胡金伟
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Xian Thermal Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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Thermal Power Research Institute
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Priority to CN202010297239.5A priority Critical patent/CN111322603A/en
Publication of CN111322603A publication Critical patent/CN111322603A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22BMETHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B33/00Steam-generation plants, e.g. comprising steam boilers of different types in mutual association
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22BMETHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B35/00Control systems for steam boilers
    • F22B35/008Control systems for two or more steam generators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22DPREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
    • F22D5/00Controlling water feed or water level; Automatic water feeding or water-level regulators
    • F22D5/26Automatic feed-control systems
    • F22D5/36Automatic feed-control systems for feeding a number of steam boilers designed for different ranges of temperature and pressure

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a boiler cooling and pressure reducing starting system and a method for a subcritical header control water supply system, wherein the system comprises a controllable pressure reducing regulating valve, a water spraying temperature reducing device, a water supply pressure transmitter and a water supply temperature sensor which are sequentially arranged between a boiler steam drum water level regulating valve and a first boiler and a second boiler, the water spraying temperature reducing regulating valve is arranged on a water source pipeline of the water spraying temperature reducing device, a water supply temperature PID controller connected with the corresponding boiler water spraying temperature reducing regulating valve and the water supply temperature sensor, and a water supply pressure PID controller connected with the corresponding boiler controllable pressure reducing regulating valve and the water supply pressure transmitter; the feed water pressure PID controller controls the controllable pressure reduction regulating valve to be opened slowly, so that the feed water pressure of the boiler is always within the pressure range allowed by the metal material of the boiler; the PID controller of the feed water temperature controls the opening of the temperature-reducing regulating valve of the water spray to control the feed water temperature to be within the temperature range allowed by the metal pipe wall of the boiler; the method has important significance for reducing the starting cost of the unit.

Description

Boiler cooling and pressure reducing starting system and method for subcritical header pipe water supply system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automatic control of thermal power stations, in particular to a system and a method for cooling and pressure reducing starting of a boiler of a subcritical main pipe water supply system.
Background
In the existing subcritical main pipe water supply system, two boilers share one water supply system, which becomes a preferred scheme for reducing early investment of thermal power and electric energy enterprises. Firstly, in a conventional thermal power generating set, a set of water supply system comprises a water supply pump set, a high-pressure heater system, a high-pressure steam extraction system and a high-pressure drainage system, and two boilers share one set of water supply system, so that the early investment of an enterprise can be greatly reduced; and secondly, one set of water supply system is omitted, and the maintenance cost of enterprises on the water supply system equipment is also obviously reduced. However, the starting mode of the header water supply boiler or the two boilers are started simultaneously; or the first boiler is started to drive the steam turbine to rotate, the grid-connected power generation is carried out, the initial load is carried out, then when the quality of steam of the second boiler is close to that of the first boiler through the steam turbine bypass system, the steam of the two boilers is converged and flows into the same steam main pipe through the steam-connected equipment, and finally the synchronous steam turbines of the two boilers run at the full load of the unit.
The main pipe water supply system brings some limitations to the flexible operation of the unit. For example, when the second boiler is in service, the first boiler operates at full load with the turbine. After the second boiler finishes the maintenance task, the second boiler needs to be put into operation, the first boiler and the steam turbine need to be put into operation through load reduction, auxiliary engine output reduction, coal feeder stop, oil feeding combustion supporting, bypass input, split generator and tripping steam turbine in sequence, finally the first boiler and the steam turbine operate to extinguish and stop the boiler, and the two boilers synchronously start the belt unit again to full output; or the first boiler is reduced to the initial load state of the steam turbine from the full output state through a series of operations of load reduction, feeding system reduction, oil feeding and stable combustion and the like, and the temperature of the feed water is reduced to the temperature suitable for overhauling the metal of the boiler, wherein the process can be carried out for several hours or even a whole day. The second boiler is flushed from the boiler after water feeding, cold flushing, ignition heating and hot flushing until the steam quality meets the steam combining condition, and the process can take several hours or even a whole day. And synchronizing the steam turbine with the first boiler until the full output is reached. In the process of merging the boiler into the second boiler, assuming that one layer of oil burner is put into operation for stable combustion and 4 oil guns are arranged on the layer, wherein each oil gun is used for producing 500 kilograms of fuel oil per hour, and the loss of an enterprise on a power grid is considered when the first boiler is not fully loaded. The economic loss to the enterprise in the process of starting and integrating the second boiler is obvious.
Such a starting method has several problems:
firstly, when two boilers are started simultaneously, the number of devices to be monitored by operators is increased by times, so that the faults in the starting process are inevitable, and unnecessary losses are brought to enterprises and staff. And because of the inconsistency of the materials of the two boiler devices, the requirements on the water supply system in the starting process are different, and the special literacy of operators and the reliability of the materials of the devices are also greatly tested.
Secondly, the first boiler is wasted by waiting for the second boiler to start with initial load, and the unit is damaged to the equipment when running below stable combustion load for a long time, so that the service life of the equipment is reduced.
Third, the greater the difference between the boiler metal tube wall and the feed water temperature, the greater the likelihood of brittle failure of the boiler metal tube wall. The second boiler, which is completely overhauled, needs to be put into use, and the first boiler must be waited for to be in the same state as the first boiler, in the process, the economic loss to the enterprise is obvious, and the damage to the unit equipment is not negligible.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a system and a method for cooling and pressure reducing starting of a boiler of a subcritical main pipe water supply system, which have important meanings for improving the operation reliability of a thermal power plant with two boilers and one or more boilers and a multi-boiler main pipe water supply system, prolonging the service life of key equipment of the boiler, reducing the probability of metal pipe wall damage and even pipe explosion accidents, reducing the maintenance cost and reducing the starting cost of a unit.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a subcritical header control water supply system boiler cooling pressure reduction starting system comprises a boiler controllable pressure reduction regulating valve 1, a boiler spraying temperature reduction device 2, a boiler feed water pressure transmitter 5 and a boiler feed water temperature sensor 4 which are sequentially arranged on a pipeline between a boiler drum water level regulating valve 8 and a boiler 19, a boiler spraying temperature reduction regulating valve 3 arranged on a water source pipeline of the boiler spraying temperature reduction device 2, a boiler feed water temperature PID controller connected with the boiler spraying temperature reduction regulating valve 3 and the boiler feed water temperature sensor 4, and a boiler feed water pressure PID controller connected with the boiler controllable pressure reduction regulating valve 1 and the boiler feed water pressure transmitter 5;
the boiler water supply system further comprises a second boiler controllable pressure reducing regulating valve 11, a second boiler water spray temperature reducing device 12, a second boiler water supply pressure transmitter 15 and a second boiler water supply temperature sensor 14 which are sequentially arranged on a pipeline between the second boiler drum water level regulating valve 18 and the second boiler 20, a second boiler water spray temperature reducing regulating valve 13 arranged on a water source pipeline of the second boiler water spray temperature reducing device 12, a second boiler water supply temperature PID controller 16 connected with the second boiler water spray temperature reducing regulating valve 13 and the second boiler water supply temperature sensor 14, and a second boiler water supply pressure PID controller 17 connected with the second boiler controllable pressure reducing regulating valve 11 and the second boiler water supply pressure transmitter 15.
And water source interfaces of the first boiler water spray temperature reducing device 2 and the second boiler water spray temperature reducing device 12 are communicated with a water supply pipeline between the water supply pump 9 and the high-pressure heater 10.
The first boiler drum water level regulating valve 8 and the second boiler drum water level regulating valve 18 are respectively arranged between the high-pressure heater 10 and the first boiler 18 and the second boiler 19.
If a second boiler 20 is used as a starting boiler, in the starting process from ignition of the second boiler 20 to combination with main steam of a first boiler 19, the temperature of a metal material on the pipe wall of the second boiler 20 changes, the temperature and the pressure of feed water entering the second boiler 20 also change, and in order to reduce the possibility of brittle failure of the metal pipe wall of the second boiler 20 caused by mismatching of the metal temperature of the second boiler 20 and the feed water temperature and the pressure, a second boiler feed water pressure PID controller 17 controls a second boiler controllable pressure reduction regulating valve 11 to be slowly opened at a preset speed, so that the feed water pressure measured by a second boiler feed water pressure transmitter 15 is always within a feed water pressure range allowed by the metal material of the second boiler 20 in a load-increasing stage in the rising process; the second boiler feed water temperature PID controller 16 reduces the opening of the second boiler water spray temperature reduction regulating valve 13 to reduce the low temperature feed water amount sprayed into the second boiler water spray temperature reduction device 12, thereby controlling the feed water temperature measured by the second boiler feed water temperature sensor 14 to be within the temperature range allowed by the metal pipe wall of the second boiler 20 in the temperature rising process. With the continuous increase of the load of the second boiler 20, the temperature of the metal pipe wall of the second boiler 20 is also continuously increased, and the required feed water pressure and temperature are also continuously increased in the control according to the allowable increasing speed of the metal pipe wall of the second boiler 20 until the main steam of the second boiler 20 is successfully merged into the first boiler 19; at this moment, the controllable boiler pressure-reducing regulating valve 11 of the second boiler 20 is already in a fully open state, and the water-spraying temperature-reducing regulating valve 13 of the second boiler 20 is already in a fully closed state, so that the invention successfully helps the second boiler 20 to complete the starting process; if boiler one 19 is used as the start-up boiler, the start-up process of boiler one 19 from the ignition to the combination with the main steam of boiler two 20 is the same as the start-up process of boiler two 20 from the ignition to the combination with the main steam of boiler one 19.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention enriches the starting mode of one machine set of two furnaces (including multiple furnaces) of the main pipe water supply system. The boiler one 19 that is running first does not have to be under steady burning load, waiting for the other boiler two 20 to complete the start-up process, and both boilers can wait for the other boiler to be incorporated in any state. The economic cost of a power generation enterprise in the starting process of the unit is reduced; but also protects the metal pipe wall of the boiler to the maximum extent; the labor intensity of operators is also reduced; and unnecessary misoperation caused by monitoring two boilers in unstable combustion states by operators at the same time is even reduced.
(2) On the basis of the existing thermal power station system hardware structure, complicated hardware equipment transformation is not needed, and only one set of pressure reducing and adjusting valve, one set of water spraying and temperature reducing device, one pressure transmitter and one temperature sensor are needed. The system can realize real-time control of the pressure and the temperature of the boiler feed water, and optimizes the starting mode of the header control feed water multi-boiler unit.
(3) The prior art can not accurately control the feed water temperature of the boiler. When the feed water temperature is over-temperature alarming, the invention realizes the purpose of accurately controlling the feed water temperature to change along with the metal temperature change of the boiler by means of the low-temperature feed water fusion in front of the high-pressure heater 10 into the high-temperature feed water in a short time, and optimizes the starting mode of a plurality of boilers of the main pipe feed water system. Then, the process feed water in the front 10 of the high-pressure heater is selected as the refrigerant of the water spray attemperator, and the quality of the process water is considered to be the same, so that the water quality cannot be changed in the process of controlling the temperature of the feed water. The method is simple and easy to realize.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
1-a controllable pressure reducing regulating valve of a boiler; 2-boiler water spraying temperature reducing device; 3-boiler water spraying temperature reduction regulating valve; 4-boiler feed water temperature sensor; 5-boiler feed water pressure transmitter; 6-PID controller for boiler feed water temperature; 7-a boiler feed water pressure PID controller; 8-a boiler drum water level regulating valve; 9-a feed pump; 10-high pressure heater; 11-controllable pressure reducing regulating valve of second boiler; 12-a second boiler water spraying temperature reducing device; 13-a second boiler water spraying temperature reduction regulating valve; 14-boiler feed water temperature sensor II; 15-a second boiler feed water pressure transmitter; 16-boiler feed water temperature PID controller; 17-a second boiler feed water pressure PID controller; 18-second boiler drum water level regulating valve; 19-boiler number one; 20-boiler number two.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the boiler cooling and pressure reducing starting system of the subcritical header system water supply system comprises a first boiler controllable pressure reducing regulating valve 1, a first boiler water spraying temperature reducing device 2, a first boiler water supply pressure transmitter 5 and a first boiler water supply temperature sensor 4 which are sequentially arranged on a pipeline between a first boiler drum water level regulating valve 8 and a first boiler 19, a first boiler water spraying temperature reducing regulating valve 3 arranged on a water source pipeline of the first boiler water spraying temperature reducing device 2, a first boiler water supply temperature PID controller connected with the first boiler water spraying temperature reducing regulating valve 3 and the first boiler water supply temperature sensor 4, and a first boiler water supply pressure PID controller connected with the first boiler controllable pressure reducing regulating valve 1 and the first boiler water supply pressure transmitter 5;
the boiler water supply system further comprises a second boiler controllable pressure reducing regulating valve 11, a second boiler water spray temperature reducing device 12, a second boiler water supply pressure transmitter 15 and a second boiler water supply temperature sensor 14 which are sequentially arranged on a pipeline between the second boiler drum water level regulating valve 18 and the second boiler 20, a second boiler water spray temperature reducing regulating valve 13 arranged on a water source pipeline of the second boiler water spray temperature reducing device 12, a second boiler water supply temperature PID controller 16 connected with the second boiler water spray temperature reducing regulating valve 13 and the second boiler water supply temperature sensor 14, and a second boiler water supply pressure PID controller 17 connected with the second boiler controllable pressure reducing regulating valve 11 and the second boiler water supply pressure transmitter 15.
The boiler drum water level regulating valve is positioned between the high-pressure heater 10 and the boiler, is a main means for regulating water feeding of the boiler and is the only way for feeding water to the boiler. Before the boiler is started, the boiler is supplied with process water with proper pressure and temperature through a boiler drum water level regulating valve. The greater the temperature difference between the process water in the boiler metal tube wall and the tube wall metal, the greater the possibility of brittle failure of the boiler metal tube wall, so that the pressure and temperature of the boiler process feed water cannot exceed the allowable range of the boiler metal tube wall temperature. In the unit of the two-furnace (including multi-furnace) main pipe water supply system, the second started boiler metal pipe has the possibility of brittle failure in the starting process. Under the prior art, when the second boiler needs to be started, in order to reduce the possibility of brittle failure of the metal pipe of the boiler, the first boiler needs to be stopped and started together; or the load of the first boiler is reduced, the proper feed water temperature and feed water pressure are waited, and then the second boiler is put into operation. In the process, the labor intensity of operators is multiplied, the possibility of misoperation at the stage is also greatly increased, and moreover, unnecessary economic loss is brought to enterprises.
Referring to fig. 1, the second boiler 20 is taken as an example of a second start-up boiler, and the operation of the present invention during the start-up process of the second boiler 20 is described in detail. During the starting process of the boiler II 20 from the ignition to the combination with the main steam of the boiler I19, the temperature of the metal material on the pipe wall of the boiler II 20 changes, the temperature and the pressure of the feed water entering the boiler II 20 also change, in order to reduce the possibility of brittle failure of the metal tube walls of the second boiler 20 due to mismatch of the metal temperature of the second boiler 20 and the feedwater temperature and pressure, in the process from ignition start of the second boiler 20 to combination with main steam of the first boiler 19, the second boiler feed water pressure PID controller 17 controls the second boiler controllable pressure reduction regulating valve 11 in front of the second boiler 20 to be slowly opened to 100% at the speed of 5%/h, so that the feed water pressure measured by the second boiler 20 feed water pressure transmitter 15 is always within the feed water pressure range allowed by the metal material of the second boiler 20 in the load-increasing stage in the process of slowly approaching the pressure of a feed water main pipe from 0 MPa; the second boiler feed water temperature PID controller 16 gradually closes the water spray temperature reduction adjusting valve 13 at the rate of 2%/h to gradually reduce the low temperature feed water amount sprayed into the second boiler water spray temperature reduction device 12 to 0t/h, so that the feed water temperature measured by the second boiler feed water temperature sensor 14 is controlled to be within the temperature range allowed by the metal pipe wall of the second boiler 20 in the temperature rising process. With the continuous increase of the load of the second boiler 20, the temperature of the metal pipe wall of the second boiler 20 is also continuously increased, and the required feed water pressure and temperature are also continuously increased within the allowable range of the metal pipe wall of the second boiler 20 at 2 degrees/min under the control of the system of the invention until the main steam of the second boiler 20 is successfully merged into the first boiler 19.

Claims (4)

1. The utility model provides a subcritical header system water supply system boiler cooling decompression start-up system which characterized in that: the boiler water supply temperature control system comprises a boiler controllable pressure reduction regulating valve (1), a boiler water spray temperature reduction device (2), a boiler water supply pressure transmitter (5) and a boiler water supply temperature sensor (4) which are sequentially arranged on a pipeline between a boiler drum water level regulating valve (8) and a boiler (19), a boiler water spray temperature reduction regulating valve (3) arranged on a water source pipeline of the boiler water spray temperature reduction device (2), a boiler water supply temperature PID controller (6) connected with the boiler water spray temperature reduction regulating valve (3) and the boiler water supply temperature sensor (4), and a boiler water supply pressure PID controller (7) connected with the boiler controllable pressure reduction regulating valve (1) and the boiler water supply pressure transmitter (5);
the boiler water supply temperature control system is characterized by further comprising a second boiler controllable pressure reduction regulating valve (11), a second boiler water spray temperature reduction device (12), a second boiler water supply pressure transmitter (15) and a second boiler water supply temperature sensor (14) which are sequentially arranged on a pipeline between the second boiler drum water level regulating valve (18) and the second boiler (20), a second boiler water spray temperature reduction regulating valve (13) which is arranged on a water source pipeline of the second boiler water spray temperature reduction device (12), a second boiler water supply temperature PID controller (16) which is connected with the second boiler water spray temperature reduction regulating valve (13) and the second boiler water supply temperature sensor (14), and a second boiler water supply pressure PID controller (17) which is connected with the second boiler controllable pressure reduction regulating valve (11) and the second boiler water supply pressure transmitter (15).
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the system comprises: and water source interfaces of the first boiler water spraying temperature reducing device (2) and the second boiler water spraying temperature reducing device (12) are communicated with a water supply pipeline between the water supply pump (9) and the high-pressure heater (10).
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the system comprises: the first boiler drum water level regulating valve (8) and the second boiler drum water level regulating valve (18) are respectively arranged between the high-pressure heater (10) and the first boiler (19) and the second boiler (20).
4. The method of operating a sub-critical header-controlled feedwater system boiler cool-down, pressure-reduction start-up system of any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: if the second boiler (20) is used as a starting boiler, in the starting process from ignition of the second boiler (20) to combination with main steam of the first boiler (19), the temperature of a metal material on the pipe wall of the second boiler (20) changes, the temperature and the pressure of feed water entering the second boiler (20) also change, and in order to reduce the possibility of brittle failure of the metal pipe wall of the second boiler (20) caused by mismatching of the metal temperature of the second boiler (20) and the temperature and the pressure of the feed water, the feed water pressure PID controller (17) of the second boiler controls the controllable pressure reduction regulating valve (11) of the second boiler to be slowly opened at a preset speed, so that the feed water pressure measured by the feed water pressure transmitter (15) of the second boiler is always within the feed water pressure range allowed by the metal material of the second boiler (20) in a load increasing stage in the rising process; the second boiler feed water temperature PID controller (16) reduces the opening of the second boiler water spray temperature reduction regulating valve (13) to reduce the low-temperature feed water amount sprayed into the second boiler water spray temperature reduction device (12), thereby controlling the feed water temperature measured by the second boiler feed water temperature sensor (14) to be within the temperature range allowed by the metal pipe wall of the second boiler (20) in the temperature rising process. With the continuous increase of the load of the second boiler (20), the temperature of the metal pipe wall of the second boiler (20) is also continuously increased, and the required feed water pressure and temperature are also continuously increased in control according to the allowable increasing speed of the metal pipe wall of the second boiler (20) until the main steam of the second boiler (20) is successfully merged into the first boiler (19); at the moment, the controllable pressure-reducing regulating valve (11) of the second boiler (20) is already in a fully-opened state, the water-spraying temperature-reducing regulating valve (13) of the second boiler (20) is already in a fully-closed state, and the second boiler (20) is represented to finish the starting process; if the boiler I (19) is used as a starting boiler, the starting process of the boiler I (19) from the ignition to the combination with the main steam of the boiler II (20) is the same as the starting process of the boiler II (20) from the ignition to the combination with the main steam of the boiler I (19).
CN202010297239.5A 2020-04-15 2020-04-15 Boiler cooling and pressure reducing starting system and method for subcritical header pipe water supply system Pending CN111322603A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010297239.5A CN111322603A (en) 2020-04-15 2020-04-15 Boiler cooling and pressure reducing starting system and method for subcritical header pipe water supply system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010297239.5A CN111322603A (en) 2020-04-15 2020-04-15 Boiler cooling and pressure reducing starting system and method for subcritical header pipe water supply system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN111322603A true CN111322603A (en) 2020-06-23

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202010297239.5A Pending CN111322603A (en) 2020-04-15 2020-04-15 Boiler cooling and pressure reducing starting system and method for subcritical header pipe water supply system

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