CN111322364B - Automatic gear shifting system of one-way overrunning clutch - Google Patents
Automatic gear shifting system of one-way overrunning clutch Download PDFInfo
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- CN111322364B CN111322364B CN202010138542.0A CN202010138542A CN111322364B CN 111322364 B CN111322364 B CN 111322364B CN 202010138542 A CN202010138542 A CN 202010138542A CN 111322364 B CN111322364 B CN 111322364B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
- F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
- F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
- F16H3/10—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts with one or more one-way clutches as an essential feature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D45/00—Freewheels or freewheel clutches combined with automatic clutches
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
- F16H57/023—Mounting or installation of gears or shafts in the gearboxes, e.g. methods or means for assembly
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
- F16H57/037—Gearboxes for accommodating differential gearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
- F16H2057/02034—Gearboxes combined or connected with electric machines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
- F16H2057/02039—Gearboxes for particular applications
- F16H2057/02043—Gearboxes for particular applications for vehicle transmissions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
- F16H2057/02086—Measures for reducing size of gearbox, e.g. for creating a more compact transmission casing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
- F16H2200/0021—Transmissions for multiple ratios specially adapted for electric vehicles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
- F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
- F16H2200/0034—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising two forward speeds
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- One-Way And Automatic Clutches, And Combinations Of Different Clutches (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of automobiles, and particularly relates to an automatic gear shifting system of a one-way overrunning clutch. The system comprises a forward first gear driving assembly, a forward second gear driving assembly and a reverse gear assembly; the transmission gear shifting mechanism is free of a traditional transmission gear synchronizer structure, an independent synchronizer actuating mechanism is not needed, the whole transmission gear shifting mechanism is only provided with one clutch actuating mechanism to realize gear shifting action, the production cost is low, and the control is simple; in addition, the forward first gear, the second gear and the reverse gear are realized by improving the structure of the one-way overrunning clutch, the two-way overrunning clutch and the reverse gear executing mechanism are not needed, the structure is simpler and more compact, and the problem that the reverse gear cannot be realized by the traditional gearbox structure for transmitting power through the one-way overrunning clutch is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of automobiles, and particularly relates to an automatic gear shifting system of a one-way overrunning clutch.
Background
With the gradual maturity of the pure electric vehicle market, the market puts higher requirements on the comfort, the dynamic property and the economy of the pure electric vehicle. In order to meet diversified use requirements, the multi-gear driving system of the electric vehicle is an important development trend of pure electric vehicles nowadays.
Automatic mechanical transmissions have been developed based on manual transmissions. The advantages of high transmission efficiency, low cost and convenient operation of the traditional manual transmission are kept, and the manual transmission is widely applied. Because the ideal one-way overrunning clutch can only transmit force in one direction and can only realize forward gear or reverse gear when used on an automatic gearbox of an electric vehicle, the one-way overrunning clutch needs to be improved to realize that the gearbox can not only realize forward gear but also realize reverse gear.
Disclosure of Invention
The automatic gear shifting system of the one-way overrunning clutch provided by the invention has the advantages of stable and reliable performance, simple and compact structure and good control performance, can realize forward gear and reverse gear of the electric vehicle, and solves the defects of the existing one-way overrunning clutch.
The technical scheme of the invention is described as follows by combining the attached drawings:
an automatic gear shifting system of a one-way overrunning clutch comprises a forward first gear driving assembly, a forward second gear driving assembly and a reverse gear assembly; the forward first-gear driving assembly comprises a driving motor 15, a first shaft 16, a first-gear driving gear 17, a one-way overrunning clutch outer ring 13, a one-way overrunning clutch inner ring 10, a second shaft 1, a main speed reducer gear pair 25, a differential 23 and a half shaft 24; the driving motor 15 is connected with a shaft 16 through a flat key 14; the shaft 16 is connected with a first gear driving gear 17; the first gear driving gear 17 is meshed with the outer ring 13 of the one-way overrunning clutch; the inner ring 10 of the one-way overrunning clutch is connected with the two shafts 1; the two shafts 1 are connected with a main speed reducer gear pair 25; the main reducer gear pair 25 is connected with a transmission shaft of the differential 23; the output shaft of the differential 23 is connected with a half shaft 24; the forward second-gear driving assembly comprises a first shaft 16, a second-gear driving gear 18, a free sleeve shaft 19, a friction plate type clutch driven disc 20, a friction plate type clutch driving disc 21, a second-gear driven gear 22 and a second shaft 1; the shaft 16 is connected with a driving disc 21 of the friction plate type clutch; a hollow sleeve shaft 19 is arranged between the driven disc 20 of the friction plate type clutch and the two-gear driving gear 18; the two-gear driving gear 18, the hollow sleeve shaft 19 and the friction plate type clutch driven disc 20 are connected into a whole; in the first gear state, the driven disc 20 of the friction plate type clutch is separated from the driving disc 21 of the friction plate type clutch; in the second gear state, the driven disc 20 of the friction plate type clutch is engaged with the driving disc 21 of the friction plate type clutch; the second-gear driving gear 18 is meshed with the second-gear driven gear 22; the second-gear driven gear 22 is connected with the second shaft 1; the reverse gear component comprises a pressure plate 2, a pressure plate clamp spring 3, a steel ball 4, a reverse gear friction plate type clutch driving part 5, a friction plate 6, a reverse gear friction plate type clutch driven part 7, a clamp spring 8, a pre-tightening spring 9, a one-way overrunning clutch inner ring 10, a roller 11, an inner ring clamp spring 12 and a one-way overrunning clutch outer ring 13; the inner ring 10 of the one-way overrunning clutch is fixed on the biaxial 1 and limited by an inner ring clamp spring 12; the pressure plate 2 is connected with the biaxial 1 through a flat key 14; one end of the pressure plate 2 is positioned through a shaft shoulder, and the other end of the pressure plate is axially positioned through a pressure plate clamp spring 3; the surface of the outer ring 13 of the one-way overrunning clutch is provided with a boss and is meshed with a first gear driving gear 17; the driving part 5 of the reverse friction plate type clutch is embedded in a boss on the surface of the outer ring 13 of the one-way overrunning clutch and can axially move; the driving part 5 of the reverse friction plate type clutch is arranged between the steel ball 4 and the friction plate 6; the roller 11 is arranged in a small wedge-shaped space formed by the inner surface of the outer ring 13 of the one-way overrunning clutch and the outer surface of the inner ring 10 of the one-way overrunning clutch and is pre-tightened by a pre-tightening spring 9; the clamp spring 8 is clamped on the clamping groove of the second shaft 1; the driven part 7 of the reverse friction plate type clutch is sleeved on the secondary shaft 1 and limited by a clamp spring 8 and a secondary shaft shoulder; the steel balls 4 are arranged in four annular grooves of the driving part 5 of the reverse friction plate type clutch, and the pressure plate 2 is arranged on the right side of the driving part 5 of the reverse friction plate type clutch to prevent the reverse friction plate type clutch from flying out.
Four identical annular grooves are uniformly distributed on the driving part 5 of the reverse friction plate type clutch, the depth of each groove is gradually increased along the clockwise direction, the groove is the P area at the shallowest position of the annular groove at the beginning along the clockwise direction, when a steel ball is in the P area, the pressure plate 2 is extruded with the driving part 5 of the reverse friction plate type clutch, so that the driving part 5 of the reverse friction plate type clutch moves to one side close to the driven part 7 of the reverse friction plate type clutch, and torque is transmitted through the sliding and friction joint of the friction plates 6 and the driven part 7 of the reverse friction plate type clutch; starting from the P area along the clockwise direction, the depth of the groove is slowly deepened until the M area is the inflection point position of the annular groove, then the deepest part of the groove along the radial direction is the Q area, a spring is arranged in the Q area, the M area and the Q area belong to the deepest area of the groove, the depths are the same and belong to the same plane, when the steel ball 4 is positioned in the M area and the Q area, the pressure plate 2 is not in contact extrusion with the driving part 5 of the reverse friction plate type clutch, and therefore no action exists between the driving part 5 of the reverse friction plate type clutch and the driven part 7 of the reverse friction plate type clutch, and no force is transmitted. When the automobile runs forwards, the driving part 5 of the reverse friction plate type clutch rotates along the anticlockwise direction, and as long as the automobile reaches a certain speed from a static state, the steel ball 4 is thrown to a Q area under the action of centrifugal force to extrude a spring; when the automobile is in reverse gear from a static state, the driving part 5 of the reverse friction plate type clutch rotates clockwise, and the steel ball 4 is guaranteed to be thrown to a P area due to the spring force and the centrifugal force.
The friction plate 6 is a wet friction plate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the transmission gear shifting mechanism is free of a traditional transmission gear synchronizer structure, an independent synchronizer actuating mechanism is not needed, the whole transmission gear shifting mechanism is only provided with one clutch actuating mechanism to realize gear shifting action, the production cost is low, and the control is simple;
2) the invention realizes forward first gear, second gear and reverse gear by improving the structure of the one-way overrunning clutch, does not need the two-way overrunning clutch, has simpler and more compact structure and solves the problem that the reverse gear can not be realized by the traditional gearbox structure which transmits power through the one-way overrunning clutch;
3) according to the invention, the one-way overrunning clutch is improved and combined with the reverse friction plate type clutch, and the steel ball can transmit large torque in a short time by using speed difference and centrifugal force, so that the reverse friction plate type clutch has small sliding friction power and small impact;
4) the reverse friction plate type clutch adopts the wet friction plate, so that the heat dissipation is good, the abrasion is small, the service life is long, and the transmission torque is large;
5) the invention can realize reverse gear operation directly through the motor reverse rotation without adding an additional actuating mechanism.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a two speed transmission according to the present invention;
FIG. 2a is a schematic structural diagram of a driving portion of the reverse friction plate clutch according to the present invention;
FIG. 2b is a schematic view taken at A-A in FIG. 2 a;
FIG. 3 is an isometric view of the overall structure of the roller type one-way overrunning clutch and the reverse friction plate clutch of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the overall structure of the roller type one-way overrunning clutch and the reverse friction plate clutch according to the present invention;
FIG. 5a is a schematic view of the mounting structure of the overrunning clutch and the reverse friction plate clutch according to the present invention;
FIG. 5B is a schematic view taken at B-B in FIG. 5 a;
FIG. 6a is a schematic view of a pressure plate structure of the reverse friction plate clutch according to the present invention;
FIG. 6b is a schematic view at C-C of FIG. 6 a;
FIG. 7a is an isometric view of a one-way overrunning clutch according to the present invention;
FIG. 7b is a front view of the one-way overrunning clutch of the present invention;
FIG. 7c is a side view of the one-way overrunning clutch of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. two axes; 2. a platen; 3. a platen clamp spring; 4. a steel ball; 5. a reverse friction plate clutch active part; 6. a friction plate; 7. a reverse friction plate clutch driven part; 8. a clamp spring; 9. pre-tightening the spring; 10. the inner ring of the one-way overrunning clutch; 11. a roller; 12. an inner ring clamp spring; 13. an outer ring of the one-way overrunning clutch; 14. a flat bond; 15. a drive motor; 16. a shaft; 17. a first gear driving gear; 18. a second gear driving gear; 19. a hollow sleeve shaft; 20. a friction plate clutch driven disc; 21. a friction plate clutch driving disc; 22. a second driven gear; 23. a differential mechanism; 24. a half shaft; 25. gear pair of main reducer.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, an automatic gear shifting system of a one-way overrunning clutch includes a forward first gear driving assembly, a forward second gear driving assembly, and a reverse gear assembly.
The forward first-gear driving assembly comprises a driving motor 15, a first shaft 16, a first-gear driving gear 17, a one-way overrunning clutch outer ring 13, a one-way overrunning clutch inner ring 10, a second shaft 1, a main speed reducer gear pair 25, a differential 23 and a half shaft 24.
The driving motor 15 is connected with a shaft 16; the shaft 16 is connected with a first gear driving gear 17; the first gear driving gear 17 is meshed with the outer ring 13 of the one-way overrunning clutch; the inner ring 10 of the one-way overrunning clutch is connected with the two shafts 1; the two shafts 1 are connected with a main speed reducer gear pair 25; the main reducer gear pair 25 is connected with a transmission shaft of the differential 23; the output shaft of the differential 23 is connected to half shafts 24.
Referring to fig. 1, the forward second gear driving assembly includes a first shaft 16, a second gear driving gear 18, a free shaft 19, a friction plate type clutch driven disc 20, a friction plate type clutch driving disc 21, a second gear driven gear 22, and a second shaft 1.
The driving motor 15 is connected with a shaft 16; the shaft 16 is connected with a driving disc 21 of the friction plate type clutch; a hollow sleeve shaft 19 is arranged between the driving disc 21 of the friction plate type clutch and the two-gear driving gear 18; in the first gear state, the driven disc 20 and the driving disc 21 of the friction plate type clutch are separated; in the second gear state, the driven disc 20 of the friction plate type clutch is engaged with the driving disc 21 of the friction plate type clutch; the second-gear driving gear 18 is meshed with the second-gear driven gear 22; the second gear driven gear 22 is connected with the second shaft 1.
Referring to fig. 1-7, the reverse gear assembly includes a pressure plate 2, a pressure plate snap spring 3, a steel ball 4, a reverse friction plate clutch driving part 5, a friction plate 6, a reverse friction plate clutch driven part 7, a snap spring 8, a pre-tightening spring 9, a one-way overrunning clutch inner ring 10, a roller 11, an inner ring snap spring 12 and a one-way overrunning clutch outer ring 13.
The one-way overrunning clutch is of a roller type. When the reverse gear is performed, the pressure plate 2 presses the driving part 5 of the reverse friction plate type clutch, so that the driving part 5 of the reverse friction plate type clutch moves towards the driven part 7 of the reverse friction plate type clutch.
The inner ring 10 of the one-way overrunning clutch is fixed on the biaxial 1 and limited by an inner ring clamp spring 12; the pressure plate 2 is connected with the biaxial 1 through a flat key 14 and rotates synchronously with the biaxial 1; one end of the pressure plate 2 is positioned through a shaft shoulder, and the other end of the pressure plate is axially positioned through a pressure plate clamp spring 3, so that axial movement is prevented; the surface of the outer ring 13 of the one-way overrunning clutch is provided with a boss and is meshed with a first gear driving gear 17; the driving part 5 of the reverse friction plate type clutch is embedded in a boss on the surface of the outer ring 13 of the one-way overrunning clutch and can move axially; the clamp spring 8 is clamped on the clamping groove of the second shaft 1; the driven part 7 of the reverse friction plate type clutch is fixed on the secondary shaft 1 and limited by a clamp spring 8; the steel balls 4 are arranged in four grooves of the driving part 5 of the reverse friction plate type clutch, and the steel balls 4 can roll in the grooves under the friction force. The driving part 5 of the reverse friction plate type clutch is arranged between the steel ball 4 and the friction plate 6 and can only axially move within a certain range.
The depth of the groove gradually becomes deeper along the clockwise direction, the groove is the shallowest position P area of the annular groove at the beginning along the clockwise direction, the P area is 10 degrees, when the steel ball is in the P area, the pressure plate 2 and the driving part 5 of the reverse friction plate type clutch are pressed, the driving part 5 of the reverse friction plate type clutch moves to the side close to the driven part 7 of the reverse friction plate type clutch, and the friction plate 6 and the driven part 7 of the reverse friction plate type clutch are in sliding friction engagement to transmit torque; starting from the P area along the clockwise direction, the depth of the groove is slowly deepened until the M area, the M area is the inflection point position of the annular groove, the M area is 10 degrees, then the deepest part of the groove along the radial direction is the Q area, a spring is arranged in the Q area, the M area and the Q area belong to the deepest area of the groove, the depths are the same and belong to the same plane, when the steel ball 4 is positioned in the M area and the Q area, the pressure plate 2 is not in contact extrusion with the driving part 5 of the reverse friction plate type clutch, therefore, no action exists between the driving part 5 of the reverse friction plate type clutch and the driven part 7 of the reverse friction plate type clutch, and no force is transmitted. When the automobile runs forwards, the driving part 5 of the reverse friction plate type clutch rotates along the anticlockwise direction, and as long as the automobile reaches a certain speed from a static state, the steel ball 4 is thrown to a Q area under the action of centrifugal force to extrude a spring. When the automobile is in reverse gear from a static state, the driving part 5 of the reverse friction plate type clutch rotates clockwise, and due to the spring elasticity and the centrifugal force, the steel ball 4 can be guaranteed to be thrown to the P area.
When the automatic transmission is in a first gear state, the roller 11 is positioned in a small wedge-shaped space formed by the inner surface of the outer ring 13 of the one-way overrunning clutch and the outer surface of the inner ring 10 of the one-way overrunning clutch and is in a locking state, the driving motor 15 drives the shaft 16 to rotate clockwise, and the outer ring 13 of the one-way overrunning clutch and the inner ring 10 of the one-way overrunning clutch synchronously rotate anticlockwise. At the moment, the driving part 5 of the reverse friction plate type clutch and the outer ring 13 of the one-way overrunning clutch rotate anticlockwise, when a certain speed is reached, due to the action of centrifugal force, the steel ball 4 is thrown to the deepest Q area of the groove of the driving part 5 of the reverse friction plate type clutch and extrudes the spring in the deep part of the groove, at the moment, the driving part 5 of the reverse friction plate type clutch cannot be in contact extrusion with the steel ball in the groove of the pressure plate 2, the driving part 5 of the reverse friction plate type clutch cannot axially move towards the direction close to the driven part 7 of the reverse friction plate type clutch, and at the moment, the driving part of the reverse friction plate type clutch cannot transfer force.
When the automatic transmission is in a second gear state, the driving motor 15 drives the first shaft 16 to rotate clockwise, the driving part 21 and the driven part 20 of the friction plate type clutch are synchronous at the moment, torque is transmitted, the transmission ratio of the second-gear transmission gear is smaller than that of the first-gear transmission gear, the rotating speed of the second-gear driven gear 22 is larger than that of the outer ring 13 of the one-way overrunning clutch, the rotating speed of the second-gear driven gear is the same as that of the second-gear driven gear 22, the inner ring 10 of the one-way overrunning clutch is connected with the second shaft 1 and is the same as that of the second shaft, therefore, in the second gear state, the rotating speed of the inner ring 10 of the one-way overrunning clutch is larger than that of the outer ring 13 of the one-way overrunning clutch, the roller 11 is positioned at one side with a large wedge-shaped space formed by the outer surface, the power source drives the motor 15 through the second-gear friction clutch. At the moment, the driving part 5 of the reverse friction plate type clutch and the pressure plate 2 rotate anticlockwise, the driving part 5 of the reverse friction plate type clutch is connected with the outer ring 13 of the one-way overrunning clutch, the pressure plate 2 is connected with the secondary shaft 1, the speed of the pressure plate 2 is higher than that of the driving part 5 of the reverse friction plate type clutch, the driving part 5 of the reverse friction plate type clutch rotates clockwise relative to the pressure plate 2, but the steel ball 4 is still in the Q area with the deepest groove under the action of centrifugal force in the second gear state, the steel ball 4 cannot be in contact with the driving part 5 of the reverse friction plate type clutch at the moment, and the reverse friction plate type clutch cannot function.
The one-way overrunning clutch is adopted to realize that a gear shifting system has a gear shifting transmission line which sequentially comprises the following steps: the driving device comprises a driving motor 15, a first shaft 16, a first gear driving gear 17, a one-way overrunning clutch outer ring 13, a one-way overrunning clutch inner ring 10, a second shaft 1, a main speed reducer gear pair 25, a differential 23 and a half shaft 24.
The second-level transmission route is as follows in sequence: the driving device comprises a driving motor 15, a first shaft 16, a friction plate type clutch driving disc 21, a friction plate type clutch driven disc 20, a free sleeve shaft 19, a second gear driving gear 18, a second gear driven gear 22, a second shaft 1, a main speed reducer gear pair 25, a differential 23 and a half shaft 24.
The reverse gear transmission route is as follows in sequence: the device comprises a driving motor 15, a first shaft 16, a one-way overrunning clutch outer ring 13, a reverse friction plate type clutch driving part 5, a pressure plate 2, friction plates 6, a reverse friction plate type clutch driven part 7, a second shaft 1, a main speed reducer gear pair 25, a differential 23 and a half shaft 24.
The specific gear shifting control process for switching the first gear to the second gear is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, when viewed from the direction of arrow a, the driving motor 15 rotates clockwise to drive the first shaft 16 to rotate clockwise, the vehicle travels forward, the driven disc 20 of the friction plate clutch is gradually combined with the driving disc 21 of the friction plate clutch in a friction manner, power starts to be transmitted from the driving gear 18 of the second gear to the driven gear 22 of the second gear, as the power transmitted by the friction plate clutch increases gradually, the power transmitted by the overrunning clutch of the first gear decreases gradually until it reaches zero, the transmission ratio of the gear pair of the second gear is smaller than that of the gear pair of the first gear, the counterclockwise rotation speed of the inner ring 10 of the one-way overrunning clutch fixed on the second shaft 1 is higher than the counterclockwise rotation speed of the driven gear of the first gear, i.e. the counterclockwise rotation speed of the outer ring 13 of the one-way overrunning clutch, the roller 11 will not be locked at the end with a small wedge, the power is completely transmitted to the gear pair 25 of the main reducer through the gear pair mechanism at the second gear, the power is output to the differential integrated with the gearbox, and the vehicle can move forward at the second gear. In the gear-up process, the main driving part and the driven part of the reverse friction plate type clutch do not transmit torque, and no power interference occurs.
The specific gear shifting control process for switching the second gear to the first gear is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, when viewed from the direction of arrow a, the driving motor 15 rotates clockwise to drive the first shaft 16 to rotate clockwise, the automobile travels forward, the driven disc 20 of the friction plate clutch gradually separates from the driving disc 21 of the friction plate clutch, the transmission power of the second gear decreases, the counterclockwise speed of the second shaft 1 decreases, before the power transmitted by the friction plate clutch is zero, the counterclockwise speed of the inner ring 10 of the first gear one-way overrunning clutch is the same as the counterclockwise speed of the outer ring 13 of the first gear driven gear, i.e. the one-way overrunning clutch, the roller 11 of the first gear overrunning clutch is locked at the small end of the wedge-shaped space, the outer ring 13 of the one-way overrunning clutch drives the inner ring 10 to rotate counterclockwise, the power is transmitted from the first gear driving gear 17 to the outer ring 13 of the one-way overrunning clutch, the second gear driven gear 22 drives the second gear driving gear 18 to, the power is output to a differential integrated with the gearbox through a main speed reducer gear pair 25, and the vehicle can realize the forward in a first gear;
the specific gear shifting control process of the reverse gear is as follows:
as shown in fig. 5, during reverse gear, the driving part of the second-gear friction clutch is in a separated state, the driving motor 15 rotates counterclockwise to drive the first shaft 16 to rotate counterclockwise, the first-gear driving gear 17 rotates counterclockwise, the outer ring 13 of the one-way overrunning clutch rotates clockwise, the roller 11 will not be locked at one end with a small wedge-shaped space, the one-way overrunning clutch will not be locked, and power transmission will not occur, but the outer ring 13 of the one-way overrunning clutch can drive the driving part 5 of the reverse-gear friction clutch to rotate clockwise at this moment, when the reverse gear is just started, the speed of the driving motor 15 is very low, the speeds of the outer ring 13 of the one-way overrunning clutch and the driving part 5 of the reverse-gear friction clutch are very low, because of the action of the spring in the deep groove of the driving part 5 of the. Since the pressure plate 2 is fixedly connected with the two shafts 1, the initial speed is 0, so that the rotating speed difference exists between the driving part 5 of the reverse friction plate type clutch and the pressure plate 2, when the driving part 5 of the reverse friction plate type clutch rotates clockwise, the steel ball 4 moves in the space formed by the driving part 5 of the reverse friction plate type clutch and the pressure plate 2, and rolls from the deep M area in the groove to the shallow P area under the action of centrifugal force, because the pressure plate 2 can not move axially, the steel ball 4 presses the driving part 5 of the reverse friction plate type clutch to move axially close to the driven part 7 of the reverse friction plate type clutch, the driving part of the reverse friction plate type clutch is gradually combined through the friction plate 6, power is transmitted, the driven part 7 of the reverse friction plate type clutch rotates clockwise, the driven part 7 of the reverse friction plate type clutch is connected with the two shafts 1 through the flat keys 14, and axial movement can not occur, therefore, the two shafts 1 rotate clockwise, power is output to a differential integrated with the gearbox through a main speed reducer gear pair 25, and the vehicle achieves reverse gear and backward movement.
Claims (3)
1. An automatic gear shifting system of a one-way overrunning clutch is characterized by comprising a forward first gear driving assembly, a forward second gear driving assembly and a reverse gear assembly; the forward first-gear driving assembly comprises a driving motor (15), a first shaft (16), a first-gear driving gear (17), a one-way overrunning clutch outer ring (13), a one-way overrunning clutch inner ring (10), a second shaft (1), a main speed reducer gear pair (25), a differential (23) and a half shaft (24); the driving motor (15) is connected with a shaft (16) through a flat key (14); the shaft (16) is connected with a first gear driving gear (17); the first gear driving gear (17) is meshed with an outer ring (13) of the one-way overrunning clutch; the inner ring (10) of the one-way overrunning clutch is connected with the two shafts (1); the two shafts (1) are connected with a main speed reducer gear pair (25); the main speed reducer gear pair (25) is connected with a transmission shaft of the differential (23); the output shaft of the differential (23) is connected with a half shaft (24); the forward second-gear driving assembly comprises a first shaft (16), a second-gear driving gear (18), a hollow sleeve shaft (19), a friction plate type clutch driven disc (20), a friction plate type clutch driving disc (21), a second-gear driven gear (22) and a second shaft (1); the shaft (16) is connected with a driving disc (21) of the friction plate type clutch; a hollow sleeve shaft (19) is arranged between the driven disc (20) of the friction plate type clutch and the two-gear driving gear (18), and the three are connected into a whole; in a first gear state, the driven disc (20) of the friction plate type clutch is separated from the driving disc (21) of the friction plate type clutch; when the clutch is in the second gear state, the driven disc (20) of the friction plate type clutch is engaged with the driving disc (21) of the friction plate type clutch; the second-gear driving gear (18) is meshed with the second-gear driven gear (22); the two-gear driven gear (22) is connected with the two shafts (1); the reverse gear assembly comprises a pressure plate (2), a pressure plate clamp spring (3), a steel ball (4), a reverse gear friction plate type clutch driving part (5), a friction plate (6), a reverse gear friction plate type clutch driven part (7), a clamp spring (8), a pre-tightening spring (9), a one-way overrunning clutch inner ring (10), a roller (11), an inner ring clamp spring (12) and a one-way overrunning clutch outer ring (13); the inner ring (10) of the one-way overrunning clutch is fixed on the biaxial (1) and limited by an inner ring clamp spring (12); the pressure plate (2) is connected with the two shafts (1) through a flat key (14); one end of the pressure plate (2) is positioned through a shaft shoulder, and the other end of the pressure plate is axially positioned through a pressure plate clamp spring (3); the surface of the outer ring (13) of the one-way overrunning clutch is provided with a boss, and the outer ring (13) of the one-way overrunning clutch is meshed with a first gear driving gear (17); the driving part (5) of the reverse friction plate type clutch is embedded in a boss on the surface of the outer ring (13) of the one-way overrunning clutch and can axially move; the driving part (5) of the reverse friction plate type clutch is arranged between the steel ball (4) and the friction plate (6); the roller (11) is arranged in a wedge-shaped space formed by the inner surface of the outer ring (13) of the one-way overrunning clutch and the outer surface of the inner ring (10) of the one-way overrunning clutch and is pre-tightened by a pre-tightening spring (9); the clamp spring (8) is clamped on the clamp groove of the two shafts (1); the driven part (7) of the reverse friction plate type clutch is sleeved on the second shaft (1) and limited by a clamp spring (8) and a second shaft shoulder; the steel balls (4) are arranged in four grooves of a driving part (5) of the reverse friction plate type clutch and are in contact with the pressure plate (2).
2. The automatic gear shifting system of the one-way overrunning clutch according to claim 1, wherein four identical annular grooves are uniformly distributed on the driving part (5) of the reverse friction plate clutch, the depth of each groove gradually becomes deeper along the clockwise direction and is in a region P where the annular groove is shallowest at the beginning along the clockwise direction, and when a steel ball is in the region P, the pressure plate (2) is pressed against the driving part (5) of the reverse friction plate clutch, so that the driving part (5) of the reverse friction plate clutch moves towards one side close to the driven part (7) of the reverse friction plate clutch, and torque is transmitted through the friction plate (6) and the driven part (7) of the reverse friction plate clutch in a friction-sliding engagement mode; the depth of the groove is slowly deepened from the P area along the clockwise direction until the M area, the M area is the inflection point position of the annular groove, then the Q area is arranged at the deepest part of the groove along the radial direction, a spring is arranged in the Q area, the M area and the Q area belong to the deepest area of the groove, the depths are the same and belong to the same plane, when the steel ball (4) is positioned in the M area and the Q area, the pressure plate (2) is not in contact with and is not pressed by the driving part (5) of the reverse friction plate type clutch, and therefore no action is generated between the driving part (5) of the reverse friction plate type clutch and the driven part (7) of the reverse friction plate type clutch, and no force is transmitted; when the automobile runs forwards, the driving part (5) of the reverse friction plate type clutch rotates along the anticlockwise direction, and as long as the automobile reaches a certain speed from a static state, the steel ball (4) is thrown to a Q area under the action of centrifugal force to extrude the spring; when the automobile is in reverse gear from a static state, the driving part (5) of the reverse friction plate type clutch rotates clockwise, and the steel ball (4) is guaranteed to be thrown to a P area due to the spring force and the centrifugal force.
3. The one-way overrunning clutch automatic gear shifting system according to claim 1, wherein the friction plate (6) is a wet friction plate.
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| CN202010138542.0A CN111322364B (en) | 2020-03-03 | 2020-03-03 | Automatic gear shifting system of one-way overrunning clutch |
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| CN202010138542.0A CN111322364B (en) | 2020-03-03 | 2020-03-03 | Automatic gear shifting system of one-way overrunning clutch |
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| CN112628375B (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2022-03-01 | 西南大学 | Central driving self-adaptive speed change assembly of tricycle |
| CN114151467B (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-09-16 | 华星传动科技无锡有限公司 | Two-way clutch convenient to dismantle installation |
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| DE10063848A1 (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2002-06-27 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Gear shift transmission has at least one shift clutch which is freewheeling one |
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