CN111318835B - Nickel-based alloy welding wire for high-temperature alloy fusion welding and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Nickel-based alloy welding wire for high-temperature alloy fusion welding and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 171
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009617 vacuum fusion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 12
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3033—Ni as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a nickel-based alloy welding wire for high-temperature alloy fusion welding and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of high-temperature alloy fusion welding materials. The welding wire comprises the following chemical components (wt.%): 0-1% of C, 5.0-25.0% of Cr, 1.5-25.5% of Co, 1-12.5% of Al, 0.5-20.5% of W, 1.5-10.5% of Mo, 0.8-12.5% of Nb, 0-1.0% of Y, 0-1.0% of Fe, 0-2.0% of Si, and the balance of Ni. The welding wire is prepared by adopting a directional solidification method and is used for high-temperature alloy fusion welding connection. The welding current is 20-35A, and the voltage is 10-12V. The invention solves the problem of casting defect repair of the precipitation strengthening nickel-based superalloy and the current situation that the nickel-based superalloy welding wire is difficult to prepare due to strong deformation resistance of the nickel-based superalloy, and has important application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-temperature alloy connection, in particular to a nickel-based alloy welding wire for high-temperature alloy fusion welding, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the development of the integral precision casting technology, the cast high-temperature alloy is gradually applied to the aerospace industry in a large quantity. However, with the increasing temperatures of the turbine front air inlet and the thrust-weight ratio of the advanced aeroengine, the requirements for weight reduction of the engine are more and more strict. Because the structure of the high-temperature alloy structural part is more and more complex, the precision is more and more high, the manufacturing difficulty is increased, the final structure cannot be realized by the precision casting, and the split casting of the high-temperature alloy structural part can be realized only by combining with a reliable welding technology and other advanced machining and manufacturing technologies. In addition, the fusion welding method can realize the connection of high-temperature alloy structural members and the repair of defects, and effectively improve the working reliability and the economical efficiency of the aeroengine. Generally, the nickel-based superalloy has excellent high-temperature performance, but the superalloy contains high-melting-point elements such as Al, Ti, W, Mo and the like of a higher solder, cracks are easily formed in a fusion welding process, the weldability is poor, and a welding position of a nickel-based superalloy structural part must have excellent temperature bearing capacity and cannot have welding defects. The existing welding wires in China can be used for high-temperature alloys, particularly the welding wires for the melting welding of nickel-based high-temperature alloys with excellent high-temperature performance are few, and the use requirements cannot be met as long as cracks are easily formed in the process of welding the high-temperature alloys. Moreover, the welding wire material for high-performance welding of the high-temperature alloy has the chemical components similar to those of the high-temperature alloy, excellent high-temperature strength and strong high-temperature deformation resistance, and can not be prepared into wire materials by the traditional drawing method. Therefore, the nickel-based alloy welding wire material for the high-temperature alloy fusion welding is urgently needed to be developed to meet the welding requirement of high-temperature alloy parts.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a nickel-based alloy welding wire material for high-temperature alloy fusion welding and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the nickel-based alloy welding wire for the high-temperature alloy fusion welding is a nickel-based alloy wire material, and comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
0-1% of C, 5.0-25.0% of Cr, 1.5-25.5% of Co, 1-12.5% of Al, 0.5-20.5% of W, 1.5-10.5% of Mo, 0.8-12.5% of Nb, 0-1.0% of Y, 0-1.0% of Fe, 0-2.0% of Si, and the balance of Ni.
The welding wire comprises the following preferred chemical components in percentage by weight:
0.1-1% of C, 5.0-25.0% of Cr, 1.5-25.5% of Co, 1-12.5% of Al, 0.5-20.5% of W, 1.5-10.5% of Mo, 0.8-12.5% of Nb, 0.1-1.0% of Y, 0.1-1.0% of Fe, 0.5-2.0% of Si, and the balance of Ni.
The welding wire is a cylindrical wire with the diameter of 1-2mm, and the length of the welding wire is more than 200 mm.
The preparation method of the nickel-based alloy welding wire for the high-temperature alloy fusion welding comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials according to the chemical components of the welding wire, and smelting a master alloy ingot by adopting a vacuum induction furnace;
(2) melting a master alloy ingot by adopting a directional solidification furnace, pouring the molten master alloy melt into an alumina ceramic shell, and after the alumina ceramic shell is fully filled, drawing the ceramic shell from the furnace at a certain speed into a room-temperature vacuum chamber to realize directional solidification of a welding wire;
(3) and crushing the solidified and cooled ceramic shell, taking out the welding wire, removing the welding wire, and removing oxide skin on a centerless grinder to obtain the welding wire product.
In the step (1), the smelting process comprises the following steps: heating to 1550-1600 ℃ and preserving heat for 1min, then heating to 1450-1550 ℃ and preserving heat for 10min, then heating to 1300-1400 ℃ and preserving heat for 10min, and pouring at 1400-1450 ℃.
In the step (2), the melting temperature is 1400-1600 ℃, and the melted mother alloy liquid is injected into the alumina ceramic shell.
In the step (2), 100-200 cylindrical cavities with the diameter of 1.1-2.1mm are distributed in the alumina ceramic shell.
In the step (2), in the process of drawing the ceramic shell, the drawing speed is controlled to be 1-10 mm/min so as to ensure the formability of the welding wire.
The nickel-based alloy welding wire for the high-temperature alloy fusion welding is used for the fusion welding of precipitation strengthening nickel-based high-temperature alloy, the welding wire is placed between two base metals to be welded in the fusion welding connection process, after the welding wire is fixed by a clamp, a sample which is fixedly clamped is placed in a vacuum fusion welding furnace for fusion welding, the welding current is 20-35A, and the voltage is 10-12V.
After fusion welding connection, no crystal boundary exists in the connection joint, the components of a welding seam area are similar to those of the precipitation strengthening nickel-based high-temperature alloy to be connected, the tensile strength can reach more than 80% of that of the precipitation strengthening nickel-based high-temperature alloy, and the lasting life of 980 ℃ and 66MPa is more than or equal to 100 h.
The design idea and principle of the invention are as follows:
in order to solve the problem of casting defect repair of the precipitation strengthening nickel-based superalloy, a high-performance welding wire material for the nickel-based superalloy is developed, and the welding wire has similar components to the precipitation strengthening nickel-based superalloy, so that the welding wire has the welding seam strength matched with the nickel-based superalloy. However, aiming at the current situation that the nickel-based superalloy has strong deformation resistance and is difficult to prepare, in the aspect of component design, elements such as Al and W for increasing crack sensitivity are reduced, elements such as Cr and Co for increasing alloy plasticity and reducing crack sensitivity are improved, in addition, considering that Nb is used for replacing Ta to be beneficial to improving plasticity, the addition of C slightly improves the crack sensitivity of a heat affected zone, the addition of B obviously improves the crack sensitivity, and the content of the elements is properly regulated and controlled, so that the welding wire material with high welding strength and good weldability is obtained.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
by adopting the nickel-based high-temperature alloy welding wire and the fusion welding process prepared by the invention, cracks do not exist in the obtained welding joint, failure caused by high temperature under the condition of service is avoided, the fusion welding temperature is high, the fluidity is moderate, the corrosion to a base material is small, the mechanical property of the welding joint is close to that of the base material, and compared with the traditional high-temperature fusion welding material, the fusion welding material is more suitable for the fusion welding of the nickel-based single crystal high-temperature alloy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a joint microstructure of a fusion welded K4951 alloy using the wire prepared in example 1; wherein: (a) the shape is microscopic; (b) is a macroscopic photograph.
FIG. 2 is a joint microstructure of the fusion welded K4951 alloy of comparative example 1.
FIG. 3 is a joint microstructure of the fusion welded K4951 alloy of comparative example 2.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
Example 1
The parent metal to be welded in the embodiment is nickel-based superalloy K4951.
The welding wire of the embodiment comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.8% of C, 15.0% of Cr, 15.5% of Co, 8.5% of Al, 5.5% of W, 4.5% of Mo, 4.5% of Nb, 0.5% of Y, 0.5% of Fe, 0.5% of Si and the balance of Ni, smelting a master alloy ingot through a vacuum smelting furnace, and smelting the master alloy ingot through a vacuum induction furnace, wherein the smelting process is as follows: 1550 ℃/1min → 1450 ℃/10min → 1300 ℃/10min, and 1400 ℃ for casting to prepare the master alloy ingot.
The welding wire preparation method comprises the following steps: melting a master alloy ingot in a directional solidification furnace at 1400 ℃, feeding molten master alloy liquid into an alumina ceramic shell with the cavity diameter of 2.1mm through a liquid outlet, pulling out the ceramic shell at the pulling-out speed of 1mm/min after the alumina ceramic shell is filled with the molten master alloy liquid, and performing directional solidification; and crushing the solidified and cooled ceramic shell, taking out the welding wire, and removing oxide skin of the welding wire on a centerless mill to obtain the welding wire material with the diameter of 2 mm.
The welding method comprises the following steps: before welding, a sample of the solid-solution nickel-based high-temperature alloy K4951 is polished on a surface to be welded by using No. 800 abrasive paper, ultrasonic cleaning is carried out for 15min in acetone to remove oil stains on the surface of the sample to be welded, a welding wire is placed between base materials to be welded, after the welding wire is fixed by a clamp, a flow inhibitor alumina powder is coated on the surface of the sample to prevent solder loss in the fusion welding process, and during welding, the welding current is 20A, and the voltage is 10V. And carrying out aging treatment. After fusion welding connection, no crystal boundary exists in the connection joint, the components of a welding seam area are similar to those of K4951 alloy, the tensile strength is 80% of that of the K4951 alloy, and the endurance life of 980 ℃/66MPa is 125 h.
Example 2
The parent metal to be welded in the embodiment is nickel-based superalloy K4951.
The welding wire of the embodiment comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.5% of C, 5.0% of Cr, 1.5% of Co, 2.5% of Al, 2.5% of W, 1.5% of Mo, 1.8% of Nb, 0.5% of Y, 0.5% of Fe, 0.3% of Si and the balance of Ni, smelting a master alloy ingot through a vacuum smelting furnace, and smelting the master alloy ingot through a vacuum induction furnace, wherein the smelting process is as follows: 1600 ℃/1min → 1550 ℃/10min → 1400 ℃/10min, casting at 1450 ℃. And obtaining the master alloy ingot.
The welding wire preparation method comprises the following steps: melting a master alloy ingot in a directional solidification furnace at 1600 ℃, feeding molten master alloy liquid into an alumina ceramic shell with the cavity diameter of 1.1mm through a liquid outlet, pulling out the ceramic shell at the pulling-out speed of 1mm/min after the alumina ceramic shell is filled with the molten master alloy liquid, and performing directional solidification; and crushing the solidified and cooled ceramic shell, taking out the welding wire, and removing oxide skin of the welding wire on a centerless mill to obtain the welding wire material with the diameter of 1 mm.
The welding method comprises the following steps: before welding, a sample of the solid-solution nickel-based high-temperature alloy K4951 is polished on a surface to be welded by using No. 800 abrasive paper, ultrasonic cleaning is carried out for 15min in acetone to remove oil stains on the surface of the sample to be welded, a welding wire is placed between base materials to be welded, after the welding wire is fixed by a clamp, a flow inhibitor alumina powder is coated on the surface of the sample to prevent solder loss in the fusion welding process, and during welding, the welding current is 25A, and the voltage is 12V. And carrying out aging treatment. After fusion welding connection, no crystal boundary exists in the connection joint, the components of a welding seam area are similar to those of K4951 alloy, the tensile strength is 85% of that of the K4951 alloy, and the service life of 980 ℃/66MPa is 120 h.
Example 3
The parent metal to be welded in the embodiment is nickel-based superalloy K4951.
The welding wire of the embodiment comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.3% of C, 10.0% of Cr, 2.5% of Co, 4.5% of Al, 7.5% of W, 8.5% of Mo, 7.5% of Nb, 0.5% of Y, 0.3% of Fe, 0.5% of Si and the balance of Ni, smelting a master alloy ingot through a vacuum smelting furnace, and smelting the master alloy ingot through a vacuum induction furnace, wherein the smelting process is as follows: 1575 ℃/1min → 1475 ℃/10min → 1350 ℃/10min → 1450 ℃ to prepare the master alloy ingot.
The welding wire preparation method comprises the following steps: melting a master alloy ingot in a directional solidification furnace at 1500 ℃, feeding molten master alloy liquid into an alumina ceramic shell with the cavity diameter of 1.9mm through a liquid outlet, pulling out the ceramic shell at the pulling-out speed of 1mm/min after the alumina ceramic shell is filled with the molten master alloy liquid, and performing directional solidification; and crushing the solidified and cooled ceramic shell, taking out the welding wire, and removing oxide skin of the welding wire on a centerless mill to obtain the welding wire material with the diameter of 1.8 mm.
The welding method comprises the following steps: before welding, a sample of the solid-solution nickel-based high-temperature alloy K4951 is polished on a surface to be welded by using No. 800 abrasive paper, ultrasonic cleaning is carried out for 15min in acetone to remove oil stains on the surface of the sample to be welded, a welding wire is placed between base materials to be welded, after the welding wire is fixed by a clamp, a flow inhibitor alumina powder is coated on the surface of the sample to prevent solder loss in the fusion welding process, and during welding, the welding current is 22A, and the voltage is 10V. And carrying out aging treatment. After fusion welding connection, no crystal boundary exists in the connection joint, the components of a welding seam area are similar to those of K4951 alloy, the tensile strength is 90% of that of the K4951 alloy, and the endurance life of 980 ℃/66MPa is 110 h.
Comparative example 1
The parent metal to be welded in this example is nickel-based superalloy K4951.
The welding wire preparation method comprises the following steps: melting K4951 ingot in a directional solidification furnace at 1450 deg.C, introducing the molten mother alloy liquid into an alumina ceramic shell with a cavity diameter of 2.1mm via a liquid outlet, and pulling out the ceramic shell at a speed of 1mm/min for directional solidification; and crushing the solidified and cooled ceramic shell, taking out the welding wire, and removing oxide skin of the welding wire on a centerless mill to obtain the welding wire material with the diameter of 2 mm.
Before welding, a sample of the solid-solution nickel-based high-temperature alloy K4951 is polished on a surface to be welded by using No. 800 abrasive paper, ultrasonic cleaning is carried out for 15min in acetone to remove oil stains on the surface of the sample to be welded, a welding wire is placed between base materials to be welded, after the welding wire is fixed by a clamp, a flow inhibitor alumina powder is coated on the surface of the sample to prevent solder loss in the fusion welding process, and during welding, the welding current is 22A, and the voltage is 10V. And carrying out aging treatment. After fusion welding connection, no crystal boundary exists in the connection joint, the components of a welding seam area are similar to those of K4951 alloy, the tensile strength is 50% of that of the K4951 alloy, and the service life of 980 ℃/66MPa is 60 h.
Comparative example 2
The parent metal to be welded in this example is nickel-based superalloy K4951.
The welding wire preparation method comprises the following steps: and (4) mechanically processing the K4951 ingot to obtain a welding wire material.
Before welding, a sample of the solid-solution nickel-based high-temperature alloy K4951 is polished on a surface to be welded by using No. 800 abrasive paper, ultrasonic cleaning is carried out for 15min in acetone to remove oil stains on the surface of the sample to be welded, a welding wire is placed between base materials to be welded, after the welding wire is fixed by a clamp, a flow inhibitor alumina powder is coated on the surface of the sample to prevent solder loss in the fusion welding process, and during welding, the welding current is 22A, and the voltage is 10V. And carrying out aging treatment. After fusion welding connection, no crystal boundary exists in the connection joint, the components of a welding seam area are similar to those of K4951 alloy, the tensile strength is 40% of that of the K4951 alloy, and the endurance life of 980 ℃/66MPa is 40 h.
As can be seen from the microstructure and the macro-photograph of the sample fusion welding joint in the embodiment (figure 1), no crack exists in the welding joint, and the failure under the condition of high temperature service is avoided. The components of the welded area of the sample after welding are similar to those of the K4951 alloy, the tensile strength reaches more than 80% of that of the K4951 alloy, and the endurance life of 980 ℃/66MPa is longer than 100 h. Compared with the traditional high-temperature alloy melting welding material, the melting welding wire is more suitable for melting welding of the nickel-based single crystal high-temperature alloy.
As can be seen from the microstructure diagrams (fig. 2 to 3) of the melt-welded joint of the sample of the above comparative example, there were more cracks in the melt-welded joint compared to the example, which resulted in a reduction in the high-temperature performance of the joint. As can be seen from the tensile strength test results of the samples after connection in the comparative example, the tensile strength and the endurance life of the welded joint after connection can not meet the tensile strength requirement of the joint.
Claims (6)
1. The nickel-based alloy welding wire for the high-temperature alloy fusion welding is characterized in that: the welding wire is a nickel-based alloy wire material, and comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
0.3-1% of C, 5.0-15.0% of Cr, 1.5-15.5% of Co, 1-12.5% of Al, 2.5-20.5% of W, 1.5-10.5% of Mo, 0.8-12.5% of Nb, 0.1-1.0% of Y, 0-1.0% of Fe, 0.3-2.0% of Si, and the balance of Ni;
the welding wire is a cylindrical wire with the diameter of 1-2mm, and the length of the welding wire is more than 200 mm;
the preparation method of the nickel-based alloy welding wire for the high-temperature alloy fusion welding comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials according to the chemical components of the welding wire, and smelting a master alloy ingot by adopting a vacuum induction furnace;
(2) melting a mother alloy ingot in a directional solidification furnace at 1400-1600 ℃, injecting the molten mother alloy into an alumina ceramic shell, and after the alumina ceramic shell is filled with the molten mother alloy, drawing the ceramic shell from the furnace at a certain speed into a room-temperature vacuum chamber to realize directional solidification of a welding wire; in the shell drawing process, the drawing speed is controlled to be 1-10 mm/min so as to ensure the formability of the welding wire;
(3) and crushing the solidified and cooled ceramic shell, taking out the welding wire, removing the welding wire, and removing oxide skin on a centerless grinder to obtain the welding wire product.
2. The nickel-based alloy welding wire for superalloy fusion welding according to claim 1, wherein: the welding wire comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
0.3-1% of C, 5.0-15.0% of Cr, 1.5-15.5% of Co, 1-12.5% of Al, 2.5-20.5% of W, 1.5-10.5% of Mo, 0.8-12.5% of Nb, 0.1-1.0% of Y, 0.1-1.0% of Fe, 0.5-2.0% of Si, and the balance of Ni.
3. The nickel-based alloy welding wire for superalloy fusion welding according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the smelting process comprises the following steps: heating to 1550-1600 ℃ and preserving heat for 1min, then heating to 1450-1550 ℃ and preserving heat for 10min, then heating to 1300-1400 ℃ and preserving heat for 10min, and pouring at 1400-1450 ℃.
4. The nickel-based alloy welding wire for superalloy fusion welding according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), 100-200 cylindrical cavities with the diameter of 1.1-2.1mm are distributed in the alumina ceramic shell.
5. Use of the nickel-based alloy welding wire for superalloy fusion welding according to claim 1, wherein: the welding wire is adopted to carry out fusion welding of the precipitation strengthening nickel-based high-temperature alloy, the welding wire is placed between two base metals to be welded in the fusion welding connection process, after the welding wire is fixed by a clamp, a sample which is fixedly clamped is placed in a vacuum fusion welding furnace to carry out fusion welding, the welding current is 20-35A, and the voltage is 10-12V.
6. Use of the nickel-based alloy welding wire for superalloy fusion welding according to claim 5, wherein: after the fusion welding connection, no crystal boundary exists in the connection joint, the tensile strength can reach more than 80% of that of the precipitation strengthening nickel-based high-temperature alloy, and the lasting life of 980 ℃ and 66MPa is more than or equal to 100 h.
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