CN111313735B - A Loss-Balanced Modulation Strategy for Three-level ANPC Converters - Google Patents
A Loss-Balanced Modulation Strategy for Three-level ANPC Converters Download PDFInfo
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- H02M7/5387—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
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- H02M7/53875—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with analogue control of three-phase output
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- H02M7/539—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
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Abstract
本发明所公开了一种三电平ANPC变流器损耗平衡的调制策略，具体按照如下步骤实施：步骤1，根据载波脉冲宽度调制方法，得到三相调制波，然后通过空间矢量脉冲宽度调制策略，求解并输出a、b和c三相开关状态及其各自作用时间；步骤2，采用七段式发波并计算各区导通时间，对三电平ANPC整流器进行换流控制；步骤3，分析换流方式产生的开关损耗，提出变流器损耗平衡策略。本发明的目的是提供一种三电平ANPC变流器损耗平衡的调制策略，解决现有的各开关器件使用寿命短、各功率器件损耗不均衡的问题。
The invention discloses a three-level ANPC converter loss balance modulation strategy, which is specifically implemented according to the following steps: Step 1, according to the carrier pulse width modulation method, a three-phase modulated wave is obtained, and then the space vector pulse width modulation strategy is used to obtain a three-phase modulated wave. , solve and output the three-phase switching states of a, b and c and their respective action times; step 2, adopt seven-segment wave generation and calculate the conduction time of each area, and carry out commutation control for the three-level ANPC rectifier; step 3, analyze the commutation The switching loss caused by the method is proposed, and the converter loss balance strategy is proposed. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a loss-balanced modulation strategy for a three-level ANPC converter, so as to solve the problems of short service life of existing switching devices and unbalanced loss of power devices.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于电力电子技术领域，涉及一种三电平ANPC变流器损耗平衡的调制策略。The invention belongs to the technical field of power electronics, and relates to a modulation strategy for loss balance of a three-level ANPC converter.
背景技术Background technique
多电平拓扑是高压大功率应用中的一种较为实用的解决方案。但随着其电平数的增加，控制难度也逐渐增加。三电平拓扑目前应用最为广泛的多电平拓扑之一，但传统的三电平中点钳位型(Neutral Point ClamPed，NPC)拓扑存在损耗分布不均衡的问题。据此，出现了有源中点钳位型(Active Neutral Point ClamPed，ANPC)拓扑，该拓扑通过选择冗余开关状态和不同的电流通路能够有效控制器件的损耗平衡，但该拓扑每相较传统三电平NPC拓扑而言增加两个功率器件，因而调制和控制更加复杂。Multilevel topology is a more practical solution in high voltage and high power applications. But with the increase of its level number, the control difficulty also increases gradually. Three-level topology is currently one of the most widely used multi-level topologies, but the traditional three-level neutral point clamp (Neutral Point ClamPed, NPC) topology has the problem of unbalanced loss distribution. Accordingly, the Active Neutral Point ClamPed (ANPC) topology has emerged, which can effectively control the loss balance of the device by selecting redundant switching states and different current paths. For the three-level NPC topology, two power devices are added, so the modulation and control are more complicated.
与传统三电平NPC变流器的调制策略类似，三电平ANPC变流器的调制策略主要也包含SPWM法和SVPWM法。不同的是，三电平NPC变流器正常工作下，其相电压零电平只有一种状态。而三电平ANPC变流器由于拓扑结构，在开关安全组合下其相电压零电平包含四种状态，为损耗平衡提供了可以。Similar to the modulation strategy of the traditional three-level NPC converter, the modulation strategy of the three-level ANPC converter mainly includes the SPWM method and the SVPWM method. The difference is that when the three-level NPC converter is working normally, its phase voltage zero level has only one state. The three-level ANPC converter, due to its topological structure, has four states of zero-level phase voltage under the switch safety combination, which provides the possibility for loss balance.
在三电平ANPC变流器的调制策略中，相比SPWM方法，SVPWM电压利用率高、减少谐波、矢量选择灵活且容易实现数字化，受到广泛的认可。但三电平ANPC变流器每相开关状态较传统三电平NPC变流器增加三个零电平状态，所以，如何合理选择开关状态，克服三电平NPC变流器的损耗分布不均，将三电平ANPC变流器损耗均分，并进一步提高变流器的工作性能，是三电平ANPC变流器的研究重点和难点。In the modulation strategy of the three-level ANPC converter, compared with the SPWM method, the SVPWM method has high voltage utilization, reduced harmonics, flexible vector selection and easy digitization, and has been widely recognized. However, compared with the traditional three-level NPC converter, the three-level ANPC converter has three zero-level states for each phase of the switching state. Therefore, how to choose the switching state reasonably and overcome the uneven loss distribution of the three-level NPC converter , divide the loss of the three-level ANPC converter equally, and further improve the working performance of the converter, which is the research focus and difficulty of the three-level ANPC converter.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的是提供一种三电平ANPC变流器损耗平衡的调制策略，解决现有的各开关器件使用寿命短、各功率器件损耗不均衡的问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a loss-balanced modulation strategy for a three-level ANPC converter, so as to solve the problems of short service life of existing switching devices and unbalanced loss of power devices.
本发明所采用的技术方案是，一种三电平ANPC变流器损耗平衡的调制策略，具体按照如下步骤实施：The technical solution adopted in the present invention is a modulation strategy of loss balance of a three-level ANPC converter, which is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
步骤1，根据载波脉冲宽度调制方法，得到三相调制波，然后通过空间矢量脉冲宽度调制策略，求解并输出a、b和c三相开关状态及其各自作用时间；Step 1: According to the carrier pulse width modulation method, a three-phase modulated wave is obtained, and then the space vector pulse width modulation strategy is used to solve and output the three-phase switching states of a, b and c and their respective action times;
步骤2，采用七段式发波并计算各区导通时间，对三电平ANPC变流器进行换流控制；
步骤3，分析换流方式产生的开关损耗，提出变流器损耗平衡策略。
本发明的特征还在于，The present invention is also characterized in that,
步骤1具体为：步骤1.1，根据载波脉冲宽度调制方法，得到三相调制波表达式：
其中，Um为三相相电压的幅值，Ua、Ub和Uc分别为对应三相a、b和c的相电压，ω为a、b、c三相相电压的角频率；Among them, U m is the amplitude of the three-phase phase voltage, U a , U b and U c are the phase voltages corresponding to the three-phase a, b and c, respectively, and ω is the angular frequency of the three-phase phase voltages of a, b, and c;
步骤1.2，通过步骤1.1得到的三相调制波合成参考电压矢量公式：Step 1.2, through the three-phase modulation wave synthesis reference voltage vector formula obtained in step 1.1:
步骤1.3，将逆变器拓扑中27种不同开关组合分别组成三种不同开关状态，并对27种开关组合和基本电压矢量进行分类；Step 1.3, 27 different switch combinations in the inverter topology are respectively composed of three different switch states, and the 27 switch combinations and basic voltage vectors are classified;
步骤1.4，根据伏秒平衡将参考电压矢量带入分别求解出各个选取电压矢量的作用时间。In step 1.4, according to the volt-second balance, the reference voltage vector is brought in, and the action time of each selected voltage vector is obtained respectively.
步骤1.3具体为：步骤1.3.1，根据三电平ANPC变流器的拓扑结构，定义其开关函数为：Step 1.3 is specifically: Step 1.3.1, according to the topology of the three-level ANPC converter, define its switching function as:
其中，Tx表示第x相输出，x＝a或b或c，1表示P，0表示O，-1表示N，因此，三相开关组合共有33＝27种组合，则得到三电平ANPC变流器的空间矢量Sk为：Among them, T x represents the xth phase output, x=a or b or c, 1 represents P, 0 represents O, and -1 represents N, therefore, there are 3 3 =27 combinations of three-phase switch combinations, and three-level switch combinations are obtained. The space vector Sk of the ANPC converter is:
其中，UDC表示直流侧的输入电压；Among them, U DC represents the input voltage of the DC side;
步骤1.3.2将三相正弦电压采用坐标变换等效变换至α-β静止坐标系中，将步骤1.2中的参考电压矢量Vref在α-β静止坐标系进行分解，根据参考电压矢量Vref与α轴的夹角进行A-F共6个大扇区以及每个大扇区对应的1-6共6个小区的判断，对27种开关组合和基本电压矢量进行分类具体为：Step 1.3.2 The three-phase sinusoidal voltage is equivalently transformed into the α-β stationary coordinate system by coordinate transformation, and the reference voltage vector V ref in step 1.2 is decomposed in the α-β stationary coordinate system. According to the reference voltage vector V ref The angle between the α axis is used to judge the 6 large sectors of AF and the 6 cells corresponding to 1 to 6 corresponding to each large sector. The classification of 27 switch combinations and basic voltage vectors is as follows:
按照电压矢量类型对应开关状态组合为：长矢量对应PNN、PPN、NPN、NPP、NNP、PNP；中矢量对应PON、OPN、NPO、NOP、ONP、PNO；短矢量对应PPO、ONN、OPO、NON、OPP、NOO、OOP、NNO、POP、ONO、POO、ONN；零矢量对应PPP、OOO、NNN。According to the voltage vector type, the corresponding switch state combinations are: long vector corresponds to PNN, PPN, NPN, NPP, NNP, PNP; medium vector corresponds to PON, OPN, NPO, NOP, ONP, PNO; short vector corresponds to PPO, ONN, OPO, NON , OPP, NOO, OOP, NNO, POP, ONO, POO, ONN; zero vector corresponds to PPP, OOO, NNN.
步骤1.4具体为：设合成参考电压矢量Vref的三个空间矢量U1、U2、U3的作用时间分别对应为T1、T2、T3，Ts为固定开关周期，由伏秒平衡原则可得：Step 1.4 is specifically as follows: set the action times of the three space vectors U 1 , U 2 , and U 3 of the synthetic reference voltage vector V ref to be T 1 , T 2 , and T 3 respectively, and T s is a fixed switching period, which is determined by volt-second The balance principle can be obtained:
T1×U1+T2×U2+T3×U3＝Ts×Vref (5)T 1 ×U 1 +T 2 ×U 2 +T 3 ×U 3 =T s ×V ref (5)
T1+T2+T3＝Ts (6)T 1 +T 2 +T 3 =T s (6)
分别求解出各个选取电压矢量作用时间T1、T2、T3；Solve the action time T 1 , T 2 , T 3 of each selected voltage vector respectively;
步骤1.4具体为：Step 1.4 is as follows:
A扇区1小区，三个空间矢量U1、U2、U3分别为：A
根据公式(5)得出：
将公式(8)和公式(6)按照欧拉公式展开，分为实部和虚部解得：Expand formula (8) and formula (6) according to Euler's formula and divide them into real part and imaginary part to solve:
其中，
结合A扇区基本矢量选择，其中，A扇区的基本矢量选择如下：用A1表示A扇区1小区，以此类推，所在区域对应开关组合顺序为：A1对应ONN、OON、OOO、POO、OOO、OON、ONN；A2对应OON、OOO、POO、PPO、POO、OOO、OON；A3对应ONN、OON、PON、POO、PON、OON、ONN；A4对应OON、PON、POO、PPO、POO、PON、ONO；A5对应ONN、PNN、PON、POO、PON、PNN、ONN；A6对应OON、PON、PPN、PPO、PPN、PON、OON；Combined with the selection of the basic vector of the A sector, the basic vector of the A sector is selected as follows: A1 is used to represent the
根据所在区域对应开关组合顺序，代入公式(4)得到每个小区对应的三个空间矢量，然后结合公式(8)求解出A扇区各个小区相应基本矢量作用时间具体为：According to the corresponding switch combination order of the area, the three space vectors corresponding to each cell are obtained by substituting formula (4), and then combined with formula (8), the corresponding basic vector action time of each cell in sector A is solved as follows:
A1：
A2：T1＝2mTssinθ；
A3：T1＝Ts[1-2msinθ]；
A4：
A5：
A6：
C和E扇区内各个小区的矢量作用时间与A扇区相同，B、D和F扇区内各个小区的矢量作用时间与将A扇区各个小区的T2和T3相互置换后的矢量作用时间一一对应。The vector action time of each cell in sectors C and E is the same as that of sector A, and the vector action time of each cell in sectors B, D and F is the same as the vector action time of each cell in sector A after replacing T 2 and T 3 of each cell with each other The action time corresponds one by one.
步骤2具体为：采用七段式发波将选择的基本电压矢量作用时间分配给对应矢量，将基本电压矢量作用时间加载成七段式发送的波形，根据给定基本电压矢量的位置信息、每处位置选取基本电压矢量信息以及作用时间信息从而选择出具体开关组合；将固定开关周期Ts划分为七段排序①至⑦分别为：①：T1/4；②：T2/2；③：T3/2；④：T1/2；⑤：T3/2；⑥：T2/2；⑦：T1/4；
则在固定开关周期Ts内，各个扇区的各个小区P、O、N三者的导通时间为：Then in the fixed switching period T s , the on-time of each cell P, O, and N of each sector is:
A扇区：A1：P状态对应段序④，导通时间为T1/2，O状态对应①②③⑤⑦，导通时间为Ts-T1/2；A2：P状态对应段序③④⑤，导通时间为T1/2+T3，O状态对应①②⑥⑦，导通时间为T1/2+T2；A3和A2相同；A4：P状态对应段序②③④⑤⑥，导通时间为Ts-T1/2，O状态对应①⑦，导通时间为T1/2；A5、A6和A4相同；A sector: A1: P state corresponds to
B扇区：B1：P状态对应段序④，导通时间为T1/2，O状态对应①②③⑤⑦，导通时间为Ts-T1/2；B3和B1相同；B2：N状态对应段序①⑦，导通时间为T1/2，O状态对应②③④⑤⑥，导通时间为Ts-T1/2；B4和B2相同；B5：P状态对应段序③④⑤，导通时间为T1/2+T3，O状态对应①②⑥⑦，导通时间为T1/2+T2；B6：N状态对应段序①②⑥⑦，导通时间为T1/2+T2，O状态对应③④⑤，导通时间为T1/2+T3；B sector: B1: P state corresponds to
C扇区：C1：N状态对应段序①②⑥⑦，导通时间为T1/2+T2，O状态对应③④⑤，导通时间为T1/2+T3；C4和C1相同；C2：N状态对应段序①⑦，导通时间为T1/2，O状态对应②③④⑤⑥，导通时间为Ts-T1/2；C3：N状态对应段序①②③⑤⑥⑦，导通时间为Ts-T1/2，O状态对应④，导通时间为T1/2；C5、C6和C3相同；Sector C: C1: N state corresponds to segment sequence ①②⑥⑦, on-time is T 1 /2+T 2 , O state corresponds to ③④⑤, on-time is T 1 /2+T 3 ; C4 and C1 are the same; C2: N The state corresponds to the segment sequence ①⑦, the conduction time is T 1 /2, the O state corresponds to ②③④⑤⑥, and the conduction time is T s -T 1 /2; C3: N state corresponds to the segment sequence ①②③⑤⑥⑦, and the conduction time is T s -T 1 /2, O state corresponds to ④, the on-time is T 1 /2; C5, C6 and C3 are the same;
D扇区：D1：N状态对应段序①⑦，导通时间为T1/2，O状态对应②③④⑤⑥，导通时间为Ts-T1/2；D2：N状态对应段序①②⑥⑦，导通时间为T1/2+T2，O状态对应③④⑤，导通时间为T1/2+T3；D3和D2相同；D4：N状态对应段序①②③⑤⑥⑦，导通时间为Ts-T1/2，O状态对应④，导通时间为T1/2；D5、D6和D4相同；D sector: D1: N state corresponds to segment sequence ①⑦, the on time is T 1 /2, O state corresponds to ②③④⑤⑥, and the on time is T s -T 1 /2; D2: N state corresponds to segment sequence ①②⑥⑦, on The time is T 1 /2+T 2 , the O state corresponds to ③④⑤, and the on time is T 1 /2+T 3 ; D3 and D2 are the same; D4: N state corresponds to the segment sequence ①②③⑤⑥⑦, and the on time is T s -T 1 /2, O state corresponds to ④, the on time is T 1 /2; D5, D6 and D4 are the same;
E扇区：E1：N状态对应段序①⑦，导通时间为T1/2，O状态对应②③④⑤⑥，导通时间为Ts-T1/2；E3和E1相同；E2：P状态对应段序④，导通时间为T1/2，O状态对应①②③⑤⑦，导通时间为Ts-T1/2；E4和E2相同；E5：N状态对应段序①②⑥⑦，导通时间为T1/2+T2，O状态对应③④⑤，导通时间为T1/2+T3；E6：P状态对应段序③④⑤，导通时间为T1/2+T3，O状态对应①②⑥⑦，导通时间为T1/2+T2；E sector: E1: N state corresponds to segment sequence ①⑦, the on time is T 1 /2, O state corresponds to ②③④⑤⑥, and the on time is T s -T 1 /2; E3 and E1 are the same; E2: P state corresponds to the
F扇区：F1：P状态对应段序③④⑤，导通时间为T1/2+T3，O状态对应①②⑥⑦，导通时间为T1/2+T2；F4和F1相同；F2：P状态对应段序④，导通时间为T1/2，O状态对应①②③⑤⑦，导通时间为Ts-T1/2；F3：P状态对应段序②③④⑤⑥，导通时间为Ts-T1/2，O状态对应①⑦，导通时间为T1/2；F5、F6和F3相同。F sector: F1: P state corresponds to segment sequence ③④⑤, the on time is T 1 /2+T 3 , O state corresponds to ①②⑥⑦, and the on time is T 1 /2+T 2 ; F4 is the same as F1; F2: P The state corresponds to the
步骤3具体为：步骤3.1，确定换流方式产生的开关损耗
(1)IGBT损耗：IGBT处于导通状态时，内部存在阻抗消耗电能，产生导通损耗；IGBT处于开关过程中，开通和关断消耗电能即Eon、Eoff，产生开关损耗；则IGBT总损耗＝导通损耗+开通损耗+关断损耗；(1) IGBT loss: When the IGBT is in the on state, there is an internal resistance that consumes electric energy, resulting in conduction loss; when the IGBT is in the switching process, the power consumption is Eon and Eoff when it is turned on and off, resulting in switching loss; then the total IGBT loss = Turn-on loss + turn-on loss + turn-off loss;
(2)续流二极管损耗：二极管处在正向导通，即续流时，产生导通损耗；二极管处在反向恢复过程时，产生反向恢复损耗即Erec，则续流二极管损耗＝导通损耗+反向恢复损耗；(2) Freewheeling diode loss: When the diode is in forward conduction, that is, when the freewheeling current, the conduction loss is generated; when the diode is in the reverse recovery process, the reverse recovery loss or Erec is generated, then the freewheeling diode loss = conduction loss + reverse recovery loss;
步骤3.2，根据步骤3.1以SVPWM控制策略为前提，分析换流损耗；Step 3.2, according to step 3.1, based on the premise of the SVPWM control strategy, analyze the commutation loss;
a相换流损耗分析：从P状态到OU1、OU2及OL1、OL2状态时，OU1、OU2、OL1、OL2为O状态有四种冗余状态，其损耗为：电压状态：P，电压、电流同向时：Sx1导通损耗、Sx2导通损耗，电压、电流反向时：D1导通损耗、D2导通损耗；电压状态：P到OU1，电压、电流同向时：Sx1关断损耗，电压、电流反向时：D1反向恢复损耗、Sx5开通损耗；电压状态：OU1到P，电压、电流同向时：D5反向恢复损耗、Sx1开通损耗，电压、电流反向时：Sx5关断损耗；电压状态：OU1，电压、电流同向时：D5、Sx2导通损耗，电压、电流反向时：D2、Sx5导通损耗；电压状态：P到OU2，电压、电流同向时：Sx1关断损耗，电压、电流反向时：D1反向恢复损耗、Sx5开通损耗；电压状态：OU2到P，电压、电流同向时：D5反向恢复损耗、Sx1开通损耗，电压、电流反向时：Sx5关断损耗；电压状态：OU2，电压、电流同向时：D5、Sx2导通损耗，电压、电流反向时：D2、Sx5导通损耗；电压状态：P到OL2，电压、电流同向时：Sx2关断损耗，电压、电流反向时：D2反向恢复损耗、Sx3开通损耗；电压状态：OL2到P，电压、电流同向时：D3反向恢复损耗、Sx2开通损耗，电压、电流反向时：Sx3关断损耗；电压状态：OL2，电压、电流同向时：D3、Sx6导通损耗，电压、电流反向时：D6、Sx3导通损耗；Phase a commutation loss analysis: from the P state to the OU1, OU2 and OL1, OL2 states, OU1, OU2, OL1, and OL2 are in the O state, and there are four redundant states. The losses are: voltage state: P, voltage, current In the same direction: Sx1 conduction loss, Sx2 conduction loss, when the voltage and current are reversed: D1 conduction loss, D2 conduction loss; Voltage state: P to OU1, when the voltage and current are in the same direction: Sx1 turn-off loss, When voltage and current are reversed: D1 reverse recovery loss, Sx5 turn-on loss; Voltage status: OU1 to P, when voltage and current are in the same direction: D5 reverse recovery loss, Sx1 turn-on loss, when voltage and current are reversed: Sx5 off Breaking loss; voltage state: OU1, when voltage and current are in the same direction: D5, Sx2 conduction loss, when voltage and current are reversed: D2, Sx5 conduction loss; voltage state: P to OU2, when voltage and current are in the same direction: Sx1 turn-off loss, when voltage and current are reversed: D1 reverse recovery loss, Sx5 turn-on loss; voltage state: OU2 to P, when voltage and current are in the same direction: D5 reverse recovery loss, Sx1 turn-on loss, voltage and current reverse Direction: Sx5 turn-off loss; voltage state: OU2, when voltage and current are in the same direction: D5, Sx2 conduction loss, when voltage and current are reversed: D2, Sx5 conduction loss; voltage state: P to OL2, voltage, When the current is in the same direction: Sx2 turn-off loss, when the voltage and current are reversed: D2 reverse recovery loss, Sx3 turn-on loss; Voltage state: OL2 to P, when the voltage and current are in the same direction: D3 reverse recovery loss, Sx2 turn-on loss , when voltage and current are reversed: Sx3 turn-off loss; voltage state: OL2, when voltage and current are in the same direction: D3, Sx6 conduction loss, when voltage and current are reversed: D6, Sx3 conduction loss;
从N状态到OU1、OU2、OL1、OL2状态时，其损耗为：电压状态：N，电压、电流同向时：D4、D3的导通损耗，电压、电流反向时：Sx3、Sx4导通损耗；电压状态：N到OU1，电压、电流同向时：D3反向恢复损耗、Sx2开通损耗，电压、电流反向时：Sx3关断损耗；电压状态：OU1到N，电压、电流同向时：Sx2关断损耗，电压、电流反向时：D2反向恢复损耗、Sx3开通损耗；电压状态：OU1，电压、电流同向时：D5、Sx2导通损耗，电压、电流反向时：D2、Sx5导通损耗；电压状态：N到OL1，电压、电流同向时：D4反向恢复损耗、Sx6开通损耗，电压、电流反向时：Sx4关断损耗；电压状态：OL1到N，电压、电流同向时：Sx6关断损耗，电压、电流反向时：D6反向恢复损耗、Sx4开通损耗；电压状态：OL1，电压、电流同向时：D3、Sx6导通损耗，电压、电流反向时：D6、Sx3导通损耗；电压状态：N到OL2，电压、电流同向时：D4反向恢复损耗、Sx6开通损耗，电压、电流反向时：Sx4关断损耗；电压状态：OL2到N，电压、电流同向时：Sx6关断损耗，电压、电流反向时：D6反向恢复损耗、Sx4开通损耗；电压状态：OL2，电压、电流同向时：D3、Sx6导通损耗，电压、电流反向时：D6、Sx3导通损耗；From the N state to the OU1, OU2, OL1, and OL2 states, the loss is: voltage state: N, when the voltage and current are in the same direction: the conduction loss of D4 and D3, when the voltage and current are in the opposite direction: Sx3 and Sx4 are turned on Loss; voltage state: N to OU1, when voltage and current are in the same direction: D3 reverse recovery loss, Sx2 turn-on loss, when voltage and current are reversed: Sx3 turn-off loss; voltage state: OU1 to N, voltage and current are in the same direction When: Sx2 turn-off loss, when voltage and current are reversed: D2 reverse recovery loss, Sx3 turn-on loss; voltage state: OU1, when voltage and current are in the same direction: D5, Sx2 conduction loss, when voltage and current are reversed: D2, Sx5 conduction loss; voltage state: N to OL1, when voltage and current are in the same direction: D4 reverse recovery loss, Sx6 turn-on loss, when voltage and current are reversed: Sx4 turn-off loss; voltage state: OL1 to N, When the voltage and current are in the same direction: Sx6 turn-off loss, when the voltage and current are in the opposite direction: D6 reverse recovery loss, Sx4 turn-on loss; voltage state: OL1, when the voltage and current are in the same direction: D3, Sx6 conduction loss, voltage, When the current is reversed: D6, Sx3 conduction loss; voltage state: N to OL2, when voltage and current are in the same direction: D4 reverse recovery loss, Sx6 turn-on loss, when voltage and current are reversed: Sx4 turn-off loss; voltage state : OL2 to N, when voltage and current are in the same direction: Sx6 turn-off loss, when voltage and current are reversed: D6 reverse recovery loss, Sx4 turn-on loss; voltage state: OL2, when voltage and current are in the same direction: D3, Sx6 lead Conduction loss, when the voltage and current are reversed: D6, Sx3 conduction loss;
依据输出电压电平状态，负载电流方向与状态转化前后顺序存在以下情况，其中，P+表示：输出电平为P，电流方向为“+”；N-表示：输出电平为N，电流方向为“-”，混合状态情况如下：P+到OU1-存在Sx1关断损耗、Sx5开通损耗；OU1-到P+存在Sx1开通损耗、Sx5关断损耗；P-到OU1+存在D1反向恢复损耗；OU1+到P-存在D5反向恢复损耗；P+到OL2-存在Sx2关断损耗、Sx3开通损耗；OL2-到P+存在Sx2开通损耗、Sx3关断损耗；P-到OL2+存在D2反向恢复损耗；OL2+到P-存在D3反向恢复损耗；N+到OU1-存在D3反向恢复损耗；OU1-到N+存在D2反向恢复损耗；N-到OU1+存在Sx2开通损耗、Sx3关断损耗；OU1+到N-存在Sx2关断损耗、Sx3开通损耗；N+到OL1-存在D4反向恢复损耗；OL1-到N+存在D6反向恢复损耗；N-到OL1+存在Sx4关断损耗、Sx6开通损耗；OL1+到N-存在Sx4开通损耗、Sx6关断损耗；According to the state of the output voltage level, the load current direction and the sequence before and after the state transition exist in the following situations. Among them, P+ means: the output level is P, and the current direction is "+"; N- means: the output level is N, and the current direction is "-", the mixed state is as follows: P+ to OU1- has Sx1 turn-off loss, Sx5 turn-on loss; OU1- to P+ has Sx1 turn-on loss, Sx5 turn-off loss; P- to OU1+ has D1 reverse recovery loss; OU1+ to P- has D5 reverse recovery loss; P+ to OL2- has Sx2 turn-off loss, Sx3 turn-on loss; OL2- to P+ has Sx2 turn-on loss, Sx3 turn-off loss; P- to OL2+ has D2 reverse recovery loss; OL2+ to P- has D3 reverse recovery loss; N+ to OU1- has D3 reverse recovery loss; OU1- to N+ has D2 reverse recovery loss; N- to OU1+ has Sx2 turn-on loss, Sx3 turn-off loss; OU1+ to N- has Sx2 turn-off loss, Sx3 turn-on loss; N+ to OL1- has D4 reverse recovery loss; OL1- to N+ has D6 reverse recovery loss; N- to OL1+ has Sx4 turn-off loss, Sx6 turn-on loss; OL1+ to N- exists Sx4 turn-on loss, Sx6 turn-off loss;
步骤3.3，根据步骤3.2的分析结果提出损耗平衡策略，具体为：Step 3.3, according to the analysis result of step 3.2, propose a wear leveling strategy, specifically:
步骤3.3.1，设调制度为
步骤3.3.2，根据划分层次提出损耗平衡策略：按照上述进行分层，第一层作为一类、第二层作为一类；第一层m＝0.5，β轴右侧处于P，O状态；左侧则处于N，O状态；若以纵轴右侧扇区为起点，左右对称，在左侧扫过对称区域可以实现平衡；第二层即1>m>0.5，β轴右侧处于P，O状态；左侧则处于N，O状态；若以纵轴右侧扇区为起点，左右对称，在左侧扫过对称区域可以实现平衡；若以E扇区或左侧扇区为起点，此时，至少应以调制周期整数倍实现；Step 3.3.2, propose a loss balance strategy according to the division level: according to the above, the first layer is regarded as a class, and the second layer is regarded as a class; the first layer is m=0.5, and the right side of the β axis is in the P, O state; The left side is in N, O state; if the right sector of the vertical axis is used as the starting point, the left and right are symmetrical, and the balance can be achieved by sweeping the symmetrical area on the left side; the second layer is 1>m>0.5, and the right side of the β axis is in P , O state; the left side is in N, O state; if starting from the right sector of the vertical axis, the left and right are symmetrical, and the balance can be achieved by sweeping the symmetrical area on the left; if the starting point is the E sector or the left sector , at this time, it should be at least an integer multiple of the modulation period;
根据分析P到O，N到O状态选择可得：第一种选择以β轴为分界线；第二种选择以α，β双轴为分界线；第三种选择以六个扇区为总体，且观察矢量分布图，任意电压矢量经过180°对称，说明PPN经过180°旋转得NNP；According to the analysis of P to O, N to O state selection can be obtained: the first option takes the β axis as the dividing line; the second option takes the α, β dual axes as the dividing line; the third option takes the six sectors as the whole , and observe the vector distribution diagram, any voltage vector is symmetrical through 180°, indicating that PPN rotates through 180° to obtain NNP;
因此得到：扇区A与D扫过区域相同；扇区B与E扫过区域相同；扇区C与F扫过区域相同，则扫过区域相同的扇区采用同种换流方式；每个扇区中小区3、4、5、6关于横坐标存在对称关系，即正三角与倒三角对称；Therefore, it is obtained: sectors A and D sweep the same area; sectors B and E sweep the same area; sectors C and F sweep the same area, then the same commutation mode is used for the sectors that sweep the same area;
步骤3.3.3，根据调制度m灵活选择工作模式，m＝0.5、1＞m>0.5、m＝1，分别对应三种模式：Step 3.3.3, select the working mode flexibly according to the modulation degree m, m=0.5, 1>m>0.5, m=1, corresponding to three modes:
模式一：β轴为分界线，左右侧零状态分别在OU1、OL2中选择，具体为：A扇区：左右侧零状态分别选择：OU1和在OU1、OL2中任意选择；B扇区：左右侧零状态分别选择：OU1和OL2；C扇区：左右侧零状态分别选择：OL2和在OU1、OL2中任意选择；D扇区：左右侧零状态分别选择：OL2和在OU1、OL2中任意选择；E扇区：左右侧零状态分别选择：OL2和OU1；F扇区：左右侧零状态分别选择：OU1和在OU1、OL2中任意选择；Mode 1: The β axis is the dividing line, and the left and right zero states are selected from OU1 and OL2 respectively, specifically: A sector: left and right zero states are selected respectively: OU1 and any choice from OU1 and OL2; B sector: left and right The side zero states are selected respectively: OU1 and OL2; C sector: the left and right zero states are selected respectively: OL2 and any choice in OU1, OL2; D sector: the left and right zero states are selected respectively: OL2 and any in OU1, OL2 Select; E sector: the left and right zero states are selected respectively: OL2 and OU1; F sector: the left and right zero states are selected respectively: OU1 and any choice from OU1 and OL2;
模式二：在模式一基础之上B、E扇区零状态分别替换为OL2、OU1，其余不变，具体为：B扇区：左右侧零状态分别选择：OL2和OL2；E扇区：左右侧零状态分别选择：OU1和OU1；Mode 2: On the basis of
模式三：在模式一基础之上A、C、D、F扇区零状态分别替换为OL2，OU1，OU1，OL2，其余不变，具体为：A扇区：左右侧零状态分别选择：OL2和在OL2，OU1，OU1，OL2中任意选择；C扇区：左右侧零状态分别选择：OU1和在OL2，OU1，OU1，OL2中任意选择；D扇区：左右侧零状态分别选择：OU1和在OL2，OU1，OU1，OL2中任意选择；F扇区：左右侧零状态分别选择：OL2和在OL2，OU1，OU1，OL2中任意选择。Mode 3: On the basis of
本发明的有益效果是：本发明一种三电平ANPC变流器损耗平衡调制策略，根据提出的损耗平衡策略，在调制度不同的取值范围里，选择不同的过渡状态，可以有效的减少了各开关管在换流过程中的开关损耗，解决现有的各开关器件使用寿命短、各功率器件损耗不均衡的问题。The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention is a three-level ANPC converter loss balance modulation strategy. According to the proposed loss balance strategy, in different value ranges of the modulation degree, different transition states can be selected, which can effectively reduce the The switching loss of each switching tube in the commutation process is solved, and the problems of short service life of each existing switching device and unbalanced loss of each power device are solved.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明一种三电平ANPC变流器损耗平衡的调制策略中三电平有源钳位型变流器主电路拓扑图；Fig. 1 is a three-level active clamp type converter main circuit topology diagram in a three-level ANPC converter loss-balanced modulation strategy of the present invention;
图2是本发明一种三电平ANPC变流器损耗平衡的调制策略中空间矢量分布图；Fig. 2 is a space vector distribution diagram in the modulation strategy of a three-level ANPC converter loss balance of the present invention;
图3是本发明一种三电平ANPC变流器损耗平衡的调制策略中A扇区小矢量划分图；Fig. 3 is a small vector division diagram of sector A in a modulation strategy of loss balance of a three-level ANPC converter of the present invention;
图4是本发明一种三电平ANPC变流器损耗平衡的调制策略中七段式发波原理图；4 is a schematic diagram of seven-segment wave generation in a modulation strategy for loss-balanced three-level ANPC converters of the present invention;
图5是本发明一种三电平ANPC变流器损耗平衡的调制策略中ANPC变流器换流模态图；5 is a commutation modal diagram of an ANPC converter in a modulation strategy of a three-level ANPC converter loss balance of the present invention;
图6是本发明一种三电平ANPC变流器损耗平衡的调制策略中ɑ-β坐标划分图；Fig. 6 is a kind of α-β coordinate division diagram in the modulation strategy of a three-level ANPC converter loss balance of the present invention;
图7是本发明实施例中m＝0.65未加损耗平衡策略开关器件S1至S4损耗图；FIG. 7 is a loss diagram of switching devices S1 to S4 without adding a loss balance strategy for m=0.65 in an embodiment of the present invention;
图8是本发明实施例中m＝0.65加入损耗平衡策略开关器件S1至S4损耗图；FIG. 8 is a loss diagram of switching devices S1 to S4 with m=0.65 added to a loss balance strategy in an embodiment of the present invention;
图9是本发明实施例中m＝0.80未加损耗平衡策略开关器件S1至S4损耗图；FIG. 9 is a loss diagram of switching devices S1 to S4 of m=0.80 without adding a loss balance strategy in an embodiment of the present invention;
图10是本发明实施例中m＝0.80加入损耗平衡策略开关器件S1至S4损耗图。FIG. 10 is a loss diagram of switching devices S1 to S4 with m=0.80 added to a loss balance strategy in an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进行详细说明。The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
本发明一种三电平ANPC变流器损耗平衡的调制策略，具体按照如下步骤实施：A modulation strategy for loss balance of a three-level ANPC converter of the present invention is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
步骤1，根据载波脉冲宽度调制方法，得到三相调制波，然后通过空间矢量脉冲宽度调制策略，求解并输出a、b和c三相开关状态及其各自作用时间；具体为：Step 1: According to the carrier pulse width modulation method, a three-phase modulated wave is obtained, and then the space vector pulse width modulation strategy is used to solve and output the three-phase switching states of a, b and c and their respective action times; specifically:
步骤1.1，根据载波脉冲宽度调制方法，得到三相调制波表达式：Step 1.1, according to the carrier pulse width modulation method, the three-phase modulation wave expression is obtained:
其中，Um为三相相电压的幅值，Ua、Ub和Uc分别为对应三相a、b和c的相电压，ω为a、b、c三相相电压的角频率；Among them, U m is the amplitude of the three-phase phase voltage, U a , U b and U c are the phase voltages corresponding to the three-phase a, b and c, respectively, and ω is the angular frequency of the three-phase phase voltages of a, b, and c;
步骤1.2，通过步骤1.1得到的三相调制波合成参考电压矢量公式：Step 1.2, through the three-phase modulation wave synthesis reference voltage vector formula obtained in step 1.1:
其中，
步骤1.3，将逆变器拓扑中27种不同开关组合分别组成三种不同开关状态，并对27种开关组合和基本电压矢量进行分类；具体为：In step 1.3, 27 different switch combinations in the inverter topology are formed into three different switch states, and the 27 switch combinations and basic voltage vectors are classified; the details are:
步骤1.3.1，根据三电平ANPC变流器的拓扑结构，定义其开关函数为：Step 1.3.1, according to the topology of the three-level ANPC converter, define its switching function as:
其中，Tx表示第x相输出，x＝a或b或c，1表示P，0表示O，-1表示N，因此，三相开关组合共有33＝27种组合，则得到三电平ANPC变流器的空间矢量Sk为：Among them, T x represents the xth phase output, x=a or b or c, 1 represents P, 0 represents O, and -1 represents N, therefore, there are 3 3 =27 combinations of three-phase switch combinations, and three-level switch combinations are obtained. The space vector Sk of the ANPC converter is:
其中，UDC表示直流侧的输入电压；Among them, U DC represents the input voltage of the DC side;
步骤1.3.2将三相正弦电压采用坐标变换等效变换至α-β静止坐标系中，将步骤1.2中的参考电压矢量Vref在α-β静止坐标系进行分解，根据参考电压矢量Vref与α轴的夹角进行A-F共6个大扇区以及每个大扇区对应的1-6共6个小区的判断，对27种开关组合和基本电压矢量进行分类具体为：Step 1.3.2 The three-phase sinusoidal voltage is equivalently transformed into the α-β stationary coordinate system by coordinate transformation, and the reference voltage vector V ref in step 1.2 is decomposed in the α-β stationary coordinate system. According to the reference voltage vector V ref The angle between the α axis is used to judge the 6 large sectors of AF and the 6 cells corresponding to 1 to 6 corresponding to each large sector. The classification of 27 switch combinations and basic voltage vectors is as follows:
按照电压矢量类型对应开关状态组合为：长矢量对应PNN、PPN、NPN、NPP、NNP、PNP；中矢量对应PON、OPN、NPO、NOP、ONP、PNO；短矢量对应PPO、ONN、OPO、NON、OPP、NOO、OOP、NNO、POP、ONO、POO、ONN；零矢量对应PPP、OOO、NNN；According to the voltage vector type, the corresponding switch state combinations are: long vector corresponds to PNN, PPN, NPN, NPP, NNP, PNP; medium vector corresponds to PON, OPN, NPO, NOP, ONP, PNO; short vector corresponds to PPO, ONN, OPO, NON , OPP, NOO, OOP, NNO, POP, ONO, POO, ONN; zero vector corresponds to PPP, OOO, NNN;
步骤1.4，根据伏秒平衡将参考电压矢量带入分别求解出各个选取电压矢量的作用时间；具体为：Step 1.4, according to the volt-second balance, the reference voltage vector is brought into the reference voltage vector, and the action time of each selected voltage vector is solved separately; specifically:
设合成参考电压矢量Vref的三个空间矢量U1、U2、U3的作用时间分别对应为T1、T2、T3，Ts为固定开关周期，由伏秒平衡原则可得：Assume that the action times of the three space vectors U 1 , U 2 , and U 3 of the synthetic reference voltage vector V ref correspond to T 1 , T 2 , and T 3 respectively, and T s is the fixed switching period, which can be obtained from the volt-second balance principle:
T1×U1+T2×U2+T3×U3＝Ts×Vref (5)T 1 ×U 1 +T 2 ×U 2 +T 3 ×U 3 =T s ×V ref (5)
T1+T2+T3＝Ts (6)T 1 +T 2 +T 3 =T s (6)
分别求解出各个选取电压矢量作用时间T1、T2、T3；Solve the action time T 1 , T 2 , T 3 of each selected voltage vector respectively;
A扇区1小区，三个空间矢量U1、U2、U3分别为：A
根据公式(5)得出：According to formula (5), we get:
将公式(8)和公式(6)按照欧拉公式展开，分为实部和虚部解得：Expand formula (8) and formula (6) according to Euler's formula and divide them into real part and imaginary part to solve:
其中，
结合A扇区基本矢量选择，其中，A扇区的基本矢量选择如下：用A1表示A扇区1小区，以此类推，所在区域对应开关组合顺序为：Combined with the selection of the basic vector of the A sector, the basic vector selection of the A sector is as follows: A1 is used to represent the
A1对应ONN、OON、OOO、POO、OOO、OON、ONN；A2对应OON、OOO、POO、PPO、POO、OOO、OON；A3对应ONN、OON、PON、POO、PON、OON、ONN；A4对应OON、PON、POO、PPO、POO、PON、ONO；A5对应ONN、PNN、PON、POO、PON、PNN、ONN；A6对应OON、PON、PPN、PPO、PPN、PON、OON；A1 corresponds to ONN, OON, OOO, POO, OOO, OON, ONN; A2 corresponds to OON, OOO, POO, PPO, POO, OOO, OON; A3 corresponds to ONN, OON, PON, POO, PON, OON, ONN; A4 corresponds to OON, PON, POO, PPO, POO, PON, ONO; A5 corresponds to ONN, PNN, PON, POO, PON, PNN, ONN; A6 corresponds to OON, PON, PPN, PPO, PPN, PON, OON;
根据所在区域对应开关组合顺序，代入公式(4)得到每个小区对应的三个空间矢量，然后结合公式(8)求解出A扇区各个小区相应基本矢量作用时间具体为：According to the corresponding switch combination order of the area, the three space vectors corresponding to each cell are obtained by substituting formula (4), and then combined with formula (8), the corresponding basic vector action time of each cell in sector A is solved as follows:
A1：
A2：T1＝2mTssinθ；
A3：T1＝Ts[1-2msinθ]；
A4：
A5：
A6：
C和E扇区内各个小区的矢量作用时间与A扇区相同，B、D和F扇区内各个小区的矢量作用时间与将A扇区各个小区的T2和T3相互置换后的矢量作用时间一一对应；The vector action time of each cell in sectors C and E is the same as that of sector A, and the vector action time of each cell in sectors B, D and F is the same as the vector action time of each cell in sector A after replacing T 2 and T 3 of each cell with each other The action time corresponds one by one;
步骤2，采用七段式发波并计算各区导通时间，对三电平ANPC变流器进行换流控制；具体为：
采用七段式发波将选择的基本电压矢量作用时间分配给对应矢量，将基本电压矢量作用时间加载成七段式发送的波形，根据给定基本电压矢量的位置信息、每处位置选取基本电压矢量信息以及作用时间信息从而选择出具体开关组合；The seven-segment wave is used to assign the selected basic voltage vector action time to the corresponding vector, and the basic voltage vector action time is loaded into the seven-segment sent waveform, and the basic voltage vector information is selected according to the position information of the given basic voltage vector and each position. and action time information to select a specific switch combination;
将固定开关周期Ts划分为七段排序①至⑦分别为：①：T1/4；②：T2/2；③：T3/2；④：T1/2；⑤：T3/2；⑥：T2/2；⑦：T1/4；The fixed switching period T s is divided into seven stages and the
则在固定开关周期Ts内，各个扇区的各个小区P、O、N三者的导通时间为：Then in the fixed switching period T s , the on-time of each cell P, O, and N of each sector is:
A扇区：A1：P状态对应段序④，导通时间为T1/2，O状态对应①②③⑤⑦，导通时间为Ts-T1/2；A2：P状态对应段序③④⑤，导通时间为T1/2+T3，O状态对应①②⑥⑦，导通时间为T1/2+T2；A3和A2相同；A4：P状态对应段序②③④⑤⑥，导通时间为Ts-T1/2，O状态对应①⑦，导通时间为T1/2；A5、A6和A4相同；A sector: A1: P state corresponds to
B扇区：B1：P状态对应段序④，导通时间为T1/2，O状态对应①②③⑤⑦，导通时间为Ts-T1/2；B3和B1相同；B2：N状态对应段序①⑦，导通时间为T1/2，O状态对应②③④⑤⑥，导通时间为Ts-T1/2；B4和B2相同；B5：P状态对应段序③④⑤，导通时间为T1/2+T3，O状态对应①②⑥⑦，导通时间为T1/2+T2；B6：N状态对应段序①②⑥⑦，导通时间为T1/2+T2，O状态对应③④⑤，导通时间为T1/2+T3；B sector: B1: P state corresponds to
C扇区：C1：N状态对应段序①②⑥⑦，导通时间为T1/2+T2，O状态对应③④⑤，导通时间为T1/2+T3；C4和C1相同；C2：N状态对应段序①⑦，导通时间为T1/2，O状态对应②③④⑤⑥，导通时间为Ts-T1/2；C3：N状态对应段序①②③⑤⑥⑦，导通时间为Ts-T1/2，O状态对应④，导通时间为T1/2；C5、C6和C3相同；Sector C: C1: N state corresponds to segment sequence ①②⑥⑦, on-time is T 1 /2+T 2 , O state corresponds to ③④⑤, on-time is T 1 /2+T 3 ; C4 and C1 are the same; C2: N The state corresponds to the segment sequence ①⑦, the conduction time is T 1 /2, the O state corresponds to ②③④⑤⑥, and the conduction time is T s -T 1 /2; C3: N state corresponds to the segment sequence ①②③⑤⑥⑦, and the conduction time is T s -T 1 /2, O state corresponds to ④, the on-time is T 1 /2; C5, C6 and C3 are the same;
D扇区：D1：N状态对应段序①⑦，导通时间为T1/2，O状态对应②③④⑤⑥，导通时间为Ts-T1/2；D2：N状态对应段序①②⑥⑦，导通时间为T1/2+T2，O状态对应③④⑤，导通时间为T1/2+T3；D3和D2相同；D4：N状态对应段序①②③⑤⑥⑦，导通时间为Ts-T1/2，O状态对应④，导通时间为T1/2；D5、D6和D4相同；D sector: D1: N state corresponds to segment sequence ①⑦, the on time is T 1 /2, O state corresponds to ②③④⑤⑥, and the on time is T s -T 1 /2; D2: N state corresponds to segment sequence ①②⑥⑦, on The time is T 1 /2+T 2 , the O state corresponds to ③④⑤, and the on time is T 1 /2+T 3 ; D3 and D2 are the same; D4: N state corresponds to the segment sequence ①②③⑤⑥⑦, and the on time is T s -T 1 /2, O state corresponds to ④, the on time is T 1 /2; D5, D6 and D4 are the same;
E扇区：E1：N状态对应段序①⑦，导通时间为T1/2，O状态对应②③④⑤⑥，导通时间为Ts-T1/2；E3和E1相同；E2：P状态对应段序④，导通时间为T1/2，O状态对应①②③⑤⑦，导通时间为Ts-T1/2；E4和E2相同；E5：N状态对应段序①②⑥⑦，导通时间为T1/2+T2，O状态对应③④⑤，导通时间为T1/2+T3；E6：P状态对应段序③④⑤，导通时间为T1/2+T3，O状态对应①②⑥⑦，导通时间为T1/2+T2；E sector: E1: N state corresponds to segment sequence ①⑦, the on time is T 1 /2, O state corresponds to ②③④⑤⑥, and the on time is T s -T 1 /2; E3 and E1 are the same; E2: P state corresponds to the
F扇区：F1：P状态对应段序③④⑤，导通时间为T1/2+T3，O状态对应①②⑥⑦，导通时间为T1/2+T2；F4和F1相同；F2：P状态对应段序④，导通时间为T1/2，O状态对应①②③⑤⑦，导通时间为Ts-T1/2；F3：P状态对应段序②③④⑤⑥，导通时间为Ts-T1/2，O状态对应①⑦，导通时间为T1/2；F5、F6和F3相同；F sector: F1: P state corresponds to segment sequence ③④⑤, the on time is T 1 /2+T 3 , O state corresponds to ①②⑥⑦, and the on time is T 1 /2+T 2 ; F4 is the same as F1; F2: P The state corresponds to the
步骤3，分析换流方式产生的开关损耗，提出变流器损耗平衡策略；具体为：
步骤3.1，确定换流方式产生的开关损耗Step 3.1, determine the switching loss caused by the commutation method
(1)IGBT损耗：(1) IGBT loss:
IGBT处于导通状态时，内部存在阻抗消耗电能，产生导通损耗；IGBT处于开关过程中，开通和关断消耗电能即Eon、Eoff，产生开关损耗；则IGBT总损耗＝导通损耗+开通损耗+关断损耗；When the IGBT is in the on state, there is an internal impedance that consumes power, resulting in conduction loss; during the switching process of the IGBT, the power consumption is Eon and Eoff when it is turned on and off, resulting in switching loss; then the total IGBT loss = conduction loss + turn-on loss +turn-off loss;
(2)续流二极管损耗(2) Freewheeling diode loss
二极管处在正向导通，即续流时，产生导通损耗；二极管处在反向恢复过程时，产生反向恢复损耗即Erec，则续流二极管损耗＝导通损耗+反向恢复损耗；Eon，Eoff，Erec可根据功率开关管的数据手册上查找或者推算；When the diode is in forward conduction, that is, freewheeling, conduction loss occurs; when the diode is in the reverse recovery process, reverse recovery loss is generated, namely Erec, then the freewheeling diode loss = conduction loss + reverse recovery loss; E on , E off , E rec can be searched or calculated according to the data sheet of the power switch;
步骤3.2，根据步骤3.1以SVPWM控制策略为前提，分析换流损耗；Step 3.2, according to step 3.1, based on the premise of the SVPWM control strategy, analyze the commutation loss;
a相换流损耗分析：A-phase commutation loss analysis:
三电平ANPC变流器的单相结构包括直流电源UDC以及两个电容C1和电容C2，电容C1和电容C2串联后和直流电源UDC并联，三电平ANPC变流器的桥臂由全控型IGBT开关管Sx1，Sx2，Sx3，Sx4串联构成，Sx1，Sx2，Sx3，Sx4串联后与串联后的电容C1和电容C2并联，钳位开关桥臂由全控型IGBT开关管Sx5，Sx6串联构成，且全控型IGBT开关管Sx5，Sx6串联后与全控型IGBT开关管Sx2，Sx3并联，每个全控型IGBT开关管上均反并联二极管分别为记为D1、D2、D3、D4，D5，D6；The single-phase structure of the three-level ANPC converter includes the DC power supply U DC and two capacitors C 1 and C 2 , and the capacitor C 1 and the capacitor C 2 are connected in series with the DC power supply U DC in parallel. The three-level ANPC converter The bridge arm is composed of fully controlled IGBT switches Sx1, Sx2, Sx3, and Sx4 in series. After Sx1, Sx2, Sx3, and Sx4 are connected in series, they are connected in parallel with the series-connected capacitor C 1 and capacitor C 2. The clamp switch bridge arm is fully controlled by IGBT switches Sx5 and Sx6 are connected in series, and the fully-controlled IGBT switches Sx5 and Sx6 are connected in series with the fully-controlled IGBT switches Sx2 and Sx3 in parallel. Each fully-controlled IGBT switch has an anti-parallel diode on it, respectively. For D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6;
从P状态到OU1、OU2及OL1、OL2状态时，OU1、OU2、OL1、OL2为O状态有四种冗余状态，即就是零状态的四种冗余状态，其损耗为：电压状态：P，电压、电流同向时：Sx1导通损耗、Sx2导通损耗，电压、电流反向时：D1导通损耗、D2导通损耗；电压状态：P到OU1，电压、电流同向时：Sx1关断损耗，电压、电流反向时：D1反向恢复损耗、Sx5开通损耗；电压状态：OU1到P，电压、电流同向时：D5反向恢复损耗、Sx1开通损耗，电压、电流反向时：Sx5关断损耗；电压状态：OU1，电压、电流同向时：D5、Sx2导通损耗，电压、电流反向时：D2、Sx5导通损耗；电压状态：P到OU2，电压、电流同向时：Sx1关断损耗，电压、电流反向时：D1反向恢复损耗、Sx5开通损耗；电压状态：OU2到P，电压、电流同向时：D5反向恢复损耗、Sx1开通损耗，电压、电流反向时：Sx5关断损耗；电压状态：OU2，电压、电流同向时：D5、Sx2导通损耗，电压、电流反向时：D2、Sx5导通损耗；电压状态：P到OL2，电压、电流同向时：Sx2关断损耗，电压、电流反向时：D2反向恢复损耗、Sx3开通损耗；电压状态：OL2到P，电压、电流同向时：D3反向恢复损耗、Sx2开通损耗，电压、电流反向时：Sx3关断损耗；电压状态：OL2，电压、电流同向时：D3、Sx6导通损耗，电压、电流反向时：D6、Sx3导通损耗；From the P state to the OU1, OU2 and OL1, OL2 states, OU1, OU2, OL1, OL2 are in the O state and there are four redundant states, that is, the four redundant states of the zero state, and the loss is: Voltage state: P , when voltage and current are in the same direction: Sx1 conduction loss, Sx2 conduction loss, when voltage and current are reversed: D1 conduction loss, D2 conduction loss; voltage state: P to OU1, when voltage and current are in the same direction: Sx1 Turn-off loss, when voltage and current are reversed: D1 reverse recovery loss, Sx5 turn-on loss; voltage state: OU1 to P, when voltage and current are in the same direction: D5 reverse recovery loss, Sx1 turn-on loss, voltage and current reverse When: Sx5 turn-off loss; voltage state: OU1, when voltage and current are in the same direction: D5, Sx2 conduction loss, when voltage and current are reversed: D2, Sx5 conduction loss; voltage state: P to OU2, voltage, current In the same direction: Sx1 turn-off loss, when the voltage and current are reversed: D1 reverse recovery loss, Sx5 turn-on loss; Voltage state: OU2 to P, when the voltage and current are in the same direction: D5 reverse recovery loss, Sx1 turn-on loss, When voltage and current are reversed: Sx5 turn-off loss; voltage state: OU2, when voltage and current are in the same direction: D5, Sx2 conduction loss, when voltage and current are reversed: D2, Sx5 conduction loss; voltage state: P to OL2, when voltage and current are in the same direction: Sx2 turn-off loss, when voltage and current are opposite: D2 reverse recovery loss, Sx3 turn-on loss; voltage state: OL2 to P, when voltage and current are in the same direction: D3 reverse recovery loss , Sx2 turn-on loss, when voltage and current are reversed: Sx3 turn-off loss; voltage state: OL2, when voltage and current are in the same direction: D3, Sx6 conduction loss, when voltage and current are reversed: D6, Sx3 conduction loss;
从N状态到OU1、OU2、OL1、OL2状态时，其损耗为：From the N state to the OU1, OU2, OL1, and OL2 states, the loss is:
电压状态：N，电压、电流同向时：D4、D3的导通损耗，电压、电流反向时：Sx3、Sx4导通损耗；电压状态：N到OU1，电压、电流同向时：D3反向恢复损耗、Sx2开通损耗，电压、电流反向时：Sx3关断损耗；电压状态：OU1到N，电压、电流同向时：Sx2关断损耗，电压、电流反向时：D2反向恢复损耗、Sx3开通损耗；电压状态：OU1，电压、电流同向时：D5、Sx2导通损耗，电压、电流反向时：D2、Sx5导通损耗；电压状态：N到OL1，电压、电流同向时：D4反向恢复损耗、Sx6开通损耗，电压、电流反向时：Sx4关断损耗；电压状态：OL1到N，电压、电流同向时：Sx6关断损耗，电压、电流反向时：D6反向恢复损耗、Sx4开通损耗；电压状态：OL1，电压、电流同向时：D3、Sx6导通损耗，电压、电流反向时：D6、Sx3导通损耗；电压状态：N到OL2，电压、电流同向时：D4反向恢复损耗、Sx6开通损耗，电压、电流反向时：Sx4关断损耗；电压状态：OL2到N，电压、电流同向时：Sx6关断损耗，电压、电流反向时：D6反向恢复损耗、Sx4开通损耗；电压状态：OL2，电压、电流同向时：D3、Sx6导通损耗，电压、电流反向时：D6、Sx3导通损耗；Voltage state: N, when the voltage and current are in the same direction: the conduction loss of D4 and D3, when the voltage and current are reversed: the conduction loss of Sx3 and Sx4; the voltage state: N to OU1, when the voltage and current are in the same direction: D3 is reversed Toward recovery loss, Sx2 turn-on loss, when voltage and current are reversed: Sx3 turn-off loss; voltage state: OU1 to N, when voltage and current are in the same direction: Sx2 turn-off loss, when voltage and current are reversed: D2 reverse recovery Loss, Sx3 turn-on loss; voltage state: OU1, when voltage and current are in the same direction: D5, Sx2 conduction loss, when voltage and current are reversed: D2, Sx5 conduction loss; voltage state: N to OL1, voltage and current are the same Direction: D4 reverse recovery loss, Sx6 turn-on loss, when voltage and current are reversed: Sx4 turn-off loss; Voltage state: OL1 to N, when voltage and current are in the same direction: Sx6 turn-off loss, when voltage and current are reversed : D6 reverse recovery loss, Sx4 turn-on loss; voltage state: OL1, when voltage and current are in the same direction: D3, Sx6 conduction loss, when voltage and current are reversed: D6, Sx3 conduction loss; voltage state: N to OL2 , when voltage and current are in the same direction: D4 reverse recovery loss, Sx6 turn-on loss, when voltage and current are reversed: Sx4 turn-off loss; voltage state: OL2 to N, when voltage and current are in the same direction: Sx6 turn-off loss, voltage , When the current is reversed: D6 reverse recovery loss, Sx4 turn-on loss; voltage state: OL2, when the voltage and current are in the same direction: D3, Sx6 conduction loss, when the voltage and current are reversed: D6, Sx3 conduction loss;
依据输出电压电平状态，负载电流方向与状态转化前后顺序存在以下情况，其中，P+表示：输出电平为P，电流方向为“+”；N-表示：输出电平为N，电流方向为“-”，混合状态情况如下：According to the state of the output voltage level, the load current direction and the sequence before and after the state transition exist in the following situations. Among them, P+ means: the output level is P, and the current direction is "+"; N- means: the output level is N, and the current direction is "-", the mixed state is as follows:
P+到OU1-存在Sx1关断损耗、Sx5开通损耗；OU1-到P+存在Sx1开通损耗、Sx5关断损耗；P-到OU1+存在D1反向恢复损耗；OU1+到P-存在D5反向恢复损耗；P+到OL2-存在Sx2关断损耗、Sx3开通损耗；OL2-到P+存在Sx2开通损耗、Sx3关断损耗；P-到OL2+存在D2反向恢复损耗；OL2+到P-存在D3反向恢复损耗；N+到OU1-存在D3反向恢复损耗；OU1-到N+存在D2反向恢复损耗；N-到OU1+存在Sx2开通损耗、Sx3关断损耗；OU1+到N-存在Sx2关断损耗、Sx3开通损耗；N+到OL1-存在D4反向恢复损耗；OL1-到N+存在D6反向恢复损耗；N-到OL1+存在Sx4关断损耗、Sx6开通损耗；OL1+到N-存在Sx4开通损耗、Sx6关断损耗；P+ to OU1- has Sx1 turn-off loss, Sx5 turn-on loss; OU1- to P+ has Sx1 turn-on loss, Sx5 turn-off loss; P- to OU1+ has D1 reverse recovery loss; OU1+ to P- has D5 reverse recovery loss; There are Sx2 turn-off loss and Sx3 turn-on loss from P+ to OL2-; Sx2 turn-on loss and Sx3 turn-off loss exist from OL2- to P+; D2 reverse recovery loss exists from P- to OL2+; D3 reverse recovery loss exists from OL2+ to P-; D3 reverse recovery loss exists from N+ to OU1-; D2 reverse recovery loss exists from OU1- to N+; Sx2 turn-on loss and Sx3 turn-off loss exist from N- to OU1+; Sx2 turn-off loss and Sx3 turn-on loss exist from OU1+ to N-; D4 reverse recovery loss exists from N+ to OL1-; D6 reverse recovery loss exists from OL1- to N+; Sx4 turn-off loss and Sx6 turn-on loss exist from N- to OL1+; Sx4 turn-on loss and Sx6 turn-off loss exist from OL1+ to N-;
步骤3.3，根据步骤3.2的分析结果提出损耗平衡策略，体为：Step 3.3, according to the analysis result of step 3.2, propose a wear leveling strategy, which is as follows:
步骤3.3.1，设调制度为
第一层：m＝0.5，包括A扇区中的1、2小区；第二层：1＞m>0.5，包括A扇区中的3、4、5、6小区；第三层；m＝1，包括A扇区中的5、6小区；其他B-F小区与A扇区划分相同；The first layer: m=0.5, including
步骤3.3.2，根据划分层次提出损耗平衡策略Step 3.3.2, propose a wear leveling strategy according to the division level
按照上述进行分层，第一层作为一类、第二层作为一类；Layer according to the above, with the first layer as a class and the second layer as a class;
第一层m＝0.5，β轴右侧处于P，O状态；左侧则处于N，O状态；若以纵轴右侧扇区为起点，左右对称，在左侧扫过对称区域可以实现平衡；The first layer m=0.5, the right side of the β axis is in the P, O state; the left side is in the N, O state; if the right sector of the vertical axis is used as the starting point, the left and right are symmetrical, and the balance can be achieved by sweeping the symmetrical area on the left side ;
第二层即1>m>0.5，β轴右侧处于P，O状态；左侧则处于N，O状态；The second layer is 1>m>0.5, the right side of the β axis is in the P, O state; the left side is in the N, O state;
若以纵轴右侧扇区为起点，左右对称，在左侧扫过对称区域可以实现平衡；If the right sector of the vertical axis is taken as the starting point, the left and right are symmetrical, and the balance can be achieved by sweeping the symmetrical area on the left;
若以E扇区或左侧扇区为起点，此时，至少应以调制周期整数倍实现；If the E sector or the left sector is used as the starting point, at least it should be realized by an integer multiple of the modulation period;
根据分析P到O，N到O状态选择可得：According to the analysis of P to O, N to O state selection can be obtained:
第一种选择以β轴为分界线；第二种选择以α，β双轴为分界线；第三种选择以六个扇区为总体，且观察矢量分布图，任意电压矢量经过180°对称，说明PPN经过180°旋转得NNP；The first option takes the β axis as the dividing line; the second option takes the α and β axes as the dividing line; the third option takes the six sectors as the whole, and observe the vector distribution diagram, any voltage vector is symmetric through 180° , indicating that PPN is rotated by 180° to obtain NNP;
因此得到：So get:
扇区A与D扫过区域相同；扇区B与E扫过区域相同；扇区C与F扫过区域相同，则扫过区域相同的扇区采用同种换流方式；Sector A and D sweep the same area; sector B and E sweep the same area; sector C and F sweep the same area, then the same commutation method is used for the sectors that sweep the same area;
每个扇区中小区3、4、5、6关于横坐标存在对称关系，即正三角与倒三角对称；
步骤3.3.3，根据调制度m灵活选择工作模式，m＝0.5、1＞m>0.5、m＝1，分别对应三种模式：Step 3.3.3, select the working mode flexibly according to the modulation degree m, m=0.5, 1>m>0.5, m=1, corresponding to three modes:
模式一：β轴为分界线，左右侧零状态分别在OU1、OL2中选择，具体为：Mode 1: The β axis is the dividing line, and the left and right zero states are selected from OU1 and OL2 respectively, specifically:
A扇区：左右侧零状态分别选择：OU1和不选择；B扇区：左右侧零状态分别选择：OU1和OL2；C扇区：左右侧零状态分别选择：OL2和不选择；D扇区：左右侧零状态分别选择：OL2和不选择；E扇区：左右侧零状态分别选择：OL2和OU1；F扇区：左右侧零状态分别选择：OU1和不选择；A sector: the left and right zero states are selected respectively: OU1 and not selected; B sector: the left and right zero states are selected respectively: OU1 and OL2; C sector: the left and right zero states are selected respectively: OL2 and not selected; D sector : Left and right zero states are selected respectively: OL2 and not selected; E sector: left and right zero states are selected respectively: OL2 and OU1; F sector: left and right zero states are selected respectively: OU1 and not selected;
模式二：在模式一基础之上B、E扇区零状态分别替换为OL2、OU1，其余不变，具体为：Mode 2: On the basis of
B扇区：左右侧零状态分别选择：OL2和OL2；E扇区：左右侧零状态分别选择：OU1和OU1；Sector B: select the left and right zero states: OL2 and OL2; E sector: select the left and right zero states: OU1 and OU1;
模式三：在模式一基础之上A、C、D、F扇区零状态分别替换为OL2，OU1，OU1，OL2，其余不变，具体为：Mode 3: On the basis of
A扇区：左右侧零状态分别选择：OL2和不选择；C扇区：左右侧零状态分别选择：OU1和不选择；D扇区：左右侧零状态分别选择：OU1和不选择；F扇区：左右侧零状态分别选择：OL2和不选择。A sector: the left and right zero states are selected respectively: OL2 and not selected; C sector: the left and right zero states are selected respectively: OU1 and not selected; D sector: the left and right zero states are selected respectively: OU1 and not selected; F sector Area: Left and right zero states are selected respectively: OL2 and not selected.
实施例：Example:
如图1所示给出了本发明中有源钳位型三电平变流器的原理图，包括三相交流部分(若为三电平逆变器结构，则三相交流部分为负载)、三电平直流侧外接部分(若为三电平逆变器结构，则直流侧外接部分为直流电压源，该直流源可为实际电源，也可为通过交流电源整流得到的直流源；)、三电平ANPC变流器主电路部分、电压传感器、电流传感器、A/D转换芯片和数字处理器，其中，电压传感器检测三相交流部分电压和直流侧各电容电压、电流传感器检测交流侧各相电流，电压传感器和电流传感器通过A/D转换芯片与数字处理器连接，数字处理器与通过相应的驱动电路控制三电平变流器中各功率器件的开关。As shown in Figure 1, the schematic diagram of the active clamp three-level converter in the present invention is given, including a three-phase AC part (if it is a three-level inverter structure, the three-phase AC part is the load) , Three-level DC side external part (if it is a three-level inverter structure, the DC side external part is a DC voltage source, which can be an actual power supply or a DC source obtained by rectifying an AC power supply;) , The main circuit part of the three-level ANPC converter, the voltage sensor, the current sensor, the A/D conversion chip and the digital processor, wherein the voltage sensor detects the voltage of the three-phase AC part and the voltage of each capacitor on the DC side, and the current sensor detects the AC side Each phase current, voltage sensor and current sensor are connected with the digital processor through the A/D conversion chip, and the digital processor controls the switch of each power device in the three-level converter through the corresponding driving circuit.
本发明一种新型三电平ANPC变流器的损耗平衡控制策略按照如下步骤实施：The loss balance control strategy of a novel three-level ANPC converter of the present invention is implemented according to the following steps:
步骤1，根据载波脉冲宽度调制方法，得到三相调制波，然后通过空间矢量脉冲宽度调制策略，求解并输出a、b和c三相开关状态及其各自作用时间；具体为：Step 1: According to the carrier pulse width modulation method, a three-phase modulated wave is obtained, and then the space vector pulse width modulation strategy is used to solve and output the three-phase switching states of a, b and c and their respective action times; specifically:
步骤1.1，根据载波脉冲宽度调制方法，得到三相调制波表达式：Step 1.1, according to the carrier pulse width modulation method, the three-phase modulation wave expression is obtained:
其中，Um为三相相电压的幅值，Ua、Ub和Uc分别为对应三相a、b和c的相电压，ω为a、b、c三相相电压的角频率；Among them, U m is the amplitude of the three-phase phase voltage, U a , U b and U c are the phase voltages corresponding to the three-phase a, b and c, respectively, and ω is the angular frequency of the three-phase phase voltages of a, b, and c;
步骤1.2，通过步骤1.1得到的三相调制波合成参考电压矢量公式：Step 1.2, through the three-phase modulation wave synthesis reference voltage vector formula obtained in step 1.1:
其中，
步骤1.3，将逆变器拓扑中27种不同开关组合分别组成三种不同开关状态，并对27种开关组合和基本电压矢量进行分类；具体为：In step 1.3, 27 different switch combinations in the inverter topology are formed into three different switch states, and the 27 switch combinations and basic voltage vectors are classified; the details are:
步骤1.3.1，根据三电平ANPC变流器的拓扑结构，定义其开关函数为：Step 1.3.1, according to the topology of the three-level ANPC converter, define its switching function as:
其中，Tx表示第x相输出，x＝a或b或c，1表示P，0表示O，-1表示N，因此，三相开关组合共有33＝27种组合，则得到三电平ANPC变流器的空间矢量Sk为：Among them, T x represents the xth phase output, x=a or b or c, 1 represents P, 0 represents O, and -1 represents N, therefore, there are 3 3 =27 combinations of three-phase switch combinations, and three-level switch combinations are obtained. The space vector Sk of the ANPC converter is:
其中，UDC表示直流侧的输入电压；Among them, U DC represents the input voltage of the DC side;
步骤1.3.2将三相正弦电压采用坐标变换等效变换至α-β静止坐标系中，将步骤1.2中的参考电压矢量Vref在α-β静止坐标系进行分解，根据参考电压矢量Vref与α轴的夹角进行A-F共6个大扇区以及每个大扇区对应的1-6共6个小区的判断，将电压矢量空间分布图以60度划分为6个扇区，同时每个扇区又划分为6个小区，根据上述得到角度判断扇区，利用各个小区分界在ɑ，β坐标中函数判断给定电压矢量所扫过区域；Step 1.3.2 The three-phase sinusoidal voltage is equivalently transformed into the α-β stationary coordinate system by coordinate transformation, and the reference voltage vector V ref in step 1.2 is decomposed in the α-β stationary coordinate system. According to the reference voltage vector V ref The angle between the α axis and the 6 large sectors of AF and 1-6 corresponding to each large sector are judged, and the voltage vector space distribution map is divided into 6 sectors at 60 degrees. Each sector is divided into 6 cells, according to the obtained angle to determine the sector, use the function of each cell boundary in the ɑ, β coordinates to determine the area swept by the given voltage vector;
1)大扇区的判断1) Judgment of large sectors
以正六边形中心为中点，逆时针方向，每60°化为一扇区，将360°化为六扇区依次为扇区A、B、C、D、E、F。仿真时利用α-β静止坐标系中横，纵坐标经过转化为角度进行判断。Taking the center of the regular hexagon as the midpoint, in a counterclockwise direction, every 60° is transformed into a sector, and 360° is transformed into six sectors, which are sectors A, B, C, D, E, F in turn. In the simulation, the horizontal and vertical coordinates in the α-β static coordinate system are converted into angles for judgment.
2)小扇区的判断2) Judgment of small sectors
如图3所示，以A扇区为例进行说明，将扇区划分为六个小区，Vref分别投影于横纵坐标得到Uα和Uβ，设：As shown in Figure 3, taking sector A as an example for illustration, the sector is divided into six cells, and V ref is projected on the horizontal and vertical coordinates to obtain U α and U β , set:
Uα＝cosθ，Uβ＝sinθ； (10)U α =cosθ, U β =sinθ; (10)
当
则Vref处于小区1；Then Vref is in
则处于小区5；否则处于小区3；Then it is in
当
则Vref处于小区2；Then Vref is in
则处于小区6；否则处于小区4；Then it is in
对27种开关组合和基本电压矢量进行分类，如表1所示：The 27 switch combinations and basic voltage vectors are classified as shown in Table 1:
表1Table 1
步骤1.4，根据伏秒平衡将参考电压矢量带入分别求解出各个选取电压矢量的作用时间；具体为：Step 1.4, according to the volt-second balance, the reference voltage vector is brought into the reference voltage vector, and the action time of each selected voltage vector is solved separately; specifically:
设合成参考电压矢量Vref的三个空间矢量U1、U2、U3的作用时间分别对应为T1、T2、T3，Ts为固定开关周期，由伏秒平衡原则可得：Assume that the action times of the three space vectors U 1 , U 2 , and U 3 of the synthetic reference voltage vector V ref correspond to T 1 , T 2 , and T 3 respectively, and T s is the fixed switching period, which can be obtained from the volt-second balance principle:
T1×U1+T2×U2+T3×U3＝Ts×Vref (5)T 1 ×U 1 +T 2 ×U 2 +T 3 ×U 3 =T s ×V ref (5)
T1+T2+T3＝Ts (6)T 1 +T 2 +T 3 =T s (6)
分别求解出各个选取电压矢量作用时间T1、T2、T3；Solve the action time T 1 , T 2 , T 3 of each selected voltage vector respectively;
A扇区1小区，三个空间矢量U1、U2、U3分别为：A
根据公式(5)得出：According to formula (5), we get:
将公式(8)和公式(6)按照欧拉公式展开，分为实部和虚部解得：Expand formula (8) and formula (6) according to Euler's formula and divide them into real part and imaginary part to solve:
结合A扇区基本矢量选择，如表2所示，求解出各个小区相应基本矢量作用时间：Combined with the selection of the basic vector of sector A, as shown in Table 2, the corresponding basic vector action time of each cell is solved:
表2Table 2
表3A扇区基本矢量作用时间Table 3A Sector Basic Vector Action Time
步骤2，采用七段式发波并计算各区导通时间，对三电平ANPC变流器进行换流控制；
将P，O，N分别表示为2，1，0表示其相应的状态，根据前面步骤求得给定电压矢量位置信息，每处位置选取基本矢量信息以及作用时间信息从而选择出具体开关组合，以A扇区为例，如表4所示：Denote P, O, and N as 2, 1, and 0, respectively, to indicate their corresponding states, obtain the position information of the given voltage vector according to the previous steps, and select the basic vector information and action time information for each position to select the specific switch combination, Take sector A as an example, as shown in Table 4:
表4A扇区开关组合状态Table 4A Sector Switch Combination Status
步骤2.1采用七段式发波将选择的基本矢量作用时间分配给对应矢量，将基本电压矢量作用时间加载成七段式发送的波形，根据前给定电压矢量位置信息、每处位置选取基本矢量信息以及作用时间信息从而选择出具体开关组合，将周期Ts划分为七段排序①至⑦分别为：①：T1/4；②：T2/2；③：T3/2；④：T1/2；⑤：T3/2；⑥：T2/2；⑦：T1/4；如图4所示：Step 2.1 Use the seven-segment wave to assign the selected basic vector action time to the corresponding vector, load the basic voltage vector action time into the seven-segment sent waveform, select the basic vector information and The action time information is used to select a specific switch combination, and the cycle Ts is divided into seven segments. ① to ⑦ are: ①: T 1 /4; ②: T 2 /2; ③: T 3 /2; ④: T 1 / 2; ⑤: T 3 /2; ⑥: T 2 /2; ⑦: T 1 /4; as shown in Figure 4:
以a相为例进行说明，计算每周期Ts内P，O，N三者占据(导通)时间，如下表5所示；Taking phase a as an example to illustrate, calculate the occupied (on) time of P, O, and N in each cycle T s , as shown in Table 5 below;
表5各区导通时间Table 5 Turn-on time of each area
A扇区：Sector A:
B扇区：Sector B:
C扇区：C sector:
D扇区：D sector:
E扇区：E sector:
F扇区：F sector:
步骤3分析计算各个状态导通损耗，并提出变流器的损耗平衡策略。Step 3: Analyze and calculate the conduction loss of each state, and propose a loss balance strategy of the converter.
步骤3.1其中IGBT在某些方面存在损耗，体现在：In step 3.1, the IGBT has losses in some aspects, which are reflected in:
(1)IGBT处于导通状态时，内部存在阻抗消耗电能，产生导通损耗；(1) When the IGBT is in the on state, there is an internal resistance that consumes power, resulting in conduction loss;
(2)IGBT处于开关过程中，开通和关断消耗电能即Eon，Eoff，产生开关损耗；(2) The IGBT is in the switching process, and the power consumption is E on and E off when it is turned on and off, resulting in switching loss;
则IGBT总损耗＝导通损耗+开通损耗+关断损耗；Then the total loss of IGBT = conduction loss + turn-on loss + turn-off loss;
续流二极管同样存在损耗，体现在：The freewheeling diode also has losses, which are reflected in:
(1)二极管处在正向导通即(续流)时，产生导通损耗；(2)二极管处在反向恢复过程时，产生反向恢复损耗即Erec，则续流二极管损耗＝导通损耗+反向恢复损耗；(1) When the diode is in forward conduction (freewheeling), conduction loss occurs; (2) When the diode is in the reverse recovery process, reverse recovery loss (E rec ) occurs, then the freewheeling diode loss = conduction loss + reverse recovery loss;
Eon，Eoff，Erec可根据功率开关管的数据手册上查找或者推算。E on , E off , and E rec can be searched or calculated according to the data sheet of the power switch tube.
步骤3.2换流损耗分析，以SVPWM控制策略为前提，以a相为例，Step 3.2 Analysis of the commutation loss, taking the SVPWM control strategy as the premise, taking the a phase as an example,
从P状态到OU1、OU2及OL1、OL2状态时，其损耗分布如表6所示From the P state to the OU1, OU2 and OL1, OL2 states, the loss distribution is shown in Table 6
表6不同状态之间开关损耗Table 6 Switching losses between different states
从N状态到OU1，OU2及OL1，OL2状态时，其损耗分布如表7所示：From the N state to the OU1, OU2 and OL1, OL2 states, the loss distribution is shown in Table 7:
表7不同状态之间开关损耗Table 7 Switching losses between different states
依据输出电压电平状态，负载电流方向与状态转化前后顺序存在以下情况：According to the output voltage level state, the load current direction and state transition sequence are as follows:
P+表示：输出电平为P，电流方向为“+”，即输出；N-表示：输出电平为N，电流方向为“-”。混合状态情况如下表，共包含16种(不同电平状态与电流方向转化前后不同)P+ means: the output level is P, and the current direction is "+", that is, output; N- means: the output level is N, and the current direction is "-". The mixed state is as follows, including 16 kinds in total (different level states and current directions are different before and after conversion)
表8不同状态之间开关损耗Table 8 Switching losses between different states
表9不同状态之间开关损耗Table 9 Switching losses between different states
步骤3.3提出损耗平衡策略，依据损耗平衡策略使换流过程中产生的损耗达到平衡Step 3.3 propose a loss balance strategy, according to the loss balance strategy to balance the losses generated in the commutation process
步骤3.3.1根据调制度划分扇区层次Step 3.3.1 Divide the sector hierarchy according to the modulation degree
(1)为了避免输出电压矢量发生错乱，降低输出电压波形畸变概率，减少开关损耗，一般情况电压矢量遵循一定的排列序列作用于主电路。(1) In order to avoid the disorder of the output voltage vector, reduce the distortion probability of the output voltage waveform, and reduce the switching loss, in general, the voltage vector acts on the main circuit according to a certain arrangement sequence.
(2)当出现P到O到N状态变换时，由于O状态有四种冗余状态，即多种选择方式，为了降低开关损耗，应当P到O，O到N状态变换中间O状态选择相同O状态。若P到OU1，OU2到N，则中间过程存在OU1到OU2之间转化，增加开关损耗，应当避免此种情况发生。因此，有如下划分：(2) When the P to O to N state transition occurs, since the O state has four redundant states, that is, multiple selection methods, in order to reduce the switching loss, the P to O, O to N state transition should be the same as the O state in the middle of the transition O state. If P goes to OU1 and OU2 goes to N, there is a transition between OU1 and OU2 in the intermediate process, which increases the switching loss. This situation should be avoided. Therefore, there are the following divisions:
设调制度为
步骤3.3.2根据划分层次提出损耗平衡策略Step 3.3.2 Propose a wear leveling strategy according to the division level
第一层m＝0.5；由图6可得：β轴右侧处于P，O状态；左侧则处于N，O状态；若以纵轴右侧扇区为起点，左右对称，在左侧扫过对称区域可以实现平衡；The first layer m=0.5; it can be seen from Figure 6 that the right side of the β axis is in the P, O state; the left side is in the N, O state; Balance can be achieved by over-symmetrical regions;
第二层即1>m≥0.5；根据对图6观察：β轴右侧处于P，O状态；左侧则处于N，O状态；1)若以纵轴右侧扇区为起点，左右对称，在左侧扫过对称区域可以实现平衡；2)若以E扇区或左侧扇区为起点，此时，至少应以调制周期整数倍实现；The second layer is 1>m≥0.5; according to the observation of Figure 6: the right side of the β axis is in the P, O state; the left side is in the N, O state; 1) If the right sector of the vertical axis is taken as the starting point, the left and right are symmetrical , the balance can be achieved by sweeping the symmetrical area on the left; 2) If the E sector or the left sector is used as the starting point, at this time, it should be achieved at least by an integer multiple of the modulation period;
根据分析P到O，N到O状态选择：第一种选择以β轴为分界线如图6(a)所示，第二种选择以α，β双轴为分界线如图6(b)所示，第三种选择以六个扇区为总体，且观察矢量分布图，任意电压矢量经过180°对称。说明：PPN经过180°旋转得NNP如图6(c)所示。According to the analysis of P to O, N to O state selection: the first option takes the β axis as the dividing line as shown in Figure 6(a), and the second option uses the α, β dual axes as the dividing line as shown in Figure 6(b) As shown, the third option takes six sectors as a whole, and observing the vector distribution diagram, any voltage vector is symmetric through 180°. Explanation: PPN is rotated by 180° to obtain NNP as shown in Fig. 6(c).
因此得到如下规律:Hence the following rules are obtained:
(1)扇区1与4扫过区域相同；扇区2与5扫过区域相同；扇区3与6扫过区域相同，则扫过区域相同的扇区采用同种换流方式；(2)应注意扫过小区个数影响损耗平衡控制；(3)每个扇区中小区3，4，5，6关于横坐标存在对称关系，即正三角与倒三角对称(O状态)，具体详见下表：(1)
表10正三角与倒三角对称(O状态)Table 10 Symmetry of right triangle and inverted triangle (O state)
步骤3.3.3根据调制度m灵活选择工作模式。Step 3.3.3 Select the working mode flexibly according to the modulation degree m.
模式一：β轴为分界线，左右侧零状态分别选择OU1，OL2，如下：Mode 1: The β axis is the dividing line, and OU1 and OL2 are selected for the left and right zero states, as follows:
表11模式一Table 11 Mode one
注：B，E扇区β轴左右侧零状态分别为OL2，OU1。Note: The zero states on the left and right sides of the β-axis of sectors B and E are OL2 and OU1, respectively.
模式二：在模式一基础之上B、E扇区零状态分别替换为OL2，OU1.。Mode 2: On the basis of
如下：as follows:
表12模式二Table 12 Mode two
模式三：在模式一基础之上A、C、D、F扇区零状态分别替换为OL2，OU1，OU1，OL2。如下Mode 3: On the basis of
表13模式三Table 13 Mode three
图7和图8分别为当调制度m为0.65时未加入损耗平衡策略和加入损耗平衡策略的开关器件损耗图，图9和图10分别为当调制度m为0.80是未加入损耗平衡策略和加入损耗平衡策略的开关器件损耗图。从仿真结果可以看出，存在一定误差，其中仿真条件中忽略其他因素的影响，相比较平衡之前的损耗，一个调制周期，分布较均匀。三电平ANPC逆变器在拓扑结构上，为功率器件损耗平衡提供更大的可以。Figures 7 and 8 are the loss diagrams of switching devices without the loss-balancing strategy and adding the loss-balancing strategy when the modulation factor m is 0.65, respectively, and Figures 9 and 10 are when the modulation factor m is 0.80. Switching device loss graph with loss-leveling strategy added. It can be seen from the simulation results that there is a certain error, and the influence of other factors is ignored in the simulation conditions. Compared with the loss before the balance, the distribution of one modulation period is relatively uniform. The topology of the three-level ANPC inverter provides greater possibilities for power device loss balance.
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