CN111308724A - Long-focus light-generating nanometer light pipe generation method based on radial polarized light - Google Patents
Long-focus light-generating nanometer light pipe generation method based on radial polarized light Download PDFInfo
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 12
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- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 3
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- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for generating a long-focus light-generating nanometer light pipe based on radial polarized light. The polarizer adjusts the expanded light beams into horizontally polarized linear polarized light, and then the linearly polarized light passes through the radial deflection converter to generate radial polarized light. The combination of the cone lens and the lens shapes the light beam to finally generate an annular light beam at the focal plane of the lens, and the spiral phase plate is placed at the focal length of the lens to regulate and control the phase of the annular light beam. A4 f system is formed by the lens group, so that the regulated and controlled light spots can be transmitted to the entrance pupil of the microscope objective without loss, and finally the microscope objective is used for focusing to generate the nanometer light pipe with the long focal depth.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of micro-nano optics, and particularly relates to a method for generating a long-focus deep nano light tube based on radial polarized light
Background
In recent years, hollow beams or hollow light tubes with long focal depth characteristics have been widely used as tools in the fields of laser catheters, cold atom trapping, generation of higher harmonics, optical tweezers, optical wrenches, and the like. When combined with a nano-optic needle, the phase plate can also be used for double-beam super-resolution imaging, optical lithography and high-density data storage, and Khonina reported a continuous phase focuser which uses an iterative calculation method to generate a hollow light tube as early as 1993, but the continuous phase plate has the problem of difficult preparation. In 2000, a scheme based on a binary phase type diffraction optical element is proposed to produce hollow nano light tubes, so that the production of the nano light tubes is easier. There are several methods available to produce nano-optic needles or hollow nano-light tubes. The ideal nanometer light pipe needs to have the characteristics of small transverse size and long diffraction-free propagation distance. While some microstructured diffractive optical elements are capable of producing transverse sub-wavelength sized pin-shaped or hollow beams, they are designed for linearly polarized incident beams, and superoscillatory lenses provide an efficient method for hollow beam generation, such that upon incidence of circularly or elliptically polarized light, hollow beams with sub-wavelength resolution and long longitudinal intensity distribution are produced.
In addition to research on light fields with uniformly distributed polarization states such as linear polarization light, elliptical polarization light, circular polarization light and the like to generate nano-light needles and hollow nano-light tubes, radial polarization light and angular polarization light with the characteristic of non-uniform distribution of the polarization states of the light fields also attract attention of people. Due to the special electric field distribution, the radial polarized light can generate a nanometer light needle with short focal depth after being focused by the high numerical aperture lens, and the angular polarized light can generate an annular nanometer light tube with short focal depth. When the phase modulation element with special design is adopted for regulation and control, the nano light needle and the hollow nano light tube with high resolution and long focal depth characteristics are respectively formed. When studying how to adopt the radial polarized light to generate the nano light needle with better effect, people also think about the scheme of using the radial polarized light to replace the angular polarized light to generate the nano light tube.
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for producing a nano light tube with a long focal depth based on radial polarized light, which can make the focused nano light tube have a focal depth of micron length while having a sub-wavelength resolution by using a cone lens and a spiral phase plate.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a long-focus light-generating nanometer light pipe generating method based on radial polarized light is characterized in that an implementation system of the method comprises a beam expander, a polarizer, a diaphragm, a radial polarization converter, a conical lens, a spiral phase plate, a lens group and a high-numerical-aperture microscope objective which are sequentially arranged along the optical axis direction of a laser. The polarizer adjusts the expanded light beams into horizontally polarized linear polarized light, and then the linearly polarized light passes through the radial deflection converter to generate radial polarized light. The combination of the cone lens and the lens is used for shaping the light beam, and finally an annular light beam is generated at the focal plane of the lens, and the spiral phase plate is placed at the focal length of the lens to regulate and control the phase of the annular light beam. A4 f system is formed by the lens group, so that the regulated and controlled light spots can be transmitted to the entrance pupil of the microscope objective without loss, and finally the microscope objective is used for focusing to generate the nanometer light pipe with the long focal depth.
Furthermore, the laser light source needs to be regulated into parallel light, and the size of the light spot is regulated by adopting a diaphragm.
Furthermore, the transmission axis of the polarizer needs to be the X axis to ensure that the radial polarized light is formed after passing through the radial polarization converter.
Further, the axicon lens is placed at the front focal plane of the lens, thereby forming an annular beam at the back focal plane of the lens.
Furthermore, the front focal plane of the first lens in the lens group coincides with the spiral phase plate, the front focal plane of the second lens coincides with the back focal plane of the first lens, and the entrance pupil of the microscope objective coincides with the front focal plane of the second lens.
Furthermore, the numerical aperture of the microscope objective lens is more than 0.8, so that the focusing condition is tight focusing.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention overcomes the limitation that the traditional method adopts radial polarized light to generate a nanometer light needle and adopts angular polarized light to generate a nanometer light tube, generates the nanometer light tube with high resolution and long focal depth by regulating and controlling the light field of the radial polarized light, enriches the generation mode of the nanometer light tube and provides a new idea for the research in the field.
(2) The nano light tube produced by the invention has sub-wavelength resolution and focal depth more than 10 times wavelength, and can further change the resolution, focal depth and width of an optical channel by changing the parameters of the spiral phase plate structure and the conical lens, and has the characteristic of high degree of freedom of regulation and control.
Drawings
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for producing a nanotube based on radially polarized light;
FIG. 2 is an annular beam image produced by an axicon lens in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a structural diagram of a spiral phase plate designed in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows the result of the long-focus deep nano light tube designed by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and the detailed description. The scope of the invention is intended to include the full extent of the claims. The claims of the present invention can be fully realized by those skilled in the art by the following examples.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for generating a long-focus nanotube based on radial polarized light, and as shown in fig. 1, the method for generating a long-focus nanotube based on radial polarized light according to the present invention comprises the following steps:
firstly, collimating and expanding laser emitted by a 532nm laser to form parallel light.
And (2) adopting a polarizer with a light transmission axis as an X axis to enable the light beam to become horizontally vibrated linearly polarized light, and adopting a diaphragm to adjust the size of the light spot to 10 mm.
And (3) enabling the linearly polarized light obtained in the step (2) to pass through a radial polarization converter to obtain radial polarized light, and checking whether the emergent light beam is the radial polarized light, wherein the specific steps are as follows: the light beam passes through the analyzer, and for radial polarized light, the extinction phenomenon always occurs in the direction perpendicular to the light transmission axis of the analyzer along with the rotation of the analyzer.
And (4) generating annular light spots with the diameter of 6.65mm at the lens spacing by using a cone lens with the base angle of 1 degree and the diameter of 25.4mm and a Fourier transform lens with the focal length of 400mm, as shown in FIG. 2.
And (5) placing the spiral phase plate designed and obtained in the figure 3 at the back focal plane of the Fourier transform lens in the step (4) for phase regulation.
And (6) forming a 4f system by adopting two Fourier transform lenses with focal lengths of 300mm and 400mm respectively, wherein the first lens with the focal length of 300mm is 300mm away from the spiral phase plate in the step (5), and the second lens with the focal length of 400mm is 700mm away from the previous lens.
And (7) focusing the light field formed in the step 6) by using a microscope objective with the numerical aperture of 0.85, wherein the microscope objective is 400mm away from the lens so as to obtain the nano light tube with high resolution and long focal depth.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. A method for generating a long-focus nanometer light pipe based on radial polarized light is characterized by comprising the following steps: the implementation system of the method comprises a beam expander, a polarizer, a diaphragm, a radial polarization converter, a conical lens, a spiral phase plate, a lens group and a high numerical aperture microobjective which are sequentially arranged along the optical axis direction of the laser; the polarizer adjusts the expanded light beams into horizontally polarized linear polarized light, and then the linearly polarized light passes through the radial deflection converter to generate radial polarized light; the combination of the cone lens and the lens is used for shaping the light beam, and finally an annular light beam is generated at the focal plane of the lens, and the spiral phase plate is placed at the focal length of the lens to regulate and control the phase of the annular light beam; a4 f system is formed by the lens group, so that the regulated and controlled light spots can be transmitted to the entrance pupil of the microscope objective without loss, and finally the microscope objective is used for focusing to generate the nanometer light pipe with the long focal depth.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of generating the long-focus nano light tube based on the radial polarized light comprises: the light beam in the system needs to be regulated into parallel light.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of generating the long-focus nano light tube based on the radial polarized light comprises: the transmission axis of the polarizer needs to be the X axis so as to ensure that the radial polarized light is formed after passing through the radial polarization converter.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of generating the long-focus nano light tube based on the radial polarized light comprises: the axicon lens is placed at the front focal plane of the lens to form an annular beam at the back focal plane of the lens.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of generating the long-focus nano light tube based on the radial polarized light comprises: the front focal plane of the first lens in the lens group is superposed with the spiral phase plate, the front focal plane of the second lens is superposed with the back focal plane of the first lens, and the entrance pupil of the microscope objective is superposed with the front focal plane of the second lens.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of generating the long-focus nano light tube based on the radial polarized light comprises: the numerical aperture of the microscope objective is more than 0.8, so that the resolution of a focused light spot is ensured.
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| CN201911173975.3A CN111308724A (en) | 2019-11-26 | 2019-11-26 | Long-focus light-generating nanometer light pipe generation method based on radial polarized light |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112286015A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-01-29 | 之江实验室 | Two-photon laser printing device based on columnar vector polarized light beam modulation |
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