CN111307866B - Grain condensation critical parameter judgment method - Google Patents
Grain condensation critical parameter judgment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111307866B CN111307866B CN202010203303.9A CN202010203303A CN111307866B CN 111307866 B CN111307866 B CN 111307866B CN 202010203303 A CN202010203303 A CN 202010203303A CN 111307866 B CN111307866 B CN 111307866B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/56—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating moisture content
- G01N25/66—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating moisture content by investigating dew-point
- G01N25/68—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating moisture content by investigating dew-point by varying the temperature of a condensing surface
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
Abstract
The invention discloses a grain condensation critical parameter determination method. The method comprises the steps of respectively judging dew critical parameters of grains by adopting an observation method and a numerical method, and then combining the two dew critical parameters obtained by the two methods to obtain the grain dew critical parameters; wherein the observation method comprises the following steps: sampling grains in the grain pile, observing the condition of liquid water in the grain sample, and taking the temperature, the relative humidity and the time detected by a temperature and humidity sensor near a sampling point as grain condensation critical parameters when the liquid water appears in the sample; numerical method: and (3) combining an enthalpy-humidity diagram principle and a grain pile condensation theory basis, making a relative humidity-time diagram and a relative humidity-temperature diagram, and finding out the temperature, the condensation relative humidity and the condensation time of grains during condensation. The invention provides reference for preventing dewing in the grain storage process, prevents the grain pile from heating and mildewing due to the high local moisture of the grain pile caused by the dewing, and has important significance for reducing grain loss and saving resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of grain storage, in particular to a grain condensation critical parameter judgment method.
Background
China is a big country for producing and consuming grains, and the grain reserve quantity is the first world. Huge grain storage has great storage potential safety hazard simultaneously, and the safe storage of grain is threatened to improper storage mode and external environment's change. The problems that the moisture and heat transfer of the grains is frequent, the condensation, the heating and the mildew are easy to occur, and the like exist in the grain storage process, the grain storage safety accidents can be caused in severe cases, and the huge loss is caused economically.
The condensation of the grain pile is frequently generated in alternate seasons, and the environmental factors with unstable climate easily cause large temperature difference in the grain pile, so that the moisture is transferred, and the partial condensation of the grain is caused. In the related research data, the formation reason, type, harm, prevention and treatment method and the like of the condensation of the grain are more involved, but the research on the critical parameter of the condensation of the grain storage is less, and the judgment and prevention of the condensation in the production practice cannot be guided because the time for the condensation to occur, the temperature and the relative humidity during the condensation are not judged by a specific method. Therefore, a reliable and practical method for determining the critical parameter of the grain condensation is urgently needed. The method realizes the prediction of the dewing time of the grain pile and the determination of the dewing critical parameters according to the basic grain situation of the grain pile, namely the temperature, the relative humidity and other variables, guides the prevention of the dewing phenomenon in time and reduces the grain loss.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for judging a grain condensation critical parameter aiming at the defects of the prior art. According to the enthalpy-humidity diagram principle and the grain pile condensation theory, the critical parameters of grain condensation are found by combining an observation method and a numerical analysis method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a grain dewing critical parameter judgment method comprises the following steps:
s1, loading grains into an experimental simulation bin, reasonably arranging a temperature and humidity sensor in the simulation bin, connecting a cold air cavity and a hot air cavity of the simulation bin with an intelligent temperature control cold and hot pump, and setting the temperature of the cold and hot pump to provide the required temperature difference for dewing of a grain pile;
s2, judging critical parameters of grain storage condensation by an observation method: reasonably arranging grain sampling points in the experimental simulation bin, sampling and observing once every 4h, checking whether the sample has liquid water, and recording the time t when the liquid water is observed1Position and temperature T of the position1And relative humidity RH1；
S3, determining critical parameters of grain storage condensation by a numerical method: reasonably arranging a temperature and humidity sensor in an experimental simulation bin, recording the internal temperature and relative humidity of a grain pile of the simulation bin once every 5min by a temperature and humidity detection system, automatically storing data into the temperature and humidity detection system, and analyzing the relation between the relative humidity of a grain condensation part and time and temperature by using a numerical method;
and S4, calculating the critical temperature T, the critical relative humidity RH and the critical time T when the grain pile is subjected to dewing.
Preferably, the specific analysis process of numerical method in S3 is as follows:
s31, making RH-t relation graph for the relative humidity and storage time of the grain at the dew part, judging the minimum value point of the relative humidity of the pore environment in the grain pile in the dew process by a numerical method, and recording the relative humidity RH corresponding to the minimum value point of the relative humidity2Temperature T2And time t2；
S32, making RH-T relation graph for relative humidity and temperature of grain at dew condensation part, determining grain dew condensation critical point by numerical method, wherein the relative humidity, temperature and time corresponding to the point are relative humidity RH when grain dew condensation occurs3Temperature T3And time t3。
Preferably, the minimum value point of the relative humidity of the pore environment inside the grain pile in the dew process in the step S31 is the lowest point of the RH-t relation graph.
Preferably, the first turning point of the RH-T relationship graph at the step S32 at which regular fluctuation occurs is the grain condensation critical point determined by the numerical method.
Preferably, the critical temperature T, the critical relative humidity RH and the critical time T in step S4 are calculated in a specific manner as follows:
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) the invention can carry out experiments in the experimental simulation bin to obtain theoretical data, thereby avoiding resource waste caused by experiments under the condition of real bins; (2)
in the actual grain storage process, workers can predict the dewing time of the grain pile through the theoretical parameters obtained by the method, prevent the dewing phenomenon in time and reduce the grain loss.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an experimental simulation chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a psychrometric chart of the condensation process for an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of RH-t of experimental first bin rice of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a RH-t plot of experimental second bin rice of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a RH-t plot of experimental third bin rice of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a RH-T plot of experimental first bin rice of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an RH-T plot of experimental second bin rice of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a RH-T plot of experimental rice in the third bin in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
The grain is a material with strong hygroscopicity, continuously absorbs moisture and desorbs with the environment, and keeps dynamic balance with the environment humidity. When the relative humidity of the environment where the grains are located is increased in a small range, the grains absorb water molecules in the environment to reduce the relative humidity of the environment, and the increasing speed of the relative humidity of the environment is smaller than the speed of reducing the relative humidity of the environment by the moisture absorption of the grains, so that the relative humidity of the environment where the grains are located is in a descending trend, and the relative humidity of the environment where the grains are located is maintained to be stable; along with the reduction of the moisture absorption capacity of the grain, when the relative humidity of the grain environment increases at a speed higher than the speed of reducing the relative humidity of the grain environment by the moisture absorption effect of the grain, the relative humidity of the grain environment is in a growing state, the relative humidity value which can be maintained by the grain is gradually broken, when the relative humidity of the environment increases to the critical relative humidity of the grain condensation, water molecules in the environment begin to form liquid water to appear on the surface of the grain, and the grain condition at the moment is called grain condensation.
After the grains are condensed, the moisture content of the grains at the condensation part is obviously higher than that of other parts, if the grains are not treated in time or the treatment method is improper, the enzyme activity of organisms in a grain pile is increased, the respiration is vigorous, particularly, the physiological metabolism of mould is stronger, a large amount of damp heat is released, the grain pile is heated, germinated, mildewed, rotted and deteriorated when the conditions are serious, the grain storage stability is seriously affected, and the part with the most serious grain storage stability is generally subjected to upper-layer condensation. Therefore, it is important to adopt a specific method to determine the time when the dew condensation occurs, the temperature at the time of the dew condensation, and the relative humidity, and to provide a guidance for the production practice.
In this embodiment, the rice is used as a research object, and the experiment is performed in a device capable of detecting the heat transfer law of the grain quality and the critical parameter of the grain condensation, that is, in the experiment simulation bin. Referring to fig. 1, the simulation chamber is a rectangular parallelepiped having an external dimension of 120cm long by 90cm wide by 110cm high and an internal dimension of 80cm long by 80cm wide by 100cm high; a cold air cavity 1 and a hot air cavity 2 with the width of 20cm are arranged between the inside and the outside of two bin walls with the length of 120cm, and an air inlet and an air outlet 5 are arranged on the outer wall surface of the hollow cavity and are used for being connected with a cold and hot pump machine, so that circulating cold and hot air flows exist in the hollow cavity, and a condensation temperature difference is provided for an experiment; the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface (except the hollow cavity) of the whole experiment simulation bin and the space between the double-layer bin covers are filled with heat insulation materials with the thickness of 5.0cm, so that the influence of the external environment on the experiment is reduced; the simulation cabin is also provided with a temperature and humidity sensor threading hole, a sampling hole 3 and a temperature monitoring hole 4. The experiment simulation bin is connected with an intelligent temperature control cold and hot pump machine and used for providing the temperature difference required by dewing of the grain pile, and a temperature and humidity sensor is inserted into the bin to record the temperature and humidity change inside the grain pile. The simulation bin, the intelligent temperature control cold and hot pump and the temperature and humidity detection system form an artificial condensation experiment platform.
The psychrometric chart is a comprehensive plot of multiple parameters of air, and is commonly used to study the relationship between air parameters. The dewing process of the grain pile can be represented as a change process of point A → point C (D) on the enthalpy diagram of figure 2, and the moisture absorption of the grain is taken into consideration. In the figure, H represents the moisture content, T represents the grain temperature, A point represents the minimum value point of the relative humidity of the grain stack in the condensation process, C point represents the condensation critical point, phi (X%) is the relative humidity of the pore environment of the grain stack in the condensation process, and D point represents the ideal condensation critical point. Because the moisture content of the air around the grains can be reduced along with the reduction of the ambient temperature, the relative humidity of the pores of the grain pile is reduced to the minimum value firstly and then gradually increased; from the point A, as the temperature of the grains is reduced, the moisture content is gradually reduced, the relative humidity is gradually increased, and the grains begin to dewfall when the point C (D) is reached. In the experimental data analysis, for grains at the dewing part, a relative humidity-time (RH-T) graph is used for finding out a minimum value point of the relative humidity of a grain stack in the dewing process, then a relative humidity-temperature (RH-T) graph is used for finding out a stage of rapid increase of the relative humidity of a pore environment along with the decrease of the temperature of the grain stack, namely point A → point C (D), when the relative humidity of the grain stack is increased to the point C (D), the grain stack starts to dewy, and the temperature, the relative humidity and the time of the point C (D) are recorded, namely grain dewing critical parameters.
The experimental method is as follows:
s1, loading the paddy with the water content of 14% into a simulation bin, reasonably arranging a temperature and humidity sensor in the simulation bin, connecting an intelligent temperature control cold and hot pump with the simulation bin, and setting the temperature of the cold and hot pump to provide the required temperature difference for the dewing of the paddy grain pile. Three groups of temperature differences are set in the experiment, the first group of temperature differences correspond to a first bin experiment, the second group of temperature differences correspond to a second bin experiment, the third group of temperature differences correspond to a third bin experiment, the experimental period of each bin is 120h, and the condition settings of the three bin experiments are shown in table 1.
Table 1 shows the parameters for the experimental conditions of the first, second and third bins of rice in this example
S2, judging critical parameters of the rice storage condensation by an observation method: reasonably arranging rice sampling points in an experiment simulation bin, sampling and observing once every 4h, checking whether the sample has liquid water, and recording the time t when the liquid water is observed1Position and temperature T of the position1And relative humidity RH1. When liquid water is observed, the rice is already condensed, so the grain condensation critical parameter obtained by the observation method is slightly lagged behind the actual condensation critical parameter. The critical parameters of the rice condensation obtained by the observation method are shown in table 2.
Table 2 shows the dew condensation critical parameters of the rice in the first bin, the second bin and the third bin obtained by the observation method in this example
S3, determining critical parameters of rice storage condensation by a numerical method: temperature and humidity sensors are reasonably arranged in the experiment simulation bin, the temperature and humidity detection system records the internal temperature and the relative humidity of the rice grain stack in the simulation bin every 5min, data are automatically stored in the temperature and humidity detection system, and the relation between the relative humidity of a rice dewing part and time and temperature is analyzed by using a numerical method.
According to a numerical method judgment principle, a relative humidity minimum point in a pore space in the dewing process is found from an RH-T diagram, and then a dewing critical point in the temperature reduction and relative humidity increase process is found from the RH-T diagram by combining the relative humidity minimum point.
S31, determining the minimum value point of the relative humidity of the internal pore environment of the rice grain stack in the condensation process by a numerical method
The relative humidity and storage time of the rice at the dew condensation part are plotted as RH-t. As shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, it can be seen from the RH-t relationship graph that the relative humidity of the pores of the grain bulk at the dewing part is decreased from 0h to 120h and then increased, and there is a minimum point of the relative humidity, and the minimum point is determined to be the minimum point of the relative humidity of the pore environment during the dewing process at the dewing part of the grain bulk according to a numerical method.
The temperature T of the minimum value point of the relative humidity of the pore environment in the dewing process of the dewing part of the rice grain stack obtained by a numerical method2Relative humidity RH2And time t2See table 3.
Table 3 shows the temperature, relative humidity and time at the minimum value of the relative humidity of the dew formation part of the rice tested in the first, second and third bins in this example
Analysis of the reason for the above trend of the RH-t relationship diagram: after the cold and hot pump is started, the paddy close to the low-temperature wall surface is affected by low temperature, the temperature of gas in the surrounding pores is reduced, the relative humidity of the gas in the pores is increased, the grain absorbs moisture of water molecules in the surrounding pores, the moisture absorption speed is high, the relative humidity of the gas in the pores is gradually reduced, and the lowest relative humidity is achieved. The grain moisture content is increased along with the increase of time, the moisture absorption capacity is gradually reduced, the speed of the grain moisture absorption for reducing the relative humidity of the gas in the pores is gradually lower than the relative humidity increase speed of the gas in the pores, the relative humidity of the gas in the pores starts to be gradually increased from a minimum value point, and finally the critical point of grain condensation is reached, and liquid water is accompanied.
S32, determining the dew condensation critical point of the rice according to the RH-T diagram by a numerical method
And (4) making an RH-T relation graph of the relative humidity and the temperature of the rice at the dewing part. As shown in fig. 6, 7 and 8, it can be seen from the graph of the relationship between RH and T that the relative humidity of the rice grain bulk at the dew condensation part gradually decreases with a decrease in temperature, reaches the minimum value point of the relative humidity, then starts to increase, and finally the relative humidity increases in a fluctuating manner at a constant temperature. According to the principle of an enthalpy-humidity diagram, starting from a minimum value point of relative humidity in pores of a grain pile, the relative humidity increases along with the temperature reduction, at the end of the stage, a first turning point when regular fluctuation occurs is a critical point of rice condensation judged by a numerical method, and the temperature T corresponding to the point is recorded3Relative humidity RH3And time t3。
The temperature, relative humidity and time at the time of condensation at the condensation part of the rice grain bulk obtained from the RH-T diagram in the numerical method are shown in Table 4.
Table 4 shows the condensation parameters corresponding to the condensation critical points of the experimental paddy in the first bin, the second bin and the third bin obtained by the numerical method in this embodiment
S4, calculating the critical parameter of the rice condensation by combining two judgment methods of an observation method and a numerical method:
the experimental results of the two determination methods are compared and analyzed, and the dew critical interval (from the dew parameter corresponding to the minimum relative humidity value point to the dew parameter corresponding to the critical point) determined by the theoretical numerical method is found to contain the dew critical point found by the observation method. The time corresponding to the minimum value point of the relative humidity in the numerical method, the time corresponding to the critical parameter in the observation method and the time of the critical point obtained by the numerical method are compared to obtain the time lag of the critical point compared with the time of the observation method, so that the situation that the dewing of the grain is already carried out before the judgment time of the critical point is judged, and the dewing of the grain pile is not carried out when the minimum value point of the relative humidity of the pore space of the grain pile is obtained is judged. Therefore, the range from the minimum value point of the relative humidity in the grain pile pore at the dewing part to the interval determined by an observation method can be determined, and the critical point parameter when the grain pile is dewed can be accurately found.
The critical temperature T, the critical relative humidity RH and the critical time T when the rice grain pile is subjected to condensation are obtained by processing the critical parameters obtained by the observation method and the critical parameters obtained by the minimum value point of the relative humidity by the numerical method as follows, and the obtained condensation critical state parameters are shown in a table 5. The treatment process comprises the following steps:
dew-critical temperature:
critical relative humidity of dew formation:
critical time of condensation:
table 5 shows the critical parameters of condensation of the rice in the first, second and third bins of this embodiment
The embodiments described above are intended to facilitate one of ordinary skill in the art in understanding and using the invention. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to the above-described embodiments may be made, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications to the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A grain condensation critical parameter judgment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, loading grains into an experiment simulation bin, reasonably arranging a temperature and humidity sensor in the simulation bin, connecting a cold air cavity and a hot air cavity of the simulation bin with an intelligent temperature control cold and hot pump, and setting the temperature of the cold and hot pump to provide a required temperature difference for dewing of grain piles;
s2, judging critical parameters of grain storage condensation by an observation method: reasonably arranging grain sampling points in the experimental simulation bin, sampling and observing once every 4h, checking whether the sample has liquid water, and recording the time t when the liquid water is observed1Position and temperature T of the position1And relative humidity RH1；
S3, determining critical parameters of grain storage condensation by a numerical method: reasonably arranging a temperature and humidity sensor in an experimental simulation bin, recording the internal temperature and relative humidity of a grain pile of the simulation bin once every 5min by a temperature and humidity detection system, automatically storing data into the temperature and humidity detection system, and analyzing the relation between the relative humidity of a grain condensation part and time and temperature by using a numerical method; the specific analysis procedure of the numerical method in step S3 is as follows:
s31, making RH-t relation graph for the relative humidity and storage time of the grain at the dew part, judging the minimum value point of the relative humidity of the pore environment in the grain pile in the dew process by a numerical method, and recording the relative humidity RH corresponding to the minimum value point of the relative humidity2Temperature T2And time t2；
S32, making RH-T relation graph for relative humidity and temperature of grain at dew condensation part, determining grain dew condensation critical point by numerical method, wherein the relative humidity, temperature and time corresponding to the point are relative humidity, temperature and time when grain dew condensation occursHumidity RH3Temperature T3And time t3(ii) a Wherein, t3＞t1＞t2；
S4, calculating the critical temperature T, the critical relative humidity RH and the critical time T when the grain pile is subjected to dewing; the specific calculation manner of the critical temperature T, the critical relative humidity RH, and the critical time T in step S4 is as follows:
2. the method for judging the critical parameter of the dewing of the grains according to claim 1, wherein the minimum value point of the relative humidity of the internal pore environment of the grain pile in the dewing process in the step S31 is the lowest point of an RH-t relation graph.
3. The method for determining the grain condensation critical parameter according to claim 1, wherein the first turning point when the RHT relation graph has regular fluctuation in the step S32 is the grain condensation critical point determined by a numerical method.
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| CN113237918B (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2023-08-01 | 北京盈丰利泰科贸有限公司 | Early warning method and device for tobacco leaf sealing stacking condensation and electronic equipment |
| CN115855750B (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2023-08-11 | 中国电器科学研究院股份有限公司 | Method for predicting wetting state of internal surface of electrical equipment |
| CN116818835B (en) * | 2023-08-30 | 2023-11-21 | 中储粮成都储藏研究院有限公司 | Dew condensation judging method based on granary temperature |
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