CN111307724B - Method for establishing model for determining cut stem content in cut tobacco based on color difference method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for establishing a model for measuring the content of cut stems in cut tobacco based on a color difference method, which comprises the steps of preparing cut stems and cut leaves into powder respectively to prepare tobacco powder with different cut stem contents, and measuring CIE-L of each test sample by using a color difference meter after the test samples are fully mixed uniformly * a * b * A color space value; the Hunter color difference Delta E between the mixed tobacco powder and the pure-leaf shredded tobacco powder is used as an independent variable, the cut stem content is used as a dependent variable, a function model between the mixed tobacco powder and the pure-leaf shredded tobacco powder is established, and the accuracy, the precision and the repeatability of the function model are verified. The method is simple and rapid to operate, low in cost, high in accuracy and precision, good in repeatability and suitable for measuring the cut stem content in the cut tobacco.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cut tobacco detection, and particularly relates to a method for determining cut stem content in cut tobacco in a formula based on a color difference method.
Background
The cigarette formula cut tobacco generally comprises cut tobacco leaves, cut stems and reconstituted cut tobacco leaves, and the stability of the content of each component has great influence on the smoking quality of cigarette products. In recent years, cut stems play more and more important roles in reducing cigarette harmfulness, regulating and controlling cigarette smoke level, improving application efficiency of tobacco leaf raw materials and the like, and the use proportion of the cut stems in a formula and the blending uniformity of the cut stems in cigarette cigarettes are more and more emphasized. Therefore, the method for accurately measuring the cut stem content in the cut tobacco is a key for judging and evaluating the effective utilization rate and blending quality of the cut stems, and is also widely concerned by technical and quality detection personnel in the industry.
In the past, the actual proportion of cut stems in cut tobacco in a formula is usually obtained by adopting manual visual observation or selecting and weighing by means of a visual amplification system according to the difference of morphological characteristics and colors of the cut stems. Although the method is simple to operate, the method has the defects of long time consumption, large artificial influence, inapplicability to mass detection and the like.
With the continuous development of the cut stem manufacturing technology, the morphological characteristics of the produced cut stems and the cut tobacco become smaller and smaller, and the selection through artificial vision becomes more and more difficult. In addition, because the apparent densities of the cut leaves, the cut stems and the reconstituted tobacco cut leaves are similar, the cut leaves and the reconstituted tobacco cut leaves cannot be separated by utilizing the difference of the densities. Meanwhile, due to the adoption of the chemical component difference of the tobacco raw materials or the industrial analysis difference and the like, the problems of small sample discrimination and poor repeatability exist in the determination process caused by the problem of the test method, and the aim of accurately determining the cut stem content in the cut tobacco is not enough.
In order to solve the problem, related researchers respectively adopt a uniform design-PLS-NIR method and a thermal analysis technology to predict the cut stem content in the cut tobacco formula. However, both methods are highly demanding on instrumentation and data processing and modeling are relatively complex.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for establishing a model for determining the content of cut stems in cut tobacco formulas based on a color difference method, and aims to solve the problem of complex modeling for predicting the content of cut stems in cut tobacco formulas in the prior art.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for establishing a model for determining cut stem content in cut tobacco based on a color difference method comprises the following steps:
h1, selecting cut stem samples and cut leaf samples, and processing the cut stem samples and the cut leaf samples into cut stem powder and cut leaf powder respectively;
h2, blending the cut stem powder and the cut leaf powder according to a set proportion to obtain Sn tobacco powder samples, wherein n is a natural number;
h3, selecting one tobacco powder sample from Sn tobacco powder samples, and measuring the color difference parameter L of the tobacco powder sample by using a color difference meter * 、a * 、b * Value of wherein L * Is from black to white, and represents a lightness value a * From green to red, representing the redness value, b * Selecting N different parts for measuring the tobacco powder samples from blue to yellow to represent a yellowness value, wherein N is a natural number larger than 2, and automatically calculating an average value for 1 time every N times of continuous measurement by a colorimeter, wherein each tobacco powder sample obtains Mn average values, and N is a natural number; then carrying out secondary average on the Mn average values to respectively obtain L * 、a * 、b * A value;
h4, measuring the color difference parameter L obtained by the pure-leaf shredded tobacco powder according to the mode of the step H3 * 、a * And b * The values are base values, respectively L 0 、a 0 And b 0 And calculating a color difference value delta E according to a color difference formula:
H5, drawing and regression analysis are carried out by using the cut stem content and the delta E, and a linear regression model of the cut stem content and the delta E value is obtained and is y = a delta E + b, wherein y is the cut stem content, the delta E is a color difference value, and a and b are constants.
Further, the cut stems are selected from a cut stem flavoring outlet, and the cut leaves are selected from a cut leaf drying and cooling outlet.
Further, the step H1 also comprises the steps of respectively drying the selected cut stems and cut leaves in a drying oven at 45 ℃ for 2 hours, crushing the cut stems and the cut leaves by using a cyclone mill, and sieving the crushed cut stems and the cut leaves by a sieve with the aperture of 250 mu m to respectively obtain cut stem sample powder and cut leaf sample powder; and respectively placing the cut stem sample powder and the cut leaf sample powder in a constant-temperature and constant-humidity box with the temperature of 22 +/-1 ℃ and the relative humidity of 60 +/-2% for balancing for 48 hours to obtain the cut stem powder and the cut leaf powder.
Further, the specific determination method in step H3 includes the steps of:
1) Putting a set amount of tobacco powder sample into a transparent container, pressing and flattening the tobacco powder sample to ensure that the tobacco powder sample does not loose and fall off after the transparent container is inverted, and then inverting the transparent container;
2) Determination of L of a tobacco powder sample at the bottom of a transparent container using a colorimeter * 、a * 、b * A value;
3) And selecting natural numbers with N being more than 2 at the bottom of the transparent container, automatically calculating an average value for 1 time by the color difference meter every N times of continuous measurement, wherein the measurement times of each tobacco powder sample are N × Mn times, and obtaining Mn average values, wherein N is a natural number.
Further, after the step H5, the accuracy verification of the linear regression model of the cut stem content and the Δ E value is also included, and the method includes the following steps:
mixing the cut stem powder and the cut leaf powder to obtain P groups of test samples with different cut stem contents, and respectively determining L of each test sample * 、a * 、b * And calculating a delta E value according to a color difference formula, substituting the delta E value into a linear regression model of the cut stem content and the delta E value, calculating a theoretical value of the cut stem content, comparing the theoretical value with an actual value of the cut stem content in the test sample to obtain a relative error, and determining that the linear regression model of the cut stem content and the delta E value meets set requirements if the relative error is within a set range.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the technical scheme, by establishing the method for determining the cut stem content model in the cut tobacco based on the color difference method, the tobacco stems and the tobacco leaves have great difference in the appearance color of the finally prepared cut stems and cut leaves due to the great difference in the content and the proportion of internal chemical components such as plastid pigment, and the like, and the difference can be accurately quantified and characterized by using a color difference meter, so that the theoretical basis is laid for predicting the cut stem content in the cut tobacco based on the color difference method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the variation trend of cut stem content and Δ E value and a regression equation.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are described in detail by the following examples, which are merely exemplary and can be used to explain and illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the technical solutions of the present invention.
In a batch of production time, cross section sampling is respectively carried out at a cut stem perfuming outlet and a cut leaf drying and cooling outlet, sampling is carried out for 1 time at an interval of 5min, each time is about 0.5kg, and sampling is carried out for 8 times, so that 4kg of each of a cut stem sample and a cut leaf sample is obtained. Uniformly mixing in a laboratory, then placing 0.5kg of cut stems and 1.5kg of cut leaves in a 45 ℃ oven for drying for 2h, crushing by using a cyclone mill, sieving by a sieve with the aperture of 250 mu m (60 meshes) to respectively obtain cut stem sample powder and cut leaf sample powder, and then placing the obtained cut stem sample powder and cut leaf sample in a constant temperature and humidity box with the temperature of (22 +/-1) DEG C and the relative humidity of (60 +/-2)% for balancing for 48h to obtain cut stem powder and cut leaf powder. Blending the cut stem powder and the shredded tobacco powder according to the scheme in the table 1 to obtain tobacco powder samples with different cut stem contents, and placing each tobacco powder sample in a closed container to be fully and uniformly mixed.
TABLE 1 tobacco powder samples after blending of cut stem powder and cut vomit powder
| Sample numbering | Cut rolled stems (g) | Cut tobacco (g) | Cut stem content (%) |
| S1 | 0 | 100.0 | 0 |
| S2 | 2.5 | 97.5 | 2.5 |
| S3 | 5.0 | 95.0 | 5.0 |
| S4 | 7.5 | 92.5 | 7.5 |
| S5 | 10.0 | 90.0 | 10.0 |
| S6 | 12.5 | 87.5 | 12.5 |
| S7 | 15.0 | 85.0 | 15.0 |
| S8 | 17.5 | 82.5 | 17.5 |
| S9 | 20.0 | 80.0 | 20.0 |
| S10 | 22.5 | 77.5 | 22.5 |
| S11 | 25.0 | 75.0 | 25.0 |
| S12 | 30.0 | 70.0 | 30.0 |
| S13 | 40.0 | 60.0 | 40.0 |
| S14 | 50.0 | 50.0 | 50.0 |
| S15 | 100.0 | 0 | 100.0 |
Taking about 10g of tobacco powder sample in each time, placing the tobacco powder sample in a quartz cup, compacting and flattening the tobacco powder sample by a sample presser as much as possible to ensure that the quartz cup does not loosen and fall off after inversion, slowly inverting the quartz cup, and measuring the CIE-L of the tobacco powder sample at the bottom of the quartz cup by using a DC-P3 type full-automatic colorimeter * a * b * Color space value, where L * Is from black to white, and represents a lightness value, a * Is from green to red, represents the redness value, b * The yellowness values are expressed from blue to yellow. Selecting 3 different positions for measuring the tobacco powder sample in each quartz cup, automatically calculating 1 average value every 3 continuous measurements by a color difference meter, and sampling the tobacco powder samples with different cut stem ratios for 20 times for measurement, namely recording 20L of each tobacco powder sample * 、a * 、b * Value of, 20L again * 、a * 、b * The values are subjected to secondary average to obtain the L of the tobacco powder samples respectively * 、a * 、b * The value is obtained. The main technical indexes of the color difference meter are set according to the method in the literature.
Measuring the color difference parameter L obtained by the pure leaf shred tobacco powder according to the mode of the step H3 * 、a * And b * The values are base values, respectively L 0 、a 0 And b 0 And calculating a color difference value delta E according to a color difference formula:
Carrying out independent sample T test and paired T test analysis on related data by using IBM SPSS statics 19.0 software; and (3) performing mapping and regression analysis on the cut stem content and the color difference value delta E by using Microsoft Excel 2010, and establishing a function model of the cut stem content and the color difference value.
The difference degree of the color difference between the cut stems and the cut leaves is the basis for measuring the cut stem content in the cut tobacco in the formula by using the color difference method, the feasibility of the method is determined, and the higher the difference of the color difference parameters between the cut stems and the cut leaves is, the higher the accuracy of the prediction result of the cut stem content is.
According to the experimental method, the 15 tobacco powder samples (S1-S15) with different cut stem contents are subjected to the color difference parameter L * 、a * 、b * The values were measured and the average value was taken. The delta E is calculated according to a Hunter color difference formula by taking the color difference parameter of the pure leaf shred tobacco powder (the content of the cut stems is 0) as a basic value, and the result is shown in a table 2.
TABLE 2 different cut stem content samples L * 、a * 、b * Value measurement results and Delta E values
By using the cut stem content and the Hunter color difference delta E value to carry out mapping and regression analysis, a linear regression model of the cut stem content and the delta E value is y = a delta E + b (y is the cut stem content, delta E is the color difference, and a and b are constants), which is shown in figure 1. As can be seen from fig. 1: the linear regression equation was y =8.8989 Δ E-0.9571 (R) 2 = 0.9995), which shows that the degree of fitting of the linear regression model between the cut stem content and the Δ E value is high, and the correlation between the two reaches a very significant level (p = 0.000), and the larger the Hunter color difference Δ E is, the higher the cut stem content is.
According to the experimental method, 5 groups of samples S16-S20 to be tested with different cut stem contents are prepared by using cut stem powder and cut leaf powder, and L of the samples is respectively measured after the samples are fully and uniformly mixed * 、a * 、b * And calculating a delta E value according to a Hunter color difference formula, substituting the color difference delta E value of the sample to be measured into a linear model, calculating the cut stem content of the sample to be measured, and measuring results are shown in a table 3. As can be seen from table 3: the relative errors of the cut stem content and the actual value of the same tobacco powder sample measured by a linear regression model are between 2.00% and 3.37%, and are both less than 5%, which indicates that the accuracy of the linear regression model is high. The measured values and the actual values of 5 samples are subjected to paired t test, P =0.637 > 0.05, and the two groups of data have no significant difference, which indicates that the data are based on the color difference parameter L * 、a * 、b * The value deduces the determination method of the cut stem content in the cut tobacco in the formula.
TABLE 3 accuracy verification results for working models
As can be seen from table 4: the method is adopted to carry out 6 times of parallel measurement on 5 tobacco powder samples S21-S25 respectively, the variation coefficients of the measured results of the cut stem contents of the samples 1-5 are between 1.98-2.72% and are all less than 5%, which shows that the precision of the method for measuring the cut stem content in the cut tobacco in the formula is high and meets the requirement of quantitative analysis.
And then the method is adopted to continuously determine a certain tobacco powder sample for 6 times, the determination results of the cut stem content are respectively 12.48%, 11.99%, 12.17%, 12.26%, 12.59% and 11.81%, the average value is 12.22%, the standard deviation is 0.29%, and the coefficient of variation is 2.40%, which indicates that the method has good repeatability and meets the requirement of quantitative analysis.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A method for establishing a model for measuring cut stem content in cut tobacco based on a color difference method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
h1, selecting a cut stem sample and a cut leaf sample, and respectively processing the cut stem sample and the cut leaf sample into cut stem powder and cut leaf powder;
h2, blending the cut stem powder and the cut leaf powder according to a set proportion to obtain Sn tobacco powder samples, wherein n is a natural number;
h3, selecting one tobacco powder sample from Sn tobacco powder samples, and measuring the color difference parameter L of the tobacco powder sample by using a color difference meter * 、a * 、b * Value of wherein L * Is from black to white, and represents a lightness value a * Is from green to red, representing a redness value, b * Selecting N different parts for measuring the tobacco powder samples from blue to yellow, wherein N is a natural number larger than 2, automatically calculating an average value for 1 time every N times of continuous measurement by a colorimeter, and obtaining Mn average values for each tobacco powder sample, wherein N is a natural number; then carrying out secondary average on the Mn average values to respectively obtain L * 、a * 、b * A value;
h4, measuring the color difference parameter L obtained by the pure-leaf shredded tobacco powder according to the mode of the step H3 * 、a * And b * The values are base values, respectively L 0 、a 0 And b 0 And calculating a color difference value delta E according to a color difference formula:
H5, performing mapping and regression analysis by using the cut stem content and the delta E to obtain a linear regression model of the cut stem content and the delta E value, wherein y = a delta E + b, y is the cut stem content, delta E is a color difference value, and a and b are constants;
the specific determination method in step H3 comprises the following steps:
1) Putting a set amount of tobacco powder sample into a transparent container, pressing and flattening the tobacco powder sample to ensure that the tobacco powder sample does not loosen and fall off after the transparent container is inverted, and then inverting the transparent container;
2) Determination of L of a tobacco powder sample at the bottom of a transparent container using a colorimeter * 、a * 、b * A value;
3) And selecting a natural number with N being more than 2 at the bottom of the transparent container, automatically calculating an average value for 1 time by the color difference meter every N times of continuous measurement, wherein the measurement times of each tobacco powder sample are N x Mn times, and obtaining Mn average values, wherein N is the natural number.
2. The method for establishing the model for measuring the cut stem content in the cut tobaccos based on the color difference method according to claim 1, wherein the cut stems are selected from a cut stem flavoring outlet, and the cut leaves are selected from a cut leaf drying and cooling outlet.
3. The method for establishing the stem content model in the cut tobacco based on the color difference method according to claim 1, wherein the step H1 further comprises the steps of respectively drying the selected stem and the cut tobacco in an oven at 45 ℃ for 2 hours, crushing the stem and the cut tobacco by a cyclone mill, and sieving the crushed stem and the cut tobacco by a sieve with the aperture of 250 μm to respectively obtain stem sample powder and cut tobacco sample powder; and respectively placing the cut stem sample powder and the cut leaf sample powder in a constant-temperature and constant-humidity box with the temperature of 22 +/-1 ℃ and the relative humidity of 60 +/-2% for balancing for 48 hours to obtain the cut stem powder and the cut leaf powder.
4. The method for establishing the stem content model in the cut tobacco based on the color difference method according to claim 1, wherein after the step H5, the accuracy verification of the linear regression model of the stem content and the delta E value is further included, and the method comprises the following steps:
mixing the cut stem powder and the cut leaf powder to obtain P groups of test samples with different cut stem contents, wherein P is a natural number, and respectively measuring L of each test sample * 、a * 、b * And calculating a delta E value according to a color difference formula, substituting the delta E value into a linear regression model of the cut stem content and the delta E value, calculating a theoretical value of the cut stem content, comparing the theoretical value with an actual value of the cut stem content in the test sample to obtain a relative error, and determining that the linear regression model of the cut stem content and the delta E value meets set requirements if the relative error is within a set range.
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| CN112903679A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-06-04 | 安徽中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for detecting blending proportion and blending uniformity of cut stems of cigarettes based on RGB image processing |
| CN112834441A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-05-25 | 安徽中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for detecting blending proportion and blending uniformity of expanded cut tobacco of cigarette |
| CN113138023A (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2021-07-20 | 河南中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for measuring color index of cut tobacco |
| CN113945563A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-01-18 | 中国烟草总公司湖北省公司 | Method for evaluating quality uniformity of cigar wrapper tobacco leaves |
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