CN111307703B - Corrosion resistance evaluation method of stainless steel material - Google Patents
Corrosion resistance evaluation method of stainless steel material Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 152
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 152
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000692 Student's t-test Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012353 t test Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005536 corrosion prevention Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 241000221535 Pucciniales Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001312 dry etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009439 industrial construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
- G01N17/002—Test chambers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
- G01N17/006—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light of metals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
- G01N5/04—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of atmospheric corrosion simulation and evaluation of stainless steel materials, and discloses a corrosion resistance evaluation method of a stainless steel material, which takes the stainless steel material as a test material, adopts immersion/drying cycle corrosion to simulate an atmospheric wet-dry alternating corrosion process, and the solution parameters of a simulated corrosion medium are as follows: the method is characterized in that the NaCl concentration is 14%, the HSO 3-concentration is 2.00g/L, the pH =3.0, the temperature is 50 ℃, distilled water is used for preparing, and when corrosion resistance evaluation is carried out on the stainless steel material, the time of the first rust point of the stainless steel material can be adopted, or the corrosion resistance of a sample can be rapidly evaluated according to the corrosion rate of the stainless steel material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of atmospheric corrosion simulation and evaluation of stainless steel materials, in particular to a corrosion resistance evaluation method of a stainless steel material.
Background
With the continuous development of industrial construction, environmental pollution is getting worse, the problem of corrosion of power facilities, especially substation equipment, is getting worse, and the safety of power grid operation is obviously affected. The corrosion problem causes potential danger to the safety reliability and the service life of the transformer substation, and the potential danger is highly emphasized by the power transmission and transformation industries of various countries in the world.
A large number of researches and practices show that the most effective protection means for the corrosion problem is prior protection, so that the research on the corrosion mechanism and the corrosion process of materials is greatly helpful for the prior protection work of the corrosion problem, and the traditional outdoor sample-throwing corrosion test method has the disadvantages of long test period, high economic cost, slow effect conversion and the like. Therefore, in recent years, a great number of researchers have focused on developing an accelerated corrosion test method which is highly efficient and highly correlated to corrosion of real materials, so as to evaluate and predict the durability of the materials in actual use environments. The invention mainly discloses a corrosion resistance evaluation method of a stainless steel material, which can provide basis and support for reasonable material selection and corrosion prevention design of power transmission and transformation engineering and guarantee for safe operation of a power grid.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a corrosion resistance evaluation method for a stainless steel material, which can provide basis and support for reasonable material selection and corrosion prevention design of power transmission and transformation engineering and guarantee safe operation of a power grid.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a corrosion resistance evaluation method of a stainless steel material comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a material, wherein the material comprises a stainless steel plate, a plurality of aqueous solutions C for simulating a corrosion medium, and a test box for simulating an atmospheric dry-wet alternative corrosion process;
s2: adjusting the temperature in the box to a set temperature through a temperature adjusting device in the test box, keeping the box body sealed, putting the stainless steel plate into the test box and placing the stainless steel plate in a container containing the aqueous solution C, so that the stainless steel plate is completely immersed in the aqueous solution C for a period of time;
s3: s2, when the duration time is up, opening the opening of the test box, taking out the container containing the aqueous solution C, leaving the stainless steel plate soaked by the aqueous solution C in the test box, and then closing the opening of the test box;
s4: drying the stainless steel plate soaked by the water solution C by a drying device in the test box for a period of time;
s5: when the duration of S4 is up, repeating the steps S2, S3 and S4, carrying out soaking/drying circulation on the stainless steel plate, and finishing the test when a first rust point appears on the surface of the stainless steel plate or when the test time is up to one period;
s6: analyzing data, judging the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel according to the corrosion rate of the stainless steel, wherein the corrosion rate is obtained by the following steps: firstly, calculating the corrosion weight loss of a stainless steel sample, and calculating the corrosion speed V (mum/a) from the weight change of the sample before and after a corrosion experiment, wherein the formula is as follows:
in the formula:
v-sample corrosion rate, mu m/a;
Δ W-weight loss of sample, g;
rho-stainless steel material density, g.cm-3;
a-sample area, cm2;
t-test period, h;
under the same test period, the higher the corrosion rate is, the poorer the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel material is;
or comparing the time when the first rusted spots appear on the surface of each stainless steel sample, the earlier the first rusted spots appear, the poorer the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel, and when the first rusted spots appear on the stainless steel at the same time, the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel is judged according to the number and the area of the rusted spots, and the larger the rusted spots are, the worse the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel is.
Preferably, the parameters of the aqueous solution C are as follows: naCl concentration 14%, HSO 3-concentration 2.00g/L, pH =3.0, temperature 50 ℃, formulated with distilled water.
Preferably, in S2, the stainless steel plate is completely immersed in the aqueous solution C for a duration of 10 to 15min.
Preferably, in S4, the duration of the drying process performed on the stainless steel plate is 45 to 50min.
Preferably, in S5, one trial period is 240h.
Preferably, the data for analysis in S6 is at least 3 sets.
Preferably, the test chamber comprises:
the box body is used for providing a space required by simulating corrosion of a stainless steel material, and an opening is formed in the bottom of the box body;
the steel plate clamp is arranged in the box body and used for fixing the stainless steel plate from the upper part;
the box cover is arranged at the opening of the box body and used for opening or closing the opening of the box body;
a container for holding the aqueous solution C;
the lifting plate is arranged right below the opening of the box body, the size of the lifting plate is equal to that of the lower end face of the box body, the container is fixed on the upper surface of the lifting plate, when the lifting plate moves upwards, the box cover is driven to be opened towards two sides through the driving connecting rods fixed on two sides of the moving plate, in the opening process of the box cover, the container is lifted to the interior of the box body, the stainless steel plate is inserted into the container from the upper side, the stainless steel plate is completely immersed in the aqueous solution C, the lifting plate is used for plugging the bottom opening of the box body, when the lifting plate moves downwards, the container is moved out from the lower side of the stainless steel plate, meanwhile, the driving connecting rods on two sides of the lifting plate drive the box cover to be closed towards the middle, and the opening of the box body is closed;
the power mechanism is used for providing power required by the movement of the lifting plate relative to the opening of the box body;
the control assembly is used for controlling the electrical components of the test box;
the support frame is used for supporting the box body and the power mechanism.
Preferably, a temperature adjusting device is arranged inside the box body and used for adjusting the temperature inside the box body to a set temperature; and a drying device for drying the stainless steel plate in S4.
Preferably, the case lid is the slide of two symmetry settings at the bottom half opening part, the symmetry is equipped with U type spout on two relative inner walls of bottom half opening part, the four corners department of slide is respectively through a cylindric slider sliding connection in the U type spout of both sides, the slider sliding connection of slide outer end is in the vertical section of U type spout, the slider sliding connection of slide inner is in the horizontal straight section of U type spout, when the slide of both sides is the level, close the bottom opening of box promptly, when the slide outer end is located the highest position of the vertical section of U type spout, the bottom opening of box is opened completely, and the slide is the slope form this moment.
Preferably, the slot hole has been seted up along the vertical slip orbit of slide on two relative lateral walls that the box did not set up U type spout, the drive connecting rod is total two sets of and sets up respectively in the both sides of lifter plate, and the drive connecting rod includes first connecting rod and second connecting rod, and first connecting rod laminating box lateral wall sets up, when carrying out S2, carries out the shutoff to the slot hole, when carrying out S4, makes the slot hole expose as the bleeder vent, second connecting rod and first connecting rod fixed connection, and the second connecting rod passes from the slot hole and rotates with the outer end of slide to be connected.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method can be used for simulating the corrosion process of the stainless steel in the atmospheric environment, has simulation, acceleration and reproducibility, can be used for quickly evaluating the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel in the atmospheric environment, and can provide basis and support for reasonable material selection and corrosion prevention design of the stainless steel material for power transmission and transformation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the inside of a test chamber according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an internal schematic view of another embodiment of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 isbase:Sub>A cross-sectional view taken at A-A of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the connections of the control module in the test chamber;
in the figure: 1-box body, 2-steel plate clamp, 3-sliding plate, 4-observation window, 5-stainless steel plate, 6-lifting plate, 7-first connecting rod, 8-second connecting rod, 9-long hole, 10-U-shaped sliding groove, 11-electric heat source, 12-drying device, 13-temperature sensor, 14-power mechanism, 15-supporting frame, 16-storage tank, 17-liquid supply pipe, 18-liquid supply pump, 19-collection tank, 20-liquid discharge pipe, 21-liquid discharge pump and 22-container.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention firstly simulates the corrosion of the stainless steel material under the atmospheric environment, and then establishes a test method for rapidly evaluating the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel. The corrosion resistance of the stainless steel material in the atmospheric environment can be rapidly evaluated aiming at the stainless steel materials in different production plants, the stainless steel materials in different batches or the stainless steel materials produced by different processes. The corrosive solution is mainly prepared by adjusting the pH to 3.0 and using distilled water, wherein the NaCl concentration is 14 percent, the HSO 3-concentration is 2 g/L. The immersion/drying cycle was used to simulate an alternate dry and wet etching process. The immersion/drying cycle has a cycle period of 60min, including 15min immersion and 45min drying. During the immersion phase, the uppermost end of the sample should be at least 10mm below the surface of the solution. The ambient temperature of the entire test chamber was 50 ℃. The cycle number is determined according to the test requirement, namely the stainless steel has a first rust point, if the phenomenon does not occur, the test period is 240 hours generally.
And for the corrosion result of the sample, rapidly evaluating the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel by utilizing the macroscopic morphology and the corrosion rate. The principle of evaluation was: the earlier the first rust occurs, the poorer the corrosion resistance of stainless steel; or the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel material is poorer when the corrosion rate is higher under the same test period. When the stainless steel has the first rusty spot at the same time, the protection effect of the stainless steel is judged according to the number and the area of the rusty spots, and the more rusty spots are, the larger the area is, and the poorer the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel is.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the present invention provides a technical solution, a method for evaluating corrosion resistance of a stainless steel material, comprising the following steps:
s1: preparing a material, wherein the material comprises 5 pieces of stainless steel plates, a plurality of aqueous solutions C for simulating a corrosion medium, and a test box for simulating an atmospheric dry-wet alternative corrosion process;
s2: adjusting the temperature in the box to a set temperature through a temperature adjusting device in the test box, keeping the box body 1 sealed, putting the stainless steel plate 5 into the test box and placing the stainless steel plate in a container 22 containing the aqueous solution C, so that the stainless steel plate 5 is completely immersed in the aqueous solution C for a period of time;
s3: s2, when the duration time is up, opening the opening of the test box, taking out the container 22 containing the aqueous solution C, leaving the stainless steel plate 5 soaked by the aqueous solution C in the test box, and then closing the opening of the test box;
s4: drying the stainless steel plate 5 soaked by the aqueous solution C for a period of time by a drying device 12 in the test chamber;
s5: when the duration of the S4 is up, repeating the steps S2, S3 and S4, carrying out soaking/drying circulation on the stainless steel plate 5, and ending the test when a first rust point appears on the surface of the stainless steel plate 5 or when the test time is up to one period;
s6: analyzing data, judging the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel according to the corrosion rate of the stainless steel, wherein the corrosion rate is obtained by the following steps: firstly, calculating the corrosion weight loss of a stainless steel sample, and calculating the corrosion speed V (mum/a) from the weight change of the sample before and after a corrosion experiment, wherein the formula is as follows:
in the formula:
v-sample corrosion rate, μm/a;
Δ W-weight loss of sample, g;
rho-stainless steel material density, g.cm-3;
a-sample area, cm2;
t-test period, h;
under the same test period, the higher the corrosion rate is, the poorer the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel material is;
or comparing the time when the first rusty spot appears on the surface of each stainless steel sample, wherein the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel is poorer as the time when the first rusty spot appears is earlier, and when the first rusty spot appears on the stainless steel at the same time, the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel is judged according to the number and the area of the rusty spots, and the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel is poorer as the area is larger as the number of the rusty spots is larger.
Specifically, the parameters of the aqueous solution C are as follows: the NaCl concentration is 14%, the HSO 3-concentration is 2.00g/L, the pH =3.0, the temperature is 50 ℃, distilled water is used for preparation, the prepared water solution C is stored in a storage tank 16, the storage tank 16 is connected with a liquid inlet of a container 22 through a liquid supply pipe 17, and the liquid supply pipe 17 is connected with a liquid supply pump 18.
Specifically, in S2, the stainless steel plate 5 is completely immersed in the aqueous solution C for 10 to 15min.
Specifically, in S4, the duration of the drying treatment of the stainless steel plate 5 is 45 to 50min.
Specifically, in S5, one trial period is 240h.
Specifically, the data for analysis in S6 is at least 3 sets.
Specifically, the test chamber comprises: the box body 1, the steel plate clip 2, the box cover, the container 22, the lifting plate 6, the power mechanism 14, the control assembly and the support frame 15.
The box body 1 is used for providing a space required by simulating corrosion of a stainless steel material, an opening is formed in the bottom of the box body 1, and an observation window 4 is formed in the side wall of the box body 1 and used for observing the corrosion condition of a stainless steel plate 5 placed in the box body; the steel plate clamp 2 is arranged in the box body 1 and used for fixing the stainless steel plate 5 from the upper side; the box cover is arranged at the opening of the box body 1 and is used for opening or closing the opening of the box body 1; the container 22 is a transparent glass beaker used for containing the aqueous solution C, a liquid inlet of the container 22 is connected with the storage tank 16 through a liquid supply pipe 17, a liquid outlet is arranged at one side of the bottom of the container 22, the liquid outlet is connected with the collection tank 19 through a liquid discharge pipe 20, the liquid discharge pipe 20 is connected with a liquid discharge pump 21, and when various parameters in the aqueous solution C do not meet the requirements, the container 22 is changed; the lifting plate 6 is arranged right below the opening of the box body 1, the size of the lifting plate is equal to that of the lower end face of the box body 1, the container 22 is fixed on the upper surface of the lifting plate 6, when the lifting plate 6 moves upwards, the box cover is driven to be opened towards two sides through the driving connecting rods fixed on two sides of the moving plate, in the opening process of the box cover, the container 22 is lifted to the inside of the box body 1, the stainless steel plate 5 is inserted into the container 22 from the upper part, the stainless steel plate 5 is completely immersed into the aqueous solution C, meanwhile, the lifting plate 6 seals the bottom opening of the box body 1, when the lifting plate 6 moves downwards, the container 22 is moved out from the lower part of the stainless steel plate 5, meanwhile, the driving connecting rods on two sides drive the box cover to be closed towards the middle part, and the opening of the box body 1 is closed; the power mechanism 14 is used for providing power required by the movement of the lifting plate 6 relative to the opening of the box body 1; the control assembly is used for controlling the electrical components of the test box; the support frame 15 is used for supporting the box body 1 and the power mechanism 14.
Particularly, be equipped with attemperator in box 1 inside for adjust box 1 inside temperature to the settlement temperature, attemperator is including setting up temperature sensor 13 and electric heat source 11 (like the electrical heating piece) on box 1 inner wall, and temperature sensor 13 transmits the temperature signal who detects for control assembly, by control assembly analysis back, through switching on the outage to the electrical heating piece, makes the temperature in the box 1 keep at the setting value to the temperature environment of stainless steel material corrosion test under the simulated atmospheric environment.
And a drying device 12 is further arranged inside the box body 1 and used for drying the stainless steel plate 5 in S4, the drying device 12 is a plurality of groups of air dryers arranged on the inner wall of the box body 1, and the drying device 12 is controlled by a control assembly.
The case lid is that two symmetries set up slide 3 at 1 bottom opening part of box, being equipped with U type spout 10 of symmetry on two relative inner walls of 1 bottom opening part of box, slide 3's four corners department is respectively through a cylindric slider sliding connection in the U type spout 10 of both sides, the slider sliding connection of slide 3 outer end is in the vertical section of U type spout 10, slide 3 inner slider sliding connection is in the straight section of level of U type spout 10, when the slide 3 of both sides is the level, close the bottom opening of box 1 promptly, when slide 3 outer end is located the highest position of the vertical section of U type spout 10, the bottom opening of box 1 is opened completely, and slide 3 is the slope form this moment.
The control assembly includes a programmable controller (e.g., a PLC controller) programmed to: setting the set temperature of a temperature adjusting device in the box body 1 to be 50 ℃; setting the duration of immersing the stainless steel plate 5 in the aqueous solution C in the step S2 to be 15min, after the duration is expired, controlling a power mechanism 14 (such as an air cylinder) to drive the lifting plate 6 to move downwards, and simultaneously electrifying the drying device 12 to dry the soaked stainless steel plate 5; setting the drying time of the stainless steel plate 5 in the step S4 to be 45min, and after the drying time expires, driving the lifting plate 6 to move upwards by controlling the power mechanism 14 to immerse the stainless steel plate 5 into the aqueous solution C; a test period is set to 240h, and after the time expires, the lifting plate 6 is automatically returned to the initial position, and the electrical elements are powered off.
The method for evaluating the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel material comprises the following steps of: assuming that three factories are respectively a first factory, a second factory and a third factory, the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel samples of the 3 different factories is evaluated by the test method, the corrosion resistance of different stainless steel materials is evaluated by corrosion weight loss, and the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel is rapidly evaluated by using macroscopic morphology and corrosion rate on the corrosion result of the samples.
Example 1
Taking three different stainless steel samples of a factory A, a factory B and a factory C, keeping the weight of the three stainless steel samples the same, fixing the three stainless steel samples into the same box body 1 by using a steel plate clamp 2, in an initial state, enabling a lifting plate 6 to be located at the lowest position, pumping a sufficient amount of aqueous solution C in a storage tank 16 into a container 22 through a liquid supply pump 18, and keeping the temperature inside the box body 1 at 50 degrees through a temperature adjusting device;
pressing a start button, driving the lifting plate 6 to move towards the bottom opening of the box body 1 by the power mechanism 14 under the instruction of the PLC controller, opening the sliding plate 3 towards two sides by the driving connecting rod in the ascending process of the lifting plate 6, lifting the container 22 into the box body 1 by the lifting plate 6 in the opening process of the sliding plate 3 until the lifting plate 6 is attached to the lower end surface of the box body 1, completely immersing three stainless steel plate 5 samples into the aqueous solution C, starting timing by the timer of the PLC controller, sending an instruction to the power mechanism 14 by the PLC controller after the timing is completed for 15min, driving the lifting plate 6 to move downwards, driving the container 22 to leave the box body 1 from below in the moving downwards process of the lifting plate 6, and simultaneously driving the sliding plates 3 at two sides to slide towards the middle part by the driving connecting rod, the bottom of the box body 1 is closed, the first connecting rod 7 of the driving connecting rod enables the long hole 9 on the side wall of the box body 1 to be exposed in the downward moving process and serves as an air hole of the box body 1, the air flow inside the box body 1 is conducted when the stainless steel plate 5 is dried, when the lifting plate 6 moves downwards to the lowest position, the sliding plates 3 on the two sides are horizontally arranged, the inner ends of the sliding plates are abutted, the bottom opening of the box body 1 is sealed, the heat preservation effect of the box body 1 is guaranteed, meanwhile, the PLC sends an instruction to the drying device 12 to enable the drying device to dry the soaked stainless steel plate 5, the timer of the PLC starts to time, after the time is up to 45min, the PLC sends an instruction to the power mechanism 14, and the power mechanism 14 drives the lifting plate 6 to move upwards again.
After the above process is continued for one period (240 h), the test is finished, three stainless steel plate 5 samples are taken out, rust on the surfaces of the stainless steel plates are removed, the stainless steel plates are respectively weighed, the weight loss Δ W a, Δ W b and Δ W c of the three stainless steel plates 5 are calculated, wherein Δ W a is greater than Δ W b is greater than Δ W c, then the weight loss Δ W a, Δ W b and Δ W c of the three stainless steel plates 5 are respectively substituted into the corrosion rate calculation formula, the corrosion rates V a, V b and V c of the three stainless steel plates 5 are calculated, and the corrosion rates V a, V b and V c of the three stainless steel plates 5 can be known under the condition of equal test period and other parameters: v A, V B and V C, so that the corrosion resistance of stainless steel samples of 3 different manufacturers is as follows: the first plant < the second plant < the third plant.
Example 2
Taking three different stainless steel samples of a first factory, a second factory and a third factory, keeping the same surface area, respectively placing the stainless steel samples in three groups of test boxes, respectively fixing the stainless steel samples through steel plate clamps 2, in an initial state, all lifting plates 6 of the three groups of test boxes are located at the lowest positions, pumping sufficient aqueous solution C in a storage tank 16 into a container 22 of each group of test boxes through a liquid supply pump 18, and keeping the temperature in each box body 1 at 50 degrees through a temperature adjusting device of each group of test boxes;
pressing a start button, sending an instruction by a PLC (programmable logic controller) and simultaneously enabling a power mechanism 14 of three groups of test boxes to drive a lifting plate 6 to move upwards or downwards, synchronously controlling the power-on and power-off of drying devices 12 in the three groups of test boxes, controlling the time and the steps to be the same as those of embodiment 1, keeping the test environments in the three groups of test boxes consistent, enabling three different stainless steel samples to carry out immersion/drying cycle reciprocating simulation dry-wet alternate corrosion processes in the same environment, stopping immersion/drying cycle of the stainless steel samples in a test box when a first rust point appears in the test box, and recording the time of the first rust point.
After the test is finished, the first rust point appearance time of three different stainless steel samples is as follows: t A, t B and t C, the earlier the first rust point appears, the poorer the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel, and if t A > t B > t C, the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel samples of the three manufacturers is shown as follows: the first plant, the second plant and the third plant;
when the stainless steel generates the first rusty spot at the same time, the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel is judged according to the rusty spot size and area, such as: if t A = t B, the areas of rusts on the surfaces of the stainless steel samples from the two manufacturers are compared, and the more rusts, the larger the area, and the worse the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. A method for evaluating corrosion resistance of a stainless steel material is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1: preparing a material, wherein the material comprises a stainless steel plate, a plurality of aqueous solutions C for simulating a corrosion medium, and a test box for simulating an atmospheric dry-wet alternative corrosion process;
s2: adjusting the temperature in the box to a set temperature through a temperature adjusting device in the test box, keeping the box body sealed, putting the stainless steel plate into the test box and placing the stainless steel plate in a container containing the aqueous solution C, so that the stainless steel plate is completely immersed in the aqueous solution C for a period of time;
s3: s2, when the duration time is up, opening the opening of the test box, taking out the container containing the aqueous solution C, leaving the stainless steel plate soaked by the aqueous solution C in the test box, and then closing the opening of the test box;
s4: drying the stainless steel plate soaked by the water solution C by a drying device in the test box for a period of time;
s5: when the duration of S4 is up, repeating the steps S2, S3 and S4, carrying out soaking/drying circulation on the stainless steel plate, and finishing the test when a first rust point appears on the surface of the stainless steel plate or when the test time is up to one period;
s6: and (3) analyzing data, judging the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel according to the corrosion rate of the stainless steel, wherein the corrosion rate is obtained by the following steps: firstly, calculating the corrosion weight loss of a stainless steel sample, and calculating the corrosion speed V from the weight change of the sample before and after a corrosion experiment, wherein the formula is as follows: in the formula:
v-sample corrosion rate, mu m/a;
Δ W-weight loss of sample, g;
rho-stainless steel material density, g.cm -3 ；
A-area of sample, cm 2 ；
t-test period, h;
under the same test period, the higher the corrosion rate is, the poorer the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel material is;
or comparing the time when the first rusty spot appears on the surface of each stainless steel sample, wherein the earlier the time when the first rusty spot appears, the poorer the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel, and when the first rusty spot appears on the stainless steel at the same time, the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel is judged according to the number and the area of the rusty spots, and the more rusty spots are, the larger the area is, the poorer the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel is;
the test chamber comprises: the box body is used for providing a space required by the corrosion of the stainless steel material, and an opening is formed in the bottom of the box body;
the steel plate clamp is arranged in the box body and used for fixing the stainless steel plate from the upper part;
the box cover is arranged at the opening of the box body and used for opening or closing the opening of the box body;
a container for holding an aqueous solution C;
the lifting plate is arranged right below the opening of the box body, the size of the lifting plate is equal to that of the lower end face of the box body, the container is fixed on the upper surface of the lifting plate, when the lifting plate moves upwards, the box cover is driven to be opened towards two sides through the driving connecting rods fixed on two sides of the moving plate, the container is lifted into the box body in the opening process of the box cover, the stainless steel plate is inserted into the container from the upper part, the stainless steel plate is completely immersed into the aqueous solution C, the lifting plate plugs the bottom opening of the box body at the same time, when the lifting plate moves downwards, the container is moved out from the lower part of the stainless steel plate, meanwhile, the driving connecting rods on two sides of the lifting plate drive the box cover to be closed towards the middle part, and the opening of the box body is closed;
the power mechanism is used for providing power required by the movement of the lifting plate relative to the opening of the box body;
the control assembly is used for controlling the electrical components of the test box;
the support frame is used for supporting the box body and the power mechanism;
the box cover is composed of two sliding plates symmetrically arranged at an opening at the bottom of the box body, U-shaped sliding grooves are symmetrically arranged on two opposite inner walls at the opening at the bottom of the box body, four corners of each sliding plate are respectively connected in the U-shaped sliding grooves at two sides in a sliding manner through a cylindrical sliding block, the sliding block at the outer end of each sliding plate is connected in a vertical section of the U-shaped sliding groove in a sliding manner, the sliding block at the inner end of each sliding plate is connected in a horizontal straight section of the U-shaped sliding groove in a sliding manner, when the sliding plates at two sides are horizontal, the opening at the bottom of the box body is closed, when the outer end of each sliding plate is positioned at the highest position of the vertical section of the U-shaped sliding groove, the opening at the bottom of the box body is completely opened, and the sliding plates are inclined at the moment;
the slot hole has been seted up along the vertical slip orbit of slide on two relative lateral walls that the box did not set up U type spout, the drive connecting rod is total two sets of and sets up respectively in the both sides of lifter plate, and the drive connecting rod includes first connecting rod and second connecting rod, and first connecting rod laminating box lateral wall sets up, when carrying out S2, carries out the shutoff to the slot hole, when carrying out S4, makes the slot hole expose as the bleeder vent, second connecting rod and first connecting rod fixed connection, and the second connecting rod passes from the slot hole and rotates with the outer end of slide to be connected.
2. The method for evaluating corrosion resistance of a stainless steel material according to claim 1, wherein: the parameters of the aqueous solution C are as follows: naCl concentration 14%, HSO 3-concentration 2.00g/L, pH =3.0, temperature 50 ℃, made up with distilled water.
3. The method for evaluating corrosion resistance of a stainless steel material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in S2, the stainless steel plate is completely immersed in the aqueous solution C for a duration of 10-15min.
4. The method for evaluating corrosion resistance of a stainless steel material according to claim 1, wherein: in S4, the duration of the drying treatment on the stainless steel plate is 45-50min.
5. The method for evaluating corrosion resistance of a stainless steel material according to claim 1, wherein: in S5, one trial period was 240h.
6. The method for evaluating corrosion resistance of a stainless steel material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the data for analysis in S6 were at least 3 groups.
7. The method for evaluating corrosion resistance of a stainless steel material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the temperature adjusting device is arranged in the box body and used for adjusting the temperature in the box body to a set temperature; and a drying device for drying the stainless steel plate in S4.
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| CN113567330A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-10-29 | 内蒙古电力(集团)有限责任公司内蒙古电力科学研究院分公司 | Electrochemical device and method for detecting stainless steel intercrystalline corrosion sensitivity |
| CN114034629B (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2024-01-30 | 重庆交通大学 | Rock mass dry-wet circulation damage monitoring system and method in chemical corrosion environment |
| CN115598052B (en) * | 2022-12-14 | 2023-03-07 | 广东辉固材料科技有限公司 | Glass fiber reinforcement corrosion resistance test equipment and test method |
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