CN111307703A - Corrosion resistance evaluation method of stainless steel material - Google Patents
Corrosion resistance evaluation method of stainless steel material Download PDFInfo
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- CN111307703A CN111307703A CN202010323294.7A CN202010323294A CN111307703A CN 111307703 A CN111307703 A CN 111307703A CN 202010323294 A CN202010323294 A CN 202010323294A CN 111307703 A CN111307703 A CN 111307703A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of atmospheric corrosion simulation and evaluation of stainless steel materials, and discloses a corrosion resistance evaluation method of a stainless steel material, which takes the stainless steel material as a test material, adopts immersion/drying cycle corrosion to simulate an atmospheric dry-wet alternate corrosion process, and simulates the solution parameters of a corrosion medium as follows: the corrosion resistance evaluation method is characterized in that the NaCl concentration is 14%, the HSO 3-concentration is 2.00g/L, the pH value is 3.0, the temperature is 50 ℃, distilled water is used for preparation, and when the corrosion resistance evaluation is carried out on the stainless steel material, the time when the first rust spot of the stainless steel material appears or the corrosion rate of the stainless steel material can be adopted to quickly evaluate the corrosion resistance of a sample.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of atmospheric corrosion simulation and evaluation of stainless steel materials, in particular to a corrosion resistance evaluation method of a stainless steel material.
Background
With the continuous development of industrial construction, environmental pollution is getting worse, the problem of corrosion of power facilities, especially substation equipment, is getting worse, and the safety of power grid operation is obviously affected. The corrosion problem causes potential danger to the safety reliability and the service life of the transformer substation, and the potential danger is highly valued by the power transmission and transformation industries of various countries in the world.
A large number of researches and practices show that the most effective protection means for the corrosion problem is prior protection, so that the research on the corrosion mechanism and the corrosion process of materials is greatly helpful for the prior protection work of the corrosion problem, and the traditional outdoor sample-throwing corrosion test method has the disadvantages of long test period, high economic cost, slow effect conversion and the like. Therefore, in recent years, a great deal of researchers have focused on developing an accelerated corrosion test method which is efficient and highly correlated with actual material corrosion, so as to evaluate and predict the durability of the material in an actual use environment. The invention mainly discloses a corrosion resistance evaluation method of a stainless steel material, which can provide basis and support for reasonable material selection and corrosion prevention design of power transmission and transformation engineering and guarantee for safe operation of a power grid.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a corrosion resistance evaluation method for a stainless steel material, which can provide basis and support for reasonable material selection and corrosion prevention design of power transmission and transformation engineering and guarantee safe operation of a power grid.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a corrosion resistance evaluation method of a stainless steel material includes the following steps:
s1: preparing a material, wherein the material comprises a stainless steel plate, a plurality of aqueous solutions C for simulating a corrosion medium, and a test box for simulating an atmospheric dry-wet alternative corrosion process;
s2: adjusting the temperature in the box to a set temperature through a temperature adjusting device in the test box, keeping the box body sealed, putting the stainless steel plate into the test box and placing the stainless steel plate in a container containing the aqueous solution C, so that the stainless steel plate is completely immersed in the aqueous solution C for a period of time;
s3: when the duration of S2 expires, opening the test box, taking out the container containing the aqueous solution C, leaving the stainless steel plate soaked by the aqueous solution C in the test box, and then closing the test box opening;
s4: drying the stainless steel plate soaked by the water solution C by a drying device in the test box for a period of time;
s5: when the duration of S4 is expired, repeating the steps S2, S3 and S4, and carrying out a wetting/drying cycle on the stainless steel plate, wherein the test is finished when the first rusty spot appears on the surface of the stainless steel plate or when the test time is expired for one period;
s6: analyzing data, judging the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel according to the corrosion rate of the stainless steel, wherein the corrosion rate is obtained by the following steps: firstly, calculating the corrosion weight loss of a stainless steel sample, and calculating the corrosion speed V (mum/a) from the weight change of the sample before and after a corrosion experiment, wherein the formula is as follows:
in the formula:
v-sample corrosion rate, μm/a;
Δ W-weight loss of sample, g;
rho-stainless steel material density, g.cm-3;
a-area of sample, cm 2;
t-test period, h;
under the same test period, the higher the corrosion rate is, the poorer the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel material is;
or comparing the time when the first rusty spot appears on the surface of each stainless steel sample, wherein the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel is poorer as the time when the first rusty spot appears is earlier, and when the first rusty spot appears on the stainless steel at the same time, the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel is judged according to the number and the area of the rusty spots, and the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel is poorer as the area is larger as the number of the rusty spots is larger.
Preferably, the parameters of the aqueous solution C are as follows: NaCl concentration 14%, HSO 3-concentration 2.00g/L, pH 3.0, temperature 50 ℃, distilled water preparation.
Preferably, in S2, the stainless steel plate is completely immersed in the aqueous solution C for a duration of 10 to 15 min.
Preferably, in S4, the duration of the drying process performed on the stainless steel sheet is 45 to 50 min.
Preferably, in S5, one trial period is 240 h.
Preferably, the data for analysis in S6 is at least 3 sets.
Preferably, the test chamber comprises:
the box body is used for providing a space required by simulating corrosion of a stainless steel material, and an opening is formed in the bottom of the box body;
the steel plate clamp is arranged in the box body and used for fixing the stainless steel plate from the upper part;
the box cover is arranged at the opening of the box body and used for opening or closing the opening of the box body;
a container for holding an aqueous solution C;
the lifting plate is arranged right below the opening of the box body, the size of the lifting plate is equal to that of the lower end face of the box body, the container is fixed on the upper surface of the lifting plate, when the lifting plate moves upwards, the box cover is driven to be opened towards two sides through the driving connecting rods fixed on two sides of the moving plate, in the opening process of the box cover, the container is lifted to the interior of the box body, the stainless steel plate is inserted into the container from the upper side, the stainless steel plate is completely immersed in the aqueous solution C, the lifting plate is used for plugging the bottom opening of the box body, when the lifting plate moves downwards, the container is moved out from the lower side of the stainless steel plate, meanwhile, the driving connecting rods on two;
the power mechanism is used for providing power required by the movement of the lifting plate relative to the opening of the box body;
the control assembly is used for controlling the electrical components of the test box;
the support frame is used for supporting the box body and the power mechanism.
Preferably, a temperature adjusting device is arranged inside the box body and used for adjusting the temperature inside the box body to a set temperature; and a drying device for drying the stainless steel plate in S4.
Preferably, the case lid is the slide of two symmetry settings at the bottom half opening part, the symmetry is equipped with U type spout on two relative inner walls of bottom half opening part, the four corners department of slide is respectively through a cylindric slider sliding connection in the U type spout of both sides, the slider sliding connection of slide outer end is in the vertical section of U type spout, the slider sliding connection of slide inner is in the horizontal straight section of U type spout, when the slide of both sides is the level, close the bottom opening of box promptly, when the slide outer end is located the highest position of the vertical section of U type spout, the bottom opening of box is opened completely, and the slide is the slope form this moment.
Preferably, the slot hole has been seted up along the vertical slip orbit of slide on two relative lateral walls that the box did not set up U type spout, the drive connecting rod is total two sets of and sets up respectively in the both sides of lifter plate, and the drive connecting rod includes first connecting rod and second connecting rod, and first connecting rod laminating box lateral wall sets up, when carrying out S2, carries out the shutoff to the slot hole, when carrying out S4, makes the slot hole expose as the bleeder vent, second connecting rod and first connecting rod fixed connection, and the second connecting rod passes from the slot hole and rotates with the outer end of slide to be connected.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method can be used for simulating the corrosion process of the stainless steel in the atmospheric environment, has the advantages of simulation, acceleration and reproducibility, can be used for quickly evaluating the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel in the atmospheric environment, and can provide basis and support for reasonable material selection and corrosion prevention design of the stainless steel material for power transmission and transformation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the inside of a test chamber according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an internal view of another embodiment of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken at A-A of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the connections of the control module in the test chamber;
in the figure: 1-box body, 2-steel plate clamp, 3-sliding plate, 4-observation window, 5-stainless steel plate, 6-lifting plate, 7-first connecting rod, 8-second connecting rod, 9-long hole, 10-U-shaped sliding groove, 11-electric heat source, 12-drying device, 13-temperature sensor, 14-power mechanism, 15-supporting frame, 16-storage tank, 17-liquid supply pipe, 18-liquid supply pump, 19-collection tank, 20-liquid discharge pipe, 21-liquid discharge pump and 22-container.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention firstly simulates the corrosion of the stainless steel material in the atmospheric environment, and then establishes a test method for rapidly evaluating the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel. The corrosion resistance of the stainless steel material in different production plants, different batches of stainless steel materials or stainless steel materials produced by different processes can be quickly evaluated in the atmospheric environment. The corrosive solution is mainly prepared by adjusting the pH to 3.0 and using distilled water, wherein the NaCl concentration is 14 percent, the HSO 3-concentration is 2 g/L. The immersion/drying cycle was used to simulate an alternate dry and wet etching process. The immersion/drying cycle has a cycle period of 60min, including 15min immersion and 45min drying. During the immersion phase, the uppermost end of the sample should be at least 10mm below the surface of the solution. The ambient temperature of the entire test chamber was 50 ℃. The cycle number is determined according to the test requirement, namely the stainless steel has a first rust point, if the phenomenon does not occur, the test period is 240 hours generally.
And for the corrosion result of the sample, rapidly evaluating the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel by utilizing the macroscopic morphology and the corrosion rate. The principle of evaluation was: the earlier the first rust occurs, the poorer the corrosion resistance of stainless steel; or the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel material is poorer when the corrosion rate is higher under the same test period. When the stainless steel has the first rusty spot at the same time, the protection effect of the stainless steel is judged according to the number and the area of the rusty spots, and the more rusty spots are, the larger the area is, and the poorer the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel is.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the present invention provides a method for evaluating corrosion resistance of a stainless steel material, including the following steps:
s1: preparing a material, wherein the material comprises a stainless steel plate 5, a plurality of aqueous solutions C simulating corrosion media, and a test box for simulating an atmospheric dry-wet alternate corrosion process;
s2: adjusting the temperature in the box to a set temperature through a temperature adjusting device in the test box, keeping the box body 1 sealed, putting the stainless steel plate 5 into the test box and placing the stainless steel plate in a container 22 containing the aqueous solution C, so that the stainless steel plate 5 is completely immersed in the aqueous solution C for a period of time;
s3: when the duration of the S2 is over, opening the test box opening, taking out the container 22 containing the aqueous solution C, leaving the stainless steel plate 5 soaked by the aqueous solution C in the test box, and then closing the test box opening;
s4: drying the stainless steel plate 5 soaked by the aqueous solution C for a period of time by a drying device 12 in the test chamber;
s5: when the duration of S4 is expired, repeating the steps S2, S3 and S4, and carrying out a wetting/drying cycle on the stainless steel plate 5, wherein the test is finished when the first rusty spot appears on the surface of the stainless steel plate 5 or when the test time is expired for one period;
s6: analyzing data, judging the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel according to the corrosion rate of the stainless steel, wherein the corrosion rate is obtained by the following steps: firstly, calculating the corrosion weight loss of a stainless steel sample, and calculating the corrosion speed V (mum/a) from the weight change of the sample before and after a corrosion experiment, wherein the formula is as follows:
in the formula:
v-sample corrosion rate, μm/a;
Δ W-weight loss of sample, g;
rho-stainless steel material density, g.cm-3;
a-area of sample, cm 2;
t-test period, h;
under the same test period, the higher the corrosion rate is, the poorer the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel material is;
or comparing the time when the first rusty spot appears on the surface of each stainless steel sample, wherein the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel is poorer as the time when the first rusty spot appears is earlier, and when the first rusty spot appears on the stainless steel at the same time, the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel is judged according to the number and the area of the rusty spots, and the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel is poorer as the area is larger as the number of the rusty spots is larger.
Specifically, the parameters of the aqueous solution C are as follows: the NaCl concentration is 14%, the HSO 3-concentration is 2.00g/L, the pH is 3.0, the temperature is 50 ℃, distilled water is used for preparation, the prepared water solution C is stored in a storage tank 16, the storage tank 16 is connected with the liquid inlet of a container 22 through a liquid supply pipe 17, and the liquid supply pipe 17 is connected with a liquid supply pump 18.
Specifically, in S2, the stainless steel plate 5 is completely immersed in the aqueous solution C for a duration of 10 to 15 min.
Specifically, in S4, the duration of the drying treatment of the stainless steel plate 5 is 45 to 50 min.
Specifically, in S5, one trial period is 240 h.
Specifically, the data for analysis in S6 is at least 3 sets.
Specifically, the test chamber comprises: the box body 1, the steel plate clip 2, the box cover, the container 22, the lifting plate 6, the power mechanism 14, the control assembly and the support frame 15.
The box body 1 is used for providing a space required by simulating corrosion of a stainless steel material, an opening is formed in the bottom of the box body 1, and an observation window 4 is formed in the side wall of the box body 1 and used for observing the corrosion condition of a stainless steel plate 5 placed in the box body; the steel plate clamp 2 is arranged in the box body 1 and used for fixing the stainless steel plate 5 from the upper side; the box cover is arranged at the opening of the box body 1 and is used for opening or closing the opening of the box body 1; the container 22 is a transparent glass beaker for containing the aqueous solution C, a liquid inlet of the container 22 is connected with the storage tank 16 through a liquid supply pipe 17, a liquid outlet is arranged at one side of the bottom of the container 22, the liquid outlet is connected with the collection tank 19 through a liquid discharge pipe 20, the liquid discharge pipe 20 is connected with a liquid discharge pump 21, and when various parameters in the aqueous solution C do not meet the requirements, the container 22 is changed; the lifting plate 6 is arranged right below the opening of the box body 1, the size of the lifting plate is equal to that of the lower end face of the box body 1, the container 22 is fixed on the upper surface of the lifting plate 6, when the lifting plate 6 moves upwards, the box cover is driven to be opened towards two sides through the driving connecting rods fixed on two sides of the moving plate, in the opening process of the box cover, the container 22 is lifted to the inside of the box body 1, the stainless steel plate 5 is inserted into the container 22 from the upper part, the stainless steel plate 5 is completely immersed into the aqueous solution C, meanwhile, the lifting plate 6 seals the bottom opening of the box body 1, when the lifting plate 6 moves downwards, the container 22 is moved out from the lower part of the stainless steel plate 5, meanwhile, the driving connecting rods on two sides; the power mechanism 14 is used for providing power required by the movement of the lifting plate 6 relative to the opening of the box body 1; the control assembly is used for controlling the electrical components of the test box; the support frame 15 is used for supporting the box body 1 and the power mechanism 14.
Specifically, a temperature adjusting device is arranged inside the box body 1 and used for adjusting the temperature inside the box body 1 to a set temperature, the temperature adjusting device comprises a temperature sensor 13 and an electric heating source 11 (such as an electric heating sheet) which are arranged on the inner wall of the box body 1, the temperature sensor 13 transmits a detected temperature signal to the control assembly, and after the temperature signal is analyzed by the control assembly, the temperature inside the box body 1 is kept at the set value by powering on and powering off the electric heating sheet, so that the temperature environment of a stainless steel material corrosion test in an atmospheric environment is simulated.
A drying device 12 is further arranged inside the box body 1 and used for drying the stainless steel plates 5 in S4, the drying device 12 is a plurality of groups of air dryers arranged on the inner wall of the box body 1, and the drying device 12 is controlled by a control assembly.
The case lid is that two symmetries set up slide 3 at 1 bottom opening part of box, being equipped with U type spout 10 of symmetry on two relative inner walls of 1 bottom opening part of box, slide 3's four corners department is respectively through a cylindric slider sliding connection in the U type spout 10 of both sides, the slider sliding connection of slide 3 outer end is in the vertical section of U type spout 10, slide 3 inner slider sliding connection is in the straight section of level of U type spout 10, when the slide 3 of both sides is the level, close the bottom opening of box 1 promptly, when slide 3 outer end is located the highest position of the vertical section of U type spout 10, the bottom opening of box 1 is opened completely, and slide 3 is the slope form this moment.
The control assembly includes a programmable controller (e.g., PLC controller) programmed to: setting the set temperature of a temperature adjusting device in the box body 1 to be 50 ℃; setting the duration of immersing the stainless steel plate 5 in the aqueous solution C in S2 to 15min, after the time expires, controlling the power mechanism 14 (such as an air cylinder) to drive the lifting plate 6 to move downwards, and simultaneously powering on the drying device 12 to dry the soaked stainless steel plate 5; setting the drying time of the stainless steel plate 5 in the step S4 to be 45min, and after the time expires, driving the lifting plate 6 to move upwards by controlling the power mechanism 14 to immerse the stainless steel plate 5 into the aqueous solution C; a test period is set to 240h, and after the time expires, the lifting plate 6 is automatically returned to the initial position, and the electrical components are powered off.
The method for evaluating the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel material comprises the following steps of: assuming that three factories are respectively a first factory, a second factory and a third factory, the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel samples of the 3 different factories is evaluated by the test method, the corrosion resistance of different stainless steel materials is evaluated by corrosion weightlessness, and the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel is rapidly evaluated by using macroscopic morphology and corrosion rate to the corrosion result of the sample.
Example 1
Taking three different stainless steel samples of a factory A, a factory B and a factory C, keeping the weight of the three stainless steel samples the same, fixing the three stainless steel samples into the same box body 1 by using a steel plate clamp 2, in an initial state, enabling a lifting plate 6 to be located at the lowest position, pumping a sufficient amount of aqueous solution C in a storage tank 16 into a container 22 through a liquid supply pump 18, and keeping the temperature inside the box body 1 at 50 degrees through a temperature adjusting device;
pressing a start button, driving the lifting plate 6 to move towards the bottom opening of the box body 1 by the power mechanism 14 under the instruction of the PLC controller, opening the sliding plate 3 towards two sides by the driving connecting rod in the ascending process of the lifting plate 6, lifting the container 22 to the inside of the box body 1 by the lifting plate 6 in the opening process of the sliding plate 3 until the lifting plate 6 is attached to the lower end surface of the box body 1, completely immersing three stainless steel plate 5 samples into the aqueous solution C, starting timing by the timer of the PLC controller, sending an instruction to the power mechanism 14 by the PLC controller after the timing is completed for 15min, driving the lifting plate 6 to move downwards, driving the container 22 to leave the box body 1 from below in the downward moving process of the lifting plate 6, simultaneously driving the sliding plates 3 at two sides to slide towards the middle part by the driving connecting rod, closing the bottom of the box body 1, and exposing the long hole 9 on the side wall of the box body 1 in the downward moving process of the first connecting, as the bleeder vent of box 1 for the inside air current of box 1 switches on when drying to corrosion resistant plate 5, when lifter plate 6 moved down to the extreme low position, the slide 3 of both sides was the level setting and the inner offsets, thereby seal the bottom opening of box 1, guarantee box 1 heat preservation effect, the PLC controller sends the instruction to drying device 12 simultaneously, make it dry to soaking corrosion resistant plate 5, the time-recorder of PLC controller begins to time, after timing up to 45min, the PLC controller sends the instruction to power unit 14, make power unit 14 drive lifter plate 6 again and shift up.
After the above process is continued for one period (240h), the test is finished, three stainless steel plate 5 samples are taken out, rust on the surfaces of the stainless steel plates are removed, the stainless steel plates are respectively weighed, the weight loss Δ W a, Δ W b and Δ W c of the three stainless steel plates 5 are calculated, wherein Δ W a is greater than Δ W b is greater than Δ W c, then the weight loss Δ W a, Δ W b and Δ W c of the three stainless steel plates 5 are respectively substituted into the corrosion rate calculation formula, the corrosion rates V a, V b and V c of the three stainless steel plates 5 are calculated, and the corrosion rates V a, V b and V c of the three stainless steel plates 5 can be known under the condition of equal test period and other parameters: v A, V B and V C, so that the corrosion resistance of stainless steel samples of 3 different manufacturers is as follows: the first plant < the second plant < the third plant.
Example 2
Taking three different stainless steel samples of a factory A, a factory B and a factory C, keeping the surface areas of the stainless steel samples the same, respectively placing the stainless steel samples in three groups of test boxes, respectively fixing the stainless steel samples through steel plate clamps 2, in an initial state, enabling lifting plates 6 of the three groups of test boxes to be located at the lowest positions, pumping sufficient water solution C in a storage tank 16 into containers 22 of each group of test boxes through a liquid supply pump 18, and keeping the temperature inside each box body 1 of each group of test boxes at 50 degrees through a temperature regulating device of each group of test boxes;
pressing a start button, sending an instruction by a PLC (programmable logic controller) and simultaneously enabling a power mechanism 14 of three groups of test boxes to drive a lifting plate 6 to move upwards or downwards, synchronously controlling the power-on and power-off of drying devices 12 in the three groups of test boxes, controlling the time and the steps to be the same as those of embodiment 1, keeping the test environments in the three groups of test boxes consistent, enabling three different stainless steel samples to carry out immersion/drying cycle reciprocating simulation dry-wet alternate corrosion processes in the same environment, stopping immersion/drying cycle of the stainless steel samples in a test box when a first rust point appears in the test box, and recording the time of the first rust point.
After the test is finished, the first rust point appearance time of three different stainless steel samples is as follows: t A, t B and t C, the earlier the first rust point appears, the poorer the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel, and if t A > t B > t C, the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel samples of the three manufacturers is shown as follows: the first plant, the second plant and the third plant;
when the stainless steel generates the first rusty spot at the same time, the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel is judged according to the rusty spot size and area, such as: when t "a" is t "b", the areas of rusts on the surfaces of stainless steel samples from two manufacturers are compared, and the corrosion resistance of stainless steel is deteriorated as the area increases with more rusts.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A method for evaluating corrosion resistance of a stainless steel material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: preparing a material, wherein the material comprises a stainless steel plate, a plurality of aqueous solutions C for simulating a corrosion medium, and a test box for simulating an atmospheric dry-wet alternative corrosion process;
s2: adjusting the temperature in the box to a set temperature through a temperature adjusting device in the test box, keeping the box body sealed, putting the stainless steel plate into the test box and placing the stainless steel plate in a container containing the aqueous solution C, so that the stainless steel plate is completely immersed in the aqueous solution C for a period of time;
s3: when the duration of S2 expires, opening the test box, taking out the container containing the aqueous solution C, leaving the stainless steel plate soaked by the aqueous solution C in the test box, and then closing the test box opening;
s4: drying the stainless steel plate soaked by the water solution C by a drying device in the test box for a period of time;
s5: when the duration of S4 is expired, repeating the steps S2, S3 and S4, and carrying out a wetting/drying cycle on the stainless steel plate, wherein the test is finished when the first rusty spot appears on the surface of the stainless steel plate or when the test time is expired for one period;
s6: analyzing data, judging the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel according to the corrosion rate of the stainless steel, wherein the corrosion rate is obtained by the following steps: firstly, calculating the corrosion weight loss of a stainless steel sample, and calculating the corrosion speed V (mum/a) from the weight change of the sample before and after a corrosion experiment, wherein the formula is as follows:
in the formula:
v-sample corrosion rate, μm/a;
Δ W-weight loss of sample, g;
rho-stainless steel material density, g.cm-3;
a-area of sample, cm 2;
t-test period, h;
under the same test period, the higher the corrosion rate is, the poorer the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel material is;
or comparing the time when the first rusty spot appears on the surface of each stainless steel sample, wherein the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel is poorer as the time when the first rusty spot appears is earlier, and when the first rusty spot appears on the stainless steel at the same time, the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel is judged according to the number and the area of the rusty spots, and the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel is poorer as the area is larger as the number of the rusty spots is larger.
2. The method for evaluating corrosion resistance of a stainless steel material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the parameters of the aqueous solution C are as follows: NaCl concentration 14%, HSO 3-concentration 2.00g/L, pH 3.0, temperature 50 ℃, distilled water preparation.
3. The method for evaluating corrosion resistance of a stainless steel material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in S2, the stainless steel plate is completely immersed in the aqueous solution C for a duration of 10-15 min.
4. The method for evaluating corrosion resistance of a stainless steel material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in S4, the duration of the drying treatment on the stainless steel plate is 45-50 min.
5. The method for evaluating corrosion resistance of a stainless steel material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in S5, one trial period was 240 h.
6. The method for evaluating corrosion resistance of a stainless steel material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the data for analysis in S6 was at least 3 groups.
7. The method for evaluating corrosion resistance of any one of stainless steel materials according to claims 1-6, wherein the test chamber comprises:
the box body is used for providing a space required by simulating corrosion of a stainless steel material, and an opening is formed in the bottom of the box body;
the steel plate clamp is arranged in the box body and used for fixing the stainless steel plate from the upper part;
the box cover is arranged at the opening of the box body and used for opening or closing the opening of the box body;
a container for holding an aqueous solution C;
the lifting plate is arranged right below the opening of the box body, the size of the lifting plate is equal to that of the lower end face of the box body, the container is fixed on the upper surface of the lifting plate, when the lifting plate moves upwards, the box cover is driven to be opened towards two sides through the driving connecting rods fixed on two sides of the moving plate, in the opening process of the box cover, the container is lifted to the interior of the box body, the stainless steel plate is inserted into the container from the upper side, the stainless steel plate is completely immersed in the aqueous solution C, the lifting plate is used for plugging the bottom opening of the box body, when the lifting plate moves downwards, the container is moved out from the lower side of the stainless steel plate, meanwhile, the driving connecting rods on two;
the power mechanism is used for providing power required by the movement of the lifting plate relative to the opening of the box body;
the control assembly is used for controlling the electrical components of the test box;
the support frame is used for supporting the box body and the power mechanism.
8. The method for evaluating corrosion resistance of a stainless steel material according to claim 7, characterized in that: the temperature adjusting device is arranged in the box body and used for adjusting the temperature in the box body to a set temperature; and a drying device for drying the stainless steel plate in S4.
9. The method for evaluating corrosion resistance of a stainless steel material according to claim 7, characterized in that: the case lid is the slide of two symmetry settings at the bottom half opening part, the symmetry is equipped with U type spout on two relative inner walls of bottom half opening part, the four corners department of slide is respectively through a cylindric slider sliding connection in the U type spout of both sides, the slider sliding connection of slide outer end is in the vertical section of U type spout, the slider sliding connection of slide inner is in the horizontal straight section of U type spout, when the slide of both sides is the level, close the bottom opening of box promptly, when the slide outer end is located the highest position of the vertical section of U type spout, the bottom opening of box is opened completely, and the slide is the slope form this moment.
10. The method for evaluating corrosion resistance of a stainless steel material according to claim 9, characterized in that: the slot hole has been seted up along the vertical slip orbit of slide on two relative lateral walls that the box did not set up U type spout, the drive connecting rod is total two sets of and sets up respectively in the both sides of lifter plate, and the drive connecting rod includes first connecting rod and second connecting rod, and first connecting rod laminating box lateral wall sets up, when carrying out S2, carries out the shutoff to the slot hole, when carrying out S4, makes the slot hole expose as the bleeder vent, second connecting rod and first connecting rod fixed connection, and the second connecting rod passes from the slot hole and rotates with the outer end of slide to be connected.
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