CN111306824B - Overlapping heat pump and control method thereof - Google Patents
Overlapping heat pump and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111306824B CN111306824B CN202010238971.5A CN202010238971A CN111306824B CN 111306824 B CN111306824 B CN 111306824B CN 202010238971 A CN202010238971 A CN 202010238971A CN 111306824 B CN111306824 B CN 111306824B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013486 operation strategy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B7/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with cascade operation, i.e. with two or more circuits, the heat from the condenser of one circuit being absorbed by the evaporator of the next circuit
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/31—Expansion valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/40—Fluid line arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
- F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2347/00—Details for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion
- F25B2347/02—Details of defrosting cycles
Abstract
The embodiment of the application provides an overlapping heat pump and a control method thereof, and relates to the technical field of heat pumps. According to the cascade heat pump, the heat exchange box for storing the heat exchange medium is arranged, so that the low-temperature-level loop can heat the heat exchange medium through the second heat exchange assembly, the third heat exchange assembly of the high-temperature-level loop is utilized to obtain heat from the heat exchange medium, and the fourth heat exchange assembly is utilized to heat the target medium. The high-temperature-stage loop obtains heat from the heat exchange medium when the target medium is heated, so that the scheme can realize that the low-temperature-stage loop and the high-temperature-stage loop do not operate simultaneously. If the high-temperature-level loop needs to be repeatedly started and stopped to heat the target medium, the low-temperature-level loop does not need to be repeatedly started, and only the heat exchange medium needs to be ensured to have enough heat to be supplied to the high-temperature-level loop, so that the service life of the high-temperature-level loop can be prolonged. The control method of the embodiment of the application is used for controlling the cascade heat pump provided by the embodiment of the application, and two-stage heating with time difference can be achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of heat pumps, in particular to a cascade heat pump and a control method thereof.
Background
The intermediate heat exchanger in the cascade heat pump in the current market is a plate heat exchanger, instant heat exchange of the refrigerant is adopted, the low-temperature-level loop and the high-temperature-level loop are required to be synchronously carried out, and once a target medium needs to be heated, the low-temperature-level loop and the high-temperature-level loop are required to be started simultaneously.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, embodiments of the present application provide a cascade heat pump and a control method thereof, so that a low-temperature-stage loop and a high-temperature-stage loop of the cascade heat pump may not be operated at the same time.
In a first aspect, embodiments of the present application provide an cascade heat pump, comprising:
the low-temperature-stage loop comprises a first main pipeline, a first heat exchange assembly, a first compressor, a second heat exchange assembly and a first expansion valve, wherein the first heat exchange assembly, the first compressor, the second heat exchange assembly and the first expansion valve are sequentially connected by the first main pipeline to form a loop, and the low-temperature-stage loop can be used for circulating and flowing a first refrigerant;
the high-temperature-stage loop comprises a second main pipeline, a third heat exchange assembly, a second compressor, a fourth heat exchange assembly and a second expansion valve, wherein the third heat exchange assembly, the second compressor, the fourth heat exchange assembly and the second expansion valve are sequentially connected by the second main pipeline to form a loop, and the high-temperature-stage loop can be used for circulating and flowing a second refrigerant, and the evaporation temperature of the second refrigerant is higher than that of the first refrigerant;
the heat exchange box is used for accommodating heat exchange media, and the second heat exchange assembly and the third heat exchange assembly are all accommodated in the heat exchange box and are used for exchanging heat with the heat exchange media.
In this embodiment, the heat exchange box for storing the heat exchange medium is provided, so that the low-temperature-stage loop can heat the heat exchange medium through the second heat exchange component, then the third heat exchange component of the high-temperature-stage loop is utilized to obtain heat from the heat exchange medium, and the fourth heat exchange component is utilized to heat the target medium. It can be seen that the high temperature stage loop is taking heat from the heat exchange medium while heating the target medium, and the low temperature stage loop may optionally be inactive. Thus, by this scheme, it is possible to realize that the low temperature stage loop and the high temperature stage loop do not operate at the same time. The low-temperature-level loop has the advantages that after the low-temperature-level loop heats the heat exchange medium, if the high-temperature-level loop needs to be repeatedly started and stopped to heat the target medium due to the requirement of a user, the low-temperature-level loop does not need to be repeatedly started, and the heat exchange medium can continuously store a certain amount of heat, so that the heat exchange medium only needs to be ensured to have enough heat to be supplied to the high-temperature-level loop. Because the low-temperature-level loop does not need to be repeatedly started and stopped along with the high-temperature-level loop, the service life of the low-temperature-level loop can be prolonged.
In an alternative embodiment, the third heat exchange assembly is located above the second heat exchange assembly. The third heat exchange assembly is disposed above the second heat exchange assembly to make the heat exchange efficiency higher because the density becomes smaller and increases after the heat exchange medium is heated.
In an alternative embodiment, the heat exchange tank is provided with a replenishment port. When the heat exchange medium is insufficient, the heat exchange medium can be added through the supply port.
In an alternative embodiment, the heat exchange box is provided with an exhaust port and an exhaust valve provided at the exhaust port. When the heat exchange medium is added, the liquid level in the heat exchange box rises, and the exhaust port is used for exhausting. When the cascade heat pump is operated, the exhaust valve closes the exhaust port to reduce heat dissipation.
In an alternative embodiment, an expansion tank is provided at the top of the heat exchange tank and communicates with the interior cavity of the heat exchange tank to receive heat exchange medium spilled from the heat exchange tank. When the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange box is heated, the heat exchange medium expands, and the heat exchange medium can enter the expansion tank after the volume of the heat exchange medium is increased, so that the system pressure can be prevented from being excessively high.
In an alternative embodiment, the heat exchange tank is provided with a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the heat exchange medium. The temperature sensor is arranged to detect the temperature of the heat exchange medium, so that the low-temperature-level loop and the high-temperature-level loop are conveniently controlled to execute corresponding operation strategies according to the temperature of the heat exchange medium. For example, when the temperature of the heat exchange medium reaches a sufficiently high temperature, the high temperature stage loop is controlled to start operating, or the low temperature stage loop is controlled to stop operating.
In an alternative embodiment, the device further comprises a heating end heat exchanger and a pipeline to be heated, wherein the heating end heat exchanger is used for transferring heat of the second refrigerant in the fourth heat exchange assembly to a target medium in the pipeline to be heated. The heat in the fourth heat exchange component is transferred to the target medium through the heating end heat exchanger, so that the heat exchange efficiency is high.
In an alternative embodiment, the first heat exchange assembly is a fin heat exchanger and the second, third and fourth heat exchange assemblies are coil heat exchangers. When the first heat exchange component adopts a fin heat exchanger, heat exchange with air is facilitated, and when the second heat exchange component, the third heat exchange component and the fourth heat exchange component adopt coil heat exchangers, heat exchange between the second heat exchange component, the third heat exchange component and a heat exchange medium is facilitated, and heat exchange between the fourth heat exchange component and a target medium is facilitated.
In an alternative embodiment, a first four-way valve is arranged on the low-temperature-stage loop and is used for changing the circulation direction of the low-temperature-stage loop; the high-temperature-stage loop is provided with a second four-way valve which is used for changing the circulation direction of the high-temperature-stage loop. Through setting up first cross valve and second cross valve, can conveniently change the circulation direction of refrigerant in low temperature level loop and the high temperature level loop to switch each heat transfer module's running state (heat absorption or exothermic), and then realize more functions, like defrost first heat transfer module.
In an alternative embodiment, a compensating branch and a heat exchanger are further arranged on the low-temperature-stage loop, one end of the compensating branch is connected to the first main pipe line between the second heat exchange component and the first expansion valve, the other end of the compensating branch is connected to the air supplementing port of the first compressor, a third expansion valve is arranged on the compensating branch, and the compensating branch and the first main pipe line between the second heat exchange component and the first expansion valve respectively pass through two heat exchange channels of the heat exchanger, so that the first refrigerant passing through the third expansion valve can obtain heat from the first main pipe line through the heat exchanger and enter the air supplementing port of the first compressor in a gaseous state. If the third expansion valve is opened when the ambient temperature is low, a part of refrigerant passes through the third expansion valve, then obtains heat from the first main pipeline through the heat exchanger, and then enters the air supplementing port of the first compressor in a gaseous state form, so that the compression power of the first compressor is improved, and the heating capacity of the low-temperature-stage loop at the second heat exchange component is improved.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a control method of a cascade heat pump, configured to control the cascade heat pump provided in the first aspect, where the control method includes:
starting a first compressor of the low-temperature-level loop, and enabling a second heat exchange component to heat a heat exchange medium in a heat exchange box;
and starting the second compressor of the high-temperature-stage loop, enabling the third heat exchange component to absorb heat from the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange box, and heating the target medium by utilizing the fourth heat exchange component.
Because the cascade heat pump provided in the first aspect is adopted, and the heat exchange box is used for heat storage, the running time difference of the low-temperature-stage loop and the high-temperature-stage loop can be caused.
In an alternative embodiment, after starting the first compressor of the low temperature stage loop, the control method further comprises:
acquiring the temperature of a heat exchange medium;
and when the temperature of the heat exchange medium is not lower than the first preset temperature, controlling the first compressor to be down-converted or closed.
In this embodiment, when the temperature of the heat exchange medium reaches the first preset temperature, it may be determined that the temperature of the heat exchange medium is already high enough at this time, and further increase may cause excessive system load, and the heating efficiency of the second heat exchange assembly may also decrease, so as to control the first compressor to be down-converted or shut down.
In an alternative embodiment, the step of starting the second compressor of the high temperature stage loop is performed in case the heat exchange medium fulfils a first preset condition comprising:
the temperature of the heat exchange medium reaches a second preset temperature.
When the temperature of the heat exchange medium is low, the third heat exchange component is difficult to obtain heat from the heat exchange medium, so that the second compressor of the high-temperature-stage loop is started when the temperature of the heat exchange medium reaches the second preset temperature.
In an alternative embodiment, the control method further comprises:
acquiring the temperature of a target medium heated by a fourth heat exchange assembly;
and when the temperature of the target medium after heating reaches a third preset temperature, controlling the second compressor to be down-converted or turned off.
In this embodiment, when the target medium is heated to the third preset temperature, it means that the temperature of the target medium is already high enough, and the second compressor can be controlled to be down-converted or turned off, so as to reduce energy consumption.
In an alternative embodiment, a first four-way valve is arranged on the low-temperature-stage loop and is used for changing the circulation direction of the low-temperature-stage loop; the control method further comprises the following steps:
when the second preset condition is met, controlling the cascade heat pump to enter a defrosting mode, stopping the operation of the second compressor in the defrosting mode, controlling the first four-way valve to adjust the circulation direction of the first refrigerant so that the first heat exchange assembly releases heat, and enabling the second heat exchange assembly to absorb heat.
In this embodiment, when the frost on the first heat exchange assembly needs to be removed, the first four-way valve is controlled to adjust the circulation direction of the first refrigerant, so that the second heat exchange assembly absorbs heat from the heat exchange medium, and the first heat exchange assembly releases heat to defrost the frost on the first heat exchange assembly, thereby achieving the defrosting effect.
In an alternative embodiment, the second preset condition includes:
the temperature of the first heat exchange component is smaller than the fourth preset temperature, and the temperature of the heat exchange medium is not smaller than the fifth preset temperature.
In this embodiment, when it is determined that the temperature of the first heat exchange component is less than the fourth preset temperature, the first heat exchange component may have a problem of frosting, so that defrosting is required; at the same time, the temperature of the heat exchange medium is required to be not less than the fifth preset temperature because it is necessary to ensure that the heat exchange medium has sufficient heat for defrosting. Further, the second preset condition for entering the defrosting mode may further include that the first compressor is continuously operated for a preset period of time, so that the defrosting mode is started after the low-temperature-level loop is stably operated, and stability of the system is guaranteed.
In an alternative embodiment, a second four-way valve is arranged on the high-temperature-stage loop and is used for changing the circulation direction of the high-temperature-stage loop; after the cascade heat pump enters the defrost mode, the control method further comprises:
judging whether the heat exchange medium is lower than a seventh preset temperature or not under the condition that the first heat exchange component does not reach the sixth preset temperature, if so, controlling the second four-way valve to adjust the circulation direction of the second refrigerant so as to enable the third heat exchange component to release heat, and enabling the fourth heat exchange component to absorb heat;
and under the condition that the first heat exchange assembly reaches a sixth preset temperature, controlling the cascade heat pump to exit the defrosting mode.
In this embodiment, when the first heat exchange assembly has not reached the sixth preset temperature, meaning that there is insufficient defrosting, if the heat exchange medium has fallen below the seventh preset temperature in this case, it means that the second heat exchange assembly is not easy to extract heat from the heat exchange medium to supply the first heat exchange assembly with defrosting. At the moment, the second four-way valve of the high-temperature-stage loop is controlled to switch the circulating direction of the second refrigerant, so that the third heat exchange component heats the heat exchange medium to improve the heat storage capacity of the heat exchange medium, and the second heat exchange component can acquire enough heat from the heat exchange medium to supply the first heat exchange component for defrosting.
In an alternative embodiment, a compensating branch and a heat exchanger are further arranged on the low-temperature-stage loop, one end of the compensating branch is connected to a first main pipeline between the second heat exchange component and the first expansion valve, the other end of the compensating branch is connected to a gas supplementing port of the first compressor, a third expansion valve is arranged on the compensating branch, and the compensating branch and a first main pipeline between the second heat exchange component and the first expansion valve respectively pass through two heat exchange channels of the heat exchanger, so that a first refrigerant passing through the third expansion valve can acquire heat from the first main pipeline through the heat exchanger and enter the gas supplementing port of the first compressor in a gaseous state; the control method further comprises the following steps:
and controlling the third expansion valve to be opened under the condition that the ambient temperature is lower than the eighth preset temperature.
If the ambient temperature is lower than the eighth preset temperature, the first heat exchange component is harder to obtain heat from the environment, and the second heat exchange component has insufficient heating capacity on the heat exchange medium. Therefore, at this time, the third expansion valve is opened, and a part of refrigerant passes through the third expansion valve, then obtains heat from the first main pipeline through the heat exchanger, and then enters the air supplementing port of the first compressor in a gaseous state form, so that the compression power of the first compressor is improved, and the heating capacity of the low-temperature-stage loop at the second heat exchange assembly is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cascade heat pump according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a control method of a cascade heat pump in an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a control method of a cascade heat pump according to another embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a control flow diagram of an overlapping heat pump entering defrost mode in one embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals illustrate:
010-cascade heat pump; a 100-low temperature stage loop; 110-a first main line; 120-a first heat exchange assembly; 130-a first compressor; 140-a second heat exchange assembly; 150-a first expansion valve; 160-compensating branches; 170-a third expansion valve; 180-heat exchanger; 190-a first four-way valve; 200-high temperature stage loop; 210-a second main line; 220-a third heat exchange assembly; 230-a second compressor; 240-fourth heat exchange assembly; 250-a second expansion valve; 260-a second four-way valve; 300-heat exchange box; 310-a replenishment port; 320-exhaust valve; 330-a temperature sensor; 340-an expansion tank; 400-heating end heat exchanger; 500-pipeline to be heated.
Detailed Description
In the cascade heat pump in the prior art, the intermediate heat exchanger is usually a plate heat exchanger, instant heat exchange of the refrigerant is adopted by adopting the refrigerant, the low-temperature-level loop and the high-temperature-level loop are required to be synchronously carried out, and once a target medium needs to be heated, the low-temperature-level loop and the high-temperature-level loop are required to be started simultaneously. If the user repeatedly opens the high-temperature-level loop to heat the target medium, the low-temperature-level loop and the high-temperature-level loop need to be operated simultaneously to heat the target medium, so that the low-temperature-level loop needs to be repeatedly opened. Repeatedly turning on and off the compressor is detrimental to the life of the device.
In order to ameliorate the above problems of the prior art. The embodiment of the application provides a cascade heat pump and a control method thereof, so that a low-temperature-level loop and a high-temperature-level loop of the cascade heat pump can not operate at the same time. In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present application more comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cascade heat pump 010 according to an embodiment of the present application. Referring to fig. 1, an cascade heat pump 010 provided in an embodiment of the present application includes:
the low-temperature-stage loop 100 comprises a first main pipeline 110, a first heat exchange assembly 120, a first compressor 130, a second heat exchange assembly 140 and a first expansion valve 150, wherein the first heat exchange assembly 120, the first compressor 130, the second heat exchange assembly 140 and the first expansion valve 150 are sequentially connected by the first main pipeline 110 to form a loop, and the low-temperature-stage loop 100 can be used for circulating a first refrigerant;
the high-temperature-stage loop 200 comprises a second main pipeline 210, a third heat exchange assembly 220, a second compressor 230, a fourth heat exchange assembly 240 and a second expansion valve 250, wherein the third heat exchange assembly 220, the second compressor 230, the fourth heat exchange assembly 240 and the second expansion valve 250 are sequentially connected by the second main pipeline 210 to form a loop, the high-temperature-stage loop 200 can be used for circulating and flowing a second refrigerant, and the evaporation temperature of the second refrigerant is higher than that of the first refrigerant;
the heat exchange box 300, the heat exchange box 300 is used for holding heat exchange medium, and the second heat exchange component 140 and the third heat exchange component 220 are both accommodated in the heat exchange box 300 and are used for exchanging heat with the heat exchange medium.
In this embodiment, the heat exchange box 300 for storing the heat exchange medium is provided, so that the low-temperature-stage loop 100 can heat the heat exchange medium through the second heat exchange assembly 140, store heat in the heat exchange medium, acquire heat from the heat exchange medium by using the third heat exchange assembly 220 of the high-temperature-stage loop 200, and heat the target medium by using the fourth heat exchange assembly 240. It can be seen that the high temperature stage loop 200 is taking heat from the heat exchange medium while heating the target medium, and the low temperature stage loop 100 may optionally be inactive. It is thus possible to realize that the low temperature stage loop 100 and the high temperature stage loop 200 do not operate at the same time by this scheme. The advantage of this is that after the low temperature loop 100 heats the heat exchange medium, if the high temperature loop 200 needs to be repeatedly started and stopped to heat the target medium due to the requirement of the user, the low temperature loop 100 does not need to be repeatedly started, because the heat exchange medium can continuously store a certain amount of heat, and only needs to ensure that the heat exchange medium has enough heat to be supplied to the high temperature loop 200. Because the low temperature stage loop 100 does not need to be repeatedly started and stopped with the high temperature stage loop 200, its service life can be extended. In the present embodiment, two-stage heating of the high temperature stage loop 200 and the low temperature stage loop 100 is used, and in other embodiments of the present application, more stages of heating may be used, and accordingly, more heat exchange tanks 300 need to be added.
In this embodiment, in order to improve the heat exchange efficiency between the second heat exchange assembly 140, the heat exchange medium, and the third heat exchange assembly 220, the third heat exchange assembly 220 is located above the second heat exchange assembly 140. Because the density of the heat exchange medium becomes smaller and increases after being heated, the third heat exchange assembly 220 is disposed above the second heat exchange assembly 140 to make the heat exchange efficiency higher.
In the present embodiment, the heat exchange tank 300 is provided with a replenishment port 310. When the heat exchange medium is insufficient, the heat exchange medium can be added through the supply port 310, and the supply port 310 can be provided with a plug for sealing. The heat exchange tank 300 is further provided with an exhaust port and an exhaust valve 320 provided at the exhaust port. When the heat exchange medium is added, the liquid level in the heat exchange box 300 rises, and the exhaust port is used for exhaust. When the cascade heat pump 010 is operating, the exhaust valve 320 closes the exhaust port to reduce heat loss. In particular, in the present embodiment, the exhaust and supply port 310 is provided at the top of the heat exchange tank 300.
Optionally, an expansion tank 340 is disposed on top of the heat exchange tank 300, and the expansion tank 340 is in communication with the interior cavity of the heat exchange tank 300 to receive heat exchange medium overflowed from the heat exchange tank 300. When the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange tank 300 is heated, the heat exchange medium expands, and the heat exchange medium can enter the expansion tank 340 after the volume of the heat exchange medium increases, so that the system pressure can be prevented from being excessively high.
Optionally, the heat exchange tank 300 is provided with a temperature sensor 330 for detecting the temperature of the heat exchange medium. By providing a temperature sensor 330, the temperature of the heat exchange medium can be detected, and the low temperature level loop 100 and the high temperature level loop 200 can be conveniently controlled to execute corresponding operation strategies according to the temperature of the heat exchange medium. For example, when the temperature of the heat exchange medium reaches a sufficiently high temperature, the high temperature stage loop 200 is controlled to start operating, or the low temperature stage loop 100 is controlled to stop operating.
In an alternative embodiment, the cascade heat pump 010 may further include a heating end heat exchanger 400 and a to-be-heated pipeline 500, wherein the heating end heat exchanger 400 is used for transferring heat of the second refrigerant in the fourth heat exchange assembly 240 to the target medium in the to-be-heated pipeline 500. The heat in the fourth heat exchange assembly 240 is transferred to the target medium through the heating side heat exchanger 400, and thus, the heat exchange efficiency is high.
Optionally, the first heat exchange assembly 120 is a fin heat exchanger, and the second heat exchange assembly 140, the third heat exchange assembly 220, and the fourth heat exchange assembly 240 are coil heat exchangers. When the first heat exchange assembly 120 adopts a fin heat exchanger, heat exchange with air is facilitated, and when the second heat exchange assembly 140, the third heat exchange assembly 220 and the fourth heat exchange assembly 240 adopt coil heat exchangers, heat exchange between the second heat exchange assembly 140, the third heat exchange assembly 220 and a heat exchange medium is facilitated, and heat exchange between the fourth heat exchange assembly 240 and a target medium is facilitated. Temperature sensors may also be provided on each heat exchange assembly to monitor temperature.
As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, a first four-way valve 190 is provided on the low-temperature-stage loop 100, and the first four-way valve 190 is used to change the circulation direction of the low-temperature-stage loop 100. When the second heat exchange assembly 140 is needed to heat the heat exchange medium, the D port and the E port of the first four-way valve 190 are communicated, and the C port and the S port are communicated. The low-temperature low-pressure gaseous first refrigerant is compressed into the high-temperature high-pressure gaseous first refrigerant by the first compressor 130, and enters the second heat exchange component 140 to exchange heat with the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange box 300 from the D port to the E port of the first four-way valve 190. The gaseous first refrigerant is liquefied into a liquid state after passing through the first heat exchange assembly 120 and is throttled and depressurized by the first expansion valve 150, then enters the first heat exchange assembly 120 for evaporation, absorbs heat from air to become a low-temperature low-pressure gaseous first refrigerant, returns to the C port of the first four-way valve 190, enters the air suction port of the first compressor 130 through the S port, and circulates continuously. When the circulation direction of the first refrigerant needs to be changed, the D port and the C port of the first four-way valve 190 are communicated, the E port and the S port are communicated, and at this time, the first heat exchange assembly 120 releases heat, and the second heat exchange assembly 140 absorbs heat from the heat exchange medium.
Similarly, the high-temperature-stage loop 200 is provided with a second four-way valve 260, and the second four-way valve 260 is used for changing the circulation direction of the high-temperature-stage loop 200. When heat is required to be absorbed from the heat exchange medium through the third heat exchange assembly 220, the D port and the E port of the second four-way valve 260 are communicated, and the C port and the S port are communicated. When the circulation direction of the second refrigerant needs to be changed, the D port and the C port of the second four-way valve 260 are communicated, the E port and the S port are communicated, and at this time, the third heat exchange assembly 220 releases heat, and the fourth heat exchange assembly 240 absorbs heat. The circulation mode of the second refrigerant is similar to that of the first refrigerant, and will not be described here again. By providing the first four-way valve 190 and the second four-way valve 260, the circulation direction of the refrigerant in the low-temperature-level loop 100 and the high-temperature-level loop 200 can be conveniently changed, so that the operation state (heat absorption or heat release) of each heat exchange component is switched, and further more functions, such as defrosting the first heat exchange component 120, are realized.
As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, a compensating branch 160 and a heat exchanger 180 are further disposed on the low-temperature-stage loop 100, one end of the compensating branch 160 is connected to the first main pipeline 110 between the second heat exchange component 140 and the first expansion valve 150, the other end of the compensating branch 160 is connected to the air compensating port of the first compressor 130, a third expansion valve 170 is disposed on the compensating branch 160, the compensating branch 160 and the first main pipeline 110 between the second heat exchange component 140 and the first expansion valve 150 respectively pass through two heat exchange channels of the heat exchanger 180, so that the first refrigerant after passing through the third expansion valve 170 can obtain heat from the first main pipeline 110 through the heat exchanger 180 and enter the air compensating port of the first compressor 130 in gaseous form. If the third expansion valve 170 is opened at a low ambient temperature, a portion of the refrigerant passes through the third expansion valve 170, then takes heat from the first main line 110 through the heat exchanger 180, and then enters the make-up port of the first compressor 130 in gaseous form to increase the compression power of the first compressor 130, thereby increasing the heating capacity of the low temperature stage loop 100 at the second heat exchange assembly 140. The third expansion valve 170 may be an electronic expansion valve, and thus may be controlled to be opened or closed.
In this embodiment, the first refrigerant may be R-410A, and the second refrigerant may be R-134A, where the evaporation temperature of the second refrigerant is higher than the evaporation temperature of the first refrigerant at the same atmospheric pressure. The heat exchange medium can be water, and can store heat better because of lower cost and higher specific heat capacity. The target medium to be heated may also be water. Of course, in other embodiments of the present application, the first refrigerant, the second refrigerant, the heat exchange medium, and the target medium may be selected as desired.
Fig. 2 is a control method of the cascade heat pump according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 2, the control method of the cascade heat pump provided in the embodiment of the present application may be used to control the cascade heat pump 010 provided in the foregoing embodiment of the present application. The control method of the cascade heat pump provided by the embodiment of the application comprises the following steps:
step S100, a first compressor of the low-temperature-stage loop is started, and the second heat exchange component heats heat exchange medium in the heat exchange box.
Taking the example of providing the cascade heat pump 010 in the embodiment of the present application, when the target medium needs to be heated, the low-temperature-stage loop 100 is used to heat the heat exchange medium first. At this time, the D port and the E port of the first four-way valve 190 communicate, and the C port and the S port communicate. The low-temperature low-pressure gaseous first refrigerant is compressed into the high-temperature high-pressure gaseous first refrigerant by the first compressor 130, and enters the second heat exchange component 140 to exchange heat with the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange box 300 from the D port to the E port of the first four-way valve 190. The gaseous first refrigerant is liquefied into a liquid state after passing through the first heat exchange assembly 120 and is throttled and depressurized by the first expansion valve 150, then enters the first heat exchange assembly 120 for evaporation, absorbs heat from air to become a low-temperature low-pressure gaseous first refrigerant, returns to the C port of the first four-way valve 190, enters the air suction port of the first compressor 130 through the S port, and circulates continuously.
To prevent overheating of the heat exchange medium, after starting the first compressor 130 of the low temperature stage loop 100, the control method may further include: acquiring the temperature of a heat exchange medium; when the temperature of the heat exchange medium is not lower than the first preset temperature, the first compressor 130 is controlled to be down-converted or turned off. In this embodiment, when the temperature of the heat exchange medium reaches the first preset temperature, it may be determined that the temperature of the heat exchange medium is already high enough at this time, and further increase may cause excessive system load, and the heating efficiency of the second heat exchange assembly 140 may also decrease, so as to control the first compressor 130 to be down-converted or shut down. The first preset temperature may be set as desired, for example 28 ℃. The temperature of the heat exchange medium may be collected with a temperature sensor 330.
In this embodiment, when the temperature of the heat exchange medium reaches the first preset temperature, it may be determined that the temperature of the heat exchange medium is already high enough at this time, and further increase may cause excessive system load, and the heating efficiency of the second heat exchange assembly 140 may also decrease, so as to control the first compressor 130 to be down-converted or shut down.
Step S200, a second compressor of the high-temperature-stage loop is started, so that the third heat exchange component absorbs heat from the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange box, and the fourth heat exchange component is utilized to heat the target medium.
Taking the embodiment of the present application as an example, when the heat needs to be absorbed from the heat exchange medium by the third heat exchange component 220, the D port and the E port of the second four-way valve 260 are communicated, and the C port and the S port are communicated. The fourth heat exchange assembly 240 transfers heat to the target medium in the pipeline 500 to be heated through the heating end heat exchanger 400, thereby achieving heating of the target medium. The circulation mode of the second refrigerant is similar to that of the first refrigerant heating heat exchange medium, and will not be repeated here. By the control method provided by the embodiment of the application, two-stage heating can be realized, all-stage advantages are brought into play, high-temperature hot water is prepared, and energy efficiency is improved.
Fig. 3 is a control method of the cascade heat pump according to another embodiment of the present application. Referring to fig. 3, further, since it is difficult for the third heat exchange assembly 220 to obtain heat from the heat exchange medium when the temperature of the heat exchange medium is low, in an alternative embodiment, the step S200 may be performed only when the heat exchange medium meets the first preset condition. For example, the first preset condition includes: the temperature of the heat exchange medium reaches a second preset temperature. When the temperature of the medium to be heat-exchanged reaches the second preset temperature, the second compressor 230 of the high-temperature-stage loop 200 is turned on again, which is beneficial to improving the heat exchange efficiency. The second preset temperature may be selected as desired, for example, the second preset temperature is set to be lower than the first preset temperature by a certain value, for example, the second preset temperature is set to be 23 ℃ by subtracting 5 ℃ from the first preset temperature.
Further, the control method of the cascade heat pump may further include: acquiring the temperature of the target medium after being heated by the fourth heat exchange assembly 240; when the temperature of the target medium after heating reaches the third preset temperature, the second compressor 230 is controlled to be down-converted or turned off. When the target medium is heated to the third preset temperature, meaning that the temperature of the target medium is already high enough, the second compressor 230 can be controlled to be down-converted or turned off to reduce the energy consumption. The third preset temperature may be selected as desired, for example, 70 ℃.
Fig. 4 is a control flow diagram of the cascade heat pump 010 entering defrost mode in an embodiment of the application. Since the first heat exchange assembly 120 may frost due to the low ambient temperature, in an alternative embodiment, in the case where the cascade heat pump 010 is operated, the control method of the cascade heat pump further includes: when the second preset condition is satisfied, the cascade heat pump 010 is controlled to enter a defrosting mode, in which the operation of the second compressor 230 is stopped, and the first four-way valve 190 is controlled to adjust the circulation direction of the first refrigerant so that the first heat exchanging assembly 120 releases heat, and the second heat exchanging assembly 140 absorbs heat.
In this embodiment, when the frost on the first heat exchange assembly 120 needs to be removed, the first four-way valve 190 is controlled to adjust the circulation direction of the first refrigerant, so that the second heat exchange assembly 140 absorbs heat from the heat exchange medium, and the first heat exchange assembly 120 releases heat to defrost the frost on the first heat exchange assembly 120, thereby achieving the defrosting effect.
Specifically, the second preset condition may include: the temperature of the first heat exchange assembly 120 is less than the fourth preset temperature, and the temperature of the heat exchange medium is not less than the fifth preset temperature.
In this embodiment, when it is determined that the temperature of the first heat exchange assembly 120 is less than the fourth preset temperature, it means that the temperature of the first heat exchange assembly 120 is too low, and there may be a problem of frosting, which requires defrosting; at the same time, the temperature of the heat exchange medium is required to be not less than the fifth preset temperature because it is necessary to ensure that the heat exchange medium has sufficient heat for defrosting. Further, the second preset condition for entering the defrost mode may further include the first compressor 130 being operated continuously for a preset period of time (e.g., 30 minutes), so that the defrost mode is ensured to be started after the low temperature stage loop 100 is stably operated, and the stability of the system is ensured. The fourth preset temperature and the fifth preset temperature can be selected according to the needs, for example, the fourth preset temperature is set to be-4 ℃, and the fifth preset temperature is set to be 20 ℃.
In an alternative embodiment, after the cascade heat pump 010 enters the defrost mode, the control method further comprises:
if the first heat exchange component 120 does not reach the sixth preset temperature, judging whether the heat exchange medium is lower than the seventh preset temperature, if so, controlling the second four-way valve 260 to adjust the circulation direction of the second refrigerant so as to make the third heat exchange component 220 emit heat, and the fourth heat exchange component 240 absorb heat;
in case the first heat exchange assembly 120 reaches the sixth preset temperature, the cascade heat pump 010 is controlled to exit the defrost mode.
In this embodiment, when the first heat exchange assembly 120 has not reached the sixth preset temperature, meaning that there is insufficient defrosting, if the heat exchange medium has fallen below the seventh preset temperature in this case, it means that the second heat exchange assembly 140 is not easy to extract heat from the heat exchange medium to supply the first heat exchange assembly 120 with defrosting. At this time, the second four-way valve 260 of the high-temperature-stage loop 200 is controlled to switch the circulation direction of the second refrigerant, so that the third heat exchange assembly 220 heats the heat exchange medium to increase the heat storage capacity of the heat exchange medium, and the second heat exchange assembly 140 can obtain enough heat from the heat exchange medium to supply the first heat exchange assembly 120 for defrosting. The sixth preset temperature and the seventh preset temperature may be selected as needed, for example, the sixth preset temperature is set to 16 ℃, and the seventh preset temperature is set to 10 ℃. When the first heat exchange assembly 120 reaches the sixth preset temperature, it means that the defrosting is fully performed, and thus the defrosting mode is exited, alternatively, the normal heating mode may be directly entered, the second heat exchange assembly 140 is continuously used for heating the heat exchange medium, and the fourth heat exchange assembly 240 is used for heating the target medium. The termination condition for heating the heat exchange medium by the third heat exchange assembly 220 may be that the temperature of the first heat exchange assembly 120 reaches the sixth preset temperature, or that the heat exchange medium reaches the preset value.
In an alternative embodiment, during the process of heating the heat exchange medium by the second heat exchange assembly 140, when the environmental temperature of the first heat exchange assembly 120 is too low, the control method of the cascade heat pump may further include:
in case that the ambient temperature is lower than the eighth preset temperature, the third expansion valve 170 is controlled to be opened.
If the ambient temperature is lower than the eighth preset temperature, it means that the first heat exchanging assembly 120 is more difficult to obtain heat from the environment, and the second heat exchanging assembly 140 has insufficient heating capacity for the heat exchanging medium. Therefore, at this time, the third expansion valve 170 is opened, and a portion of the refrigerant passes through the third expansion valve 170, and then, is taken out of the first main line 110 through the heat exchanger 180, and then, enters the gas-supplementing port of the first compressor 130 in a gaseous state, so as to increase the compression power of the first compressor 130, thereby increasing the heating capacity of the low-temperature-stage loop 100 at the second heat exchange assembly 140. The eighth preset temperature may be selected as desired, such as set to 0 ℃.
Although the present application is disclosed above, the present application is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and the scope of the invention shall be defined by the appended claims.
Claims (16)
1. A cascade heat pump, comprising:
a low-temperature-stage loop (100) comprising a first main pipeline (110), a first heat exchange assembly (120), a first compressor (130), a second heat exchange assembly (140) and a first expansion valve (150), wherein the first heat exchange assembly (120), the first compressor (130), the second heat exchange assembly (140) and the first expansion valve (150) are sequentially connected by the first main pipeline (110) to form a loop, and the low-temperature-stage loop (100) can be used for circulating a first refrigerant;
the high-temperature-stage loop (200) comprises a second main pipeline (210), a third heat exchange assembly (220), a second compressor (230), a fourth heat exchange assembly (240) and a second expansion valve (250), wherein the third heat exchange assembly (220), the second compressor (230), the fourth heat exchange assembly (240) and the second expansion valve (250) are sequentially connected by the second main pipeline (210) to form a loop, the high-temperature-stage loop (200) can be used for circulating and flowing a second refrigerant, the evaporation temperature of the second refrigerant is higher than that of the first refrigerant, and the third heat exchange assembly (220) is positioned above the second heat exchange assembly (140);
the heat exchange box (300), the heat exchange box (300) is used for accommodating heat exchange media, and the second heat exchange assembly (140) and the third heat exchange assembly (220) are both accommodated in the heat exchange box (300) and are used for exchanging heat with the heat exchange media;
the cascade heat pump further comprises a heating end heat exchanger (400) and a pipeline (500) to be heated, wherein the heating end heat exchanger (400) is used for transferring heat of the second refrigerant in the fourth heat exchange assembly (240) to a target medium in the pipeline (500) to be heated.
2. The cascade heat pump according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchange tank (300) is provided with a replenishment port (310).
3. The cascade heat pump according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchange tank (300) is provided with an exhaust port and an exhaust valve (320) arranged at the exhaust port.
4. The cascade heat pump according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchange tank (300) is provided with an expansion tank (340) at the top, the expansion tank (340) being in communication with the inner cavity of the heat exchange tank (300) for receiving heat exchange medium overflowing from the heat exchange tank (300).
5. The cascade heat pump according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchange tank (300) is provided with a temperature sensor (330) for detecting the temperature of the heat exchange medium.
6. The cascade heat pump according to claim 1, characterized in that the first heat exchange assembly (120) is a fin heat exchanger, the second heat exchange assembly (140), the third heat exchange assembly (220) and the fourth heat exchange assembly (240) are coil heat exchangers.
7. The cascade heat pump according to any of claims 1-6, characterized in that a first four-way valve (190) is arranged on the low-temperature stage loop (100), the first four-way valve (190) being used for changing the circulation direction of the low-temperature stage loop (100); the high-temperature-stage loop (200) is provided with a second four-way valve (260), and the second four-way valve (260) is used for changing the circulation direction of the high-temperature-stage loop (200).
8. The cascade heat pump according to any of claims 1-6, characterized in that a compensating branch (160) and a heat exchanger (180) are further arranged on the low-temperature-stage loop (100), one end of the compensating branch (160) is connected to the first main line (110) between the second heat exchange component (140) and the first expansion valve (150), the other end of the compensating branch (160) is connected to the air compensating port of the first compressor (130), a third expansion valve (170) is arranged on the compensating branch (160), and the compensating branch (160) and the first main line (110) between the second heat exchange component (140) and the first expansion valve (150) respectively pass through two heat exchange channels of the heat exchanger (180).
9. The control method of a cascade heat pump according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising:
starting a first compressor (130) of the low-temperature-stage loop (100) to enable the second heat exchange component (140) to heat a heat exchange medium in the heat exchange box (300);
a second compressor (230) of the high temperature stage loop (200) is started, the third heat exchange assembly (220) absorbs heat from the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange box (300), and the fourth heat exchange assembly (240) is utilized to heat the target medium.
10. The control method of a cascade heat pump according to claim 9, characterized in that after starting the first compressor (130) of the low-temperature stage loop (100), the control method further comprises:
acquiring the temperature of the heat exchange medium;
and when the temperature of the heat exchange medium is not lower than a first preset temperature, controlling the first compressor (130) to be in frequency reduction or switching off.
11. The method of controlling a cascade heat pump according to claim 9, characterized in that the step of starting the second compressor (230) of the high temperature stage loop (200) is performed in case the heat exchange medium fulfils a first preset condition, comprising:
the temperature of the heat exchange medium reaches a second preset temperature.
12. The method of controlling a cascade heat pump according to claim 9, further comprising:
acquiring the temperature of the target medium after being heated by the fourth heat exchange assembly (240);
and controlling the second compressor (230) to be down-converted or turned off when the temperature of the target medium after heating reaches a third preset temperature.
13. The method for controlling a cascade heat pump according to claim 9, characterized in that a first four-way valve (190) is provided on the low-temperature-stage loop (100), the first four-way valve (190) being used for changing the circulation direction of the low-temperature-stage loop (100); the control method further includes:
when a second preset condition is met, controlling the cascade heat pump (010) to enter a defrosting mode, stopping the second compressor (230) from running in the defrosting mode, controlling the first four-way valve (190) to adjust the circulation direction of the first refrigerant so that the first heat exchange assembly (120) releases heat, and controlling the second heat exchange assembly (140) to absorb heat.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the second preset condition includes:
the temperature of the first heat exchange component (120) is smaller than a fourth preset temperature, and the temperature of the heat exchange medium is not smaller than a fifth preset temperature.
15. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that a second four-way valve (260) is provided on the high temperature stage loop (200), the second four-way valve (260) being used for changing the circulation direction of the high temperature stage loop (200); after the cascade heat pump (010) enters the defrost mode, the control method further comprises:
judging whether the heat exchange medium is lower than a seventh preset temperature or not under the condition that the first heat exchange component (120) does not reach the sixth preset temperature, if yes, controlling the second four-way valve (260) to adjust the circulation direction of the second refrigerant so as to enable the third heat exchange component (220) to release heat, and enabling the fourth heat exchange component (240) to absorb heat;
and controlling the cascade heat pump (010) to exit the defrosting mode under the condition that the first heat exchange assembly (120) reaches the sixth preset temperature.
16. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that a compensating branch (160) and a heat exchanger (180) are further arranged on the low-temperature-stage loop (100), one end of the compensating branch (160) is connected to a first main line (110) between the second heat exchange component (140) and the first expansion valve (150), the other end of the compensating branch (160) is connected to a gas supplementing port of the first compressor (130), a third expansion valve (170) is arranged on the compensating branch (160), and the compensating branch (160) and the first main line (110) between the second heat exchange component (140) and the first expansion valve (150) respectively pass through two heat exchange channels of the heat exchanger (180); the control method further includes:
and controlling the third expansion valve (170) to be opened under the condition that the ambient temperature is lower than an eighth preset temperature.
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