CN111304217B - 一种毛果杨着丝粒特异的line型反转录转座子序列及其应用 - Google Patents

一种毛果杨着丝粒特异的line型反转录转座子序列及其应用 Download PDF

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CN111304217B
CN111304217B CN202010179836.8A CN202010179836A CN111304217B CN 111304217 B CN111304217 B CN 111304217B CN 202010179836 A CN202010179836 A CN 202010179836A CN 111304217 B CN111304217 B CN 111304217B
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席梦利
辛昊阳
吴玉峰
张文利
宁仪杭
刘光欣
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Nanjing Forestry University
Nanjing Agricultural University
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Abstract

本发明公开一种毛果杨着丝粒特异的LINE型反转录转座子序列及其应用,属于生物信息学和分子细胞遗传学领域。该发明主要包括:通过对毛果杨着丝粒DNA高通量测序数据的生物信息学分析,筛选出一种着丝粒特异的LINE型反转录转座子序列。依据该序列设计引物,以毛果杨基因组DNA为模板,经PCR扩增、切胶回收获得目的片段。通过探针标记、染色体制片、荧光原位杂交验证了该序列位于着丝粒区。本发明提供的着丝粒特异的LINE型反转录转座子序列不仅可以准确标记杨树着丝粒的位置,以构建高质量核型图,也为开展杨树着丝粒的结构、功能及进化研究奠定基础,在杨树分子细胞遗传学及基因组学研究领域具有广阔的应用前景。

Description

一种毛果杨着丝粒特异的LINE型反转录转座子序列及其应用
技术领域
本发明属于生物信息学及分子细胞遗传学领域,具体而言,涉及一种毛果杨(Populus trichocarpa)着丝粒特异的LINE型反转录转座子序列及其应用。
背景技术
着丝粒是真核生物细胞有丝分裂和减数分裂时,保障染色体稳定并正确分离的一个重要功能元件,由所在区域的染色体DNA和多种蛋白质分子组成。着丝粒区DNA通常包含两类高丰度的重复序列:着丝粒特异的卫星DNA重复序列和反转录转座子序列(Gong etal.,2012;Zhang et al.,2014;Zhu et al.,2016;Li et al.,2018)。反转录转座子由于具有在基因组中转座和复制的模式,所以在进化过程中成为真核生物基因组中分布最多的一类DNA,通常占植物细胞核基因组的50%以上(Lee et al.,2005)。
反转录转座子根据序列完整性而分为自主型和非自主型两类,自主型反转录转座子又可分为Ty1/copia和Ty3/gypsy两种类型,非自主型反转录转座子可分为长散在元件(Long interspersed element,LINE)和短散在元件(Short interspersed element,SINE)。Ty3/gypsy是着丝粒特异的一类反转录转座子家族(Centromeric retrotransposonfamily)(Jiang et al.,2003),禾本科植物着丝粒反转录转座子的衍生序列中大多数与Ty3/gypsy类反转录转座子在系统进化上具有高度保守性(Langdon et al.,2000)。
杨树由于其自身的生物学特性及重要地位而成为林木研究的模式树种。尽管早在2006年,美国科学杂志就报道了毛果杨的全基因组测序结果(Tuskan et al.,2006),胡杨、新疆杨的基因组测序结果也相继发表(Ma et al.,2013;Ma et al.,2019),由于着丝粒区DNA含有大量的高度重复序列,这加大了着丝粒区序列组装的难度,目前对杨树着丝粒区的序列信息还知之甚少。因此,开展杨树着丝粒DNA序列研究,不仅可以发掘杨树着丝粒区的典型重复序列,探究其进化模式及意义,并为杨树的分子细胞遗传学研究奠定基础,同时也能完善杨树基因组信息。鉴于此,特提出本发明。
主要参考文献:
Gong Z,Wu Y,
Figure BDA0002411009230000011
A,et al.Repeatless and repeat-based centromeresin potato:implications for centromere evolution.Plant Cell,2012,24(9):3559-3574.
Jiang J,Birchker J A,Parrott W A,et al.A molecular view of plantcentromeres.Trends in Plant Science,2003,8(12):570-575.
Langdon T,Seago C,Mende M,et al.Retrotransposon evolution in diverseplant gnomes.Genetics,2000,156(1):313-325.
Lee H R,Zhang W,Langdon T,et al.Chromatin immunoprecipitation cloningreveals rapid evolutionary pattems of centromeric DNA in Oryzaspecies.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United Statesof America,2005,102(33):11793-11798.
Li Y,Zuo S,Zhang Z,et al.Centromeric DNA characterization in themodel grass Brachypodium distachyon provides insights on the evolution of thegenus.Plant Joumal,2018,93(6):1088-1101.
Ma T,Wang J Y,Zhou GK,et al.Genomic insights into salt adaptation ina desert poplar.Nature Communications,2013,4:2797.
Ma J C,Wan D S,Duan B B,et al.Genome sequence and genetictransformation of a widely distributed and cultivated poplar.PlantBiotechnology Journal,2019,17(2):451-460.
Tuskan G A,Difazio S,Jansson S,et al.The genome of black cottonwood,Populustrichocarpa(Torr.&Gray).Science,2006,313(5793):1596-1604.
Zhang H,Koblizkova A,Wang K,et al.Boom-bust turnovers of megabase-sized centromeric DNA in solanum species:rapid evolution of DNA sequencesassociated with centromeres.Plant cell,2014,26(4),1436-1447.
Zhu Z,Gui S,Jin J,et al.The NnCenH3protein and centromeric DNAsequence profiles of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.(sacred lotus)reveal the DNAstructures and dynamics of centromeres in basal eudicots.Plant Journal,2016,87(6),568-582.。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述问题,本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种毛果杨着丝粒特异的LINE型反转录转座子序列。本发明所要解决的另一技术问题在于提供所述毛果杨着丝粒特异的LINE型反转录转座子序列的应用。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明所采用的技术方案如下:
一种毛果杨着丝粒特异的LINE型反转录转座子序列,其核苷酸序列如SEQ IDNO.1所示。
所述的毛果杨着丝粒特异的LINE型反转录转座子序列在构建杨树核型图中标记杨树着丝粒的应用。
所述的应用中,所述的杨树为毛果杨、小叶杨、美洲黑杨、胡杨或大叶杨。
扩增所述的毛果杨着丝粒特异的LINE型反转录转座子序列的引物对:
F:5′-TTAGGGAAACCAATACAACCAG-3′,
R:5′-ACGAGGCAGTCAAATCAGAAGT-3′。
相比于现有技术,本发明的有益效果为:
本发明通过对毛果杨着丝粒DNA高通量测序数据的生物信息学分析,筛选出一种着丝粒特异的LINE型反转录转座子序列。依据该序列设计引物,以毛果杨基因组DNA为模板,经PCR扩增、切胶回收获得目的片段。通过探针标记、染色体制片、荧光原位杂交验证了该序列位于着丝粒区。本发明提供的着丝粒特异的LINE型反转录转座子序列不仅可以准确标记杨树着丝粒的位置,以构建高质量核型图,也为开展杨树着丝粒的结构、功能及进化研究奠定基础,在杨树分子细胞遗传学及基因组学研究领域具有广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为毛果杨着丝粒特异的LINE型反转录转座子PCR扩增产物的琼脂糖凝胶电泳图;左侧泳道为DNAMarker,右侧泳道为PCR产物电泳的结果;
图2为毛果杨中期染色体荧光原位杂交结果,红色为毛果杨着丝粒特异的LINE型反转录转座子序列的信号,可见该序列特异的位于每条染色体的着丝粒位置。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进一步进行描述。实施例中没有注明的温度均为室温,没有注明的试剂均为常规化学试剂。
实施例1:着丝粒LINE型反转录转座子的发掘
(1)利用杨树着丝粒特异抗体进行染色质免疫共沉淀(ChIP),富集毛果杨的着丝粒DNA。分别构建ChIP DNA和Input DNA的文库。
(2)基于Illumina Hiseq 2000测序平台,采用125bp双末端测序技术对建库DNA测序,获得毛果杨着丝粒的ChIP-seq数据以及Input-seq数据。
(3)对质控后的数据利用RepeatExplorer分析平台进行毛果杨着丝粒重复序列发掘,先从Input reads中随机选取5百万条reads,将其上传到分析平台,通过序列相似性进行聚类分析得到基因组的重复序列clusters。然后利用Blast比对工具,再将ChIP-seq数据和Input数据分别比对到clusters上,计算ChIP/Input的比值。根据比值的大小判断重复序列在着丝粒区域的富集程度。
(5)数据分析结果显示:共有9个cluster的ChIP/Input的数值大于9,对这9个cluster的类型进行分析时发现,Cluster 45属于LINE类型逆转子,这类逆转座子在着丝粒中鲜有报道,序列信息如SEQ ID NO.1所示。
实施例2:着丝粒特异的LINE型反转录转座子序列扩增及探针标记
(1)收集毛果杨的幼嫩叶片,分别在液氮中研磨成粉末,依据植物总DNA提取试剂盒(TIANGEN DP320)中的说明书提取各样品的DNA,使用Nanodrop1000(美国)对提取的DNA质量及浓度进行测定。
(2)使用Primer Premier5软件对着丝粒特异的LINE型反转录转座子序列设计引物,根据引物的分值我们选择了分值较高的2对引物委托南京擎科生物技术有限公司合成,以毛果杨基因组总DNA为模板,通过PCR体系优化,凝胶电泳后观测目标条带,发现引物对F:5′-TTAGGGAAACCAATACAACCAG-3′和R:5′-ACGAGGCAGTCAAATCAGAAGT-3′可以在毛果杨基因组总DNA中扩增出目标条带(图1)。
PCR反应体系为50μL,其中包含25μL Premix TaqTM(Takara RR902),正向和反向引物各0.4μM,模板DNA 55ng,ddH2O补至50μL。PCR反应程序为:94℃预变性3min;94℃变性30s,58℃退火30s,72℃延伸2min 30s,32个循环;72℃延伸10min。
将PCR反应扩增产物,采用1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳,使用凝胶成像系统拍照检测。图1左侧泳道为DNA Marker,右侧泳道为PCR产物电泳的结果,可见在毛果杨基因组总DNA中扩增出特异的2500bp左右的目标条带(图1)。
(3)根据胶回收试剂盒(QIAGEN 28704)中的说明书对目标条带进行切胶回收,使用Nanodrop1000(美国)对回收的DNA质量及浓度进行测定,采用缺刻平移法将回收的DNA用地高辛标记成探针。
实施例3:荧光原位杂交(FISH)验证
(1)染色体制片
1)取材:晴天上午收集长约5mm的毛果杨幼嫩根尖;
2)预处理:将根尖放入0.7mM的环己酰胺中25℃处理3h;
3)固定:将根尖转移至卡诺固定液中(无水乙醇与冰乙酸体积比3∶1)室温固定24h以上;
4)酶解:将固定好的根尖置于纯水中彻底冲洗干净,然后切取根尖分生组织,并放入4%纤维素酶和2%果胶酶的混合酶液中,37℃的培养箱中酶解1h;
5)涂片法制片:先将根尖分生组织转移到纯水中,再从纯水中转移至载玻片上,接着用镊子轻轻挤压出根尖分生组织细胞,滴加20μL 60%的乙酸,用解剖针混合搅匀。将载玻片置于温度为55℃的烤片机(HI 1220,Leica)上,用解剖针涂抹,然后立即用新鲜的卡诺固定液冲洗并气干。在相差显微镜下选择有良好分裂相的制片,-20℃保存备用。
(2)制片变性及杂交
1)将制片加100μL 70%DFA,放置在85℃变性3min;
2)将制片立即用70%,90%,100%的冰乙醇逐级脱水,每级5min;
3)晾干备用;
4)每张制片配制20μL杂交液,杂交液组成为:10μL DFA+2μL 20×SSC+4μL 50%DS+2μL探针+2μL ddH2O;
5)探针加到制片上,盖好盖玻片,放入湿盒,37℃杂交过夜。
(3)抗体检测
将杂交过夜的制片按照如下步骤清洗、抗体孵育、DAPI套染,从第(4)步加入抗体开始需要避光操作。
1)2×SSC泡掉盖玻片,并用2×SSC洗制片5min;
2)42℃的2×SSC洗制片20min;
3)1×TNT洗制片5min;
4)每张制片配制二抗孵育液约100μL,37℃在湿盒中孵育1h,二抗孵育液组成为:100μL 1×TNB+1μL Ami-digoxigenin Rhodamine(Roche,11207750910);
5)1×TNT洗制片三次,每次5min;
6)1×PBS洗制片5min;
7)纯水洗制片1min;
8)晾干后,每张制片加20μL含有DAPI的Vectashield(Vector Labs,H-1200)胶封片。
(4)镜检并拍照
在Olympus BX51型荧光显微镜下观察制片,选择理想的分裂相拍照。图2为毛果杨中期染色体的荧光原位杂交结果,红色为着丝粒特异的LINE型反转录转座子序列的信号,可见该序列特异的位于每条染色体的着丝粒位置(图2)。
为了进一步验证毛果杨着丝粒LINE型反转录转座子序列的适用性,我们在小叶杨(青杨派)、美洲黑杨(黑杨派)、胡杨(胡杨派)及大叶杨(大叶杨派)中进行了FISH实验,结果表明:本发明提供的着丝粒特异的LINE型反转录转座子序列可以准确标记小叶杨、美洲黑杨、胡杨及大叶杨着丝粒的位置,为杨树高质量核型图谱构建,杨树着丝粒的结构、功能及进化研究奠定了基础,在杨树分子细胞遗传学及基因组学研究领域具有广阔的应用前景。
序列表
<110> 南京林业大学
南京农业大学
<120> 一种毛果杨着丝粒特异的LINE型反转录转座子序列及其应用
<130> 100
<160> 3
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 2816
<212> DNA
<213> Populus trichocarpa
<400> 1
ttttgtatca ggccgtaccc tttttttttt tttggtaagt tgacgtatgt attaaaagaa 60
gaagatacaa acattataag gggcataccc cagatttaca atgataacag aaacataaaa 120
caacagatgg ctacaggcta gccaccgacc gtaaaactga aacctcacta gattcgttag 180
ggaaaccaat acaaccagct aactaacaga ttaagaatct atggtattca ccctccaagc 240
tcgttggatc cttgtgtttt catttgttgg tacgacattc ctcatcaaat caagcttatc 300
acgaatgata cattcgattt gattaaggac caaattcgga gttctagaca ttccagcaaa 360
gatccttgca ttccgttctt gccatacatg atacactgta gctgcaaaac tcagtttacg 420
agaaaaattg acgaaactct tgccatgcca agagacagtg gcccatcgaa tccattcatc 480
ccagcctttt gtcattcttg gaatgtcgca tctgtcacaa acatcccacc agatcgcttt 540
agtataggag cattcaaaga acaagtggtt gtgatcctca ttgttgcgga gacagagtga 600
gcatctattg ggaccatgta taccaaaccg atgaagttta tcttgagttg tgagtttctg 660
ttggacagcc atccatagaa gaaatgaatg tcttggaaca gcattcttga accacacaat 720
gtcatgccat tcaaccatct gacgatgacg tcttagttgt tcccaagcta ctttgaccga 780
gaatctgtga tttggcgaat ccaaccaaac tatctcatcc ttttgcccca tcttaggatt 840
agaattggaa ggaatagctt ctataatggg gtgccagcca atagcttggg tggtaggagt 900
tttccattct gagttctgaa ttagcacatt caccttcgcg ttcttggcca tacctgaatc 960
atagatgaat ctttccccgt aagaatccgc gagtgggctg tgaggatgcc aattatcaaa 1020
ccatagagag gttgtcattc catctcctat gatgtacttc atcttcggcc atgctaagga 1080
tctgagcttt agaatctttc cccaagccca agagcaattc tgtggcgtct tgattgtcca 1140
gaaattccta cctcgcaaca gattggatct gatccaagta gaccatattg agccatctga 1200
gtcattgcac aggttccaaa tgtgtttcaa caaagcaatc ttgttccatt ctgttatcct 1260
ttttattcct agccccccct ccttttttgg aagacatacc tgatcccaag ccactttagc 1320
cccagtagtt ctcatatctg aacctgacca aagaaaggat ttcataattt gctccacatt 1380
tttaattact tgcccaggta agagaaagag agatgcccaa tagacctgta tggaaaataa 1440
gactgaatta atcagttgta cccgtcctgc atacgagagt gttctacaag tccaatgtcg 1500
aactttagag gtgattcgat ccacgaggcc cttacaataa atagccttta gtctggacga 1560
gagaagaggt actcccaaat atttcatagg gagctccccc tctctaaacc caagaatatg 1620
aataatttgt tccctctcag catttaacac accgctcaag aagatgtcac ttttgtttgg 1680
atttggatac agacctgata gatcttgaaa ctttgtgagc acagttctga tcatacgaat 1740
tgagtttaca tccccgttgc taaaaatcat caagtcatca gcaaaacaaa gatgagaaat 1800
tttgtccttc ttgcatctcc agtggaactt gaattcttgg ttggcactca tcttgcagaa 1860
tagccccgac aggatttcca tacataggac aaacaaatat ggggacaatg gatccccttg 1920
tctcagccct cttccccctt gaaagtaacc tgcaagctca ccattgacgt tgatagagaa 1980
ttgacatgat gtaacacaaa ccatgatcca atcaatgact gttctaggga atcccatttt 2040
tattaacata gcgtcaacga aatcccaccg caccgagtca taagccttca tcagatcaac 2100
tttcatagca caacgagcag gtcccgtaga tttatgatag cctttcatta gttcctgaga 2160
caaaagaatg ttatcactga ttctccgtcc tgagataaaa gcagtctgat atggaccaac 2220
taaggatggc aaaacaactt tgattctccc agctagaatc ttagcgatgc atttgtacac 2280
tgtattgcag caagatatag gacgaaaatc tgtcaacctt gtaggattag caactttagg 2340
aataagggaa atggatgtag cattcatttc tttaagcatt ctacgagtct gaaagaagga 2400
tctaacagcg ttgattacat cttccccaac tatgtgccac attcttttga agaaacctgc 2460
gttaaagcca tccggaccag gggctttgtt gttcttcaaa ctaaacatag catgcttaat 2520
ctcctccctt gttacatctt gtgcgagtac atgctgttgc gttgaagaca gtttcaagtt 2580
aattgccgat tccatcactt cctcgttcag aaccctaggc atctgatcaa ctcctaacac 2640
acgatggaag tatgcaatta cttctgattt gactgcctcg tgtccttcga caacctctcc 2700
atcctccctt gtaagtgata gaagcttatt tctattctgt cttccattta ctgatttgtg 2760
aaagtagcta gtattctgat cccccaagct aagccattgt atccttgcct tctgtt 2816
<210> 2
<211> 22
<212> DNA
<213> F(Artificial)
<400> 2
ttagggaaac caatacaacc ag 22
<210> 3
<211> 22
<212> DNA
<213> R(Artificial)
<400> 3
acgaggcagt caaatcagaa gt 22

Claims (3)

1.一种毛果杨着丝粒特异的LINE型反转录转座子,其核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示。
2.权利要求1所述的毛果杨着丝粒特异的LINE型反转录转座子在构建杨树核型图中标记杨树着丝粒的应用,所述的杨树为毛果杨、小叶杨、美洲黑杨、胡杨或大叶杨。
3.扩增权利要求1所述的毛果杨着丝粒特异的LINE型反转录转座子的引物对:
F: 5'- TTAGGGAAACCAATACAACCAG -3',
R: 5'- ACGAGGCAGTCAAATCAGAAGT -3'。
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