CN111300076A - A machine tool guide rail device capable of adjusting the precision of a machine tool and an adjustment method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a machine tool guide rail device capable of adjusting machine tool precision, which comprises a machine table, a guide rail and an adjusting mechanism, wherein the adjusting mechanism comprises a horizontal adjusting component and a vertical adjusting component; the method for adjusting the track of the machine tool is also provided, and the adjustment is performed in sections according to the deviation value of each section on the track, and the adjustment is started from the section with large deviation, so that the follow-up adjustment of other sections is facilitated, and the speed of the correction adjustment is increased.

Description

A machine tool guide rail device capable of adjusting the precision of a machine tool and an adjustment method

technical field

The invention relates to the field of machine tool debugging, in particular to a machine tool guide rail device and an adjustment method capable of adjusting the precision of a machine tool.

Background technique

The machine tool guide rail is the benchmark for the relative position and movement of the main components of the machine tool, and its accuracy directly affects the mutual positional relationship between the forming movements of the machine tool. Thus affecting the machining accuracy of the parts. The accuracy of the machine tool is mainly reflected in the assembly accuracy and the use process accuracy. The assembly accuracy is determined by the accuracy of the machine tool parts and the assembly process accuracy, which is usually guaranteed by manufacturing and scraping the guide rails.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the above problems, a machine tool guide rail device that can adjust the precision of the machine tool is provided, including a machine table, a guide rail and an adjustment mechanism, the adjustment mechanism includes a horizontal adjustment component and a vertical adjustment component, and the guide rail is fixed on the machine by a first fixing screw. the table top; the horizontal adjustment component includes a fixing seat and an adjusting pin, the machine table is provided with a fixing hole, the fixing seat is fixed on the machine table surface through a second fixing screw in cooperation with the fixing hole, and the fixing The seat is provided with a jack screw hole and an insertion hole that matches the adjustment pin, and one end of the adjustment pin located in the fixed seat is provided with a sloped surface, and the jack screw hole and the insertion hole are perpendicular to each other and at the end through, so that the inclined surface of the adjusting pin faces the threaded hole of the top screw, and the other end of the adjusting pin abuts on the side surface of the guide rail; the vertical adjusting assembly includes a locking head and an adjusting head, and the locking head includes a threaded segment and a connecting section, the connecting section is a cylinder, the outer wall of the cylinder is provided with an annular groove perpendicular to the axis direction, the adjusting head is a circular tube with a thread on the outer wall, and the inner wall of the circular tube is provided with The annular protrusion matched with the annular groove, the inner diameter of the annular protrusion is larger than the inner diameter of the annular groove, the annular protrusion is clamped with the annular groove, and the thread segment is used to connect with the machine table The guide rail is provided with an adjustment screw hole, and the adjustment screw hole is matched with the screw thread provided on the outer wall of the adjustment head.

A method for adjusting a guide rail of a machine tool, comprising the following steps:

S1. Detect the straightness in the horizontal and vertical directions of the machine tool guide rail through a measuring instrument;

S2. The detection results in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction are divided into three parts according to the deviation amount, and correspond to the position on the guide rail. The horizontal direction is divided into the horizontal main deviation section, the horizontal secondary deviation section and the horizontal follow-up deviation section. The vertical direction is divided into vertical main deviation section, vertical secondary deviation section and vertical follow-up deviation section;

S3. Adjust the horizontal deviation of the machine tool track through the horizontal adjustment component, in the order of first adjusting the horizontal main deviation section, then adjusting the horizontal secondary deviation section, and finally adjusting the horizontal follow-up deviation section;

S4. Adjust the vertical deviation of the machine tool track through the vertical adjustment component, in the order of first adjusting the vertical main deviation section, then adjusting the vertical secondary deviation section, and finally adjusting the vertical follow-up deviation section;

S5. Repeat steps S3 and S4 until the deviations of all positions of the guide rail of the machine tool are within the allowable range.

The beneficial effect of the present invention is to provide a machine tool guide rail device that can adjust the precision of the machine tool. The horizontal adjustment component and the vertical adjustment component are used to adjust the straightness of the machine tool track in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction respectively, and the horizontal direction is performed by abutting pins. Fine-tuning, in the vertical direction, fine-tuning is carried out by thread lifting and locking with the first fixing screw; a method for adjusting the machine tool track is also provided, which is adjusted in sections according to the deviation of each section on the track, starting from the section with large deviation, Conducive to the follow-up adjustment of other segments, speeding up the speed of proofreading and adjustment.

Description of drawings

The present invention is further described with the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments in the accompanying drawings do not constitute any limitation to the present invention.

1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a machine tool guide rail device in an embodiment of the present invention;

2 is a schematic structural diagram of a horizontal adjustment assembly in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a vertical adjustment assembly in an embodiment of the present invention.

1-machine table; 2-guide rail; 3-horizontal adjustment assembly; 31-fixed seat; 32-adjustment pin; 33-second fixing screw; 34-adjustment top wire; 4-vertical adjustment assembly; 41-lock head; 411 -Annular groove; 42-Adjusting head; 421-Annular protrusion; 5-First fixing screw; 6-Fixing hole.

Detailed ways

The inventive concept of the present invention will be specifically and exemplarily described below in conjunction with the embodiments, so the understanding of the following content should not be a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention, but an aid to the understanding of the principle.

Example: as shown in Figure 1-3

A machine tool guide rail device capable of adjusting the precision of a machine tool, comprising a machine table 1, a guide rail 2 and an adjustment mechanism, the adjustment mechanism includes a horizontal adjustment assembly 3 and a vertical adjustment assembly 4, and the guide rail 2 is fixed on the table surface of the machine table 1 through a first fixing screw 5 ; The horizontal adjustment assembly 3 includes a fixed seat 31 and an adjustment pin 32. The machine table 1 is provided with a fixed hole 6. The fixed seat 31 is fixed on the table top of the machine table 1 through the second fixing screw 33 and the fixed hole 6. The fixed seat 31 is provided with There is a jack screw hole and an insertion hole that matches with the adjusting pin 32, and one end of the adjusting pin 32 located in the fixed seat 31 is provided with a slope, the jack screw hole and the jack are perpendicular to each other and pass through at the end so that the adjusting pin 32 The inclined surface of the vertical adjustment assembly 4 includes a locking head 41 and an adjusting head 42, and the locking head 41 includes a threaded section and a connecting section, and the connecting section is a cylinder, and the cylindrical The outer wall is provided with an annular groove 411 perpendicular to the axis direction, the adjustment head 42 is a circular tube with threads on the outer wall, and the inner wall of the circular tube is provided with an annular protrusion 421 that matches the annular groove 411. The annular protrusion 421 The inner diameter is larger than the inner diameter of the annular groove 411, the annular protrusion 421 is clamped with the annular groove 411, the threaded section is used to connect with the machine table 1, and the guide rail 2 is provided with an adjustment threaded hole, and the adjustment threaded hole Match with the thread provided on the outer wall of the adjusting head 42 .

For the position adjustment in the horizontal direction, it is mainly realized by the adjustment pin 32. The adjustment pin 32 is fixed into the fixing hole 6 through the fixing seat 31. In order to ensure the stability of the fixing seat 31, two second fixing screws 33 are provided for fixing, Specifically, when adjusting the guide rail 2, by twisting the adjusting jack screw 34, the end of the adjusting jack screw 34 is pressed against the inclined surface of the adjusting pin 32, and the adjusting pin 32 is driven to push the guide rail 2 stably, and the displacement of the guide rail 2 is adjusted. It is um-level, which means that it needs to be adjusted accurately. There are two characteristics of control positions here. One is to adjust the vertical displacement of the top screw 34 through the rotation of the thread, which can be self-locked through the thread. , the displacement in the vertical direction can be accurately controlled by the setting of the pitch, the number of turns and the position in the vertical direction can be accurately converted, and then the displacement is further refined by the top-moving slope. The relationship between the adjusting top wire 34 can be regarded as a kind of decomposition of the movement, the adjusting top wire 34 moves downward, the adjusting pin 32 is pushed out, and the relationship of its displacement is determined by the angle of the inclined plane. Quantity control measures to achieve precise adjustment of displacement;

For the position adjustment in the vertical direction, it is mainly realized by the vertical adjustment component 4 and the first fixing screw 5. If the first fixing screw 5 is not provided, the connection between the guide rail 2 and the machine table 1 depends on the vertical The adjustment assembly 4 is realized by connecting the threaded section of the locking head 41 with the machine table 1, and connecting with the guide rail 2 by the thread of the outer wall of the adjusting head 42. The annular 421 is convexly connected, and the adjusting head 42 is rotated to realize the position adjustment in the vertical direction. In order to realize the rotational movement between the annular groove 411 and the annular protrusion 421, there will be a slight gap at the connection between the two. This gap is important for the guide rail. In fact, the accuracy of 2 does not have much influence. In actual operation, due to the gravity of the guide rail 2, this force is transmitted to the adjustment head 42, which is further manifested as the lower side surface of the annular protrusion 421 will always be pressed against the ring. On the lower side of the groove 411, after the adjustment is completed, the guide rail is locked by the first fixing screw 5, that is to say, the small gap between the annular groove 411 and the annular protrusion 421 does not affect the adjustment during the entire adjustment process. During the process, due to the relationship of the first fixing screw 5, the stability of the guide rail 2 will not be affected after the adjustment is completed;

The inner diameter of the annular protrusion 421 is larger than the inner diameter of the annular groove 411, and is used to adapt to the displacement in the horizontal direction when adjusting the position in the horizontal direction. The direction adjustment is accurate and stable.

Preferably, the adjusting pin 32 is a quadrangular prism. During the movement of the adjusting pin 32, the main force-bearing surfaces lie on the ground and the inclined surface, and there is friction between these two surfaces and the objects in contact with them. At the same time, although increasing the contact area will not affect the size of the friction force, it can ensure the stability of the movement process. Compared with cylinders and other prisms, it has obvious advantages, and for quadrangular prisms, on it When setting the inclined surface, the inclined surface can be formed into a rectangle, which is beneficial to form a regular friction surface and is also convenient for processing.

Preferably, the thread of the thread segment is opposite to the thread provided on the outer wall of the adjusting head 42 .

When the vertical position of the guide rail is adjusted by the adjusting head 42, there is friction between the lower side of the annular groove 411 and the lower side of the annular protrusion 421, and the friction force will give the locking head 41 a movement trend during the rotation of the adjusting head 42. , when the friction force reaches a certain level, the locking head 41 may be driven, resulting in loose connection relationship, which is not conducive to accurate adjustment. The setting of the reverse thread can make most of the movement trend brought by the adjustment process to the locking head. 41 for locking to ensure the accuracy of adjustment.

Preferably, the fixing bases 31 are arranged at opposite positions on both sides of the guide rail 2 .

When adjusting the position in the horizontal direction, the adjustment pin 32 moves against the guide rail 2, and the fixed seat 31 is set at the opposite position of the guide rail 2, that is to say, the adjustment pin 32 is arranged symmetrically, and both sides can be synchronized during adjustment. The abutting positions of the two sides are relative, which is more stable during adjustment, and it is not easy to cause the guide rail 2 to shift due to the position deviation of the adjustment force point on one side.

Preferably, the first fixing screw 5 and the adjusting screw holes are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the guide rail 2 .

During the adjustment, the first fixing screw 5 will be loosened to ensure that the vertical adjustment can be performed. After the adjustment is completed, it will be locked. The main function of the first fixing screw 5 is to stabilize the guide rail of the vertical adjustment assembly 4. The spaced arrangement enables fastening points on both sides of each set of vertical adjustment assemblies 4 , which can largely eliminate the deviation caused by the gap between the annular groove 411 and the annular protrusion 421 .

Preferably, both the locking head 41 and the adjusting head 42 are operated by a hexagon socket tool.

For the guide rail 2, if the adjustment component is set on it, the principle of not affecting its basic function is to limit the space occupation of the operation part. Minimizing the space occupation can ensure a large extent. In the normal use of the guide rail 2, both the locking head 41 and the adjusting head 42 require rotational power, and the two are in a socketed relationship. It can be clearly seen from FIG. Within the operating position of the adjustment head 42, the operation is performed by the hexagon socket tool, which does not require a peripheral operation space, and can enter the working state from the same insertion point, which greatly saves the space occupied by the operation. Of course, the selection of this hexagon socket tool It is mainly based on the structural design of the vertical adjustment assembly 4, which is perfectly combined.

A method for adjusting a guide rail of a machine tool, comprising the following steps:

S1. Detect the straightness in the horizontal and vertical directions of the machine tool guide rail through a measuring instrument;

S2. The detection results in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction are divided into three parts according to the deviation amount, and correspond to the position on the guide rail. The horizontal direction is divided into the horizontal main deviation section, the horizontal secondary deviation section and the horizontal follow-up deviation section. The vertical direction is divided into vertical main deviation section, vertical secondary deviation section and vertical follow-up deviation section;

S3. Adjust the horizontal deviation of the machine tool track through the horizontal adjustment component 3, in the order of first adjusting the horizontal main deviation section, then adjusting the horizontal secondary deviation section, and finally adjusting the horizontal follow-up deviation section;

S4. Adjust the vertical deviation of the machine tool track through the vertical adjustment component 4, in the order of first adjusting the vertical main deviation section, then adjusting the vertical secondary deviation section, and finally adjusting the vertical follow-up deviation section;

S5. Repeat steps S3 and S4 until the deviations of all positions of the guide rail of the machine tool are within the allowable range.

Preferably, in step S2, the value between the maximum value and the minimum value of the deviation is equally divided into three parts, so that the value of the first part is always larger than the value of the second part, and the value of the second part is always larger than the value of the third part value of .

For a section of guide rail 2, its positional deviation generally starts from a certain point, and then extends. The guide rail 2 is segmented according to the deviation, and the adjustment starts from the position with the largest deviation. As the adjustment process progresses, other parts will also be adjusted. Follow-up, in the actual operation process, after adjusting the main deviation section and the secondary deviation end, generally speaking, the follow-up deviation section has already met the accuracy requirements, such a segmentation method and adjustment sequence can make the adjustment work more It has strong purpose and pertinence, and the efficiency is much higher than that of random adjustment.

Preferably, the measuring instrument is a laser interferometer.

The laser interferometer uses the laser wavelength as the known length, and uses the Michelson interferometer system to measure the general length of the displacement. The laser has the advantages of high intensity, high directivity, spatial coherence, narrow bandwidth and high monochromaticity. At present, the interferometers commonly used to measure the length are mainly based on the Michelson interferometer, and use the frequency-stabilized helium-neon laser as the light source to form a measurement system with interference effect. The laser interferometer can be used with various refractors, mirrors, etc. to measure linear position, speed, angle, true flatness, true straightness, parallelism and perpendicularity, and can be used as a calibration work for precision machine tools or measuring instruments.

In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that "-" and "-" represent a range between two numerical values, and the range includes the endpoints. For example: "A-B" means a range greater than or equal to A and less than or equal to B. "A to B" means a range greater than or equal to A and less than or equal to B.

In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the term "and/or" herein is only an association relationship to describe the associated objects, indicating that there may be three kinds of relationships, for example, A and/or B, may indicate that: exist independently A, there are both A and B, and there are three cases of B alone. In addition, the character "/" in this document generally indicates that the related objects are an "or" relationship.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, and substitutions can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the invention and modifications, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (9)

1. A machine tool guide rail device capable of adjusting the precision of a machine tool is characterized by comprising a machine table, a guide rail and an adjusting mechanism, wherein the adjusting mechanism comprises a horizontal adjusting assembly and a vertical adjusting assembly; the horizontal adjusting assembly comprises a fixed seat and an adjusting pin, a fixed hole is formed in the machine table, the fixed seat is fixed on the table top of the machine table through a second fixing screw matched with the fixed hole, a jackscrew threaded hole and a jack matched with the adjusting pin are formed in the fixed seat, an inclined surface is arranged at one end, located in the fixed seat, of the adjusting pin, the jackscrew threaded hole and the jack are perpendicular to each other and are communicated at the end head, the inclined surface of the adjusting pin faces the jackscrew threaded hole, and the other end of the adjusting pin abuts against the side surface of the guide rail; the vertical adjustment subassembly includes locking head and regulation head, the locking head includes screw thread section and linkage segment, the linkage segment is the cylinder, be provided with the annular groove of perpendicular to axis direction on the cylinder outer wall, it sets up the screwed pipe for the outer wall to adjust the head, the pipe inner wall be provided with the annular that the annular groove matches is protruding, the bellied internal diameter of annular is greater than the internal diameter of annular groove, annular protruding with the annular groove joint, the screw thread section is used for being connected with the board, be provided with the regulation screw hole on the guide rail, adjust the screw hole with the screw thread that the regulation head outer wall set up matches.

2. The machine tool guide rail device capable of adjusting the precision of a machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting pin is quadrangular.

3. A machine tool guide rail device capable of adjusting the precision of a machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the fixed seats are arranged at opposite positions on two sides of the guide rail.

4. The machine tool guide rail device capable of adjusting the precision of a machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the thread of the thread section is opposite to the thread arranged on the outer wall of the adjusting head.

5. The machine tool guide rail device capable of adjusting the precision of a machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the first fixing screw and the adjusting threaded hole are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the guide rail.

6. The machine tool guide rail device capable of adjusting the precision of a machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the locking head and the adjusting head are operated by a hexagon socket head tool.

7. A method for adjusting a guide rail of a machine tool is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, detecting the straightness of the machine tool guide rail in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction through a measuring instrument;

s2, dividing the detection results in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction into three parts according to deviation amount, and corresponding to the positions on the guide rail, wherein the horizontal direction is divided into a horizontal main deviation section, a horizontal secondary deviation section and a horizontal follow-up deviation section, and the vertical direction is divided into a vertical main deviation section, a vertical secondary deviation section and a vertical follow-up deviation section;

s3, adjusting the horizontal deviation of the machine tool rail through the horizontal adjusting component according to the sequence of adjusting the horizontal main deviation section, adjusting the horizontal secondary deviation section and finally adjusting the horizontal follow-up deviation section;

s4, adjusting the vertical deviation of the machine tool track through a vertical adjusting assembly according to the sequence of adjusting a vertical main deviation section, adjusting a vertical secondary deviation section and finally adjusting a vertical follow-up deviation section;

and S5, repeating the steps S3 and S4 until the deviation of all the positions of the machine tool guide rail is within the allowable range.

8. The method for adjusting a guide rail of a machine tool according to claim 7, wherein in step S2, the value between the maximum value and the minimum value of the deviation amount is divided into three parts, and the value of the first part is always larger than the value of the second part, and the value of the second part is always larger than the value of the third part.

9. The method of adjusting rails of a machine tool according to claim 7, wherein the measuring instrument is a laser interferometer.

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