CN111300076A - Machine tool guide rail device capable of adjusting machine tool precision and adjusting method - Google Patents
Machine tool guide rail device capable of adjusting machine tool precision and adjusting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111300076A CN111300076A CN202010097203.2A CN202010097203A CN111300076A CN 111300076 A CN111300076 A CN 111300076A CN 202010097203 A CN202010097203 A CN 202010097203A CN 111300076 A CN111300076 A CN 111300076A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/01—Frames, beds, pillars or like members; Arrangement of ways
- B23Q1/017—Arrangements of ways
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
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Abstract
The invention relates to a machine tool guide rail device capable of adjusting machine tool precision, which comprises a machine table, a guide rail and an adjusting mechanism, wherein the adjusting mechanism comprises a horizontal adjusting component and a vertical adjusting component; the method for adjusting the track of the machine tool is also provided, and the adjustment is performed in sections according to the deviation value of each section on the track, and the adjustment is started from the section with large deviation, so that the follow-up adjustment of other sections is facilitated, and the speed of the correction adjustment is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of machine tool debugging, in particular to a machine tool guide rail device capable of adjusting machine tool precision and an adjusting method.
Background
The machine tool guide rail is a reference for the relative position and movement of each main component of the machine tool, the precision of the guide rail directly influences the mutual position relation between the forming movements of the machine tool, and any processing point on a workpiece can generate deviation, namely spatial error in the process of processing parts by the machine tool, so that the processing precision of the parts is influenced. The precision of the machine tool is mainly expressed in the precision of assembly and the precision of the use process, the assembly precision is determined by the precision of machine tool parts and the precision of the assembly process, and the assembly precision is usually ensured by manufacturing, scraping and grinding a guide rail and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the machine tool guide rail device capable of adjusting the precision of a machine tool comprises a machine table, a guide rail and an adjusting mechanism, wherein the adjusting mechanism comprises a horizontal adjusting assembly and a vertical adjusting assembly, and the guide rail is fixed on the table top of the machine table through a first fixing screw; the horizontal adjusting assembly comprises a fixed seat and an adjusting pin, a fixed hole is formed in the machine table, the fixed seat is fixed on the table top of the machine table through a second fixing screw matched with the fixed hole, a jackscrew threaded hole and a jack matched with the adjusting pin are formed in the fixed seat, an inclined surface is arranged at one end, located in the fixed seat, of the adjusting pin, the jackscrew threaded hole and the jack are perpendicular to each other and are communicated at the end head, the inclined surface of the adjusting pin faces the jackscrew threaded hole, and the other end of the adjusting pin abuts against the side surface of the guide rail; the vertical adjustment subassembly includes locking head and regulation head, the locking head includes screw thread section and linkage segment, the linkage segment is the cylinder, be provided with the annular groove of perpendicular to axis direction on the cylinder outer wall, it sets up the screwed pipe for the outer wall to adjust the head, the pipe inner wall be provided with the annular that the annular groove matches is protruding, the bellied internal diameter of annular is greater than the internal diameter of annular groove, annular protruding with the annular groove joint, the screw thread section is used for being connected with the board, be provided with the regulation screw hole on the guide rail, adjust the screw hole with the screw thread that the regulation head outer wall set up matches.
A machine tool guide rail adjusting method comprises the following steps:
s1, detecting the straightness of the machine tool guide rail in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction through a measuring instrument;
s2, dividing the detection results in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction into three parts according to deviation amount, and corresponding to the positions on the guide rail, wherein the horizontal direction is divided into a horizontal main deviation section, a horizontal secondary deviation section and a horizontal follow-up deviation section, and the vertical direction is divided into a vertical main deviation section, a vertical secondary deviation section and a vertical follow-up deviation section;
s3, adjusting the horizontal deviation of the machine tool rail through the horizontal adjusting component according to the sequence of adjusting the horizontal main deviation section, adjusting the horizontal secondary deviation section and finally adjusting the horizontal follow-up deviation section;
s4, adjusting the vertical deviation of the machine tool track through a vertical adjusting assembly according to the sequence of adjusting a vertical main deviation section, adjusting a vertical secondary deviation section and finally adjusting a vertical follow-up deviation section;
and S5, repeating the steps S3 and S4 until the deviation of all the positions of the machine tool guide rail is within the allowable range.
The invention has the beneficial effects that the machine tool guide rail device capable of adjusting the precision of the machine tool is provided, the straightness in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction of a machine tool track is respectively adjusted through the horizontal adjusting component and the vertical adjusting component, the horizontal direction is finely adjusted in a mode of abutting against a pin, and the vertical direction is finely adjusted in a mode of lifting and matching a thread with a first fixing screw for locking; the method for adjusting the track of the machine tool is also provided, and the adjustment is performed in sections according to the deviation value of each section on the track, and the adjustment is started from the section with large deviation, so that the follow-up adjustment of other sections is facilitated, and the speed of the correction adjustment is increased.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the attached drawings, the examples of which are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a guide rail device of a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a level adjustment assembly in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a vertical adjustment assembly in an embodiment of the present invention.
1-a machine platform; 2-a guide rail; 3-a level adjustment assembly; 31-a fixed seat; 32-an adjustment pin; 33-a second set screw; 34-adjusting the jackscrew; 4-a vertical adjustment assembly; 41-a locking head; 411-annular groove; 42-an adjustment head; 421-annular protrusion; 5-a first set screw; 6-fixing the hole.
Detailed Description
The following is a detailed illustration of the inventive concept in connection with the examples, and should not be taken to limit the scope of the invention, but rather as an aid to understanding the principles.
Example (b): as shown in fig. 1-3
A machine tool guide rail device capable of adjusting the precision of a machine tool comprises a machine table 1, a guide rail 2 and an adjusting mechanism, wherein the adjusting mechanism comprises a horizontal adjusting component 3 and a vertical adjusting component 4, and the guide rail 2 is fixed on the table top of the machine table 1 through a first fixing screw 5; the horizontal adjusting component 3 comprises a fixed seat 31 and an adjusting pin 32, a fixed hole 6 is arranged on the machine table 1, the fixed seat 31 is fixed on the table top of the machine table 1 through a second fixing screw 33 matched with the fixed hole 6, a jackscrew threaded hole and a jack matched with the adjusting pin 32 are arranged on the fixed seat 31, an inclined surface is arranged at one end of the adjusting pin 32 positioned in the fixed seat 31, the jackscrew threaded hole and the jack are mutually vertical and are communicated at the end head, the inclined surface of the adjusting pin 32 faces the jackscrew threaded hole, and the other end of the adjusting pin 32 is abutted against the side surface of the guide rail 2; perpendicular adjusting part 4 includes locking head 41 and regulation head 42, and locking head 41 includes screw thread section and linkage segment, and the linkage segment is the cylinder, is provided with perpendicular to axis direction's annular groove 411 on the cylinder outer wall, adjusts head 42 and sets up the screwed pipe for the outer wall, and the pipe inner wall is provided with the annular protrusion 421 who matches with annular groove 411, the internal diameter of annular protrusion 421 is greater than annular groove 411's internal diameter, annular protrusion 421 with annular groove 411 joint, screw thread section are used for being connected with board 1, are provided with the regulation screw hole on the guide rail 2, adjust the screw thread hole and adjust the screw thread matching that the head 42 outer wall set up.
For the position adjustment in the horizontal direction, mainly realize through adjusting pin 32, adjusting pin 32 is fixed to the fixed orifices 6 through fixing base 31, in order to guarantee the stability of fixing base 31, set up two second fixed screws 33 and fix, specifically when doing the guide rail 2 and adjust, through screwing and adjusting jackscrew 34, the tip of adjusting jackscrew 34 is pushed up on the inclined plane of adjusting pin 32, drive adjusting pin 32 steady promotion guide rail 2, it is the um level to adjust its displacement volume of guide rail 2, that is to say need to carry on accurate timing, there are two characteristics of control position here, one is through the mode of screw thread, adjust jackscrew 34 and rotate and bring the displacement of vertical direction, can carry on the auto-lock through the screw thread, can accurate control the displacement of vertical direction through the setting of pitch, carry on accurate conversion with the position of the number of turns and vertical direction, then further refining the displacement by jacking the inclined surface, regarding the adjusting pin 32, the relation between the adjusting pin and the adjusting jackscrew 34 can be considered as a decomposition of the movement, the adjusting jackscrew 34 moves downwards, the adjusting pin 32 is jacked out, the relation of the displacement amount is determined by the angle of the inclined surface, and the accurate adjustment of the displacement amount is realized by the measures of controlling the two displacement amounts;
for the position adjustment in the vertical direction, mainly depend on the vertical adjustment assembly 4 and the first set screw 5 to realize, under the condition that the first set screw 5 is not provided, the connection between the guide rail 2 and the machine table 1 depends on the vertical adjustment assembly 4, the threaded section of the locking head 41 is connected with the machine table 1, the thread of the outer wall of the adjustment head 42 is connected with the guide rail 2, the locking head 41 and the adjustment head 42 are connected through the mutually matched annular groove 411 and the annular 421 protrusion, the adjustment head 42 is rotated to realize the position adjustment in the vertical direction, in order to realize the rotation movement between the annular groove 411 and the annular protrusion 421, a fine gap exists at the connection part of the two, the gap has no great influence on the precision of the guide rail 2 in practice, because of the gravity action of the guide rail 2, the force is transmitted to the adjustment head 42, it is further shown that the lower surface side of the annular protrusion 421 will be pressed against the lower side of the annular recess 411, after the adjustment is completed, the guide rail is locked by the first fixing screw 5, that is, the adjustment process is not affected by the micro gap between the annular recess 411 and the annular protrusion 421 in the whole adjustment process, and the stability of the guide rail 2 is not affected after the adjustment is completed due to the relationship of the first fixing screw 5;
the internal diameter of the annular protrusion 421 is larger than the internal diameter of the annular groove 411, so as to adapt to the displacement in the horizontal direction when the position in the horizontal direction is adjusted, and after the horizontal direction is fixed, the difference of the internal diameters can be ensured not to influence the accuracy and stability of the adjustment in the vertical direction when the adjusting head 42 is rotated.
Preferably, the adjusting pin 32 is a quadrangular prism, the surface mainly stressed during the movement of the adjusting pin 32 is the ground surface and the inclined surface, friction force exists between the two surfaces and the object contacted with the adjusting pin, when the stress conditions are the same, the contact area is increased, although the friction force is not influenced, the stability during the movement can be ensured, compared with a cylinder and other prisms, the adjusting pin has obvious advantages, and for the quadrangular prism, when the inclined surface is arranged thereon, the inclined surface can form a rectangle, which is beneficial to forming a regular friction surface and is convenient for processing.
Preferably, the thread of the threaded section is opposite to the thread provided on the outer wall of the adjustment head 42.
When carrying out guide rail vertical direction position adjustment through adjusting head 42, there is frictional force between annular recess 411 downside and the protruding 421 downside of annular, adjust head 42 and can give a movement trend of locking head 41 at this frictional force of rotatory in-process, when frictional force reaches the certain degree, just probably drive locking head 41, it is not hard up to cause the relation of connection, be unfavorable for accurate regulation, the setting of reverse screw thread can let the movement trend that most accommodation process brought lock locking head 41, ensure the accuracy of regulation.
Preferably, the fixing seats 31 are arranged at opposite positions on both sides of the guide rail 2.
When carrying out horizontal direction position adjustment, adjusting pin 32 pushes up guide rail 2 and moves, sets up fixing base 31 in the relative position of guide rail 2, that is to say that adjusting pin 32 is the symmetry setting, and both sides can go on in step when adjusting, and the position of both sides butt is relative, and is more stable when adjusting to be difficult to lead to the skew of guide rail 2 because unilateral adjustment stress point position deviation.
Preferably, the first fixing screws 5 and the adjusting screw holes are spaced apart along the length direction of the guide rail 2.
Can loosen first set screw 5 between adjusting to guarantee to carry out the ascending regulation of vertical direction, lock again after the regulation is accomplished, first set screw 5 main effect lies in stabilizing the perpendicular adjusting part 4 guide rail of cooperation, and the mode that the interval set up makes the both sides of every group of perpendicular adjusting part 4 all have the fastening point, can eliminate the deviation because gap brought between annular groove 411 and the annular bulge 421 to a great extent.
Preferably, the locking head 41 and the adjustment head 42 are both operated by a socket head tool.
For the guide rail 2, the adjusting component is arranged on the guide rail, and the principle that the basic function of the guide rail is not influenced is taken as a principle, so that the space occupation of an operating part is greatly limited, the space occupation is reduced as much as possible, the normal use of the guide rail 2 can be ensured to a great extent, the locking head 41 and the adjusting head 42 both need rotating power and are in a sleeved connection relationship, as is apparent from fig. 3, the operating position of the locking head 41 in the embodiment is wrapped in the operating position of the adjusting head 42, the operation is carried out through an inner hexagonal tool, the peripheral operating space is not needed, the locking head 41 and the adjusting head 42 can enter a working state from the same insertion point, the space occupied by the operation is greatly saved, and the inner hexagonal tool is selected mainly based on the structural design of the vertical adjusting component 4 and is perfectly combined.
A machine tool guide rail adjusting method comprises the following steps:
s1, detecting the straightness of the machine tool guide rail in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction through a measuring instrument;
s2, dividing the detection results in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction into three parts according to deviation amount, and corresponding to the positions on the guide rail, wherein the horizontal direction is divided into a horizontal main deviation section, a horizontal secondary deviation section and a horizontal follow-up deviation section, and the vertical direction is divided into a vertical main deviation section, a vertical secondary deviation section and a vertical follow-up deviation section;
s3, adjusting the horizontal deviation of the machine tool track through the horizontal adjusting component 3 according to the sequence of adjusting the horizontal main deviation section, adjusting the horizontal secondary deviation section and finally adjusting the horizontal follow-up deviation section;
s4, adjusting the vertical deviation of the machine tool track through the vertical adjusting component 4 according to the sequence of adjusting the vertical main deviation section, then adjusting the vertical secondary deviation section and finally adjusting the vertical follow-up deviation section;
and S5, repeating the steps S3 and S4 until the deviation of all the positions of the machine tool guide rail is within the allowable range.
Preferably, in step S2, the value between the maximum value and the minimum value of the deviation amount is divided into three parts, so that the value of the first part is always larger than the value of the second part, and the value of the second part is always larger than the value of the third part.
For a section of guide rail 2, the position deviation is generally started from a certain point, then the guide rail 2 is extended, the guide rail 2 is segmented according to the deviation amount, the adjustment is started from the position with the maximum deviation, other parts follow up along with the adjustment process, in the actual operation process, after the main deviation section and the secondary deviation end are adjusted, generally speaking, the follow-up deviation section meets the precision requirement, and the segmentation mode and the adjustment sequence can enable the adjustment work to have strong purpose and pertinence, and the efficiency is much higher than that of the random adjustment.
Preferably, the measuring instrument is a laser interferometer.
The laser interferometer uses laser wavelength as a known length, utilizes a Michelson interference system to measure the general length of displacement, and has the advantages of high intensity, high directivity, spatial coherence, narrow bandwidth, high monochromaticity and the like. At present, the commonly used interferometer for measuring length is mainly a michelson interferometer, and a frequency stabilized he-ne laser is used as a light source to form a measuring system with interference effect. The laser interferometer can be matched with various refractors, reflectors and the like to measure linear position, speed, angle, true flatness, true straightness, parallelism, verticality and the like, and can be used for correcting precise machine tools or measuring instruments.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that "-" and "-" indicate the same range of two numerical values, and the range includes the endpoints. For example, "A-B" means a range greater than or equal to A and less than or equal to B. "A to B" means a range of not less than A and not more than B.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the term "and/or" herein is only one kind of association relationship describing an associated object, and means that there may be three kinds of relationships, for example, a and/or B, and may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the former and latter related objects are in an "or" relationship.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A machine tool guide rail device capable of adjusting the precision of a machine tool is characterized by comprising a machine table, a guide rail and an adjusting mechanism, wherein the adjusting mechanism comprises a horizontal adjusting assembly and a vertical adjusting assembly; the horizontal adjusting assembly comprises a fixed seat and an adjusting pin, a fixed hole is formed in the machine table, the fixed seat is fixed on the table top of the machine table through a second fixing screw matched with the fixed hole, a jackscrew threaded hole and a jack matched with the adjusting pin are formed in the fixed seat, an inclined surface is arranged at one end, located in the fixed seat, of the adjusting pin, the jackscrew threaded hole and the jack are perpendicular to each other and are communicated at the end head, the inclined surface of the adjusting pin faces the jackscrew threaded hole, and the other end of the adjusting pin abuts against the side surface of the guide rail; the vertical adjustment subassembly includes locking head and regulation head, the locking head includes screw thread section and linkage segment, the linkage segment is the cylinder, be provided with the annular groove of perpendicular to axis direction on the cylinder outer wall, it sets up the screwed pipe for the outer wall to adjust the head, the pipe inner wall be provided with the annular that the annular groove matches is protruding, the bellied internal diameter of annular is greater than the internal diameter of annular groove, annular protruding with the annular groove joint, the screw thread section is used for being connected with the board, be provided with the regulation screw hole on the guide rail, adjust the screw hole with the screw thread that the regulation head outer wall set up matches.
2. The machine tool guide rail device capable of adjusting the precision of a machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting pin is quadrangular.
3. A machine tool guide rail device capable of adjusting the precision of a machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the fixed seats are arranged at opposite positions on two sides of the guide rail.
4. The machine tool guide rail device capable of adjusting the precision of a machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the thread of the thread section is opposite to the thread arranged on the outer wall of the adjusting head.
5. The machine tool guide rail device capable of adjusting the precision of a machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the first fixing screw and the adjusting threaded hole are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the guide rail.
6. The machine tool guide rail device capable of adjusting the precision of a machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the locking head and the adjusting head are operated by a hexagon socket head tool.
7. A method for adjusting a guide rail of a machine tool is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, detecting the straightness of the machine tool guide rail in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction through a measuring instrument;
s2, dividing the detection results in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction into three parts according to deviation amount, and corresponding to the positions on the guide rail, wherein the horizontal direction is divided into a horizontal main deviation section, a horizontal secondary deviation section and a horizontal follow-up deviation section, and the vertical direction is divided into a vertical main deviation section, a vertical secondary deviation section and a vertical follow-up deviation section;
s3, adjusting the horizontal deviation of the machine tool rail through the horizontal adjusting component according to the sequence of adjusting the horizontal main deviation section, adjusting the horizontal secondary deviation section and finally adjusting the horizontal follow-up deviation section;
s4, adjusting the vertical deviation of the machine tool track through a vertical adjusting assembly according to the sequence of adjusting a vertical main deviation section, adjusting a vertical secondary deviation section and finally adjusting a vertical follow-up deviation section;
and S5, repeating the steps S3 and S4 until the deviation of all the positions of the machine tool guide rail is within the allowable range.
8. The method for adjusting a guide rail of a machine tool according to claim 7, wherein in step S2, the value between the maximum value and the minimum value of the deviation amount is divided into three parts, and the value of the first part is always larger than the value of the second part, and the value of the second part is always larger than the value of the third part.
9. The method of adjusting rails of a machine tool according to claim 7, wherein the measuring instrument is a laser interferometer.
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| CN202010097203.2A CN111300076B (en) | 2020-02-17 | 2020-02-17 | Machine tool guide rail device capable of adjusting machine tool precision and adjusting method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010097203.2A CN111300076B (en) | 2020-02-17 | 2020-02-17 | Machine tool guide rail device capable of adjusting machine tool precision and adjusting method |
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| CN111300076B CN111300076B (en) | 2021-08-17 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114289438A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-04-08 | 安徽集萃智造机器人科技有限公司 | Guide rail installation and adjustment system based on I-steel base |
| CN117283261A (en) * | 2023-11-03 | 2023-12-26 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Precise assembly device and method for air-floating supporting structure of air-floating guide rail |
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| CN117283261A (en) * | 2023-11-03 | 2023-12-26 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Precise assembly device and method for air-floating supporting structure of air-floating guide rail |
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|---|---|
| CN111300076B (en) | 2021-08-17 |
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