CN111298520A - Preparation method of composite material layer, composite material layer and mask - Google Patents
Preparation method of composite material layer, composite material layer and mask Download PDFInfo
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- CN111298520A CN111298520A CN202010113858.4A CN202010113858A CN111298520A CN 111298520 A CN111298520 A CN 111298520A CN 202010113858 A CN202010113858 A CN 202010113858A CN 111298520 A CN111298520 A CN 111298520A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B23/00—Filters for breathing-protection purposes
- A62B23/02—Filters for breathing-protection purposes for respirators
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B7/00—Respiratory apparatus
- A62B7/10—Respiratory apparatus with filter elements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B9/00—Component parts for respiratory or breathing apparatus
- A62B9/06—Mouthpieces; Nose-clips
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
- B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/306—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol (co)polymers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/06—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer mechanically connected, e.g. by needling to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/10—Filtering material manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0223—Vinyl resin fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0223—Vinyl resin fibres
- B32B2262/0238—Vinyl halide, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0253—Polyolefin fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0276—Polyester fibres
- B32B2262/0284—Polyethylene terephthalate [PET] or polybutylene terephthalate [PBT]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0292—Polyurethane fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/06—Vegetal fibres
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The embodiment of the application provides a preparation method of a composite material layer, the composite material layer and a mask, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing a nanofiber filtering layer on the first protective layer by adopting an airflow spinning process; the second protective layer is connected with the first protective layer so as to clamp the nanofiber filtering layer between the first protective layer and the second protective layer to form a composite filtering layer; and (3) laminating the composite filter layer on the support layer to obtain the composite material layer. The preparation method of the composite material layer, the composite material layer and the mask provided by the embodiment of the application adopt the airflow spinning process to prepare the nanofiber filter layer on the first protective layer, and then prepare the composite material layer, and the composite material layer is used as the core filter layer of the mask, so that the mask can be used for many times after effective disinfection and sterilization treatment is carried out by methods such as alcohol, high temperature, ultraviolet, fumigation, boiling and the like, the productivity and the use cost are greatly saved, and the waste and the post-treatment pollution are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of mask preparation, in particular to a preparation method of a composite material layer, the composite material layer and a mask.
Background
New coronavirus suddenly erupted in the early 2020, the N95 mask and the medical mask are out of stock, and the mask is difficult to be used in the market. In the market, electret cloth is adopted for the filter layer of most masks, namely, a corona discharge mode is adopted, and common melt-blown cloth is charged under the condition of not increasing the resistance, so that the trapping and filtering of particles are improved.
Static charges can be lost or neutralized with the increase of time in the use of the mask, so that the filtering effect is reduced, and the basic reason of the effective period of the mask at the present stage is also. In addition, the treatment methods of alcohol, high temperature, ultraviolet, fumigation, boiling and the like can sterilize, but the methods can greatly accelerate the static disappearance, so that although the treated mask is a sterile mask, the filtering effect is correspondingly disappeared, the protection effect is lost, most of the civil and medical protective masks on the market at the present stage can only be used as disposable consumables, and the resource waste is greatly caused.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a method for preparing a composite material layer, and a mask, which can solve the technical problem that most of civil and medical protective masks in the market at the present stage can only be used as disposable consumables, thereby greatly causing resource waste.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing a composite material layer, where the method for preparing the composite material layer includes:
preparing a nanofiber filtering layer on the first protective layer by adopting an airflow spinning process; and
and laminating the composite filter layer on a support layer to obtain a composite material layer.
In the preparation method of the composite material layer according to the embodiment of the present application, before the step of stacking the composite filter layer on the support layer to obtain the composite material layer, the method further includes:
and a second protective layer is connected with the first protective layer so as to clamp the nanofiber filtering layer between the first protective layer and the second protective layer to form a composite filtering layer.
In the preparation method of the composite material layer according to the embodiment of the present application, the step of preparing the nanofiber filter layer on the first protective layer by using the air spinning process includes:
adding a preset polymer solute into a preset solvent, and stirring at a preset temperature for a first preset time period to obtain a polymer solution;
drawing the polymer solution flowing out of the spinning die head by utilizing high-speed airflow to form fine flow, and thinning the fiber along with the evaporation of the solvent to form nano fiber;
and arranging a first protective layer at a preset distance of the spinning die head so as to collect the nanofibers on the first protective layer, wherein the nanofibers form a nanofiber filter layer.
In the preparation method of the composite material layer according to the embodiment of the present application, before the step of adding a preset polymer solute into a preset solvent and stirring at a preset temperature and at a constant temperature for a first preset time period to obtain a polymer solution, the method further includes:
and carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the preset solvent for a second preset time period.
In the preparation method of the composite material layer according to the embodiment of the application, the preset solvent is formed by mixing one or more of dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, ethyl acetate, acetone and formic acid; the preset polymer solute is formed by mixing one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride, polystyrene, polyurethane, polyamide and polyacrylonitrile; wherein the mass percentage of the preset polymer solute in the polymer solution is 5-25%.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present application further provide a composite material layer, including:
a support layer;
a first protective layer disposed on the support layer; and
the nano material filter layer is arranged on the first protective layer and is made of one or a combination of polyvinylidene fluoride, polystyrene, polyurethane, polyamide and polyacrylonitrile.
In the composite material layer according to the embodiment of the present application, the first protective layer is poly (terephthalic acid) or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
In the composite material layer of this application embodiment, the supporting layer is cotton woven cloth or polypropylene spunbonded nonwoven.
In the composite material layer of this application embodiment, still include the second protective layer, nanometer material filter layer clamp is located first protective layer with between the second protective layer, the second protective layer is cotton woven cloth or polypropylene spunbonded nonwoven.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a mask, including a mask body formed by the composite material layer and a belt body disposed on the mask body.
The preparation method of the composite material layer, the composite material layer and the mask provided by the embodiment of the application adopt the airflow spinning process to prepare the nanofiber filter layer on the first protective layer, and then prepare the composite material layer, and the composite material layer is used as the core filter layer of the mask, so that the mask can be used for many times after effective disinfection and sterilization treatment is carried out by methods such as alcohol, high temperature, ultraviolet, fumigation, boiling and the like, the productivity and the use cost are greatly saved, and the waste and the post-treatment pollution are reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a composite material layer provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an air spinning apparatus in a method for preparing a composite material provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is another schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a composite material layer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a composite material layer provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is another schematic structural diagram of a composite layer provided in an embodiment of the present application; and
fig. 6 is a schematic view of a mask structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present application and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", "fifth", "sixth", "seventh" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", "third", "fourth", "fifth", "sixth", "seventh" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for manufacturing a composite material layer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The composite material layer prepared by the preparation method of the composite material provided by the embodiment of the application can be applied to the mask, so that the mask can be used for multiple times after effective disinfection and sterilization treatment is carried out by methods such as alcohol, high temperature, ultraviolet, fumigation, boiling and the like, and the productivity and the use cost are greatly saved. As shown in fig. 1, a specific process of the method for preparing a composite material layer provided in the embodiment of the present application may be as follows:
101. and preparing the nanofiber filtering layer on the first protective layer by adopting an air spinning process.
The air spinning process is a spinning method for producing nano-fiber by a solution method, in particular to a method for thinning fiber to form nano-fiber by drawing a precursor polymer solution extruded from a spinning die head by utilizing high-speed air flow and accompanying with the evaporation of a solvent.
It should be noted that the air spinning process adopted in the present application is a novel technical means for preparing nanofibers. Compared with the traditional electrostatic spinning process, the speed of producing the nano-fiber by the airflow spinning process is several times higher, so that the production scale can be realized while the morphology and the diameter of the nano-fiber are controlled, the device is simpler, the operation is safer and more convenient, and the cost is low.
For example, please refer to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an air spinning device in a method for preparing a composite material according to an embodiment of the present application. It should be noted that the airflow spinning device shown in fig. 2 is only one of the device structures schematically adopted in the preparation method of the composite material provided in the embodiment of the present application, and is only used to illustrate the principle of the airflow spinning process. As shown in fig. 2, the gas flow spinning apparatus 200 is composed of a pressure regulator 21, a low pressure injector 22, an injection pump 23, a compressed gas source 20, a receiving device 24, and the like.
Specifically, the gas-flow spinning process uses a syringe pump 23 to deliver the polymer solution to a device consisting of a coaxial low-pressure syringe 22, wherein the polymer solution is pumped through a spinning die of the coaxial low-pressure syringe 22, a compressed gas source 20 outputs a high-speed gas flow through a nozzle through a pressure regulator 21 to maintain, and then the nanofibers are collected at a receiving device 24.
The polymer solution flowing out of the spinning die head is stretched into solution thin flow by the pressure difference and the airflow shearing force at the gas/solution interface, the solution thin flow is discharged along with the airflow direction towards the collection, and the linear precursor solution thin flow is split to form micro-fiber and nano-fiber nets along with the rapid evaporation of solvent components in the flight process. Solution injection rate, gas flow rate, polymer concentration, collection distance and protrusion distance of the inner nozzle all have an effect on nanofiber diameter. The effect of polymer type and concentration on fiber diameter is greater than other parametric tests, the injection rate, air flow pressure and collection distance all affect fiber production rate or fiber morphology. The fiber can be easily formed into micro-nano fiber, which can be directly collected on plastic, stainless steel net or rotary drum. Virtually any type of target can be used for nano-fiber collection.
In some embodiments, the step of preparing the nanofiber filter layer on the first protective layer using an air spinning process comprises:
1011. adding a preset polymer solute into a preset solvent, and stirring at a preset temperature for a first preset time period to obtain a polymer solution.
1012. The polymer solution extruded from the spinneret die head is drawn by high-speed airflow to form fine flow, and the fiber is refined along with the evaporation of the solvent to form the nano fiber.
1013. A first protective layer is disposed at a predetermined distance of the die to collect nanofibers on the first protective layer, the nanofibers forming a nanofiber filter layer.
Specifically, taking the gas-flow spinning apparatus shown in fig. 2 as an example, a polymer solution is fed into an apparatus composed of a coaxial low-pressure injector 22, wherein the polymer solution is pumped through a spinning die of the coaxial low-pressure injector 22, a compressed gas source 20 outputs a high-speed gas flow through a nozzle by a pressure regulator 21, a receiving device 24 is provided at a predetermined distance from the die, a first protective layer is provided on the receiving device, and nanofibers are collected on the first protective layer.
Wherein the first preset time period is 2-6 hours. The preset solvent is formed by mixing one or more of dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, ethyl acetate, acetone and formic acid. The preset polymer solute comprises one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride, polystyrene, polyurethane, polyamide and polyacrylonitrile. Further, the mass percentage of the preset polymer solute in the preset polymer solution is 5% -25%. In other embodiments, the predetermined polymer solute in the predetermined polymer solution may be 8%, 10%, 13%, 18%, 22%, etc. by mass.
Wherein the first protective layer is polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). The areal density of the first protective layer ranges from 10 grams per square meter (g/m2) to 30 grams per square meter (g/m 2).
In some embodiments, the step of adding a predetermined polymer solute to a predetermined solvent and stirring at a predetermined temperature and at a constant temperature for a first predetermined time period to obtain a polymer solution further comprises:
1014. and carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the preset solvent for a second preset time period.
Wherein the first preset time period is 2-6 hours, and the second preset time period is 18-25 minutes. According to the preparation method of the composite material layer provided by the embodiment of the application, the polymer solution with the preset viscosity can be prepared by controlling the first preset time period and the second preset time period.
102. And (3) laminating the composite filter layer on the support layer to obtain the composite material layer.
Wherein, the supporting layer is cotton woven cloth or polypropylene spun-bonded non-woven cloth. The specification, model and type of the cotton woven cloth are not limited, and the cotton woven cloth mainly meets the characteristics of good air permeability, flexibility and high contact comfort with skin. The polypropylene spunbond nonwoven has hydrophobicity. The polypropylene spunbond nonwoven has an areal density in the range of 10 grams per square meter (g/m2) to 30 grams per square meter (g/m 2). It should be noted that, because the support layer is the polypropylene spun-bonded nonwoven fabric, the nanofiber filter layer is not damaged when the composite material layer is cleaned. In addition, when the composite material layer is applied to the mask, water vapor is contained in the breathing process, and the support layer is made of polypropylene spun-bonded non-woven fabric hydrophobic material, so that the nanofiber filter layer cannot be damaged.
In some embodiments, the step of disposing the composite filter layer on the support layer to provide a composite layer comprises: and the composite filter layer is connected with the textile cloth support in a laminating way by adopting a seam, hot melting or gluing way.
In addition, referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is another schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a composite material layer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 3, before the step of stacking the composite filter layer on the support layer to obtain the composite material layer, the method further comprises:
103. the second protective layer is connected with the first protective layer so as to clamp the nanofiber filter layer between the first protective layer and the second protective layer to form the composite filter layer.
Wherein, the second protective layer is cotton woven cloth or polypropylene spun-bonded non-woven cloth. The polypropylene spunbond nonwoven has an areal density in the range of 10 grams per square meter (g/m2) to 30 grams per square meter (g/m 2). It should be noted that the second protective layer may be a hydrophobic polypropylene spunbonded nonwoven or a hydrophilic polypropylene spunbonded nonwoven.
In some embodiments, the step of forming the composite filtration layer using a second protective layer in contact with the first protective layer to sandwich the nanofiber filtration layer between the first protective layer and the second protective layer comprises: and welding the second protective layer and the first protective layer by using an ultrasonic compound machine so as to clamp the nanofiber filter layer between the first protective layer and the second protective layer to form a compound filter layer.
The preparation method of the composite material layer, the composite material layer and the mask provided by the embodiment of the application adopt the airflow spinning process to prepare the nanofiber filter layer on the first protective layer, and then prepare the composite material layer, and the composite material layer is used as the core filter layer of the mask, so that the mask can be used for many times after effective disinfection and sterilization treatment is carried out by methods such as alcohol, high temperature, ultraviolet, fumigation, boiling and the like, the productivity and the use cost are greatly saved, and the waste and the post-treatment pollution are reduced.
Compared with the electrostatic spinning process, the preparation method provided by the application adopts the airflow spinning process, and has the advantages of safer production process, no requirement on the conductivity of a polymer solution and wider selectable solution system because a high-voltage electrostatic source is not required. The thickness of the nanofiber pack on the collector does not affect the fiber quality. The electrostatic spinning process influences the fiber quality after collecting the nano-fibers with certain thickness due to the field intensity, the yarn yield of the airflow spinning process in unit time is several times of that of the electrostatic spinning, and the problem that the electrostatic spinning process is not easy to scale is greatly solved. The airflow spinning process can rapidly prepare the nanofiber filter layer with higher areal density, and the filtration efficiency can be achieved by independently depending on the nanofiber filter layer.
The following description will be specifically made in conjunction with the first embodiment, the second embodiment, the third embodiment, and the fourth embodiment.
In a first example, the first protective layer was a 5 grams per square meter (g/m2) hydrophobic EVA hot melt adhesive film and the second protective layer was a 25 grams per square meter (g/m2) hydrophobic polypropylene spunbond nonwoven. Adding a proper amount of polyamide (Pa6) powder into a formic acid solvent, and stirring for 4 hours (h) at 50 ℃ under the condition of heat preservation (DEG C), thereby finally obtaining a polymer solution of polyamide with the mass fraction of 12%. A first protective layer was disposed on a collector, a collection distance was set to 15cm, a wind power was set to 300 meters per minute (m/min), and a single needle liquid supply speed was set to 1.5 milliliters per hour (ml/h), so that the nanofiber filtration layer was formed on the first protective layer. And covering the second protective layer on the first protective layer and the nanofiber filter layer after spinning is finished, and performing welding treatment by using an ultrasonic compound machine to obtain the compound filter layer. And finally, coating the composite material layer by using 25g of polypropylene spun-bonded non-woven fabric per square meter as a supporting layer, and performing seam compounding to obtain the composite material layer for the mask.
And (3) carrying out filtration test on the obtained composite material layer, wherein the test equipment is TSI8130, and the test conditions are as follows: 32L/min flow, 0.3 micron particle size salt spray. The filtration efficiency was 98.2% and the air resistance was 120 pascals (Pa).
In a second example, the first protective layer was a 10 grams per square meter (g/m2) hydrophobic EVA hot melt adhesive film and the second protective layer was a 20 grams per square meter (g/m2) polypropylene spunbond nonwoven. Mixing Dimethylformamide (DMF)/ethyl acetate (MAc) 1:1 solvent, and performing ultrasonic dispersion treatment for 20 minutes; then adding a proper amount of polyurethane (TPU) particles into the solvent which is well treated by ultrasonic treatment, and stirring for 4 hours (h) to finally obtain a polymer solution of polyurethane with the mass fraction of 22%. A first protective layer was disposed on a collector, a collection distance was set at 21 centimeters (cm), a wind force was set at 400 meters per minute (m/min), and a single needle liquid feed rate was set at 4.0 milliliters per hour (ml/h) such that the polymer solution formed a nanofiber filtration layer on the first protective layer. And covering a second protective layer on the first protective layer and the nanofiber filter layer after spinning is finished, and performing welding treatment by using an ultrasonic compound machine to obtain the compound filter layer. And finally, using 20 grams per square meter (g/m2) of polypropylene PP non-woven fabric as a supporting layer to coat the composite filtering layer, and performing seam compounding to obtain the composite material layer for the mask.
And (3) carrying out filtration test on the obtained composite material layer, wherein the test equipment is TSI8130, and the test conditions are as follows: 32L/min flow, 0.3 micron particle size salt spray. The filtration efficiency was 95.5% and the air resistance 135 pascal (Pa).
In the third embodiment, the first protective layer was a PET non-woven fabric of 10 grams per square meter (g/m2), and the second protective layer was a cotton woven fabric of 25 grams per square meter (g/m 2). Adding a proper amount of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) powder into a dimethylformamide solvent, and stirring for 4 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃ to finally obtain a 15% polyacrylonitrile polymer solution. Placing the first protective layer PET non-woven fabric on a collector, setting the collection distance to be 30 centimeters (cm), the wind power to be 280 meters per minute (m/min), and the liquid supply speed of a single needle to be 2.0 milliliters per hour (ml/h); such that the polymer solution forms a filtration layer of nanofibers on the first protective layer. And covering the first protective layer and the nanofiber filter layer with a second protective layer after spinning is finished, and performing welding treatment by using an ultrasonic compounding machine to obtain the composite filter layer. And finally, covering the composite filter layer with a textile cloth supporting layer, and performing seam compounding to obtain a composite material layer for the mask.
And (3) carrying out filtration test on the obtained composite material layer, wherein the test equipment is TSI8130, and the test conditions are as follows: 32L/min flow, 0.3 micron particle size salt spray. The filtration efficiency was 96.1% and the air resistance 98 pascal (Pa).
In the fourth embodiment, the first protective layer was a PET nonwoven fabric of 5 grams per square meter (g/m2), and the second protective layer was a cotton woven fabric of 25 grams per square meter (g/m 2). Adding a proper amount of polyvinylidene fluoride powder into a dimethylformamide solvent, stirring at 55 ℃ for 4 hours under the condition of heat preservation, and obtaining a polymer solution containing 16% of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The first protective layer PET non-woven fabric is placed on a collector, the collection distance is set to be 20 centimeters (cm), the wind power is 350 meters per minute (m/min), and the liquid supply speed of a single needle is 2.3 milliliters per hour (ml/h). And covering the first protective layer and the nanofiber filter layer with a second protective layer after spinning is finished, and performing welding treatment by using an ultrasonic compounding machine to obtain the composite filter layer. And finally, covering the composite filter layer by using a cotton woven cloth supporting layer, and performing seam compounding to obtain the composite material layer for the mask.
And (3) carrying out filtration test on the obtained composite material layer, wherein the test equipment is TSI8130, and the test conditions are as follows: 32L/min flow, 0.3 micron particle size salt spray. The filtration efficiency was 97.2% and the air resistance was 105 pascals (Pa).
It should be noted that the average diameter of the polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber is smaller, the effective pore diameter is smaller under the same filtering efficiency, the surface density is lower, and the polyvinylidene fluoride is used in an organic electret, and the filtering efficiency can be effectively improved by electrifying through fiber self-friction in the spinning process. The polyurethane nanofiber has more uniform diameter distribution, more stable process, better elasticity and difficult damage in use.
Comparative examples are given in the following table; because of the increase of time and the vapor in breathing in the gauze mask uses, can reduce filtering material's electrostatic effect, for the study static terminal condition of inefficacy, this application is destaticing the material and is handled. The comparison table of the performances of the PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) nanofibers and the PS (polystyrene) nanofibers prepared by air spinning in the application and the performances of the melt-blown PP fibers and the glass fibers before and after static electricity removal in the market is shown in table 1:
the test equipment is TSI8130, and the test conditions are as follows: 32L/min flow, 0.3 micron particle size salt spray.
Table 1 is a table comparing properties of PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) nanofibers and PS (polystyrene) nanofibers prepared by air spinning in the present application with those of melt-blown PP fibers and glass fibers in the market before and after removing static electricity.
Although the glass fiber filter material has a good filtering effect, the glass fiber filter material has the possibility of carcinogenesis when being inhaled into a human body, has very large air resistance, and is not suitable for being used as a manufacturing material of a mask. The air resistance of the melt-blown filter material is small, but the filtering effect is unstable, static disappears or can make efficiency reduce gradually by neutralization in the use, the risk of dust and germ permeation is increased, especially, the static effect completely loses efficacy after alcohol disinfection is carried out on the filter material, if the filter material is worn again, the protection function of the mask is equivalent to a nominal value, and therefore the filter material can only be used as a disposable protection mask. The gauze mask that uses hydrophobic nanofiber filter layer to make as the core that provides in this application then does not have such risk, and filter effect can not reduce in the use, and carries out alcohol, high temperature, ultraviolet, stifling, still has higher filter effect after boiling disinfection processing, can carry out repetitious usage.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a composite material layer provided in an embodiment of the present application. The composite material layer is prepared by the preparation method of the composite material layer in any embodiment. Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the composite material layer includes: a support layer 201, a first protective layer 202, and a nanofiber filtration layer 203.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is another structural schematic diagram of a composite material layer provided in an embodiment of the present application. The composite material layer is prepared by the preparation method of the composite material layer in any embodiment. Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, the composite material layer includes: a support layer 201, a first protective layer 202, a nanofiber filtration layer 203, and a second protective layer 204.
The utility model provides a composite layer adopts the air current spinning technology to prepare the nanofiber filter layer on first protective layer, and then prepares composite layer to this composite layer is as the core filter layer of gauze mask, thereby makes the gauze mask can use many times after carrying out effective disinfection and isolation processing through methods such as alcohol, high temperature, ultraviolet, stifling, boiling, practice thrift productivity and use cost greatly, reduces extravagant and aftertreatment pollution.
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic view of a mask structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 6, the present embodiment further provides a mask, which includes a mask body 100 formed by the above-mentioned composite material layer, and a strap 200 disposed on the mask body 100. Wherein, the strap 200 is sewn or adhered to the mask body 100.
The preparation method of the composite material layer, the composite material layer and the mask provided by the embodiment of the application adopt the airflow spinning process to prepare the nanofiber filter layer on the first protective layer, and then prepare the composite material layer, and the composite material layer is used as the core filter layer of the mask, so that the mask can be used for many times after effective disinfection and sterilization treatment is carried out by methods such as alcohol, high temperature, ultraviolet, fumigation, boiling and the like, the productivity and the use cost are greatly saved, and the waste and the post-treatment pollution are reduced.
The above detailed description is provided for the preparation method of the composite material layer, the composite material layer and the mask provided in the embodiments of the present application, and the principle and the implementation manner of the present application are explained in this document by applying specific examples, and the description of the above embodiments is only used to help understanding the method and the core concept of the present application; meanwhile, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A method of making a composite layer, the method comprising:
preparing a nanofiber filtering layer on the first protective layer by adopting an airflow spinning process; and
and laminating the composite filter layer on a support layer to obtain a composite material layer.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of disposing the composite filter layer on the support layer to obtain the composite layer further comprises:
and a second protective layer is connected with the first protective layer so as to clamp the nanofiber filtering layer between the first protective layer and the second protective layer to form a composite filtering layer.
3. The method for preparing a composite material layer according to claim 1, wherein the step of preparing the nanofiber filter layer on the first protective layer by using an air spinning process comprises:
adding a preset polymer solute into a preset solvent, and stirring at a preset temperature for a first preset time period to obtain a polymer solution;
drawing the polymer solution flowing out of the spinning die head by utilizing high-speed airflow to form fine flow, and thinning the fiber along with the evaporation of the solvent to form nano fiber;
and arranging a first protective layer at a preset distance of the spinning die head so as to collect the nanofibers on the first protective layer, wherein the nanofibers form a nanofiber filter layer.
4. The method for preparing a composite material layer according to claim 3, wherein before the step of adding a predetermined polymer solute into a predetermined solvent and stirring at a predetermined temperature and constant temperature for a first predetermined time period to obtain a polymer solution, the method further comprises:
and carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the preset solvent for a second preset time period.
5. The method for preparing the composite material layer according to claim 3, wherein the predetermined solvent is one or more of dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, ethyl acetate, acetone and formic acid; the preset polymer solute is formed by mixing one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride, polystyrene, polyurethane, polyamide and polyacrylonitrile; wherein the mass percentage of the preset polymer solute in the polymer solution is 5-25%.
6. A composite layer, comprising:
a support layer;
a first protective layer disposed on the support layer; and
the nano material filter layer is arranged on the first protective layer and is made of one or a combination of polyvinylidene fluoride, polystyrene, polyurethane, polyamide and polyacrylonitrile.
7. The composite layer of claim 6, wherein the first protective layer is a poly (terephthalic acid) or an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
8. The composite layer of claim 6, wherein the support layer is a cotton woven fabric or a polypropylene spun bonded nonwoven fabric.
9. The composite material layer of claim 6, further comprising a second protective layer, wherein the second protective layer, the nanomaterial filter layer is sandwiched between the first protective layer and the second protective layer, and the second protective layer is a cotton woven fabric or a polypropylene spun-bonded nonwoven fabric.
10. A mask comprising a mask body formed of the composite material layer according to any one of claims 6 to 9 and a strap provided on the mask body.
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