CN101845675A - Electrostatic spinning method and device for preparing nano long fibers arranged in single direction along fiber axis - Google Patents
Electrostatic spinning method and device for preparing nano long fibers arranged in single direction along fiber axis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electrostatic spinning method and an electrostatic spinning device for preparing nano long fibers arranged in a single direction along a fiber axis, and belongs to the field of electrostatic spinning. The device comprises a spinning jet and a roller collector, and also comprises a coagulating bath which is arranged under the spinning jet and provided with a grounding device; the coagulating bath and a pump form a circulating device through a pipeline; or the coagulating bath, a high-level water tank, a low-level water tank and a pump form a circulating device through a pipeline. The method comprises the following steps of: preparing 8 to 40 weight percent polymer spinning solution, spraying fibers by using the spinning jet, feeding the fibers into the coagulating bath after the fibers volatilize a solvent in the air, further removing a part of solvent from the coagulating bath, eliminating electrostatic effect in electrostatic spinning under the guide action of coagulating bath solution to ensure directional flow of the fibers, and collecting the fibers by using the roller collector. The method prepares the nano long fibers with low adhesion between monofilaments, low winding, good unidirectional arrangement, high orientation degree, good order structure, little residual solvent and controllable fiber surface form.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method and the device of electrostatic spinning, be specifically related between a kind of preparation monofilament adhesion few, twine less, unidirectional array is good, degree of orientation height, long stapled electrospinning process of the nanometer that the order structure is good and residual solvent is few, the fiber surface form is controlled and device.
Background technology
Electrostatic spinning is to obtain nanoscale or the most effective spinning process of Sub-micro Fibers at present, the diameter of the nanofiber of gained is generally between tens nanometers～several microns, the hole dimension of non-woven mat is between several microns～hundreds of micron, have the specific area of superelevation and big porosity, the orientation of fiber molecule chain and the rearrangement of lattice can show more excellent mechanical property, are the important reinforcing materials of preparation high-performance composite materials.Electro spinning nano fiber, it is very difficult along the single nanofiber or the single shaft fibre bundle of fiber axis unidirectional array to obtain.This is that this whip is moving owing to crooked unstability causes because the flight path of polymer jet is very complicated three-dimensional " shake or whip are moving ", rather than produce at the straight line path place.Therefore electric-woven super-fine fiber is many obtains with the nonwoven fabric form, and this has limited the application of superfine fibre to a certain extent, and can access superfine fibre continuous and that align is researcher's target always.The numerous researcher in the whole world has all done a large amount of research in this respect, up to today, does not also make the nanometer continuous long fiber, and the reported in literature of the relevant fiber that is arranged in parallel also seldom.Matthew etc., can obtain the bigger fiber that aligns of area, but still have the fiber of more omnidirectional arrangement, and when rotating speed is too high, the space can occur between fiber as negative electrode with the metal rotary drum of at a high speed rotation.Katta etc. are combined into the profile of drum type to lead, and rotate as negative electrode at a high speed, have collected the fiber of high orientation, and fibrage is thinner.As receiving system, the edge of disk is taper to Theron etc., and is very sharp with the disk of at a high speed rotation, can receive the fiber that high orientation is arranged, but after the fiber that receives was thicker, if still keep original rotating speed, the degree of orientation of fiber can obviously reduce.Dalton etc. as the negative electrode gathering-device, have obtained the fiber that aligns with two parallel placed metal annulus between annulus, when a ring rotates, can receive the fibre bundle of twisting, but limited length.The device of designs such as Deitze connects different voltage as anode at spinning nozzle with the copper band place, produce the electric field that comes together in a straight line by between spinning nozzle and receiving system, placing copper band, the jet that has suppressed unstable originally " whip is moving ", jet is straightened, the superfine fibre that obtains aligning.Smit etc. in coagulating bath, have obtained aligning good length and continuous tow by the rotary drum that connects rotation at a high speed with polyacrylonitrile, Kynoar and polyvinyl acetate electrospinning then, and its shortcoming is that the speed of collection tow is relatively slow.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of preparation along the long stapled electrostatic spinning apparatus of fiber axis unidirectional array nanometer, comprise spinning head and roller gatherer, it is characterized in that: also be included in the coagulating tank that has earthing or grounding means that the spinning head below is provided with, described coagulating tank and pump form a circulating device by pipeline;
Water head tank and low tank perhaps are set respectively before and after coagulating tank; Described coagulating tank, water head tank and low tank and pump form a circulating device by pipeline.
The distance on spinning head and receiver coagulating bath surface is 8-30cm, and the angulation on roller gatherer and coagulating tank receiver surface is-10～30 degree.
Use the method for described preparation along the long stapled electrostatic spinning apparatus of fiber axis unidirectional array nanometer, it is characterized in that: configuration concentration is the polymer spinning solution of 8%wt～40%wt, the polymer spinning solution of configuration is sprayed fiber by spinning head, fiber enters coagulating tank behind the solvent flashing in air, in coagulating tank, further remove partial solvent, under the guide functions of coagulating bath solution, eliminate the electrostatic interaction in the electrospinning silk, fiber alignment is flowed, collect through the roller gatherer again.Coagulating bath solution is pure water, perhaps is the mixed solution of solvent and water; And temperature is 0～25 ℃, and the control flow is 0.7L/min～20L/min.
The present invention obtain between monofilament adhesion few, twine less, unidirectional array is good, degree of orientation height, the long fiber bundle that the order structure is good and residual solvent is few, the fiber surface form is controlled.This method is simple to operate, good, the easy control of directional effect, and cost is low.
The long stapled electrospinning process of nanometer that the preparation that the present invention proposes is orientated along fiber axis: in the electrostatic spinning process, polymer spinning solution with configuration, spray by spinning head, by coagulating tank receiver reception formation as-spun fibre, fiber falls within on the coagulating bath surface, collects continuously under the winding draw of the guide functions of the coagulating bath solution that flows and follow-up roller gatherer again.Used electrostatic spinning apparatus is just including (or negative) electrode spinning head and receiver, and it is 15KV～35KV that static spins suitable voltage.
The number of spinning head is controlled to be 1～2000, and the spinneret orifice number of spinning head is 1～100, and the aperture of spinneret orifice is 0.1mm～3mm.
Polymer in the described polymer spinning solution is polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), pitch, polyamide, polyurethane, fibroin, shitosan, PLA, polyethylene arsenic pyrrolidone (PVP), Kynoar (PVDF) and poly-inclined to one side hydrogen viton copolymers [P (VDF-HFP)], polycaprolactone, the macromolecule (as nucleic acid, protein, cellulose and polysaccharide) of organism, polyesteramide, multiple single aggressiveness, copolymer, mixture fibers such as isomorphism oxalate, polysulfones, polyethylene.The concentration of solution is 8%～40%wt, polymer solution can comprise water, absolute ethyl alcohol, N with multiple solvent, dinethylformamide (DMF), DMSo, oxolane, sodium sulfocyanate (NaSCN), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), hexafluoro propyl alcohol, Hexafluoro acetone, trifluoroacetic acid and acetone (Act) etc.
The long stapled electrostatic spinning apparatus of preparation orientation nano that the present invention proposes is: just including the electrostatic spinning apparatus of (or negative) electrode spinning head, receiver, receiver comprises coagulating tank receiver, circulating device.The distance on spinning head and coagulating tank receiver surface is 8-30cm, and the rotating speed of receiving roll dies tube gatherer is 30r/min～2000r/min.Coagulation bath temperature is 0～25 ℃.Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/water, N-N dimethyl formamide/water, the NaHS/water of circulation, the composite solution or the pure water of dimethylacetylamide/water are adopted in coagulating bath, can effectively save cost and guarantee to receive the cleanliness factor of silk processes.Receiver coagulating bath liquid inventory is 0.7L/min～20L/min.The angulation on roller gatherer and coagulating tank receiver surface is θ
2=-10～30 the degree all can, the angle on water head tank and coagulating tank receiver surface is θ
1=0-60 degree, the vertical height on water head tank and coagulating tank receiver surface is H=0-5m (seeing accompanying drawing).The control of flow can obtain by the vertical height on water head tank and coagulating tank receiver surface and the angle on water head tank and coagulating tank receiver surface.
The ambient humidity that static spins use is 10%～70%, and temperature is 0～40 ℃.
Effect of the present invention: fiber volatilizees in air and enters coagulating bath behind a large amount of solvents, in coagulating bath, further remove partial solvent, under the guide functions of coagulating bath solution, eliminate the electrostatic interaction in the electrospinning silk, fiber alignment is flowed, reduce interfibrous adhesion and winding situation, pass through traction, the collection of follow-up roller again, obtain between monofilament adhesion few, twine less, unidirectional array is good, degree of orientation height, the long fiber bundle that the order structure is good and residual solvent is few, the fiber surface form is controlled.This method is simple to operate, good, the easy control of directional effect, and cost is low.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is apparatus of the present invention schematic diagrames.
Fig. 2 is the electromicroscopic photograph of embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 is the electromicroscopic photograph of embodiment 2.
Fig. 4 is the electromicroscopic photograph of embodiment 3.
Fig. 5 is the electromicroscopic photograph of embodiment 4.
Fig. 6 is the electromicroscopic photograph of embodiment 7.
Fig. 7 is the electromicroscopic photograph of embodiment 8.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, include spinning head 1.; Coagulating tank 2.; Circulating device (comprises pump 3, water head tank 5 and low tank 6) and roller gatherer 4., in the electrostatic spinning process, polymer spinning solution with configuration, spray by spinning head, form as-spun fibre by the reception of coagulating tank receiver, fiber falls within on the coagulating bath surface, is wound on the roller gatherer under the traction of the coagulating bath solution that flows and collects continuously.Used electrostatic spinning apparatus includes positive electrode spinning head and receiver, and wherein receiver comprises coagulating tank receiver and circulating device.It is 15KV～35KV that static spins suitable voltage, and the distance on spinning head and coagulating tank receiver surface is 8-30cm, and the rotating speed of receiving roll dies tube gatherer is 30r/min～2000r/min.Coagulation bath temperature is 0～25 ℃.The DMSo/H of circulation is adopted in coagulating bath
2O, DMF/H
2O, NaSCN/H
2O, DMAc/H
2Composite solution or pure water such as O can effectively be saved cost and guarantee to receive the cleanliness factor of silk processes, and it is the pump of 3m-10m that circulating device adopts lift, the stable backflow.Coagulating tank receiver liquid inventory is 0.7L/min～20L/min.The angulation on roller gatherer and coagulating tank receiver surface is θ
2=-10～30 the degree all can, the angle on head tank and coagulating tank receiver surface is θ
1=0-60 degree, the vertical height on water head tank and coagulating tank receiver surface is H=0-5m (seeing accompanying drawing).The ambient humidity that static spins use is 10%～70%, and temperature is 0～40 ℃.
This device is applicable to polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), pitch, polyamide, polyurethane, fibroin, shitosan, PLA, polyethylene arsenic pyrrolidone (PVP), Kynoar (PVDF) and poly-inclined to one side hydrogen viton copolymers [P (VDF-HFP)], polycaprolactone, the macromolecule (as nucleic acid, protein, cellulose and polysaccharide) of organism, polyesteramide, multiple single aggressiveness, copolymer, mixture fibers such as isomorphism oxalate, polysulfones, polyethylene.The concentration of solution is 8%～40%wt, polymer solution can comprise water, absolute ethyl alcohol, N with multiple solvent, dinethylformamide (DMF), DMSo, oxolane, sodium sulfocyanate (NaSCN), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), hexafluoro propyl alcohol, Hexafluoro acetone, trifluoroacetic acid and acetone (Act) etc.
Embodiment 1: device for spinning comprises spinning head, receiver and roller gatherer.Receiver comprises coagulating tank receiver and circulating device.Polymer solution is polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/N, N-2 dimethyl formamide (DMF), and concentration is 16%, spinning voltage is 15kv.Earlier in air, vapor away a large amount of solvents by spinning head ejection fiber, fall within the coagulating bath surface then and collect by the roller gatherer again.Spinning head adopts the spinning head with single hole, and the spinning head number is 1, and the aperture of spinning head is 1mm.Pure water is adopted in coagulating bath, and coagulation bath temperature is 25 ℃, and environment temperature is 25 ℃, relative humidity is 30%～40%, the roller rotating speed is 130r/min, and spinning head is 13cm apart from the distance on coagulating tank receiver surface, and receiver coagulating bath liquid inventory is 0.7L/min.The angulation on roller gatherer and coagulating tank receiver surface is θ
2=-10 degree, the angle on head tank and coagulating tank receiver surface is θ
1=0 degree, the vertical height on head tank and coagulating tank receiver surface is H=0m (seeing accompanying drawing).Spinning is more stable, and silk can be stablized not fracture of wire within a certain period of time, or the dropping liquid phenomenon is arranged, but can collect continuously.Fiber is observed by SEM, and fiber is arranged in parallel, cross-linked network point seldom, crosslinking points is made of sleave, the whole no cross-linked network point of tow.The average diameter that obtains fiber is 650nm.
Embodiment 2: the device and method step is with embodiment 1.Polymer solution is polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (DMSo), and concentration is 8%, and spinning voltage is 35kv.Earlier in air, vapor away a large amount of solvents by spinning head ejection fiber, fall within the coagulating bath surface then and collect by the roller gatherer again.Spinning head adopts the spinning head with 50 holes, and the spinning head number is 1, and the aperture of spinning head is 0.1mm.DMSo/H is adopted in coagulating bath
2O solution, coagulation bath temperature are 10 ℃, and environment temperature is 25 ℃, and relative humidity is 10%～20%, and roller gatherer rotating speed is 130r/min, and spinning head is 13cm apart from the distance of coagulating tank collector surface, and coagulating tank receiver liquid inventory is 5L/min.The angulation on roller gatherer and coagulating tank receiver surface is θ
2=10 degree, the angle on head tank and coagulating tank receiver surface is θ
1=30 degree, the vertical height on head tank and coagulating tank receiver surface is H=3m (seeing accompanying drawing).Spinning process is more stable, sometimes can fracture of wire during collection, electric discharge phenomena are arranged once in a while.Observe by SEM, fiber is arranged in parallel, cross-linked network point seldom, the average diameter that obtains fiber is 311nm.
Embodiment 3: the device and method step is with embodiment 1, and polymer solution is polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/N-N dimethyl formamide (DMF), and concentration is 40%, and spinning voltage is 25kv.Earlier in air, vapor away a large amount of solvents by spinning head ejection fiber, fall within the coagulating bath surface then and collect by the roller gatherer again.Spinning head adopts the spinning head with 100 holes, and the spinning head number is 1, and the aperture of spinning head is 3mm.NaSCN/H is adopted in coagulating bath
2O solution, coagulation bath temperature are 0 ℃, and environment temperature is 25 ℃, and relative humidity is 40%～50%, and the roller rotating speed is 500r/min, and spinning head is 8cm apart from the distance on coagulating bath surface, and receiver coagulating bath liquid inventory is 20L/min.The angulation on roller gatherer and coagulating tank receiver surface is θ
2=30 degree, the angle on head tank and coagulating tank receiver surface is θ
1=60 degree, the vertical height on head tank and coagulating tank receiver surface is H=5m (seeing accompanying drawing).Instability when spinning begins, discharge once in a while.Observe by SEM, fiber is arranged in parallel, cross-linked network point seldom, but sleave is arranged on the tow.The average diameter that obtains fiber is 629nm.
Embodiment 4: the device and method step is with embodiment 1, and polymer solution is shitosan/hexafluoro propyl alcohol, and concentration is 16%, and spinning voltage is 25kv.Earlier in air, vapor away a large amount of solvents by spinning head ejection fiber, fall within the coagulating bath surface then and collect by the roller gatherer again.Spinning head adopts the spinning head with 1 hole, and the spinning head number is 1, and the aperture of spinning head is 1mm.Pure water is adopted in coagulating bath, and coagulation bath temperature is 10 ℃, and environment temperature is 15 ℃, relative humidity is 40%～50%, the roller rotating speed is 1000r/min, and spinning head is 20cm apart from the distance on coagulating tank receiver surface, and coagulating tank receiver liquid inventory is 5L/min.The angulation on roller gatherer and coagulating tank receiver surface is θ
2=0 degree, the angle on head tank and coagulating tank receiver surface is θ
1=30 degree, the vertical height on head tank and coagulating tank receiver surface is H=5m (seeing accompanying drawing).The spinning less stable flies silk once in a while.Observe by SEM, fiber is arranged in parallel, cross-linked network point seldom, the average diameter that obtains fiber is 477nm.
Embodiment 5: the device and method step is with embodiment 1.Polymer solution is polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/N-N dimethyl formamide (DMF), and concentration is 16%, and spinning voltage is 25kv.Earlier in air, vapor away a large amount of solvents by spinning head ejection fiber, fall within the coagulating bath surface then and collect by the roller gatherer again.Spinning head adopts the spinning head with 1 hole, and the spinning head number is 2000, and the aperture of spinning head is 1mm.DMSo/H is adopted in coagulating bath
2O solution, coagulation bath temperature are 10 ℃, and environment temperature is 25 ℃, and relative humidity is 30%～40%, and the roller rotating speed is 2000r/min, and spinning head is 13cm apart from the distance on coagulating tank receiver surface, and coagulating tank receiver liquid inventory is 10L/min.The angulation on roller gatherer and coagulating tank receiver surface is θ
2=0 degree, the angle on head tank and coagulating tank receiver surface is θ
1=45 degree, the vertical height on head tank and coagulating tank receiver surface is H=3m (seeing accompanying drawing).Spinning process is more stable, sometimes can fracture of wire during collection.Observe by SEM, fiber is arranged in parallel, cross-linked network point seldom, the average diameter that obtains fiber is 411nm.
Embodiment 6: the device and method step is with embodiment 1.Polymer solution is polyamide 66 (nylon 66)/formic acid, and concentration is 20%, and spinning voltage is 25kv.Earlier in air, vapor away a large amount of solvents by spinning head ejection fiber, fall within the coagulating bath surface then and collect by the roller gatherer again.Spinning head adopts the spinning head with 50 holes, and the spinning head number is 50, and the aperture of spinning head is 1.5mm.Pure water is adopted in coagulating bath, and coagulation bath temperature is 10 ℃, and environment temperature is 25 ℃, relative humidity is 30%～40%, the roller rotating speed is 480r/min, and spinning head is 30cm apart from the distance on coagulating tank receiver surface, and coagulating tank receiver liquid inventory is 3L/min.The angulation on roller gatherer and coagulating tank receiver surface is θ
2=0 degree, the angle on head tank and coagulating tank receiver surface is θ
1=30 degree, the vertical height on head tank and coagulating tank receiver surface is H=5m (seeing accompanying drawing).Spinning process is very stable.Observe by SEM, fibre bundle is arranged in parallel, and sleave is arranged between the fibre bundle, obtains the average diameter 516nm of fiber.
Embodiment 7: the device and method step is with embodiment 1.Polymer solution is polyurethane/N-N dimethyl formamide (DMF), and concentration is 16%, and spinning voltage is 25kv.Earlier in air, vapor away a large amount of solvents by spinning head ejection fiber, fall within the coagulating bath surface then and collect by the roller gatherer again.Spinning head adopts the spinning head with 1 hole, and the spinning head number is 1000, and the aperture of spinning head is 1mm.Pure water is adopted in coagulating bath, and coagulation bath temperature is 10 ℃, and environment temperature is 25 ℃, and relative humidity is 30%～40%, and the roller rotating speed is 30r/min, and spinning head is 13cm apart from the distance on coagulating tank receiver surface, and coagulating tank receiver liquid inventory is 3L/min.The angulation on roller gatherer and coagulating tank receiver surface is θ
2=0 degree, the angle on head tank and coagulating tank receiver surface is θ
1=30 degree, the vertical height on head tank and coagulating tank receiver surface is H=3m (seeing accompanying drawing).Spinning is very stable, receives silk smoothly.Observe by SEM, fibre bundle is arranged in parallel, and does not have sleave between the fibre bundle substantially, obtains the average diameter 643nm of fiber.
Embodiment 8: the device and method step is with embodiment 1.Polymer solution is a polyvinyl alcohol/water, and concentration is 20%, and spinning voltage is 25kv.Earlier in air, vapor away a large amount of solvents by spinning head ejection fiber, fall within the coagulating bath surface then and collect by the roller gatherer again.Spinning head adopts the spinning head with 1 hole, and the spinning head number is 500, and the aperture of spinning head is 1.5mm.Acetone is adopted in coagulating bath, and coagulation bath temperature is 10 ℃, and environment temperature is 25 ℃, relative humidity is 30%～40%, the roller rotating speed is 120r/min, and spinning head is 13cm apart from the distance on coagulating tank receiver surface, and coagulating tank receiver liquid inventory is 7L/min.The angulation on roller gatherer and coagulating tank receiver surface is θ
2=30 degree, the angle on head tank and coagulating tank receiver surface is θ
1=30 degree, the vertical height on head tank and coagulating tank receiver surface is H=3m (seeing accompanying drawing).Spinning is very stable.Observe by SEM, fibre bundle is arranged in parallel, and does not have sleave between the fibre bundle substantially, obtains the average diameter 587nm of fiber.
Claims (7)
1. one kind prepares along the long stapled electrostatic spinning apparatus of fiber axis unidirectional array nanometer, comprise spinning head and roller gatherer, it is characterized in that: also be included in the coagulating tank that has earthing or grounding means that the spinning head below is provided with, described coagulating tank and pump form a circulating device by pipeline;
Water head tank and low tank perhaps are set respectively before and after coagulating tank; Described coagulating tank, water head tank and low tank and pump form a circulating device by pipeline.
2. according to the described device of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the distance on spinning head and receiver coagulating bath surface is 8-30cm, and the angulation on roller gatherer and coagulating tank receiver surface is-10～30 degree.
3. according to the described device of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the number of spinning head is 1～2000, and the spinneret orifice number of spinning head is 1～100, and the aperture of spinneret orifice is 0.1mm～3mm.
4. an application rights requires the method for 1 described preparation along the long stapled electrostatic spinning apparatus of fiber axis unidirectional array nanometer, it is characterized in that: configuration concentration is the polymer spinning solution of 8%wt～40%wt, the polymer spinning solution of configuration is sprayed fiber by spinning head, fiber enters coagulating tank behind the solvent flashing in air, in coagulating tank, further remove partial solvent, under the guide functions of coagulating bath solution, eliminate the electrostatic interaction in the electrospinning silk, fiber alignment is flowed, collect through the roller gatherer again.Coagulating bath solution is pure water, perhaps is the mixed solution of solvent and water; And temperature is 0～25 ℃, and the control flow is 0.7L/min～20L/min.
5. according to the described method of claim 4, it is characterized in that: the polymer in the described polymer spinning solution is polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl alcohol, pitch, polyamide, polyurethane, fibroin, shitosan, PLA, polyethylene arsenic pyrrolidone, Kynoar, poly-inclined to one side hydrogen viton copolymers, polycaprolactone, nucleic acid, protein, cellulose, polysaccharide, polyesteramide, isomorphism oxalate, polysulfones or poly single aggressiveness, copolymer or mixture fiber; Polymer spinning solution solvent is water, absolute ethyl alcohol, N, dinethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), oxolane, sodium sulfocyanate, N,N-dimethylacetamide, hexafluoro propyl alcohol, Hexafluoro acetone, trifluoroacetic acid or acetone.
6. according to the described method of claim 4, it is characterized in that: the rotating speed of roller gatherer is 30r/min～2000r/min..
7. according to the described method of claim 4, it is characterized in that: the voltage that electrostatic spinning apparatus is suitable for is 15KV～35KV; The ambient humidity that uses is 10%～70%, and temperature is 0～40 ℃.
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| CN111793900A (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2020-10-20 | 中国人民解放军陆军特色医学中心 | Chitosan/polycaprolactone composite nanofiber membrane material and application thereof |
| CN112376168A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-02-19 | 杭州高烯科技有限公司 | Continuous preparation method and system of non-woven fabric |
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