CN111289348A - Equipment for measuring Young modulus of metal - Google Patents

Equipment for measuring Young modulus of metal Download PDF

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CN111289348A
CN111289348A CN201811500529.4A CN201811500529A CN111289348A CN 111289348 A CN111289348 A CN 111289348A CN 201811500529 A CN201811500529 A CN 201811500529A CN 111289348 A CN111289348 A CN 111289348A
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optical lever
vertical
horizontal
clamp
photoelectric
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CN111289348B (en
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熊泽本
乞聪妮
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Jingchu University of Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02Details
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02Details
    • G01N3/06Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces

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Abstract

An apparatus for measuring Young's modulus of a metal comprises a wire force-bearing mechanism, an optical lever assembly and a photoelectric detection assembly; the metal wire stress mechanism comprises an iron support base, a first iron support vertical rod arranged on the iron support base, an iron support transverse rod, an upper end clamp, a metal wire, a horizontal objective table, a middle clamp, a lower end clamp, a weight hook connected with the lower end clamp and a weight, the optical lever assembly comprises an optical lever front foot, an optical lever rear foot, an optical lever horizontal rod and a plane mirror, the optical lever rear foot is arranged at the top of the middle clamp, and the optical lever front foot is arranged on the horizontal objective table; the photoelectric detection assembly comprises a focusing lens, an adjustable diaphragm, an LED monochromatic light source, a photoelectric detector and a photoelectric galvanometer, wherein the focusing lens, the adjustable diaphragm, the LED monochromatic light source, the photoelectric detector and the photoelectric galvanometer are arranged in front of the plane mirror. According to the invention, the measurement of the elongation of the metal wire under the action of an external force is converted into the measurement of the variation of the vertical position of the photoelectric detector, so that the equipment structure is simple, the adjustment difficulty is reduced, and the data measurement is more convenient.

Description

Equipment for measuring Young modulus of metal
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal Young modulus measurement, in particular to equipment for measuring the Young modulus of metal.
Background
In the laboratory, the measurement of the young's modulus of metals is a commonly established experimental project in the physical laboratory. The experimental principle is that the amplification effect of the optical lever is utilized, the image of the scaleplate in the plane mirror in the optical lever is observed through the telescope, the key of measurement is to find out the image of the scaleplate in the plane mirror, the scaleplate is fixed near the telescope, the distance between the telescope and the optical lever is generally more than 2 meters, the left and right positions and the upper and lower positions of the telescope are adjusted in the experimental process, the relation between the horizontal included angle and the vertical included angle between the optical axis of the telescope and the optical axis of the plane mirror is adjusted, a long time is occupied, a measurer is required to master the adjusting method skillfully, and the instrument can be adjusted. The experiment adjustment requirement is complex, the instrument adjustment difficulty is high, much time and energy are needed to be consumed for an operator, and the experiment teaching development is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of high experimental adjustment difficulty and complex instrument adjustment in the process of measuring the Young modulus of metal by an optical lever method, and provides a solution. The monochromatic light source, the photoelectric detector, the photoelectric galvanometer and other components are placed in front of the plane mirror, light rays emitted by the monochromatic light source are reflected by the plane mirror and then received by the photoelectric detector, and the light current value can be read on the photoelectric galvanometer. When a weight is added under the metal wire, the metal wire has a certain elongation∆LThe extension of the metal wire can cause the inclination degree of the mirror surface of the plane mirror on the optical lever, so that the included angle of the reflected light of the monochromatic light source projected on the plane mirror relative to the horizontal plane where the incident light is located is increased, the light spot of the reflected light at the position of the photoelectric detector can move upwards, and the reflected light is received by the photoelectric detector again by adjusting the vertical position of the photoelectric detector. Through the design, the measurement of the elongation of the metal wire under the action of an external force is converted into the measurement of the variation of the vertical position of the photoelectric detector, so that the Young modulus of the metal is measured, the experimental instrument has a simple structure, the instrument adjustment difficulty is reduced, and the data measurement is more convenient.
An apparatus for measuring Young's modulus of a metal comprises a wire force-bearing mechanism, an optical lever assembly and a photoelectric detection assembly;
the metal wire stress mechanism comprises an iron support base, a first iron support vertical rod arranged on the iron support base, an iron support transverse rod arranged on the upper portion of the first iron support vertical rod, an upper end clamp, a metal wire, a horizontal objective table, a middle clamp, a lower end clamp, a weight hook and a weight, wherein the weight hook and the weight are connected with the lower end clamp;
the optical lever assembly comprises an optical lever front foot, an optical lever rear foot, an optical lever horizontal rod and a plane mirror, wherein the optical lever horizontal rod is used for connecting the top end of the optical lever front foot with the top end of the optical lever rear foot, the plane mirror is fixed on the optical lever horizontal rod, the optical lever rear foot is arranged at the top of the middle clamp, and the optical lever front foot is arranged on the horizontal objective table;
the photoelectric detection assembly comprises a focusing lens, an adjustable diaphragm, an LED monochromatic light source, a photoelectric detector and a photoelectric galvanometer which are arranged in front of the plane mirror, the LED monochromatic light source is fixed on a third lifting frame through a clamp, the focusing lens and the adjustable diaphragm are sequentially arranged between the plane mirror and the LED monochromatic light source, the focusing lens is fixed on the first lifting frame through the clamp, the adjustable diaphragm is fixed on the second lifting frame through the clamp, the photoelectric detector is fixed on a three-dimensional adjusting bracket through the clamp, the three-dimensional adjusting bracket is provided with a three-dimensional adjusting bracket vertical adjusting nut, a three-dimensional adjusting bracket horizontal plane transverse adjusting screw and a three-dimensional adjusting bracket horizontal plane longitudinal adjusting screw, the three-dimensional adjusting bracket vertical adjusting nut is provided with a vertical lead screw, the vertical lead screw is connected with the three-dimensional adjusting bracket vertical adjusting nut through, the circumference of the outer surface of the three-dimensional adjusting bracket is evenly divided into 100 equal parts and provided with equally divided scale marks, and the design standard of the screw rod connection between the vertical screw rod and the vertical adjusting nut of the three-dimensional adjusting bracket is as follows: the vertical screw rod moves upwards by 1mm every time the vertical adjusting nut of the three-dimensional adjusting bracket rotates clockwise for one circle; the vertical screw rod moves downwards by 1mm every time the vertical adjusting nut of the three-dimensional adjusting bracket rotates anticlockwise for one circle; the horizontal and longitudinal movement of the vertical screw rod on the horizontal plane is realized by adjusting a horizontal plane horizontal adjusting screw of the three-dimensional adjusting bracket and a horizontal plane longitudinal adjusting screw of the three-dimensional adjusting bracket respectively; the photoelectric galvanometer is in communication connection with the photoelectric detector through a lead and displays the light intensity received by the photoelectric detector; wherein the LED monochromatic light source is arranged as follows: the incident light of the LED monochromatic light source passes through the adjustable diaphragm and the focusing lens and is emitted to the plane mirror to become reflected light which is irradiated on the photoelectric detector.
The focal length of the focusing lens is 9-10cm, and the diameter of the focusing lens is 7-8 cm; the linearity adjusting range of the adjustable diaphragm is 0-1 mm.
The front foot of the optical lever is of a herringbone structure.
The spectral response range of the photoelectric detector is 300-650 nm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the device, the measurement of the elongation of the metal wire under the action of an external force is converted into the measurement of the variation of the vertical position of the photoelectric detector, so that the Young modulus of the metal is measured by the device, the structure of the device is simple, the adjustment difficulty is reduced, and the data measurement is more convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-dimensional adjusting bracket.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
an apparatus for measuring Young's modulus of a metal comprises a wire force-bearing mechanism, an optical lever assembly and a photoelectric detection assembly;
the metal wire stress mechanism comprises an iron support base 11, a first iron support vertical rod 1 arranged on the iron support base 11, an iron support cross rod 2 arranged on the upper portion of the first iron support vertical rod 1, an upper end clamp 3 arranged on the iron support cross rod 2, a metal wire 30, a horizontal objective table 4, a middle clamp 6, a lower end clamp 8, a weight hook 10 connected with the lower end clamp 8 and a weight, wherein the horizontal objective table 4 is arranged on the first iron support vertical rod 1 in a lifting mode through an objective table locking clamping piece 7, a round hole 5 for the middle clamp 6 to penetrate through is formed in the horizontal objective table 4, the upper top surface of the middle clamp 6 is flush with the plane where the horizontal objective table 4 is located, and locking screws 9 are arranged on the upper end clamp 3, the middle clamp 6 and the lower end clamp 8 so as to lock or loosen a metal wire 24 penetrating through;
the optical lever assembly comprises an optical lever front foot 13, an optical lever rear foot 12, an optical lever horizontal rod 14 and a plane mirror 31, wherein the optical lever horizontal rod 14 is used for connecting the top end of the optical lever front foot 13 with the top end of the optical lever rear foot 12, the plane mirror 31 is fixed on the optical lever horizontal rod 14, the optical lever rear foot 12 is arranged at the top of the middle clamp 6, and the optical lever front foot 13 is arranged on the horizontal objective table 4;
the photoelectric detection assembly comprises a focusing lens 27, an adjustable diaphragm 25, an LED monochromatic light source 24, a photoelectric detector 26 and a photoelectric galvanometer 20 which are arranged in front of a plane mirror, the LED monochromatic light source 24 is fixed on a third lifting frame 23 through a clamp, the focusing lens 27 and the adjustable diaphragm 25 are sequentially arranged between the plane mirror 31 and the LED monochromatic light source 24, the focusing lens 27 is fixed on a first lifting frame 15 through a clamp, the adjustable diaphragm 25 is fixed on a second lifting frame 22 through a clamp, the photoelectric detector 26 is fixed on a three-dimensional adjusting bracket through a clamp, the three-dimensional adjusting bracket is provided with a three-dimensional adjusting bracket vertical adjusting nut 17, a three-dimensional adjusting bracket horizontal adjusting screw 18 and a three-dimensional adjusting bracket horizontal adjusting screw 19, the three-dimensional adjusting bracket vertical adjusting nut 17 is provided with a vertical screw rod 16, and the vertical screw rod 16 is connected with the three-dimensional, the vertical adjusting nut 17 of the three-dimensional adjusting bracket is cylindrical, the circumference of the outer surface of the vertical adjusting nut is evenly divided into 100 equal parts and provided with equally divided scale marks, and the design standard of screw rod connection between the vertical screw rod 16 and the vertical adjusting nut 17 of the three-dimensional adjusting bracket is as follows: the vertical screw rod 16 moves upwards by 1mm when the vertical adjusting nut 17 of the three-dimensional adjusting bracket rotates clockwise for one circle; the vertical screw rod 16 moves downwards by 1mm when the vertical adjusting nut 17 of the three-dimensional adjusting bracket rotates anticlockwise for one circle; the horizontal and longitudinal movement of the vertical screw rod 16 on the horizontal plane is realized by adjusting a horizontal plane horizontal adjusting screw 18 and a vertical plane adjusting screw 19 of the three-dimensional adjusting bracket respectively; the photoelectric galvanometer 20 is in communication connection with the photoelectric detector 26 through a lead and displays the light intensity received by the photoelectric detector 26; wherein the LED monochromatic light source 24 is arranged to: incident light 28 from the LED monochromatic light source 24 passes through the adjustable diaphragm 25 and the focusing lens 27 toward the flat mirror 31 and becomes reflected light 29 to be irradiated on the photodetector 26.
The focal length of the focusing lens 27 is 9-10cm, and the diameter is 7-8 cm; the linearity adjusting range of the adjustable diaphragm 25 is 0-1 mm.
The front leg 13 of the optical lever is of a herringbone structure.
The spectral response range of the photodetector 26 is 300-650 nm.
Basic parameters and configuration standards of instruments of each part of the experimental device are as follows:
three-dimensional adjusting support: the adjustment precision of the horizontal plane in two directions is not less than 0.1 mm; stroke control
Figure 532330DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
. The vertical direction adjustment precision is 0.01 mm, and the stroke
Figure 511787DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Photoelectric galvanometer: measurement range: 10-10~10-4Ampere; 3.5 digit number display; the measurement error is less than 0.5%; data retention is possible; the attenuation can be continuous.
According to the physical knowledge, the young's modulus of a material is defined as follows: original length isLCross sectional area ofSIn tensionFWith the effect of (1), there is an elongationLYoung's modulus of materialEIs defined as:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
(1)
according to the formula (1), when the hanging mass of the metal wire ismWeight of (2), tensionFEqual to the weight of the weight, and the weight,
the Young modulus of metal is measured by a stretching method according to the formula
Figure DEST_PATH_949368DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
In the above formula, g is the gravity acceleration of the measuring location,Lis the original length of the metal wire,Dthe distance between the plane mirror of the optical lever and the scale,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
is the circumferential ratio of the circular arc,dis the diameter of the metal wiredThe mass of the metal wire hanging down ismThe reading difference value of the measured scale in the front telescope and the rear telescope of the weight,his the vertical distance between the front and rear feet of the optical lever. The method for measuring Young's modulus of metal by stretching method is characterized by that it utilizes the proportional amplification method principle of telescope and optical lever to measure∆d
In the design of the invention, the LED monochromatic light source 24, the adjustable diaphragm 25 and the focusing lens 27 are arranged in front of the plane mirror 31, so that light rays emitted by the light source are adjusted by the adjustable diaphragm 25 and are changed into parallel light by the focusing action of the focusing lens 27, the parallel light is reflected by the plane mirror 31 arranged on the optical lever and then is received by the photoelectric detector 26, and the light intensity is displayed by the photoelectric galvanometer 20. When the weight is hung under the metal wire 30, the metal wire 30 has a certain elongationLThe extension of the metal wire 30 will make the cylindrical clip 6 clamped in the middle of the metal wire 30 sink, and the optical lever rear leg 12 is placed on the top surface of the cylindrical clip 6, therefore, the extension of the metal wire 30 will cause the optical lever rear leg 12 to sink, and the sinking of the optical lever rear leg 12 will cause the included angle of the mirror surface of the plane mirror 31 relative to the horizontal plane to change, at this moment, the incident light 28 of the plane mirror still remains unchanged, therefore, according to the principle of the proportional amplification method of the optical lever, the reflected light 29 of the plane mirror will generate the position variation in the vertical direction at the position of the photoelectric detector 26∆zBy adjusting the vertical adjusting nut 17 of the three-dimensional adjusting bracket, the reflected light 29 of the plane mirror 31 enters the photoelectric detector 26 newly, and the vertical adjusting nut 17 of the three-dimensional adjusting bracket is carefully adjusted to make the reading of the photoelectric galvanometer 20 equal to the reading before the weight is placed, so that the position variation of the photoelectric detector 26 in the front-back vertical direction of the weight is placed∆zCompared with the traditional stretching method for measuring the Young modulus of metal, the experiment has the advantages that the hanging mass of the metal wire ismThe reading difference value of the measured scales in the front telescope and the rear telescope of the weight∆dAre equal. And, in the experiment of measuring Young's modulus of metal by traditional stretching method∆dThe measurement accuracy of (a) is 1mm, whereas in the present invention,∆zthe measurement accuracy of (2) is 0.01 mm. Therefore, the method for measuring the Young modulus of the metal reduces the difficulty in adjusting instruments, improves the convenience degree of data measurement and improves the precision of data measurement.
The above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and applications made by the above embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. An apparatus for measuring Young's modulus of a metal, comprising a wire force-bearing mechanism, an optical lever assembly, and a photoelectric detection assembly;
the metal wire stress mechanism comprises an iron support base (11), a first iron support vertical rod (1) arranged on the iron support base (11), an iron support cross rod (2) arranged on the upper portion of the first iron support vertical rod (1), an upper end clamp (3) arranged on the iron support cross rod (2), a metal wire (30), a horizontal objective table (4), a middle clamp (6), a lower end clamp (8), and a weight hook (10) and a weight connected with the lower end clamp (8), wherein the horizontal objective table (4) is arranged on the first iron support vertical rod (1) in a lifting way through an objective table locking clamping piece (7), a round hole (5) for the middle clamp (6) to pass through is formed in the horizontal objective table (4), the upper top surface of the middle clamp (6) is flush with the plane where the horizontal objective table (4) is located, and locking screws (9) are arranged on the upper end clamp (3), the middle clamp (6) and the lower end clamp (8), to lock or unlock the passing wire (24);
the optical lever assembly comprises an optical lever front foot (13), an optical lever rear foot (12), an optical lever horizontal rod (14) and a plane mirror (31), wherein the top end of the optical lever front foot (13) is connected with the top end of the optical lever rear foot (12), the plane mirror (31) is fixed on the optical lever horizontal rod (14), the optical lever rear foot (12) is arranged at the top of the middle clamp (6), and the optical lever front foot (13) is arranged on the horizontal object stage (4);
the photoelectric detection assembly comprises a focusing lens (27) arranged in front of a plane mirror, an adjustable diaphragm (25), an LED monochromatic light source (24), a photoelectric detector (26) and a photoelectric galvanometer (20), the LED monochromatic light source (24) is fixed on a third lifting frame (23) through a clamp, the focusing lens (27) and the adjustable diaphragm (25) are sequentially arranged between the plane mirror (31) and the LED monochromatic light source (24), the focusing lens (27) is fixed on a first lifting frame (15) through a clamp, the adjustable diaphragm (25) is fixed on a second lifting frame (22) through a clamp, the photoelectric detector (26) is fixed on a three-dimensional adjusting support through a clamp, a three-dimensional adjusting support vertical adjusting nut (17), a three-dimensional adjusting support horizontal plane transverse adjusting screw (18) and a three-dimensional adjusting support horizontal plane longitudinal adjusting screw (19) are arranged on the three-dimensional adjusting support, the three-dimensional adjusting bracket is characterized in that a vertical screw rod (16) is arranged on a vertical adjusting nut (17) of the three-dimensional adjusting bracket, the vertical screw rod (16) is connected with the vertical adjusting nut (17) of the three-dimensional adjusting bracket through a screw rod, the vertical adjusting nut (17) of the three-dimensional adjusting bracket is cylindrical, the circumference of the outer surface of the vertical adjusting nut is evenly divided into 100 equal parts and is provided with equal dividing scale marks, and the design standard of screw rod connection between the vertical screw rod (16) and the vertical adjusting nut (17) of the three-dimensional: the vertical screw rod (16) moves up by 1mm when the vertical adjusting nut (17) of the three-dimensional adjusting bracket rotates clockwise for one circle; the vertical screw rod (16) moves downwards by 1mm every time the vertical adjusting nut (17) of the three-dimensional adjusting bracket rotates anticlockwise for a circle; the horizontal and longitudinal movement of the vertical screw rod (16) on the horizontal plane is realized by adjusting a horizontal plane horizontal adjusting screw (18) of the three-dimensional adjusting bracket and a horizontal plane longitudinal adjusting screw (19) of the three-dimensional adjusting bracket respectively; the photoelectric galvanometer (20) is in communication connection with the photoelectric detector (26) through a lead and displays the light intensity received by the photoelectric detector (26); wherein the LED monochromatic light source (24) is arranged to: incident light (28) of the LED monochromatic light source (24) passes through the adjustable diaphragm (25) and the focusing lens (27) and is emitted to the plane mirror (31) to become reflected light (29) which is irradiated on the photoelectric detector (26).
2. An apparatus for measuring young's modulus of metal according to claim 1, characterized in that said focusing lens (27) has a focal length of 9-10cm and a diameter of 7-8 cm; the linearity adjusting range of the adjustable diaphragm (25) is 0-1 mm.
3. An apparatus for measuring young's modulus of metal according to claim 1, characterized in that the optical lever forefoot (13) is a herringbone structure.
4. An apparatus for measuring young's modulus of metal according to claim 1, wherein the spectral response range of said photodetector (26) is 300-650 nm.
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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5199304A (en) * 1992-02-20 1993-04-06 Duffers Scientific, Inc. Apparatus for optically measuring specimen deformation during material testing
CN102221502A (en) * 2011-05-31 2011-10-19 哈尔滨工业大学 Multi-beam laser heterodyne second harmonic Young modulus measurement method
CN103940676A (en) * 2014-05-15 2014-07-23 黑龙江大学 Device and method for measuring Young modulus by linear frequency modulation double-beam laser heterodyne
CN209400310U (en) * 2018-12-10 2019-09-17 荆楚理工学院 A kind of equipment for measuring metal Young's modulus

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5199304A (en) * 1992-02-20 1993-04-06 Duffers Scientific, Inc. Apparatus for optically measuring specimen deformation during material testing
CN102221502A (en) * 2011-05-31 2011-10-19 哈尔滨工业大学 Multi-beam laser heterodyne second harmonic Young modulus measurement method
CN103940676A (en) * 2014-05-15 2014-07-23 黑龙江大学 Device and method for measuring Young modulus by linear frequency modulation double-beam laser heterodyne
CN209400310U (en) * 2018-12-10 2019-09-17 荆楚理工学院 A kind of equipment for measuring metal Young's modulus

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
王东升;魏英耐;宁皓;李云涛;张建民;唐伟跃;: "金属丝杨氏模量的测量方法", 金属制品, no. 03, 25 June 2010 (2010-06-25) *

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