CN111289319A - Long-film sediment culture device and culture method - Google Patents
Long-film sediment culture device and culture method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for culturing long-film sediment, which comprises: the device comprises a sampling assembly for accommodating silt to be cultured and a culture pond for culturing the silt to be cultured into long-film silt; wherein, be connected with respectively on the lateral wall of culture pond and be used for injecting the water injection pipeline of experiment water sample with be used for discharging the drainage pipe of experiment water sample, just water injection pipeline with all be provided with the diaphragm valve of control flow rate on the drainage pipe. And also provides a method for culturing the sediment by adopting the long-film sediment culture device. The long-film sediment culture device can realize non-interference sampling of experimental sediment, and greatly improves the culture environment of experimental sediment. The culture method can reflect the change condition of the structural characteristics of the water body sediment after the growth of the biofilm in situ, objectively and accurately, and provides realization possibility for further research on the sediment of the water body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, in particular to a long-film sediment culture device and a culture method.
Background
Traditional silt research is faced with clean silt, which is mainly produced by rock weathering, and whose surface, particle and population properties are based on rock particles. Microorganisms are the smallest, largest and most widely distributed living organisms in nature, and exist in an attached state rather than a free state in most growing environments, and secrete Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) called biofilms to adhere to the surface of a solid substrate through metabolic activities. According to observation, in a natural water environment, most of the surfaces of mineral particles are covered with an organic shell consisting of humic acid substances and a biological film, and microorganisms secrete the biological film through metabolic activities and the like to act on silt particles and wrap the surfaces of the silt particles, so that the silt particles are called 'long-film silt'. Compared with the common silt particles in the traditional research, the physical and chemical properties of the long-film silt are greatly changed, and the movement rule and the environmental effect of the long-film silt are further influenced.
At present, the research on the sediment of the long film is mostly field experiments, and required data is obtained through field sampling, inspection and analysis and the like so as to carry out further research. From the experimental object, the research mostly takes the silt near the coastline or the estuary as the main part, and the research that the silt is influenced by the biological membrane in the fresh water environment is less; from the type of experiment, the current observation is mainly sampling analysis in the field, and the long-sequence grouping observation of particles under the influence of biological membranes is less; from the aspect of experimental design, few experiments have studied the characteristics of the base material for biofilm growth (e.g., silt of different particle sizes) as one of the consideration conditions. The properties of samples collected in the field are greatly influenced by various uncertain factors, such as time, space, human activity interference, large animal activity, wind, wave and the like, and because various influencing factors cannot be effectively managed and controlled, although the conditions of the field and the local can be known at the present time to obtain qualitative conclusions, systematic research for controlling various factors with prominent emphasis cannot be carried out. In summary, collecting the long-film sediment sample in the natural waters often causes a large error, and it is difficult to obtain the long-film sediment sample and perform corresponding sampling analysis on the sample in time without changing or interfering with their original structural characteristics, and it is difficult to observe the whole process of the biofilm growing on the sediment under natural conditions. Therefore, the growth and formation processes of the silt with the long film need to be cultured in a laboratory by adopting certain culture equipment through a method for controlling various external environments.
In the existing long-film sediment cultivation equipment, a water tank 7 for placing experimental sediment and an experimental water sample is usually integrated, and a water outlet 7-1 for discharging the experimental water sample is arranged on the side wall of the water tank 7, as shown in fig. 1. When an experimental water sample is added, the experimental water sample is directly poured from the top of the open water tank 7, and the experimental sediment in the culture equipment is inevitably disturbed; in addition, when a part of sediment samples are dug, other residual experimental sediment in the culture equipment can be interfered.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a long-film sediment culture device and application thereof.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a device for culturing a long-film sediment, comprising:
the sampling assembly is used for accommodating silt to be cultured;
the culture pond is used for accommodating the sampling assembly and the experimental water sample, so that the sediment to be cultured is cultured into the long-film sediment in the experimental water sample;
wherein, be connected with respectively on the lateral wall of culture pond and be used for injecting the water injection pipeline of experiment water sample with be used for discharging the drainage pipe of experiment water sample, just water injection pipeline with all be provided with the diaphragm valve of control flow rate on the drainage pipe.
Further, the water injection pipeline is connected with a water injection groove used for injecting the experiment water sample into the culture pond.
Furthermore, the sampling assembly comprises at least two groups of sampler units, and the at least two groups of sampler units are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the culture tank.
Further, each group of sampler units comprises at least two samplers, and the at least two samplers are arranged in parallel at intervals.
Further, each set of said sampler units comprises one sampler.
Further, the center of sampler is provided with the recess that is used for the holding wait to cultivate silt.
Further, the bottom wall of the sampler and the bottom wall of the groove are both configured to be a planar structure, and the top opening of the groove is flush with the top wall of the sampler.
Further, the sampler and the culture tank are both made of transparent organic glass.
A method for culturing silt by adopting the long-film silt culturing device comprises the following steps:
putting silt to be cultured into the sampling assembly;
arranging the sampling assemblies at the bottom of the culture pond at intervals;
injecting an experimental water sample into the culture pond to culture the sediment to be cultured into the long-film sediment in the experimental water sample;
through water injection pipeline and drainage pipe are regularly right the experiment water sample is changed to improve the activity of water nutrition and microorganism in the experiment water sample.
Furthermore, the depth of the experimental water sample in the culture pond is more than 3 times of the thickness of the sampler.
The device for culturing the long-film silt adopts the split type sampler and culture tank, experimental silt is placed in the sampler, the sampler is placed in the culture tank, and then the experimental water sample is injected, so that the experimental silt is cultured under the liquid level of the experimental water sample to obtain the long-film silt. In the sample process after experiment silt is cultivateed, through taking out independent sampler from cultivateing the pond, sample long membrane silt, avoided waiting to continue to cultivate the interference of experiment silt to other among the current cultivation equipment, the sampler of interval arrangement can provide the long membrane silt sample of different growth time points or different physicochemical properties simultaneously.
Through the water injection pipeline and the drainage pipeline of the injection and discharge experiment water sample that set up on cultivateing the pond to and the diaphragm valve of the steerable fluid velocity of flow of installation on the pipeline, can make the experiment water sample more gentle when changing water, fundamentally has reduced the disturbance that the water flow was tested silt in the sampler when changing water, and the overall process of silt long membrane under natural condition has been reduced to the at utmost.
The long-film sediment culture device can realize non-interference sampling of experimental sediment, and greatly improves the culture environment of experimental sediment. The important thing is that the culture device of the invention can simulate each influence factor of the silt particle in the natural film growing process in the laboratory environment, and reduce the natural film growing process to the maximum extent, thereby achieving the environmental control and process observation of the silt particle film growing process and fundamentally realizing the effective management and control of each influence factor.
Meanwhile, the method for culturing the sediment by using the culture device for the sediment of the long-film sediment can reflect the change condition of the structural characteristics of the sediment of the water body after the growth of the biological film in situ, objectively and accurately, and provides realization possibility for further research on the sediment of the long-film sediment.
Drawings
The invention will be described in more detail hereinafter on the basis of embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional long-film sediment culture device;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a culture tank and a sampling assembly according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a sampler according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of a culture tank according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of fig. 6.
In the figure: 1 culture pond, 2 sampler, 2-1 groove, 3 water injection tank, 4 water injection pipeline, 5 drainage pipeline, 6 diaphragm valve, 7 water tank, 7-1 water outlet.
In the drawings, like parts are designated with like reference numerals, and the drawings are not to scale.
Detailed Description
To clearly illustrate the idea of the present invention, the present invention is described below with reference to examples.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The invention provides a device for culturing silt with a long film, which comprises:
the sampling assembly is used for accommodating silt to be cultured;
the culture pond is used for accommodating the sampling assembly and the experimental water sample, so that the sediment to be cultured is cultured into long-film sediment in the experimental water sample;
more than two sampling assemblies are arranged in the culture pond at intervals;
wherein, be connected with the water injection pipeline that is used for pouring into the experiment water sample and the drainage pipe that is used for discharging the experiment water sample on the lateral wall of culture pond respectively, and all be provided with the diaphragm valve of control experiment water sample velocity of flow on water injection pipeline and drainage pipe.
According to the invention, experimental sediment is firstly placed in the sampling assembly, the sampling assembly loaded with the experimental sediment is placed at the bottom of the culture pond, and then the experimental water sample is injected into the culture pond, so that the experimental sediment is subjected to long-film culture in the culture environment of the experimental water sample. Each sampling assembly comprises a plurality of parallel spaced samplers in a group, or each sampling assembly is a single sampler; the sampler has the functions of containing silt particles and sampling after the silt is cultured and converted into long-film silt, the number of the samplers can be multiple or multiple, and each group or each group forms an independent sampling assembly; the experiment water sample is injected into the culture pond, and a relatively static culture environment which can control experiment factors is provided for experiment sediment.
By adopting the interval arrangement of the samplers in the culture pond, one or a group of samplers for culturing different time periods can be independently sampled, so that the interference to other experimental silt to be continuously cultured is avoided during sampling; the sampler that the interval set up simultaneously can realize the effective management to the different culture periods of experiment silt of different physicochemical properties, can provide the long membrane silt sample of different growth time points.
The side walls of the culture pond in the width direction are respectively connected with a water injection pipeline and a water drainage pipeline, and diaphragm valves for controlling the flow rate of the experimental water sample are arranged on the water injection pipeline and the water drainage pipeline, so that the arrangement mode firstly ensures that the experimental water sample in the culture pond is injected slowly and discharged smoothly through the pipelines, and the relatively static water environment in the culture pond is effectively maintained; in addition, the diaphragm valve capable of controlling the flow rate of the fluid reduces the disturbance of the flow of the experimental water sample to the sediment in the sampler in the process of changing water to the maximum extent, further ensures the stable environment of the experimental water sample in the culture pond, and reduces the long-film process of the sediment particles in the nature to the maximum extent.
The sampler is laid along the length direction interval of cultivateing the pond, is corresponding at the lateral wall of cultivateing pond width direction with water injection pipeline and drainage pipe setting, can guarantee under this kind of setting up mode that the sampler receives the fluid impact minimum under the following current condition when changing water to guarantee the quiet steady state of experiment silt in the sampler.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in the form of specific examples.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 2-7, the long-film sediment culture apparatus in this embodiment includes 9 sampling assemblies, each sampling assembly includes a plurality of samplers 2 arranged in parallel at intervals, experimental sediment is contained in each sampler 2, the 9 sampling assemblies are arranged in the culture pond 1 into which an experimental water sample is injected, and are arranged on the bottom wall of the culture pond 1 at appropriate intervals, and the samplers 2 of different groups can be arranged in sequence according to the culture time. The sampler 2 is arranged below the liquid level of the experimental water sample in the culture pond 1, so that the experimental sediment is subjected to long-film culture in the experimental water sample, and in the specific culture process, the nutrient content in the experimental water sample can be adjusted and controlled according to the specific actual demand.
On the side wall of the culture pond 1 in the width direction, a water injection pipeline 4 for injecting an experimental water sample and a drainage pipeline 5 for discharging the experimental water sample are respectively connected. The setting of water injection pipeline 4 has changed in the current culture equipment to the interior watered mode of household utensils, makes experiment silt keep the steady state constantly in the experiment water sample, has avoided current directly flowing backward to the top, to the dynamic impact that experiment silt caused. And the culture pond 1 is drained through the drainage pipeline 5, so that the experimental water sample can be more smoothly discharged. In the culture process of concrete reality, need regular discontinuous change the experiment water sample in culture pond 1, guarantee the long membrane culture of experiment silt in fresh water, importantly, can improve the nutrition of experiment water sample and the activity of microorganism in the experiment water sample through the change of experiment water sample. When water is changed, the water injection pipeline 4 and the water drainage pipeline 5 need to be combined to operate, part of the experimental water sample is discharged firstly, the liquid level of the experimental water sample in the culture pond 1 is reduced, and the immersion state of the sampler 2 still needs to be maintained; then injecting part of fresh water sample to replace the water in the culture pond 1. Above-mentioned process can make the change of liquid level obtain effective buffering in the culture pond 1, and the experiment silt in the sampler 2 can not receive fluidic impact, keeps the pristine condition of silt particle in the at utmost. Meanwhile, the replaced fresh experimental water samples are all derived from natural water under natural conditions, and the membrane growing process of the sediment particles in the natural environment is fundamentally simulated.
The injection of experiment water sample is accomplished through the water injection groove 3 that sets up 4 upper reaches in the water injection pipeline in this embodiment, and is concrete, and the initiating terminal of water injection pipeline 4 is connected with water injection groove 3, and the terminal is connected with culture pond 1. In order to make the water sample in the water injection tank 3 freely flow by gravity and reduce additional fluid pressurization equipment, the water injection tank 3 is arranged above the culture pond 1 when the equipment is arranged; simultaneously for making the drainage more smooth and easy, drainage pipe 5 installs on the diapire of culture pond 1, has made things convenient for the complete evacuation to the experiment water sample when wasing culture pond 1 on the one hand, and on the other hand has avoided storing up of experiment water sample in the culture pond, has reduced to the influence that causes when follow-up holding need not experiment water sample to same experimental facilities.
In order to further avoid the turbulent flow caused by the water flow in the culture tank 1 during water changing, diaphragm valves 6 for controlling the flow rate of the experimental water sample are arranged on the water injection pipeline 4 and the water discharge pipeline 5. Through the aperture size of control diaphragm valve 6, make the injection and the discharge of experiment water sample more alleviate, experiment silt can not take place the disturbance because of the inside water impact of culture pond 1.
The sampler 2 in this embodiment is provided with a groove 2-1 for accommodating silt to be cultured, and the groove 2-1 is arranged in the center of the sampler 2. Experiment silt is placed in the groove 2-1, so that the experiment silt is protected, and particularly, the suspension drifting of silt particles in an experiment water sample is prevented. Meanwhile, in order to effectively fill experimental silt by the sampler 2, the bottom walls of the grooves 2-1 are all constructed into a plane structure, so that silt particles are layered and distributed in the grooves 2-1, and the natural film growing process of the silt is reduced to the maximum extent. The sampler 2 and the groove 2-1 of the flat-bottom structure are simple in structure, the processing difficulty of devices is reduced, and meanwhile, the sampler 2 of the flat-bottom structure can be completely attached to the bottom of the culture pond 1, so that the sampler 2 is more stable to be placed at the bottom of the culture pond, and the sampler 2 is prevented from shifting to enable experimental silt to escape. The purpose of recess 2-1 setting at the 2 centers in sampler makes silt more even that distribute in the sampler, prevents to distribute unevenly the overweight that causes, brings the influence for the operation when taking a sample.
In the actual culture process, in order to reduce the interference of the experimental water sample on the experimental sediment in the groove 2-1, certain requirements are provided for the depth of the groove 2-1. Specifically, the depth of the groove 2-1 should be no less than 3/4 of the height of the sampler 2, and the accommodating thickness of the sediment to be cultured in the sampler 2, i.e. the thickness of the laminated layer in the groove 2-1, should not exceed 1/2 of the depth of the groove 2-1. Under this kind of condition, can guarantee the quiet steady state of silt particle in sampler 2 as far as possible, prevent that it from receiving external environment especially water level change or invasion when the fluid flows.
The shape of the sampler 2 in the embodiment is square, the groove 2-1 is a cylindrical structure arranged at the center of the sampler 2, and a side wall with a certain thickness of the sampler 2 is formed between the annular wall of the groove 2-1 and the outer wall of the sampler 2. Simultaneously in order to make the packing of experiment silt in sampler 2 convenient and fast more with the sample, set up the open-top of recess 2-1 and the roof of sampler 2 into the form that flushes, reduced the delay of experiment silt in sampler 2, also can be more thorough to the washing of sampler 2.
In order to observe the long membrane cultivation process of experiment silt more directly perceived, also provide sufficient illumination for the cultivation of silt granule simultaneously, this embodiment sampler 2 and culture tank 1 are made by transparent organic glass. Organic glass light transmissivity is good, and light can freely see through, does benefit to the going on of cultivateing the experiment, also makes things convenient for the change state to the long membrane process of silt particle to carry out direct observation.
The sampling assemblies in this embodiment are arranged in multiple groups, and the multiple samplers in each group of sampling assemblies are specifically in a centralized arrangement form and in a parallel and spaced arrangement relationship. 9 group's samplers 2 are laid according to the cultivation time point interval of difference along the length direction of culture tank 1, and this kind of mode of laying has made things convenient for the management to different groups of experimental silt, can realize the technical purpose to silt particle parallel culture. What need explain has, in concentrating every group sampler 2 of arranging, should keep certain clearance between the sampler 2 to the direct clamp of sampler 2 is got to the convenience when the sample, avoids the secondary movement to sampler 2, further reduces the influence to silt particle in the sampler 2.
In order to ensure the stability of the sampler 2 placed in the culture tank 1, the technical requirements that the bottom wall of the sampler 2 and the bottom wall of the culture tank 1 are both planar structures need to be satisfied. Two horizontal planes of laminating each other can make sampler 2 more stable of sitting in cultivateing pond 1, prevent that sampler 2 from appearing the incline, lead to the condition emergence of experiment silt effusion.
Example 2
The basic structure of the culture apparatus for the long-film sediment in this embodiment is identical to that in embodiment 1, except that each sampling assembly in this embodiment is a single sampler, 9 sampling assemblies correspond to 9 samplers, and the 9 samplers are arranged at equal intervals along the length direction of the culture tank.
The long-film sediment culture device has the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing cost and easily obtained materials, and is beneficial to use in a laboratory; the water injection tank can be used for adjusting and adding experimental water samples, and water sample requirements of different experimental environments are met; in actual use, the number of the samplers can be set according to experimental requirements, and a single sampler or a single group of samplers can be directly taken for each sampling without causing interference on the long-film sediment samples in the rest samplers; the growth membrane silt can be cultured according to the set growth conditions, the uncontrollable performance of factors such as time, space, human activity interference, large animal activity, wind, wave and the like under natural conditions can be avoided, and various influencing factors are effectively managed and controlled.
The invention also provides a method for culturing silt by adopting the long-film silt culturing device, which comprises the following steps:
putting silt to be cultured into the sampling assembly;
arranging the sampling assemblies at the bottom of the culture pond at intervals;
injecting an experimental water sample into the culture pond to culture the sediment to be cultured into the long-film sediment in the experimental water sample;
through water injection pipeline and drainage pipe are regularly right the experiment water sample is changed to improve the activity of water nutrition and microorganism in the experiment water sample.
The specific implementation steps are as follows:
when the device is used, silt particles to be cultured are put into the sampler, the sampler is placed in the culture tank at a proper interval, the diaphragm valve on the water injection pipeline is closed, the diaphragm valve on the water injection pipeline is opened to a proper opening degree, and a proper amount of experimental water sample is injected into the culture tank through the water injection tank; when an experiment water sample needs to be replaced, firstly opening a diaphragm valve on a drainage pipeline of the culture tank to a proper opening degree, draining part of the experiment water sample, closing the diaphragm valve on the drainage pipeline, opening the diaphragm valve on a water injection pipeline to a proper opening degree, and injecting a proper amount of fresh experiment water sample through a water injection tank; when long membrane silt needs to be sampled, auxiliary equipment such as big tweezers are adopted to clamp the edges of the sampler and take out the sampler one by one, and the interference on the long membrane silt sample in the sampler and the residual sampler can not be caused.
It is important to point out that the long-film sediment culture device can realize non-interference sampling of experimental sediment, greatly improve the culture environment of experimental sediment and achieve effective management and control of various influencing factors.
Meanwhile, the method for culturing the sediment by using the culture device for the sediment of the long-film sediment can reflect the change condition of the structural characteristics of the sediment of the water body after the growth of the biological film in situ, objectively and accurately, and provides realization possibility for further research on the sediment of the long-film sediment.
It should be noted that the shape of the sampler and the groove for accommodating experimental sediment in the invention are of structures with square outside and round inside, and can also be of other shapes, such as square outside and square inside, square inside and square outside, or polygonal, etc., and the technical requirements of the groove being arranged in the center of the sampler, the depth of the groove and the height of the sampler need to be met; the valve can be selected from a diaphragm valve, a manual ball valve and the like.
Finally, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments taken to illustrate the principles of the present invention, which is not intended to be limiting. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these changes and modifications are to be considered as within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a long membrane silt culture apparatus which characterized in that includes:
the sampling assembly is used for accommodating silt to be cultured;
the culture pond is used for accommodating the sampling assembly and the experimental water sample, so that the sediment to be cultured is cultured into the long-film sediment in the experimental water sample;
wherein, be connected with respectively on the lateral wall of culture pond and be used for injecting the water injection pipeline of experiment water sample with be used for discharging the drainage pipe of experiment water sample, just water injection pipeline with all be provided with the diaphragm valve of control flow rate on the drainage pipe.
2. The apparatus for culturing the silts of the long membrane according to claim 1, wherein the water injection pipeline is connected with a water injection tank for injecting the experimental water sample into the culture pond.
3. The apparatus for culturing the long-film sediment according to claim 1, wherein the sampling assembly comprises at least two groups of sampler units, and the at least two groups of sampler units are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the culture tank.
4. The apparatus for culturing long film sediment according to claim 3, wherein each group of the sampler units comprises at least two samplers, and at least two of the samplers are arranged in parallel and spaced apart.
5. The apparatus for culturing long film sediment according to claim 3, wherein each group of the sampler units comprises one sampler.
6. A device for culturing silt in a long film according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the sampler is provided with a groove at the center thereof for accommodating the silt to be cultured.
7. The apparatus for culturing long film sediment according to claim 6, wherein the bottom wall of the sampler and the bottom wall of the groove are each configured as a planar structure, and the top opening of the groove is flush with the top wall of the sampler.
8. The apparatus for culturing silt with a long film according to claim 1, wherein the sampler and the culture tank are made of transparent organic glass.
9. A method for cultivating sediment by using the long-film sediment cultivation device of any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the following steps:
putting silt to be cultured into the sampling assembly;
arranging the sampling assemblies at the bottom of the culture pond at intervals;
injecting an experimental water sample into the culture pond to culture the sediment to be cultured into the long-film sediment in the experimental water sample;
the experimental water sample is periodically replaced through the water injection pipeline and the drainage pipeline so as to maintain the water body nutrition degree and the activity of microorganisms in the experimental water sample.
10. The culture method according to claim 9, wherein the depth of the experimental water sample in the culture pond is 3 times or more the thickness of the sampler.
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| CN102706841A (en) * | 2012-05-07 | 2012-10-03 | 清华大学 | Indoor cultivation and observation method for bio-flocculation sediment |
| CN105255712A (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2016-01-20 | 国家海洋局第一海洋研究所 | High-throughput microorganism in-situ culture device |
| CN107240346A (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2017-10-10 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | The experiment simulator and method of a kind of quantitative study karst collapse |
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