CN111288841B - 导气式自动机多功能气动装置 - Google Patents

导气式自动机多功能气动装置 Download PDF

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CN111288841B
CN111288841B CN201911409378.6A CN201911409378A CN111288841B CN 111288841 B CN111288841 B CN 111288841B CN 201911409378 A CN201911409378 A CN 201911409378A CN 111288841 B CN111288841 B CN 111288841B
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罗定
郭书奇
梁海彬
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41AFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/64Mounting of breech-blocks; Accessories for breech-blocks or breech-block mountings
    • F41A3/70Anti-rebound arrangements, i.e. preventing rebound of the bolt out of the firing position
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F15B13/021Valves for interconnecting the fluid chambers of an actuator
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/1423Component parts; Constructional details
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/149Fluid interconnections, e.g. fluid connectors, passages
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/20Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices
    • F15B15/202Externally-operated valves mounted in or on the actuator
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/20Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices
    • F15B15/22Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices for accelerating or decelerating the stroke
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/20Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices
    • F15B15/26Locking mechanisms
    • F15B15/261Locking mechanisms using positive interengagement, e.g. balls and grooves, for locking in the end positions
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41AFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/12Bolt action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being parallel to the barrel axis
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41AFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/64Mounting of breech-blocks; Accessories for breech-blocks or breech-block mountings

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种导气式自动机多功能气动装置,包括气缸、限位销、气阀、活塞;所述气阀、活塞均设置在气缸内;所述气阀位于气缸的底部与活塞之间,用于将活塞与气缸底部分隔成两个腔室;所述限位销从径向贯穿气缸和气阀,用于对气阀的轴向运动进行限位;所述气缸底部设有导气孔,用于将气缸内部气室与作用对象上的导气孔相连通;当高压气体进入气缸底部,推动气阀向活塞侧运动,所述气阀打开气路,用于将气阀与活塞之间的腔室与导气孔连通;当作用对象气压下降,气阀在气缸内气体作用下向气缸底部方向运动,关闭气路;当活塞反向运动推动气阀时,气阀打开气路,用于将气阀与活塞之间的腔室与导气孔连通;本发明具有缓冲和减小反跳的功能。

Description

导气式自动机多功能气动装置
技术领域
本发明属于武器导气式自动机领域,特别是一种导气式自动机多功能气动装置。
背景技术
导气式自动机是一种承受高温、高压和高速碰撞的机械,为了达到高射速,就需要提高闩体等击发机构的运动速度,而为了承受射击过程中的膛压,就要求闩体等零部件要有足够的强度和刚度。射击过程中这些大刚度零部件高速碰撞,就会产生较大位移的反跳,而这种较大位移的反跳对大部分导气式自动机闭锁可靠性来说是有害的,需要得到有效抑制。
现有的自动机气动活塞驱动与减反跳技术往往是分开的,气动活塞用于利用火药气体能量驱动自动机完成射击循环动作,而通过另外等特殊的机构来实现击发机构复进击发过程中的缓冲和减少反跳距离,这些机构较为复杂,寿命短,且需要较大的安装空间,不利于导气式自动机的小型化和轻量化设计。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种导气式自动机多功能气动装置,在保持常规导气式自动机气动活塞功能的同时增加了缓冲和减小反跳的功能。
实现本发明目的的技术解决方案为:
一种导气式自动机多功能气动装置,包括气缸、限位销、气阀、活塞;所述气阀、活塞均设置在气缸内;所述气阀位于气缸的底部与活塞之间,用于将活塞与气缸底部分隔成两个腔室;所述限位销从径向贯穿气缸和气阀,用于对气阀的轴向运动进行限位;所述气缸底部设有导气孔,用于将气缸内部气室与作用对象上的导气孔相连通;当高压气体进入气缸底部,推动气阀向活塞侧运动,所述气阀打开气路,用于将气阀与活塞之间的腔室与导气孔连通;当作用对象气压下降,气阀在气缸内气体作用下向气缸底部方向运动,关闭气路;当活塞反向运动推动气阀时,气阀打开气路,用于将气阀与活塞之间的腔室与导气孔连通。
本发明与现有技术相比,其显著优点是:
本发明的导气式自动机多功能气动装置,在保持常规导气式自动机气动活塞功能的同时增加了缓冲和减小反跳的功能,并在一定程度上降低了结构的抖震;可用于枪、炮等导气式自动机复进击发过程中击发机构,有利于提高射击精度。
附图说明
图1为本发明总体结构示意图。
图2为本发明与身管连接示意图。
图3为气阀结构示意图。
图4为阀体结构示意图。
图5为阀体结构半剖图。
图6为压盖结构示意图。
图7为压盖半剖示意图。
图8为阀芯结构示意图。
图9为本发明在膛内高压火药气体进入多功能气动装置推动活塞做功示意图。
图10为本发明在膛内火药气体压力下降后活塞处于推出状态示意图。
图11为本发明活塞在击发机构撞击下活塞反向运动放气示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及具体实施例对本发明做进一步的介绍。
本发明的一种导气式自动机多功能气动装置,包括气缸1、限位销2、气阀3、活塞4;所述气阀3、活塞4均设置在气缸1内;所述气阀3位于气缸的底部与活塞4之间,用于将活塞4与气缸1底部分隔成两个腔室;所述限位销2从径向贯穿气缸1和气阀,用于对气阀的轴向运动进行限位;所述气缸1底部设有导气孔1-1,用于将气缸1内部气室与身管5上的导气孔5-1相连通;当身管5内高压气体进入气缸1底部,推动气阀3向活塞4侧运动,所述气阀3打开气路,将气阀3与活塞4之间的腔室与导气孔1-1连通,高压气体推动推动活塞4做伸出运动;当弹丸出炮口后,身管5膛内火药气体压力急速下降,气阀3在气缸1内气体作用下向气缸1底部方向运动,关闭气路,可对反方向运动的活塞4起缓冲作用;当活塞反向运动推动气阀3时,气阀3打开气路,将气阀3与活塞4之间的腔室与导气孔1-1连通,将气缸1内的气体排出。
进一步的,所述气阀3包括阀体3-1、弹簧3-2、压盖3-3、阀芯3-4;所述阀体3-1沿径向设有贯穿的腰型孔3-11,腰型孔3-11长度方向平行于阀体3-1轴向;所述阀体3-1靠近气缸1底部侧中心设有第一通气孔3-12,靠近活塞4侧设有安装孔3-13;第一通气孔3-12和安装孔3-13均为盲孔;所述阀体3-1外圆上设有多个凹槽3-16,作为气体流道;所述凹槽3-16一端通过阀体3-1壁面上的第二通气孔3-14与第一通气孔3-12连通,另一端通过阀体3-1壁面上的第三通气孔3-15与安装孔3-13连通;所述阀芯3-4位于安装孔3-13内,阀芯3-4一端与安装孔3-23之间设有弹簧3-2;所述阀芯3-4中心设有第四通气孔3-41,外圆上设有一圈圆槽3-42;圆槽3-42通过阀芯3-4径向上的多个第五通气孔3-43与第四通气孔3-41连通;在弹簧3-2作用下,阀芯3-4外壁将第三通气孔3-15封堵;所述阀芯3-4的另一端穿过压盖3-3;所述压盖3-3固定在阀体3-1上,用于对阀芯3-4进行轴向限位;阀芯3-4另一端端面设有多个缺口3-44;所述压盖3-3外圆上设有多个通气槽3-31;所述压盖3-3外径大于阀体3-1外径;所述气缸1内腔为台阶孔,包括位于底部的第一圆孔1-2和与第一圆孔1-2相连的第二圆孔1-3;所述第一圆孔1-2直径大于第一圆孔1-2;所述阀体3-1位于第一圆孔1-2内;所述压盖3-3和活塞4均位于第二圆孔1-3内。
如图9所示,弹药击发弹丸经过身管5上的导气孔5-1后,膛内高压火药气体经身管5的导气孔5-1和气缸1底部的导气孔1-1进入多功能气动装置,推动气阀3向活塞4侧运动打开气路:压盖3-3与气缸1台阶孔的台阶面分离;凹槽3-16从第一圆孔1-2向活塞4侧运动进入第二圆孔1-3;高压气体沿第一通气孔3-12、第二通气孔3-14、凹槽3-16、通气槽3-31进入气阀3与活塞4之间的腔室;推动活塞4带动击发机构运动完成开闩和抽壳等射击循环动作。
弹丸6出炮口后,身管5膛内火药气体压力急速下降,低于气缸1气室压力,气阀3在气缸1气室压力作用下反向运动关闭气路:凹槽3-16从第二圆孔1-3向活塞4侧运动进入第一圆孔1-2,压盖3-3与气缸1台阶孔的台阶面接触;使气阀3与活塞4之间的气室内的气体处于高压状态,气室内的高压气体作用于活塞4使其保持在伸出位置,如10所示。
当击发机构在复进簧作用下复进击发时,推动活塞4运动,气阀3与活塞4之间的气室内的气体被活塞4压缩,实现对击发机构进行缓冲,当活塞4继续运动到气阀3位置时,推动阀芯3-4压缩弹簧3-2打开气路:(如图11所示),气阀3与活塞4之间的气体沿缺口3-44、第四通气孔3-41、圆槽3-42、第三通气孔3-15、凹槽3-16、第二通气孔3-14、第一通气孔3-12、导气孔1-1排出气室,以此消耗击发机构复进到位的多余能量,减小击发机构反跳行程。
本发明结构紧凑,动作可靠,实施简单,便于新导气式自动机的设计,也可在不大幅改动原有导气结构的前提下,对复进击发过程中击发机构反跳距离过大的原导气式自动机进行减小反跳距离改造。

Claims (2)

1.一种导气式自动机多功能气动装置,其特征在于,包括气缸(1)、限位销(2)、气阀(3)、活塞(4);所述气阀(3)、活塞(4)均设置在气缸(1)内;所述气阀(3)位于气缸的底部与活塞(4)之间,用于将活塞(4)与气缸(1)底部分隔成两个腔室;所述限位销(2)从径向贯穿气缸(1)和气阀,用于对气阀的轴向运动进行限位;所述气缸(1)底部设有导气孔(1-1),用于将气缸(1)内部气室与作用对象上的导气孔相连通;当高压气体进入气缸(1)底部,推动气阀(3)向活塞(4)侧运动,所述气阀(3)打开气路,用于将气阀(3)与活塞(4)之间的腔室与导气孔(1-1)连通;当作用对象气压下降,气阀(3)在气缸(1)内气体作用下向气缸(1)底部方向运动,关闭气路;当活塞反向运动推动气阀(3)时,气阀(3)打开气路,用于将气阀(3)与活塞(4)之间的腔室与导气孔(1-1)连通;
所述气阀(3)包括阀体(3-1)、弹簧(3-2)、压盖(3-3)、阀芯(3-4);所述阀体(3-1)沿径向设有贯穿的腰型孔(3-11),腰型孔(3-11)长度方向平行于阀体(3-1)轴向;所述阀体(3-1)靠近气缸(1)底部侧中心设有第一通气孔(3-12),靠近活塞(4)侧设有安装孔(3-13);第一通气孔(3-12)和安装孔(3-13)均为盲孔;所述阀体(3-1)外圆上设有多个凹槽(3-16);所述凹槽(3-16)一端通过第二通气孔(3-14)与第一通气孔(3-12)连通,另一端通过第三通气孔(3-15)与安装孔(3-13)连通;所述阀芯(3-4)位于安装孔(3-13)内,阀芯(3-4)一端与安装孔(3-13)之间设有弹簧(3-2);所述阀芯(3-4)中心设有第四通气孔(3-41),外圆上设有一圈圆槽(3-42);圆槽(3-42)通过多个第五通气孔(3-43)与第四通气孔(3-41)连通;在弹簧(3-2)作用下,阀芯(3-4)外壁将第三通气孔(3-15)封堵;所述阀芯(3-4)的另一端穿过压盖(3-3);所述压盖(3-3)固定在阀体(3-1)上,用于对阀芯(3-4)进行轴向限位;阀芯(3-4)另一端端面设有多个缺口(3-44);所述压盖(3-3)外圆上设有多个通气槽(3-31);所述压盖(3-3)外径大于阀体(3-1)外径;所述气缸(1)内腔为台阶孔,包括位于底部的第一圆孔(1-2)和与第一圆孔(1-2)相连的第二圆孔(1-3);所述第一圆孔(1-2)直径大于第一圆孔(1-2);所述阀体(3-1)位于第一圆孔(1-2)内;所述压盖(3-3)和活塞(4)均位于第二圆孔(1-3)内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的导气式自动机多功能气动装置,其特征在于,用于导气式自动机复进击发过程中的击发机构;所述气缸(1)底部的导气孔(1-1)与身管(5)上的导气孔相连通;活塞(4)与击发机构相连。
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CN102102963A (zh) * 2009-12-18 2011-06-22 中国兵器工业第二○八研究所 自适应导气系统
CN103154490A (zh) * 2010-10-08 2013-06-12 株式会社京浜 气体燃料用喷射阀

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CN1260038A (zh) * 1997-07-24 2000-07-12 依日马什公开股份公司 自动武器“卡拉什尼科夫冲锋枪”
CN102102963A (zh) * 2009-12-18 2011-06-22 中国兵器工业第二○八研究所 自适应导气系统
CN103154490A (zh) * 2010-10-08 2013-06-12 株式会社京浜 气体燃料用喷射阀

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