CN111288438B - Fluidized bed combustion furnace and combustion method - Google Patents
Fluidized bed combustion furnace and combustion method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111288438B CN111288438B CN202010222699.1A CN202010222699A CN111288438B CN 111288438 B CN111288438 B CN 111288438B CN 202010222699 A CN202010222699 A CN 202010222699A CN 111288438 B CN111288438 B CN 111288438B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
- F23C10/22—Fuel feeders specially adapted for fluidised bed combustion apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
- F23C10/20—Inlets for fluidisation air, e.g. grids; Bottoms
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- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a fluidized bed combustion furnace and a combustion method, comprising a fluidized combustion zone and a rotary drying layer combustion zone; a material inlet of the fluidized bed is arranged on the rotary drying layer combustion zone, and the rotary drying layer combustion zone is communicated with the fluidized combustion zone; the rotary drying grate firing zone is used for realizing rotary drying grate firing of the materials; the fluidized combustion zone is used for performing fluidized combustion on the materials which pass through the combustion zone of the rotary drying layer. The materials enter the combustion furnace through a material inlet of the fluidized bed, are firstly accumulated in the rotary drying layer combustion area for rotary, drying and partial laminar combustion, and the continuously input materials extrude the dried layer combustion materials out of the rotary drying layer combustion area and enter the fluidized combustion area for fluidized combustion. The technical scheme of the invention can solve the problems that the requirement on the particle size of the material is high in the existing fluidized bed combustion technology, the material needs to be crushed firstly, the energy consumption is high, and the residence time of the fuel in the furnace is too short, so that the material with large particle size and the high-humidity material cannot be sufficiently combusted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of energy and environmental protection, in particular to a fluidized bed combustion furnace and a combustion method.
Background
In recent years, with the advancement of national ecological civilization construction, how to reasonably, effectively and harmlessly treat solid wastes with large production amounts such as municipal domestic wastes, agriculture and forestry biomass and the like in a recycling manner is generally concerned by the whole society, and related technical researches become scientific research hotspots in the field of energy and environmental protection.
The utilization of incineration heat by using boiler equipment is one of the main ways for efficiently treating the solid wastes, and has the series advantages of obvious volume reduction effect, energy heat recycling and the like.
The fluidized bed combustion technology is a combustion heat utilization technology suitable for low-heat-value fuel, and has the advantages of high combustion efficiency, wide load regulation range, low pollutant discharge and the like. The air entering the furnace interacts with the bed material and the fuel particles to ensure that the bed material and the fuel particles are in a fluidized state, thereby realizing the rapid heating and the sufficient combustion of the fuel particles.
Fluidized bed furnaces have high requirements for the particle size distribution of the fuel in order to achieve reasonable fluidization, and the fuel fed into the furnace often needs to be crushed. For the fuel of the inferior coal, the process is easy to realize and the energy consumption is low, so that the fluidized bed has good advantages when the inferior coal is combusted. However, for the solid wastes such as municipal solid wastes and agriculture and forestry biomass, the crushing usually needs larger energy consumption, so that the application of the fluidized bed furnace in the aspect of burning municipal solid wastes and agriculture and forestry biomass presents a bottleneck
The urban solid waste garbage has complex components, and combustible substances such as food residue, biomass, plastics, fabrics and rubber exist, but the moisture content is generally high.
The gas-solid flow behavior in the fluidized bed is very complex, the residence time of particles in the fluidized bed combustion furnace is difficult to control, and when the residence time in the fuel particle furnace is short, the problems that the materials with larger particle size and the high-humidity materials cannot be completely combusted easily occur.
Patent CN 103090397A discloses a sludge and coal fluidized bed co-combustion reactor, wherein a central air distribution plate and an air distribution wing plate are arranged, and the speed of fluidized air generated by the two air distribution plates is controlled to be different, so that rotary gas-solid two-phase airflow is formed in a furnace, the problem that materials are easy to agglomerate in the furnace is solved, the combustion process is strengthened, and the combustion efficiency is improved; however, the reactor has high requirements on the particle size of the materials, the materials need to be crushed by a crushing device, and the situation of high energy consumption in crushing is easy to occur.
The patent CN 209782646U proposes a reinforced oxygen-increasing efficient garbage incineration treatment device, which uses a circulating fluidized bed to replace a fire grate, and is provided with an oxygen-increasing device to promote the combustion of materials in an incinerator, so that the device has a certain treatment effect on high-moisture-content solid waste materials and can improve the burn-out rate; however, oxyfuel combustion increases the production cost in both the oxygen production process and the capital investment of the previous equipment.
To sum up, the existing fluidized bed combustion technology has the following defects when the incineration treatment is carried out on the solid wastes such as municipal solid wastes, agriculture and forestry biomass and the like: 1. the particle size of the original fuel cannot be adapted to the particle size of the fuel for the fluidized bed, and the material needs to be pretreated by a crushing device, so that the energy consumption is high; 2. the residence time of the particles in the fluidized bed incinerator is difficult to control, and the problems of large particle size and incomplete burnout of solid waste with high moisture content are easy to occur.
In summary, an advanced and feasible fluidized bed combustion furnace is still lacking in terms of two important practical requirements of reducing the particle size requirement of the fuel entering the furnace and controlling the residence time of the particles in the furnace for burning and treating municipal domestic garbage and agricultural and forestry wastes.
Disclosure of Invention
The application solves the problems that the existing fluidized bed combustion furnace technology has high requirement on the particle size of materials, needs to be crushed firstly, and simultaneously, the materials with larger particle size cannot be completely and fully combusted due to too short residence time of fuel in the combustion furnace.
The application particularly provides a fluidized bed combustion furnace, which comprises a fluidized combustion zone and a rotary drying layer combustion zone; a material inlet of the fluidized bed is arranged on the rotary drying layer combustion zone, and the rotary drying layer combustion zone is communicated with the fluidized combustion zone; the rotary drying grate firing zone is used for realizing rotary drying grate firing of the materials; the fluidized combustion zone is used for performing fluidized combustion on the materials which pass through the combustion zone of the rotary drying layer.
The material enters the combustion furnace through a material inlet of the fluidized bed, is firstly accumulated in the rotary drying layer combustion area for drying and partial layered combustion, and the continuously input material extrudes the dried layer combustion material to leave the rotary drying layer combustion area and enter the fluidized combustion area for fluidized combustion.
Further, this application design rotary drying layer combustion zone and fluidization combustion zone all are located fluidized bed combustion furnace's combustion chamber. The fluidized combustion zone is positioned in the middle of the combustion chamber, and the rotary drying layer combustion zone is positioned at the periphery of the fluidized combustion zone and at the bottom of the combustion chamber. The bottom of the rotary drying layer combustion zone is provided with a rotatable air distribution plate, and the rotatable air distribution plate is in a rotating state taking the central axis of the fluidized combustion zone as a rotating shaft when the fluidized bed works.
The rotary drying layer combustion area is provided with a first fluidized air chamber, a rotatable air distribution plate is communicated with the first fluidized air chamber, the first fluidized air chamber is used for providing first fluidized air entering the rotary drying layer combustion area, and the section air speed U of the first fluidized air above the rotary drying layer combustion areaf-1With minimum fluidization velocity U of the materialmfHas a relationship of Uf-1<1.0UmfSo that the material can be in the dry layer combustion area to be dried and layer-combusted under the action of fluidizing air, but can not enter into the fluidized state.
Furthermore, this application design fluidization combustion area bottom is provided with fixed grid plate, still includes second fluidization wind room, and fixed grid plate and second fluidization wind room intercommunication, second fluidization wind room are used for providing the second fluidization wind that gets into fluidization combustion area, and the second fluidization wind is at the cross-section wind speed U of fixed grid plate topf-2With minimum fluidization velocity U of the materialmfThe relationship of (1) is: 1.1Umf<Uf-2<8.0UmfSo that the material can enter boiling fluidized combustion in the fluidized combustion zone.
Furthermore, this application designs first fluidization wind room and is the cavity of compriseing first lateral wall and second lateral wall, and first lateral wall has the degree of freedom that uses fluidization combustion zone axis as the pivot, the axial both ends one end of first lateral wall is connected with rotatable air distribution plate, the other end is connected with power device, thereby power device is used for driving the rotation of first lateral wall and drives rotatable air distribution plate and rotate.
Further, this application design power device includes motor, reduction gear, drive gear and ring gear, and the motor cooperates with reduction gear, drive gear, ring gear in order to export power, and the ring gear is fixed on first lateral wall. The motor provides power for the rotating air distribution plate, the rotating speed of the transmission gear is adjusted through the speed reducer, and the transmission gear is meshed with the gear ring fixed on the first side wall and drives the first side wall and the rotating air distribution plate to rotate.
Furthermore, the rotatable air distribution plate of this application design sets up in the periphery of fixed air distribution plate, and the position of rotatable air distribution plate is higher than fixed air distribution plate, is provided with first dynamic seal between the first lateral wall and the second lateral wall of first fluidization wind plenum, is provided with the second dynamic seal between fixed air distribution plate and the rotatable air distribution plate. When the material is combusted, the first side wall rotates by taking the central shaft of the fluidized combustion zone as a rotating shaft, the second side wall is fixedly connected to the furnace wall of the combustion furnace, and in order to ensure the sealing property of the first fluidized air chamber, the first side wall and the second side wall of the first fluidized air chamber are connected through a first dynamic seal. Meanwhile, the rotatable air distribution plate is connected and arranged at the periphery of the fixed air distribution plate and rotates around a middle shaft of the fixed air distribution plate, and in order to ensure the sealing property of the combustion furnace, the fixed air distribution plate and the rotatable air distribution plate are connected through a second dynamic seal.
Further, the air distribution plate which is rotatable is provided with an air inlet part; the air inlet part is arranged at an inclination angle of 15-45 degrees relative to the horizontal plane, and one side close to the furnace wall is higher than one side close to the center of the furnace body, so that the position of the rotatable air distribution plate is higher than that of the fixed air distribution plate.
In addition, the rotatable air distribution plate is also provided with connecting parts which are arranged at the outer side and the inner side of the air inlet part, the inner side is close to the center of the combustion chamber, and the outer side is far away from the center of the combustion chamber; wherein the connecting part arranged at the outer side of the air inlet part is in lap joint with the furnace wall, and the connecting part arranged at the inner side of the air inlet part is close to the outer edge of the fixed air distribution plate.
The inner side of the furnace wall is provided with a first groove at a position close to the bottom, and the connecting part of the rotatable air distribution plate positioned at the outer side of the air inlet part is partially arranged in the first groove.
Further, this application design material entry includes first feed inlet, and first feed inlet is located the oven and fires the position department that the district corresponds with rotatory dry layer, and first feed inlet is connected with first screw feeder and is used for transporting the material of treating the burning. The first spiral feeder is positioned at the combustion zone of the rotary drying layer, so that the inlet is not over-heated, and the spiral feeder is also favorable for pushing the material in the combustion zone of the drying layer to enter the fluidized combustion zone.
In addition, the material inlet also comprises a second feeding hole, the second feeding hole is positioned on the furnace wall at a position corresponding to the rotary drying grate firing zone and is arranged opposite to the first feeding hole, and the second feeding hole is connected with a second screw feeder for transporting pollutant control agents. The second spiral feeder is positioned at the position of the combustion zone of the rotary drying layer, so that the inlet is not over-heated, and the spiral feeder is also favorable for pushing the materials in the combustion zone of the drying layer to enter the fluidized combustion zone.
Furthermore, the application also provides a combustion method of the fluidized bed combustion furnace, wherein a rotary drying layer combustion area is arranged at the periphery of a fluidized combustion area of a fluidized bed, first fluidizing air is introduced into the rotary drying layer combustion area, and second fluidizing air is introduced into the fluidized combustion area;
controlling section wind speed U above rotary dry layer combustion areaf-1Below the minimum fluidization velocity U of the materialmfAfter the material enters the fluidized bed, a particle accumulation fixed bed is formed, and the particle accumulation fixed bed is rotationally dried along with a rotary drying layer combustion area and is partially subjected to layered combustion to realize dry layer combustion, so that the particle size of the material is reduced, and the material is easy to crush and combust.
The continuously fed material extrudes the dried and stratified material out of the rotary dry combustion zone into the fluidized combustion zone for fluidized combustion. Controlling the cross-sectional wind speed U above the fluidized combustion zonef-2With minimum fluidization velocity U of the materialmfIs 1.1Umf<Uf-2<8.0UmfAnd the material extruded into the fluidized combustion zone begins to be subjected to fluidized combustion. The material is acted by the second fluidizing air in the fluidized combustion zone, and the material is vigorously flowed to carry out boiling fluidized combustion.
At the moment, fuel particles in a part of fluidized combustion zone are thrown above the rotary drying layer combustion zone under the action of second fluidizing air to heat the particle fixed bed in the rotary drying layer combustion zone, and meanwhile, the fuel particles are thrown above the drying layer combustion zone to increase the height of the particle fixed bed in the rotary zone, so that the first feeding hole and the second feeding hole are positioned at the middle height of the drying layer combustion zone;
further, the temperature of the first fluidized air and the second fluidized air in the application is 60-350 ℃. The high-temperature fluidized air is favorable for accelerating the drying and the layer combustion of the materials in the rotary drying layer combustion area and is also favorable for accelerating the combustion of the materials in the fluidized combustion area.
In the embodiment of the application, because the fluidized bed combustion method and the combustion furnace with the peripheral rotary drying layer combustion area are adopted, the problems that the requirement on the particle size of materials in the existing fluidized bed combustion furnace technology is high, the materials with large particle sizes cannot be completely and fully combusted due to the fact that the residence time of fuel in the combustion furnace is too short are effectively solved, and the following technical effects are achieved:
1. through set up fluidization combustion zone and rotatory dry layer combustion zone in firing burning furnace, the material gets into and carries out drying and layer combustion earlier in the stove, makes dry, the volume dwindles and becomes easily broken and prolonged the dwell time of material in the stove, has improved the burnout rate of material, has saved the breaker before the material advances the stove simultaneously, has saved the energy consumption.
2. The air inlet part of the rotary air distribution plate is inclined relative to the horizontal plane and is close to one side of the furnace wall and higher than one side of the center of the furnace body, and meanwhile, the position of the rotary air distribution plate is higher than that of the fixed air distribution plate, so that materials can be easily extruded to enter a fluidized combustion area after the materials are burnt on a drying layer, and the materials are prevented from being stacked on the rotary air distribution plate.
3. First feed inlet and second feed inlet setting are in dry layer combustion area through the setting, avoided among the prior art the feed inlet directly arrange in the super temperature that the fluidization combustion area leads to damage and the tiny particle material get into the combustion furnace after not starting the burning and carry out to lead to not burning the big problem of loss through smoke exhaust pipe by the flue gas promptly, the waste of tiny particle material has also been reduced in the design of first feed inlet and second feed inlet, improved combustion efficiency, pollution abatement.
4. Through setting up the rotatory dry layer burning zone of slope, be favorable to being thrown the material that falls on the pile-up bed of dry layer burning zone top and hug closely the oven to furnace body central direction along the oven and form the angle of protection, the protection oven is avoided the striking of fluidization burning zone high temperature stream firing and material granule, alleviates the oven wearing and tearing condition.
It should be understood that all combinations of the foregoing concepts and additional concepts described in greater detail below can be considered as part of the inventive subject matter of this disclosure unless such concepts are mutually inconsistent.
The foregoing and other aspects, embodiments and features of the present teachings can be more fully understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Additional aspects of the present invention, such as features and/or advantages of exemplary embodiments, will be apparent from the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of specific embodiments in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
Drawings
The drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, each identical or nearly identical component that is illustrated in various figures may be represented by a like numeral. For purposes of clarity, not every component may be labeled in every drawing. Embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a top view of the rotating air distribution plate and the fixed air distribution plate of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the movement of the moving part of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a rotary air distribution plate structure according to the present invention
1. A furnace wall; 2. material preparation; 3. a first screw feeder; 4. a first feed port; 5. a dry blanket combustion zone; 6. a rotatable air distribution plate; 7. a first fluidized air chamber; 8. a second side wall; 9. an electric motor; 10. A transmission gear; 11. a speed reducer; 12. a ring gear; 13. a second fluidized air chamber; 14. a first dynamic seal; 15. a first side wall; 16. fixing the air distribution plate; 17. a second dynamic seal; 18. a fluidized combustion zone; 19. a second feed port; 20. a second screw feeder; 21. a contaminant control agent; 22. a smoke exhaust duct; 23. a connecting portion; 24. an air inlet part.
Detailed Description
In order to solve the problems that materials need to be crushed before combustion to generate large energy consumption and the materials with large particle size cannot be sufficiently combusted and the burnout rate of the materials is low in the prior art, the embodiment of the application provides a fluidized bed combustion furnace and a combustion method.
In order to better understand the technical solution, the technical solution will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments.
In particular, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present application contemplates a fluidized bed combustion furnace comprising a fluidized combustion zone 18 and a rotary dryer zone 5; a material 2 inlet of the fluidized bed is arranged on the drying layer combustion zone 5, and the rotary drying layer combustion zone 5 is communicated with the fluidized combustion zone 18; the rotary drying grate firing zone 5 is used for realizing rotary drying grate firing of the material 2; the fluidized combustion zone 18 is used for fluidized combustion of the material 2 which has passed through the dry-bed combustion zone 5.
The material 2 enters the combustion furnace through the material 2 inlet of the fluidized bed, is firstly stacked in the rotary drying layer combustion area 5 for drying and partial layer combustion, the particle size of the dried and partial layer combustion material 2 is reduced or is easy to break and combust, the continuously input material 2 extrudes the dried layer combustion material 2 to leave the rotary drying layer combustion area 5 and enter the fluidized combustion area 18, and the material 2 violently flows under the action of high-speed fluidized air to carry out boiling fluidized combustion.
Meanwhile, the combustion materials 2 above the fluidized combustion zone 18 are thrown to the stacked bed above the dry layer combustion zone 5 in the process of violent fluidization, and heat is transferred to the stacked new materials 2 to accelerate the drying and/or layer combustion of the new materials.
In specific implementation, the rotary drying layer combustion zone 5 and the fluidized combustion zone 18 are both arranged in a combustion chamber of the fluidized bed combustion furnace. The fluidized combustion zone 18 is located in the middle of the combustion chamber, and the rotary drying layer combustion zone 5 is located at the periphery of the fluidized combustion zone 18 and at the bottom of the combustion chamber. The bottom of the rotary drying layer combustion area 5 is a rotatable air distribution plate 6, preferably, the rotatable air distribution plate 6 is an air cap type air distribution plate, the rotatable air distribution plate 6 is in a rotating state taking a central axis of the fluidized combustion area 18 as a rotating shaft when the fluidized bed works, the material 2 which is newly fed into the combustion furnace rotates around the fluidized combustion area 18 along with the rotatable air distribution plate 6, the time of the material 2 in the combustion furnace is prolonged, the material 2 is dried slowly, the layer combustion is carried out, and the material 2 which is dried and burned in the layer combustion layer is extruded into the fluidized combustion area 18 to be subjected to fluidized combustion after rotating for one circle or several weeks along with the extrusion of the newly fed material 2.
In addition, the device also comprises a first fluidized air chamber 7, wherein a rotatable air distribution plate 6 is communicated with the first fluidized air chamber 7, the first fluidized air chamber 7 is used for providing first fluidized air entering the rotary drying layer combustion zone 5, and the section air speed U of the first fluidized air above the rotary drying layer combustion zone 5f-1Below the minimum fluidization velocity U of the material 2mfSo that the material 2 in the dry layer combustion zone 5 can be dried and layer-combusted under the action of the fluidizing air, but can not enter a fluidized state.
In specific implementation, the bottom of the fluidized combustion zone 18 is provided with a fixed air distribution plate 16, preferably, the fixed air distribution plate 16 is a hood-shaped air distribution plate in the present application, and further comprises a second fluidized air chamber 13, the fixed air distribution plate 16 is communicated with the second fluidized air chamber 13, the second fluidized air chamber 13 is used for providing second fluidized air entering the fluidized combustion zone 18, and the section air speed U of the second fluidized air above the fixed air distribution plate 16 isf-2With minimum fluidization velocity U of the materialmfThe relationship of (1) is: 1.1Umf<Uf-2<8.0UmfUf-2So that the material 2 can enter the boiling fluidized combustion in the fluidized combustion zone 18.
In specific implementation, the first fluidized air chamber 7 is a cavity formed by a first side wall 15 and a second side wall 8, the first side wall 15 has a degree of freedom using a central axis of a fluidized combustion zone 18 as a rotating shaft, one end of each of two axial ends of the first side wall 15 is connected with the drying layer combustion zone 5, the other end of each of the two axial ends of the first side wall 15 is connected with a power device, the power device is used for driving the first side wall 15 to rotate so as to drive the drying layer combustion zone 5 to rotate, and the rotation conditions of the drying layer combustion zone 5 and the first side wall 15 in the application are shown in fig. 3.
During specific implementation, the power device comprises the motor 9, the speed reducer 11, the transmission gear 10 and the gear ring 12, the motor 9 is sequentially matched with the speed reducer 11, the transmission gear 10 and the gear ring 12 to output power, and the gear ring 12 is fixed on the first side wall 15. The motor 9 provides power for the rotatable grid plate 6, the rotating speed of the transmission gear 10 is adjusted through the speed reducer 11, the transmission gear 10 is meshed with the gear ring 12 fixed on the first side wall 15, the first side wall 15 is driven to rotate, and therefore the rotatable grid plate 6 is driven to rotate.
In specific implementation, the rotatable air distribution plate 6 is arranged on the periphery of the fixed air distribution plate 16, meanwhile, the position of the rotatable air distribution plate 6 is higher than that of the fixed air distribution plate 16, a first dynamic seal 14 is arranged between the first side wall 15 and the second side wall 8 of the first fluidized air chamber 7, and a second dynamic seal 17 is arranged between the fixed air distribution plate 16 and the rotatable air distribution plate 6. When the material 2 is combusted, the first side wall 15 rotates by taking the central axis of the fluidized combustion zone 18 as a rotating shaft, the second side wall 8 is fixedly connected to the furnace wall 1 of the combustion furnace, and in order to ensure the sealing property of the first fluidized air chamber 7, the first side wall 15 and the second side wall 8 of the first fluidized air chamber 7 are connected through a first dynamic seal 14.
Meanwhile, the rotatable air distribution plate 6 is connected and arranged on the periphery of the fixed air distribution plate 16 and rotates around the central shaft of the fixed air distribution plate 16, and the fixed air distribution plate 16 and the rotatable air distribution plate 6 are connected through a second movable seal 17 for ensuring the sealing performance of the joint.
In specific implementation, as shown in fig. 4, the rotatable air distribution plate 6 of the present application is provided with an air inlet portion 24; the air inlet part 24 is arranged at an inclination angle of 15-45 degrees relative to the horizontal plane, and one side close to the furnace wall 1 is higher than one side close to the center of the furnace body, so that the position of the rotatable air distribution plate 6 is higher than that of the fixed air distribution plate 16, the extrusion of the dried grate-fired old material 2 to the fluidized combustion zone 18 in the center direction of the furnace body by the newly-fed material 2 is facilitated, the accumulation and fixation of the dried grate-fired material 2 on the rotatable air distribution plate 6 are avoided, and the newly-fed material 2 is extruded by the subsequently-entered material 2 on the surface layer of the old material 2 and pushed into the fluidized combustion zone 18. The design inclination that is suitable relatively in this application for material 2 can obtain abundant dry layer on rotatable air distributor 6 and burn, also is favorable to newly-advanced material 2 to extrude the old material 2 that has burnt in dry layer to the fluidization combustion zone 18 of furnace body central direction.
And secondly, the inclined angle is more favorable for the materials 2 thrown to the stacking bed above the dry layer combustion zone 5 to cling to the furnace wall 1 along the furnace wall 1 to the central direction of the furnace body to form a protection angle, so that the furnace wall 1 is protected from being burned by high-temperature flow in the fluidized combustion zone 18 and the impact of particles of the materials 2, and the abrasion condition of the furnace wall 1 is reduced.
In addition, the rotatable air distribution plate 6 is also provided with a connecting part 23, the connecting part 23 is arranged at the outer side and the inner side of the air inlet part 24, the inner side is one side close to the center of the combustion chamber, and the outer side is one side far away from the center of the combustion chamber; wherein, the connecting part 23 arranged at the outer side of the air inlet part 24 is lapped with the furnace wall 1, and the connecting part 23 arranged at the inner side of the air inlet part 24 is close to the outer edge of the fixed air distribution plate 16.
A first groove is also arranged at the position close to the bottom inside the furnace wall 1, and a connecting part 23 of the dry layer burning zone 5 positioned at the outer side of the air inlet part 24 is partially arranged in the first groove. When the combustion furnace works, the connecting part 23 of the drying layer combustion area 5, which is positioned outside the air inlet part 24, rotates around the central axis of the fixed air distribution plate 16 in the first groove.
Meanwhile, only the air inlet part 24 is inclined relative to the horizontal plane, and the connecting part 23 on the inner side of the air inlet part 24 of the rotatable air distribution plate 6 is in a horizontal state, so that the time of the material 2 in the fuel furnace is further prolonged, and the material is ensured to be fully dried before entering the fluidized combustion zone 18.
During specific implementation, this application design material 2 entry includes first feed inlet 4, and first feed inlet 4 is located oven 1 and the position department that corresponds with rotatory dry layer combustion zone 5, and first feed inlet 4 is connected with first screw feeder 3 and is used for transporting material 2 of treating the burning. The first screw feeder 3 is positioned at the position of the rotary drying layer combustion area 5, the first feeding hole 4 can be coated by the new materials 2 which continuously enter, the inlet is not over-temperature, and the screw feeding is also beneficial to pushing the materials 2 in the drying layer combustion area 5 to enter the fluidized combustion area 18.
On the other hand first feed inlet 4 is located oven 1 and is located the position department that corresponds with rotary drying layer combustion area 5, be in the lower extreme of oven 1, also can pile up after the tiny particle material 2 gets into and dry rotatable air distribution plate 6 rotary drying then get into the burning of fluidization combustion area 18, compare in the upper end that the feed inlet is located oven 1 among the prior art, tiny particle material 2 gets into and has not started the burning behind the burning furnace and carry in through exhaust pipe 22 by the flue gas promptly, the loss of not burning is big, the waste of tiny particle material 2 has also been reduced in the design of first feed inlet 4 in this application, and the combustion efficiency is improved, and the pollution is reduced.
In addition, the material 2 inlet of this application design still includes second feed inlet 19, and second feed inlet 19 is located the position department that corresponds with rotatory drying layer zone of combustion 5 on oven 1 and arranges with first feed inlet 4 relatively, and second feed inlet 19 is connected with second screw feeder 20 and is used for transporting pollutant control agent 21. The second screw feeder 20 is located in the position of the rotary drying layer combustion zone 5, the second feeding hole 19 can be coated by the new materials 2 which continuously enter, the inlet is favorable for not exceeding the temperature, and the screw feeding is also favorable for pushing the materials 2 of the rotatable air distribution plate 6 to enter the fluidized combustion zone 18.
Meanwhile, the second feeding hole 19 and the first feeding hole 4 are oppositely arranged, the rotating speed of the rotatable air distribution plate 6 is controlled by the speed reducer 11, so that the materials 2 can be fully dried after rotating for half a circle around the axis of the fixed air distribution plate 16, and can fall into the fluidized combustion zone 18 under the extrusion of a newly input pollutant control agent 21, and the combustion speed of the materials 2 is improved.
In particular, the present application also provides a combustion method for a fluidized bed combustion furnace, wherein a rotary drying layer combustion zone 5 is arranged at the periphery of a fluidized combustion zone 18 of a fluidized bed. Introducing first fluidizing air into the rotary drying layer combustion zone 5, and introducing second fluidizing air into the fluidizing combustion zone 18; controlling the section wind speed U above the combustion zone 5 of the rotary drying layerf-1Below the minimum fluidization velocity U of the materialmf。
After fuel enters a hearth through a first feeding hole 4, a particle stacking fixed bed is formed in a rotary drying layer burning zone 5, a pollutant control agent 21 enters the hearth through a second feeding hole 19, the particle stacking fixed bed is formed in the rotary drying layer burning zone 5, and then the particle stacking fixed bed rotates and dries along with the rotary drying layer burning zone 5 and partial layered combustion is carried out to realize dry layer burning, so that the particle size of the material 2 is reduced, and the material is easy to crush and burn.
The continuously fed material 2 presses the dried grate-fired material 2 out of the rotary drying grate firing zone 5 into the fluidized combustion zone 18 and performs fluidized combustion. Controlling the cross-sectional wind velocity U above the fluidized combustion zone 18f-2With minimum fluidization velocity U of the materialmfIs 1.1Umf<Uf-2<8.0UmfThe material 2 extruded into the fluidized combustion zone 18 is caused to start fluidized combustion. The material 2 is acted by the second fluidizing air in the fluidized combustion zone 18, and the material flows vigorously to carry out boiling fluidized combustion.
At this moment, the fuel particles in the partial fluidized combustion zone 18 are thrown above the rotary drying layer combustion zone 5 under the action of the second fluidized air to heat the particle fixed bed in the rotary drying layer combustion zone 5, and meanwhile, the particles above the drying layer combustion zone 5 are thrown to increase the height of the particle fixed bed in the rotary drying layer combustion zone, so that the first feed port 4 and the second feed port 19 are positioned at the middle height of the drying layer combustion zone 5, and meanwhile, the material 2 can be tightly attached to the furnace wall 1 and extend the furnace wall 1 to incline towards the center direction of the furnace body to form a protection angle of the furnace wall 1.
In specific implementation, the temperature of the first fluidized air and the second fluidized air is 60-350 ℃. The high-temperature fluidized air is beneficial to accelerating the drying and the grate firing of the materials 2 in the rotary drying grate firing zone 5 and is also beneficial to accelerating the combustion of the materials 2 in the fluidized firing zone 18.
In particular, the contaminant control agent 21 is limestone in this application. The limestone can adsorb chlorine element, sulfur element and the like carried in the garbage, and the generation of polluted gases such as hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide and the like is reduced.
It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
The use of "first," "second," and similar terms in the description and claims of the present application do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather the terms are used to distinguish one element from another. Similarly, the singular forms "a," "an," or "the" do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
Claims (10)
1. A fluidized bed combustion furnace, characterized by:
comprises a fluidized combustion zone and a rotary drying layer combustion zone;
the rotary drying layer combustion zone is provided with a material inlet of the fluidized bed and is communicated with the fluidized combustion zone;
the rotary drying grate firing zone is used for realizing rotary drying grate firing of the materials;
the fluidized combustion zone is used for performing fluidized combustion on the rotary dry layer combustion material;
the bottom of the rotary drying layer combustion zone is provided with a rotatable air distribution plate, and the rotatable air distribution plate is in a rotating state taking a central shaft of the fluidized combustion zone as a rotating shaft when the fluidized bed works; the rotatable air distribution plate is communicated with the first fluidized air chamber;
the bottom of the fluidized combustion zone is provided with a fixed air distribution plate; the air distribution plate is communicated with the first fluidized air chamber.
2. The fluidized bed combustion furnace as set forth in claim 1, wherein:
the rotary drying layer combustion area and the fluidized combustion area are both positioned in a combustion cavity of the fluidized bed combustion furnace;
the fluidized combustion zone is positioned in the middle of the combustion chamber, and the rotary drying layer combustion zone is positioned at the periphery of the fluidized combustion zone and at the bottom of the combustion chamber;
the first fluidized air chamber is used for providing first fluidized air entering the rotary drying grate firing zone, and the section air speed U of the first fluidized air above the rotary drying grate firing zonef-1With minimum fluidization velocity U of the materialmfHas a relationship of Uf-1<1.0Umf。
3. The fluidized bed combustion furnace as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the second fluidized air chamber is used for providing second fluidized air entering the fluidized combustion zone, and the section air speed U of the second fluidized air above the fixed air distribution platef-2With minimum fluidization velocity U of the materialmfThe relationship of (1) is: 1.1Umf<Uf-2<8.0Umf。
4. The fluidized bed combustion furnace as set forth in claim 3, wherein: the first fluidized air chamber is a cavity body consisting of a first side wall and a second side wall, the first side wall has a degree of freedom taking a middle shaft of the fluidized combustion zone as a rotating shaft, one end of the axial two ends of the first side wall is connected with the rotatable air distribution plate, the other end of the axial two ends of the first side wall is connected with the power device, and the power device is used for driving the first side wall to rotate so as to drive the rotatable air distribution plate to rotate.
5. The fluidized bed combustion furnace as set forth in claim 4, wherein: the power device comprises a motor, a speed reducer, a transmission gear and a gear ring, wherein the motor is sequentially matched with the speed reducer, the transmission gear and the gear ring to output power, and the gear ring is fixed on the first side wall.
6. The fluidized bed combustion furnace as set forth in claim 5, wherein: the rotatable air distribution plate is arranged on the periphery of the fixed air distribution plate, and the position of the rotatable air distribution plate is higher than that of the fixed air distribution plate;
a first dynamic seal is arranged between the first side wall and the second side wall, and a second dynamic seal is arranged between the fixed air distribution plate and the rotatable air distribution plate.
7. The fluidized bed combustion furnace as set forth in claim 6, wherein: an air inlet part is arranged on the rotatable air distribution plate; the air inlet part is arranged at an inclination angle of 15-45 degrees relative to the horizontal plane, and one side close to the furnace wall is higher than one side close to the center of the furnace body;
the rotatable air distribution plate is also provided with connecting parts which are arranged on the outer side and the inner side of the air inlet part, the inner side is one side close to the center of the combustion chamber, and the outer side is one side far away from the center of the combustion chamber; wherein the connecting part arranged at the outer side of the air inlet part is in lap joint with the furnace wall, and the connecting part arranged at the inner side of the air inlet part is close to the outer edge of the fixed air distribution plate;
the inner side of the furnace wall is provided with a first groove at a position close to the bottom, and the connecting part positioned at the outer side of the air inlet part is partially arranged in the first groove.
8. The fluidized bed combustion furnace as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the material inlet comprises a first feeding hole, the first feeding hole is positioned on the furnace wall at a position corresponding to the rotary dry grate firing zone, and the first feeding hole is connected with a first spiral feeder for conveying materials to be fired;
the material inlet also comprises a second feeding hole, the second feeding hole is positioned at the position, corresponding to the rotary drying grate firing zone, on the furnace wall and is arranged opposite to the first feeding hole, and the second feeding hole is connected with a second screw feeder for transporting pollutant control agents.
9. A combustion method of a fluidized bed combustion furnace as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that:
a rotary drying layer combustion area is arranged at the periphery of a fluidized combustion area of the fluidized bed, first fluidizing air is introduced into the rotary drying layer combustion area, and second fluidizing air is introduced into the fluidized combustion area;
controlling the section wind speed U above the combustion area of the rotary drying layerf-1Below the minimum fluidization velocity U of the materialmfAfter the materials enter the fluidized bed, a particle stacking fixed bed is formed, and the materials are dried in a rotating manner along with the rotating drying layer combustion area and are partially combusted in a layered manner to realize drying layer combustion;
continuously feeding the material to extrude the dried and burned material out of the rotary dry burning zone into the fluidized burning zone, and controlling the section wind speed U above the fluidized burning zonef-2With minimum fluidization velocity U of the materialmfIs 1.1Umf<Uf-2<8.0UmfAnd the material extruded into the fluidized combustion zone begins to be subjected to fluidized combustion.
10. The combustion method in a fluidized bed combustion furnace as set forth in claim 9, wherein: the temperature of the first fluidized air and the second fluidized air is 60-350 ℃.
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