CN111287155B - Full-automatic grading fishway - Google Patents
Full-automatic grading fishway Download PDFInfo
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- CN111287155B CN111287155B CN202010107026.1A CN202010107026A CN111287155B CN 111287155 B CN111287155 B CN 111287155B CN 202010107026 A CN202010107026 A CN 202010107026A CN 111287155 B CN111287155 B CN 111287155B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/08—Fish passes or other means providing for migration of fish; Passages for rafts or boats
- E02B8/085—Devices allowing fish migration, e.g. fish traps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/60—Ecological corridors or buffer zones
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Separation Of Solids By Using Liquids Or Pneumatic Power (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a full-automatic grading fishway, which comprises a multi-stage grading pool sequentially arranged according to the water flow direction, wherein a spiral structure is arranged between an upstream grading pool and a downstream grading pool, a water port on a partition wall extends outwards to the upper end of an outer cylinder, water in the upstream grading pool flows into the outer cylinder through the water port, water flow impacts an outer spiral blade to drive the inner cylinder, an inner spiral blade and a rotating shaft to rotate together, water in the downstream grading pool flows into the upstream grading pool through the inner cylinder under the action of the inner spiral blade, and fish in the downstream grading pool enters the inner cylinder from the lower end of the inner cylinder and enters the upstream grading pool from the upper end of the inner cylinder. The invention utilizes the principle of the screw pump, adopts the fishway operation mode of combining automation and electric power, ensures that the fish moves by the lift force of the fishway, timely feeds back the water level condition to determine whether to start the motor, is clean and energy-saving, is convenient for assembly and maintenance, has high fish passing efficiency, is beneficial to the transportation and exchange of upstream and downstream organic matters, and solves the problem of difficult migration of the fish.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic junction engineering, in particular to a full-automatic grading fishway.
Background
At present, the types of fishways are many, mainly technical fishways such as pool fishways, baffle fishways, vertical seam fishways and the like and ecological fishways, the design targets are often single, mainly aiming at one or two main economic fishes or national key protective fishes, but tens of fishes and even hundreds of fishes are generally in a natural river water ecological system, and the migration period and the migration flow rate of various fishes are different, so that the traditional fishways have great limitations.
In order to solve the problem of different migration flow rates of fish, the application number is 201520844111.0, the invention is a Chinese patent of ecological fishway with multi-stage flow rate channels, and the fishway consists of a fishpond, a low-flow rate fish passage, a medium-flow rate fish passage and a high-flow rate fish passage. The three fish-passing channels with different flow rates are formed in the fish pond, and the extending directions are consistent with the water flow directions.
However, this solution has the following problems:
1. the slope of the bottom slope of the ecological fishway is slow, the required water head is small, and the occupied area is large, so that the engineering applicability is poor.
2. The scheme does not solve the problems of the transportation and exchange of organic matters at the upstream and downstream, and more importance should be attached to ecological environment protection and water environment protection.
3. The fishway is not suitable for the migration requirements of various fishes, and the ecological community characteristics of the fishes objectively need a fishway with wide inclusion and high fish conveying efficiency so as to meet the migration requirements of various fishes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the technology, and provides a double-layer reverse spiral type grading fishway, which utilizes a spiral pump principle and adopts an automatic and electric combined fishway operation mode to enable fishes to migrate by means of the lifting force of the fishway and timely feed back the water level condition to determine whether to start a motor, so that the fishway is clean and energy-saving, is convenient to assemble and maintain, has high fish passing efficiency, is beneficial to transporting and exchanging upstream and downstream organic matters, and solves the problem of difficult migration of fishes.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
A full-automatic grading fishway comprises multistage grading ponds which are sequentially arranged according to the water flow direction, wherein the adjacent upstream grading ponds and downstream grading ponds are separated by partition walls, and the heights of the partition walls are sequentially decreased along with the water flow direction;
a spiral structure is arranged between the upstream classifying pool and the downstream classifying pool, the upper end of the spiral structure is supported on a fixing device through a fixing rod, the fixing device is arranged in the upstream classifying pool, and the lower end of the spiral structure is supported in the downstream classifying pool through the fixing rod;
The spiral structure comprises an inner cylinder, an outer spiral blade, an inner spiral blade and a rotating shaft, wherein the upper end of the rotating shaft is rotationally connected with a fixed rod of an upstream classifying pool through a first rotating bearing, and the lower end of the rotating shaft is rotationally connected with a fixed rod of a downstream classifying pool through a first rotating bearing; the inner spiral blade is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, the inner cylinder is fixedly connected to the inner spiral blade, the outer spiral blade is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the inner cylinder, the outer cylinder is fixedly connected to the outer spiral blade, the inner spiral blade and the outer spiral blade are opposite in rotation direction, two ends of the inner cylinder extend out of the outer cylinder, and the lower end of the inner cylinder is immersed in water;
The partition wall is provided with a water through hole, the water through hole extends outwards to the upper end of the outer barrel, water in the upstream classifying pool flows into the outer barrel through the water through hole, water flow impacts the outer spiral blade to drive the inner barrel, the inner spiral blade and the rotating shaft to rotate together, water in the downstream classifying pool flows into the upstream classifying pool through the inner barrel under the action of the inner spiral blade, fish in the downstream classifying pool enters the inner barrel from the lower end of the inner barrel and enters the upstream classifying pool from the upper end of the inner barrel.
Preferably, in order to realize that the driving device drives the rotating shaft to actively rotate, the upper end of the rotating shaft is sleeved with a straight bevel gear I, a straight bevel gear II is arranged on the fixing device and meshed with the straight bevel gear II, and the straight bevel gear II is driven to rotate by a main motor arranged on the fixing device.
Preferably, the fixing device comprises a supporting cylinder, a supporting table is fixedly arranged in the supporting cylinder, a main motor is arranged on the supporting table, an output shaft of the main motor is upwards arranged and parallel to the central line of the supporting cylinder, a gear is connected to the output shaft, a rotary outer cylinder is arranged above the main motor, a gap is formed between the bottom of the rotary outer cylinder and the main motor, an upwards-protruding cavity is formed in the bottom end of the rotary outer cylinder, tooth grooves are formed in the inner wall of the cavity, the gear on the output shaft of the main motor is positioned in the cavity, the gear is meshed with the tooth grooves of the cavity, the motor drives the rotary outer cylinder to rotate, a tray is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the rotary outer cylinder, a straight bevel gear II is fixedly sleeved on the outer side wall of the rotary outer cylinder and is supported on the tray, and the main motor drives the rotary outer cylinder and the straight bevel gear II to rotate together. The main motor is arranged in the supporting cylinder, the two straight bevel gears are all positioned at the top of the supporting cylinder, waterproof can be realized, and the main motor, the rotary outer cylinder and the two straight bevel gears form a driving device for driving the rotating shaft to actively rotate.
Preferably, a pressure bearing is sleeved on the output shaft of the main motor, and the pressure bearing is positioned in a gap between the bottom of the rotary outer cylinder and the main motor. The rotary outer cylinder falls on the outer ring of the pressure bearing, the pressure bearing bears the pressure on the rotary outer cylinder on the main motor, the pressure on the output shaft of the main motor is reduced, the rotary outer cylinder can be prevented from shaking when rotating, and the rotation of the rotary outer cylinder and the output shaft is not influenced.
Preferably, in order to realize that the main motor can be automatically started when the upstream water level is insufficient, a circular truncated cone body is arranged in the rotary outer cylinder, a plurality of first sliding rails are arranged on the outer surface of the circular truncated cone body, all the first sliding rails are distributed in a radial manner when being observed downwards along the axis direction of the circular truncated cone body, each sliding rail is connected with a protruding block in a sliding manner, and the top of each protruding block is connected with the annular hanging table in a sliding manner; the second straight bevel gear is provided with a bayonet, and the side wall of the rotary outer cylinder connected with the second straight bevel gear is provided with an orifice; a plurality of annular hanging tables are fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the rotary outer cylinder above the orifice, the annular hanging tables are arranged at positions close to the orifice, a plurality of second sliding rails are connected to the annular hanging tables, sliding supports are connected to the second sliding rails in a sliding manner, and the sliding supports are connected with the tops of the protruding blocks;
The top end of the round table body is rotationally connected with a moving device, and the moving device can drive the round table body to move up and down in the rotary outer cylinder; when the moving device drives the round table body to move upwards, the sliding support moves on the second sliding rail in a direction away from the center of the rotary outer cylinder, meanwhile, the convex block on the round table body slides downwards to the bottom end of the round table body along the first sliding rail, and the convex block penetrates through the orifice of the rotary outer cylinder to extend into the bayonet of the straight bevel gear II so as to fixedly connect the round table body, the rotary outer cylinder and the straight bevel gear II together; when the moving device drives the round table body to move downwards, the sliding support moves on the second sliding rail towards the direction close to the center of the rotary outer cylinder, and meanwhile, the protruding blocks on the round table body slide to the top end of the round table body along the first sliding rail.
Preferably, the moving device comprises a raised line, a moving gear, a moving rod, a fixed table, a bolt, tooth grooves, grooves and guardrails, wherein two raised lines are symmetrically arranged on the outer surface of the moving rod, the two raised lines are arranged along the direction parallel to the axis of the moving rod, and a plurality of tooth grooves are formed in the moving rod along the length direction;
The fixed tables are fixed on the guardrails, the guardrails are fixedly connected to the top ends of the supporting cylinders, the two fixed tables are provided with two semicircular grooves, the arc tops of the semicircular grooves are provided with grooves, the two fixed tables are fixedly connected together through bolts and enclose to form a vertical circular through groove, the movable rods are slidably clamped in the grooves through the convex strips, the movable rods are connected in the circular through groove, one fixed table is provided with a through groove along the direction perpendicular to the movable rods, the through groove is provided with a movable gear, the movable gear is connected to an output shaft of the servo motor, and the movable gear is meshed with a tooth groove on the movable rods; the lower end of the movable rod is sleeved on the inner ring of the second rotary bearing, and the outer ring of the second rotary bearing is connected with a circular turntable fixedly connected to the top end of the circular truncated cone.
Further preferably, a water level detection and electric device is arranged in the upstream grading tank, the water level detection and electric device comprises a liquid level sensor, an input waterproof insulation wire, a single chip microcomputer, an output waterproof insulation wire I, an output waterproof insulation wire II, a main motor and a servo motor, the liquid level sensor is vertically arranged in the upstream grading tank, the input end of the single chip microcomputer is connected with the liquid level sensor through the input waterproof insulation wire, the output end of the single chip microcomputer is connected with the main motor through the output waterproof insulation wire I, the output end of the single chip microcomputer is connected with the servo motor through the output waterproof insulation wire II, and the single chip microcomputer is arranged in the supporting cylinder.
As a preferred embodiment, the liquid level sensor adopts an HM21F lightning protection liquid level transmitter, the singlechip adopts stm32F103VET6, the motor drive adopts BTN, and the main motor adopts a Direct Current (DC) gear motor.
Preferably, the connection mode of the round table body and the rotary outer cylinder is that the bottom end of the round table body is fixedly connected with a carrier, and the outer side wall of the carrier is provided with a boss which is arranged in a cross shape; the inner wall of the rotary outer cylinder is integrally connected with four fixing blocks, the four fixing blocks are in cross-shaped arrangement, each fixing block is provided with a vertical sliding groove, the boss is correspondingly arranged with the fixing block, and the boss is slidably arranged in the sliding groove of the fixing block.
Preferably, the upper end of the inner cylinder is of a flared structure with an opening outwards, and the angle of the flared outlet is slightly inclined below the horizontal line, so that fish can conveniently fall into the upstream classification pool from the downstream classification pool through the inner cylinder.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
The invention adopts the double-layer reverse spiral structure to enable the fish to migrate by means of the lift force of the fishway, does not need to consider the favorite flow rate of the fish, is clean and energy-saving, is beneficial to the transportation and exchange of upstream and downstream organic matters, can attract the fish shoal to approach the fishway by residual water, and can automatically start the motor to operate when the upstream water head is insufficient.
The grading fishway can control the upper limit and the lower limit of the upstream water level in a monitoring mode through the water level detection device, automatically realize the switching between automatic fish conveying and electric driving fish conveying, and ensure the normal use of the fishway. The device reduces the occupied area of the fishway, is easy to assemble and maintain, and solves the problem of difficult migration of fish.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the overall structure of a graded fishway;
FIG. 2 shows the structure of an upstream classification pool;
FIG. 3 shows a spiral configuration and the configuration of the fixation device;
FIG. 4 shows the structure of the upper end of the spiral structure;
FIG. 5 shows the structure of the lower end of the spiral structure;
Fig. 6 shows the connection of the structure when the cone moves up and down, wherein 6a shows the structure after the cone moves down, wherein the protruding block does not extend out of the rotary outer cylinder, and 6b shows the structure after the cone moves up, wherein the protruding block extends out of the rotary outer cylinder and is fixed with the straight bevel gear II;
FIG. 7 is a connecting structure of the second slide rail and the slide bracket;
FIG. 8 shows the connection of the bump to the rotating outer cylinder, where the bump in 8a is not connected to the rotating outer cylinder and the bump in 8b extends out of the rotating outer cylinder;
Fig. 9 shows a structure that the bump slides up and down on the first sliding rail of the circular truncated cone, wherein the bump in 9a is located at the top end of the first sliding rail, and the bump in 9b is located at the bottom end of the first sliding rail;
FIG. 10 shows the connection of the boss to the fixed block on the carrier;
FIG. 11 shows an exploded view configuration of a mobile device;
FIG. 12 shows the operation principle of the water level detection and electric device;
FIG. 13 shows the connection between the bump top and the annular suspension stage;
fig. 14 shows the structure after the slide bracket connects the cam with the annular hanging table.
In the figure: 10-spiral structure, 11-inner cylinder, 12-outer cylinder, 13-outer spiral blade, 14-inner spiral blade, 15-bell mouth, 16-rotation shaft, 21-rotation bearing I, 22-fixed rod, 23-support cylinder, 24-straight bevel gear I, 25-straight bevel gear II, 251-tray, 252-round table body, 253-carrier, 254-boss, 2551-bump, 2552-slide table, 2553-second slide rail, 2554-bayonet, 2555-orifice, 2556-round turntable, 2557-annular hanging table, 2558-first slide rail, 2559-fixed slot, 256-fixed block, 257-gap, 258-cavity, 259-pressure bearing, 26-supporting table, 27-moving device, 2701-raised strip, 2702-moving rod, 2703-tooth slot, 2704-gear, 2705-fixed table, 2706-bolt, 2707-groove, 2708-guard rail, 2709-rotating bearing II, 28-rotating outer cylinder, 30-trash rack, 40-water port, 50-overflow port, 60-water level detection and electric device, 61-liquid level sensor, 62-singlechip, 63-main motor, 631-output shaft, 632-gear, 64-waterproof insulated wire, 6401-output waterproof insulated wire I, 6402-output waterproof insulated wire II, 65-servo motor, 70-partition wall and 80-classification pool.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the double-layer reverse spiral grading fishway is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments, are illustrative of the present invention and not limiting of the present invention, and any simple modifications of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 9, a double-layer reverse spiral type grading fishway includes a plurality of grading ponds 80 sequentially arranged according to the water flow direction, wherein adjacent upstream grading ponds and downstream grading ponds are separated by a partition wall 70, and the height of the partition wall decreases sequentially according to the water flow direction.
The installation elevation of the fishway is designed according to the hydrologic data of the fish migration season, the installation inclination angle is preferably 30-40 degrees, and the automatic fish conveying without additional power is realized to the greatest extent.
A spiral structure 10 is arranged between the upstream classifying pool and the downstream classifying pool, the upper end of the spiral structure is supported on a fixing device through a fixing rod 22, the fixing device is arranged in the upstream classifying pool, and the lower end of the spiral structure is supported in the downstream classifying pool through the fixing rod 22; the spiral structure 10 comprises an inner cylinder 11, an outer cylinder 12, an outer spiral blade 13, an inner spiral blade 14 and a rotating shaft 16, wherein the upper end of the rotating shaft 16 is rotationally connected with a fixed rod of an upstream classifying pool through a first rotating bearing 21, and the lower end of the rotating shaft 16 is rotationally connected with a fixed rod of a downstream classifying pool through a first rotating bearing 21; the inner spiral blade is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, the inner cylinder is fixedly connected to the inner spiral blade, the outer spiral blade is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the inner cylinder, the outer cylinder is fixedly connected to the outer spiral blade, the inner spiral blade and the outer spiral blade are opposite in rotation direction, two ends of the inner cylinder extend out of the outer cylinder, and the lower end of the inner cylinder is immersed in water.
The ratio of the diameter of the rotating shaft, the diameter of the inner helical blade to the diameter of the outer helical blade is selected to be 1:4:6. the number of the blade heads of the outer spiral blade is 3, namely, the blades are arranged in a group at 120 degrees intervals, the number of the blade heads of the inner spiral blade is 2, namely, the blades are arranged in a group at 180 degrees intervals, and the blades are all staggered.
The partition wall is provided with a water through hole 40, the water through hole extends outwards to the upper end of the outer barrel, water in the upstream classifying pool flows into the outer barrel through the water through hole, water flow impacts the outer helical blade to drive the inner barrel, the inner helical blade and the rotating shaft to rotate together, water in the downstream classifying pool flows into the upstream classifying pool through the inner barrel under the action of the inner helical blade, fish in the downstream classifying pool enters the inner barrel from the lower end of the inner barrel, and enters the upstream classifying pool from the upper end of the inner barrel along with the rotation of the inner helical blade, so that water in the upstream classifying pool and the downstream classifying pool are circularly exchanged, and the transportation and the exchange of upstream and downstream organic matters are realized.
In the embodiment, the stainless steel trash rack 30 is arranged at the water port, so that impurities in water can be filtered, and the trash rack is prevented from entering the outer barrel and being wound with the spiral blade.
In this embodiment, the overflow port 50 is provided on the side wall of the classifying pool, and the height of the overflow port of each classifying pool can be set to control the highest water level of each classifying pool, and the redundant water directly flows to the downstream classifying pool.
In this embodiment, the upper end of the inner cylinder is designed into a flared mouth 15 with an opening facing outwards, and the angle at the outlet of the flared mouth is slightly inclined below the horizontal line, so that fish can fall into the upstream classification pool from the downstream classification pool through the inner cylinder.
In order to prevent the defect of the upstream water head, namely that the water level in the upstream classifying pool is not high enough to flow into the outer cylinder through the water port 40 and drive the outer spiral blade to rotate, a straight bevel gear I24 is sleeved on the rotating shaft, a straight bevel gear II 25 is arranged on the fixing device and meshed with the straight bevel gear I, the straight bevel gear II is driven to rotate by a main motor arranged on the fixing device to drive the straight bevel gear I to rotate with the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft drives the inner spiral blade to rotate, and water in the downstream classifying pool is pumped into the upstream classifying pool to supplement the water level in the upstream classifying pool.
Specifically, the fixing device comprises a supporting cylinder 23, a supporting table 26 is fixedly arranged in the supporting cylinder, a main motor is arranged on the supporting table, an output shaft 631 of the main motor 63 is upwards arranged and parallel to the central line of the supporting cylinder, a gear 632 is connected to the output shaft, a rotary outer cylinder 28 is arranged above the main motor, a gap 257 is formed between the bottom of the rotary outer cylinder 28 and the main motor, an upward protruding cavity 258 is formed in the bottom end of the rotary outer cylinder, tooth grooves are formed in the inner wall of the cavity, a gear on the output shaft of the main motor is positioned in the cavity and meshed with the tooth grooves of the cavity, the motor drives the rotary outer cylinder to rotate, a tray 251 is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the rotary outer cylinder, a straight bevel gear 25 is fixedly sleeved on the outer side wall of the rotary outer cylinder and is supported on the tray, and the main motor drives the rotary outer cylinder and the straight bevel gear 25 to rotate together.
In order to prevent the rotary outer cylinder from shaking when rotating and to relieve the pressure on the output shaft of the main motor, a pressure bearing 259 is sleeved on the output shaft of the main motor, and the pressure bearing is positioned in a gap between the bottom of the rotary outer cylinder and the main motor.
In order to automatically detect the upstream water level, a water level detection and electric device 60 is arranged in the upstream classification pool, a main motor can be automatically started when the upstream water level is insufficient, a circular table body 252 is arranged in the rotary outer cylinder, the bottom end of the circular table body is fixedly connected with a carrier 253, and the outer side wall of the carrier is provided with a boss 254 which is arranged in a cross shape; four fixing blocks 256 are integrally connected to the inner wall of the rotary outer cylinder, the four fixing blocks are arranged in a cross shape, each fixing block is provided with a vertical sliding groove, a boss is arranged corresponding to the fixing block, and the boss is arranged in the sliding groove of the fixing block in a sliding manner, as shown in fig. 10; the outer surface of the truncated cone is provided with a plurality of first sliding rails 2558, all the first sliding rails are radially distributed when being observed downwards along the axis direction of the truncated cone, each sliding rail is slidably connected with a convex block 2551, the top of each convex block is provided with a fixed groove 2559, as shown in fig. 9, 13 and 14, a bayonet 2554 is formed on a straight bevel gear II, and an orifice 2555 is formed on the side wall of a rotary outer cylinder connected with the straight bevel gear II; a plurality of annular hanging tables 2557 are fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the rotary outer cylinder above the orifice, a plurality of second sliding rails 2553 are connected to the annular hanging tables in a sliding mode, sliding supports 2552 are connected to the second sliding rails in a sliding mode, the sliding supports are connected to the tops of the protruding blocks, and the moving device can drive the round table body to move up and down in the rotary outer cylinder; when the moving device drives the round table body to move upwards, the sliding support moves on the second sliding rail in a direction away from the center of the rotary outer cylinder, meanwhile, the convex block on the round table body slides downwards to the bottom end of the round table body along the first sliding rail, and the convex block penetrates through the orifice of the rotary outer cylinder to extend into the bayonet of the straight bevel gear II so as to fixedly connect the round table body, the rotary outer cylinder and the straight bevel gear II together; when the moving device drives the round table body to move downwards, the sliding support moves on the second sliding rail towards the direction close to the center of the rotary outer cylinder, and meanwhile, the protruding blocks on the round table body slide to the top end of the round table body along the first sliding rail.
As shown in fig. 7, 13 and 14, the top of the bump is fixedly connected with a fixing groove 2559, the lower end of the sliding support 1552 is clamped in a sliding groove of the fixing groove, the upper end of the sliding support is slidably connected in a second sliding rail 2553, the second sliding rail is fixedly connected in a sliding groove of an annular hanging table 2557, and the outer edge of the annular hanging table is fixedly connected in the inner wall of the rotary outer cylinder.
As shown in fig. 11, the moving device 27 includes a protruding strip 2701, a moving gear 2704, a moving rod 2702, a fixed table 2705, a latch 2706, a tooth slot 2703, a groove 2707 and a guard rail 2708, wherein two protruding strips are symmetrically arranged on the outer surface of the moving rod, the two protruding strips are arranged along a direction parallel to the axis of the moving rod, and a plurality of tooth slots are arranged on the moving rod along the length direction;
The fixed tables are fixed on the guard rail 2708, the guard rail 2708 is fixedly connected to the top end of the supporting cylinder 23, the two fixed tables 2705 are provided with two semicircular grooves, the arc top of each semicircular groove is provided with a groove, the two fixed tables are fixedly connected together through bolts and enclose to form a vertical circular through groove, the two fixed tables are slidably clamped in the grooves through convex strips, the movable rod is connected in the circular through groove, one fixed table is provided with the through groove along the direction perpendicular to the movable rod, the through groove is provided with a movable gear, the movable gear is connected to the output shaft of the servo motor 65, and the movable gear is meshed with a tooth groove on the movable rod; the lower extreme cover of movable rod is established on the inner race of rolling bearing two 2709, and rolling bearing two's outer lane links to each other with the circular carousel 2556 that links firmly on the round platform body top, and rolling bearing two has guaranteed that mobile device is connected with the round platform body with circular carousel to drive the round platform body and reciprocate, guaranteed that mobile device can not influence the rotation of round platform body again.
The water level detection and electric device 60 comprises a liquid level sensor 61, an input waterproof insulated wire 64, a single chip microcomputer 62, an output waterproof insulated wire I6401, an output waterproof insulated wire II 6402, a main motor 63 and a servo motor 65, wherein the liquid level sensor 61 is vertically arranged in an upstream grading tank 80, the input end of the single chip microcomputer is connected with the liquid level sensor 61 through the input waterproof insulated wire 64, the output end of the single chip microcomputer is connected with the main motor through the output waterproof insulated wire I6401, the output end of the single chip microcomputer is connected with the servo motor through the output waterproof insulated wire II 6402, and the single chip microcomputer is arranged in a supporting cylinder.
As shown in fig. 12, the liquid level sensor adopts an HM21F lightning protection liquid level transmitter, the detection end of the liquid level sensor is located below the water surface, the liquid level sensor 61 detects the water level in the upstream classification pool in real time, the liquid level sensor 61 transmits the voltage value under the corresponding water level to the singlechip 62 through the waterproof insulated wire 64, and the singlechip 62 compares the voltage value transmitted by the liquid level sensor 61 in real time.
The singlechip adopts stm32F103VET6, the motor drive adopts BTN, and the main motor adopts direct current gear motor. The liquid level sensor is vertically arranged in the classifying pool, the waterproof insulated wire connects the input end of the singlechip with the liquid level sensor, and the output end of the waterproof insulated wire is respectively connected with two motor drives through two waterproof insulated wires to control the opening and closing of the main motor and the servo motor.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the water in the upstream classifying pool flows down through the trash rack and the water port through the outer spiral blade, the water port extends outwards to the upper end of the outer barrel, the water in the upstream classifying pool flows into the outer barrel through the water port, the water flow impacts the outer spiral blade to drive the inner barrel, the inner spiral blade and the rotating shaft to rotate together, the water in the downstream classifying pool flows into the upstream classifying pool through the inner barrel under the action of the inner spiral blade, fish in the downstream classifying pool enters the inner barrel from the lower end of the inner barrel, and enters the upstream classifying pool from the upper end of the inner barrel along with the rotation of the inner spiral blade, so that the water in the upstream classifying pool and the downstream classifying pool is circularly exchanged, and the transportation and the exchange of the upstream organic matters and the downstream organic matters are realized.
When the liquid level sensor 61 detects that the water level value of the upstream grading pond is not high, the single chip microcomputer 62 starts the servo motor 65, the servo motor drives the movable gear to rotate, the movable rod 2702 ascends along the groove 2707 and drives the round table body to move upwards in the sliding rail of the fixed block, along with the continued upward movement of the round table body, the round table body pushes the sliding support to move on the second sliding rail, meanwhile, the lug on the round table body slides downwards to the bottom end of the round table body along the first sliding rail, and the lug penetrates through the orifice of the rotary outer cylinder to extend into the bayonet of the straight bevel gear II, the round table body, the rotary outer cylinder and the straight bevel gear II are fixedly connected together, as shown in fig. 6 and 8, the servo motor stops rotating, the main motor starts, the rotary outer cylinder, the straight bevel gear II and the round table body rotate together under the action of the main motor, and the straight bevel gear I also meshes to rotate, so that the fishway works normally.
When the liquid level sensor 61 detects that the water level value is enough to enable the spiral structure 10 to rotate, the main motor 63 stops working, the servo motor 65 reverses to drive the moving rod to move downwards, the round table body moves downwards along the sliding rail of the fixed block, the convex block on the round table body moves upwards along the first sliding rail, meanwhile, the convex block retracts from the bayonet and the orifice, and the servo motor stops rotating until the boss on the round table body descends to the bottom of the sliding rail.
When the upstream water head is insufficient, namely the water level in the upstream classifying pool is not high enough to flow into the outer cylinder through the water through hole 40 and drive the outer spiral blade to rotate, the water level value is stored in the singlechip through a program; meanwhile, when the upstream water head is enough, the water level value is stored in the singlechip through a program. The program is stored in the singlechip: the time between the start and stop of the servo motor; the control of the rotor reversal of the servo motor, namely the on-off control of a double-pole double-throw switch circuit; the time coordination of the work and the stop of the driving of the two motors, namely the design of a delay circuit.
The design of the grading fishway utilizes the principle of a screw pump, adopts an automatic and electric combined fishway operation mode, ensures that fishes migrate by means of the lifting force of the fishway, timely feeds back the water level condition to determine whether to start the motor, is clean and energy-saving, is convenient to assemble and maintain, has high fish passing efficiency, is beneficial to the transportation and exchange of upstream and downstream organic matters, and solves the problem of difficult migration of fishes.
The non-illustrated portions referred to in the present invention are the same as or implemented using the prior art.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a full automatization classifying fishway which characterized in that: the device comprises multistage classifying tanks which are sequentially arranged according to the water flow direction, wherein the adjacent upstream classifying tanks and downstream classifying tanks are separated by partition walls, and the heights of the partition walls are sequentially decreased along with the water flow direction;
a spiral structure is arranged between the upstream classifying pool and the downstream classifying pool, the upper end of the spiral structure is supported on a fixing device through a fixing rod, the fixing device is arranged in the upstream classifying pool, and the lower end of the spiral structure is supported in the downstream classifying pool through the fixing rod;
the spiral structure comprises an inner cylinder, an outer spiral blade, an inner spiral blade and a rotating shaft, wherein the upper end of the rotating shaft is rotationally connected with a fixed rod of an upstream classifying pool through a first rotating bearing, and the lower end of the rotating shaft is rotationally connected with a fixed rod of a downstream classifying pool through a first rotating bearing; the inner spiral blade is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, the inner cylinder is fixedly connected to the inner spiral blade, the outer spiral blade is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the inner cylinder, the outer cylinder is fixedly connected to the outer spiral blade, the inner spiral blade and the outer spiral blade are opposite in rotation direction, two ends of the inner cylinder extend out of the outer cylinder, and the lower end of the inner cylinder is immersed in water;
The partition wall is provided with a water port, the water port extends outwards to the upper end of the outer cylinder, water in the upstream classifying pool flows into the outer cylinder through the water port, the water flow impacts the outer spiral blade to drive the inner cylinder, the inner spiral blade and the rotating shaft to rotate together, water in the downstream classifying pool flows into the upstream classifying pool through the inner cylinder under the action of the inner spiral blade, fish in the downstream classifying pool enters the inner cylinder from the lower end of the inner cylinder and enters the upstream classifying pool from the upper end of the inner cylinder;
the upper end of the rotating shaft is sleeved with a straight bevel gear I, a straight bevel gear II is arranged on the fixing device, the straight bevel gear I is meshed with the straight bevel gear II, and the straight bevel gear II is driven to rotate by a main motor arranged on the fixing device;
The fixing device comprises a supporting cylinder, a supporting table is fixedly arranged in the supporting cylinder, a main motor is arranged on the supporting table, an output shaft of the main motor is upwards arranged and parallel to the central line of the supporting cylinder, a gear is connected to the output shaft, a rotary outer cylinder is arranged above the main motor, a gap is formed between the bottom of the rotary outer cylinder and the main motor, a cavity protruding upwards is formed in the bottom end of the rotary outer cylinder, a tooth slot is formed in the inner wall of the cavity, the gear on the output shaft of the main motor is positioned in the cavity, the gear is meshed with the tooth slot of the cavity, the motor drives the rotary outer cylinder to rotate, a tray is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the rotary outer cylinder, a straight bevel gear II is fixedly sleeved on the outer side wall of the rotary outer cylinder and supported on the tray, and the main motor drives the rotary outer cylinder and the straight bevel gear II to rotate together;
The pressure bearing is sleeved on the output shaft of the main motor and is positioned in a gap between the bottom of the rotary outer cylinder and the main motor;
A round platform body is arranged in the rotary outer barrel, a plurality of first sliding rails are arranged on the outer surface of the round platform body, all the first sliding rails are distributed in a radial manner when being observed downwards along the axis direction of the round platform body, and each sliding rail is connected with a lug in a sliding manner; the second straight bevel gear is provided with a bayonet, and the side wall of the rotary outer cylinder connected with the second straight bevel gear is provided with an orifice; a plurality of annular hanging tables are fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the rotary outer cylinder above the orifice, the annular hanging tables are arranged at positions close to the orifice, a plurality of second sliding rails are connected to the annular hanging tables, sliding supports are connected to the second sliding rails in a sliding manner, and the sliding supports are connected with the tops of the protruding blocks;
The top end of the round table body is rotationally connected with a moving device, and the moving device can drive the round table body to move up and down in the rotary outer cylinder; when the moving device drives the round table body to move upwards, the sliding support moves on the second sliding rail in a direction away from the center of the rotary outer cylinder, meanwhile, the convex block on the round table body slides downwards to the bottom end of the round table body along the first sliding rail, and the convex block penetrates through the orifice of the rotary outer cylinder to extend into the bayonet of the straight bevel gear II so as to fixedly connect the round table body, the rotary outer cylinder and the straight bevel gear II together; when the moving device drives the round table body to move downwards, the sliding support moves on the second sliding rail towards the direction close to the center of the rotary outer cylinder, and meanwhile, the protruding blocks on the round table body slide to the top end of the round table body along the first sliding rail.
2. The fully automated graded fishway of claim 1 wherein: the moving device comprises a raised line, a moving gear, a moving rod, a fixed table, a bolt, tooth grooves, grooves and guardrails, wherein two raised lines are symmetrically arranged on the outer surface of the moving rod, the two raised lines are arranged along the direction parallel to the axis of the moving rod, and a plurality of tooth grooves are formed in the moving rod along the length direction;
The fixed tables are fixed on the guardrails, the guardrails are fixedly connected to the top ends of the supporting cylinders, the two fixed tables are provided with two semicircular grooves, the arc tops of the semicircular grooves are provided with grooves, the two fixed tables are fixedly connected together through bolts and enclose to form a vertical circular through groove, the movable rods are slidably clamped in the grooves through the convex strips, the movable rods are connected in the circular through groove, one fixed table is provided with a through groove along the direction perpendicular to the movable rods, the through groove is provided with a movable gear, the movable gear is connected to an output shaft of the servo motor, and the movable gear is meshed with a tooth groove on the movable rods; the lower end of the movable rod is sleeved on the inner ring of the second rotary bearing, and the outer ring of the second rotary bearing is connected with a circular turntable fixedly connected to the top end of the circular truncated cone.
3. The fully automated graded fishway of claim 2 wherein: the water level detection and electric device is arranged in the upstream grading pond and comprises a liquid level sensor, an input waterproof insulating wire, a single chip microcomputer, an output waterproof insulating wire I, an output waterproof insulating wire II, a main motor and a servo motor, wherein the liquid level sensor is vertically arranged in the upstream grading pond, the input end of the single chip microcomputer is connected with the liquid level sensor through the input waterproof insulating wire I, the output end of the single chip microcomputer is connected with the main motor through the output waterproof insulating wire I, the output end of the single chip microcomputer is connected with the servo motor through the output waterproof insulating wire II, and the single chip microcomputer is arranged in a supporting cylinder.
4. A fully automated graded fishway as claimed in claim 3 wherein: the liquid level sensor adopts an HM21F lightning protection liquid level transmitter, the singlechip adopts stm32F103VET6, the motor drive adopts BTN, and the main motor adopts a direct current gear motor.
5. The fully automated graded fishway of claim 1 wherein: the bottom end of the circular truncated cone is fixedly connected with a carrier, and the outer side wall of the carrier is provided with a boss which is arranged in a cross shape; the inner wall of the rotary outer cylinder is integrally connected with four fixing blocks, the four fixing blocks are in cross-shaped arrangement, each fixing block is provided with a vertical sliding groove, the boss is correspondingly arranged with the fixing block, and the boss is slidably arranged in the sliding groove of the fixing block.
6. The fully automated graded fishway of claim 1 wherein: the upper end of the inner cylinder is of a horn mouth structure with an outward opening.
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| CN202010107026.1A CN111287155B (en) | 2020-02-21 | 2020-02-21 | Full-automatic grading fishway |
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| CN202010107026.1A CN111287155B (en) | 2020-02-21 | 2020-02-21 | Full-automatic grading fishway |
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| CN112088820B (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2022-11-11 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Live fish sorting device and sorting method thereof |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH03151408A (en) * | 1989-11-06 | 1991-06-27 | Nagasaki Pref Gov | Automatic swing fishway |
| KR200254598Y1 (en) * | 2001-07-25 | 2001-12-01 | 장태선 | Water-driven Watergate Device for Fishway Piping System |
| CN204112294U (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2015-01-21 | 陈嘉玉 | Dual channel formula flow velocity controlled ecological fish pass |
| CN211849320U (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2020-11-03 | 河海大学 | Double-layer reverse-spiral grading fishway |
-
2020
- 2020-02-21 CN CN202010107026.1A patent/CN111287155B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH03151408A (en) * | 1989-11-06 | 1991-06-27 | Nagasaki Pref Gov | Automatic swing fishway |
| KR200254598Y1 (en) * | 2001-07-25 | 2001-12-01 | 장태선 | Water-driven Watergate Device for Fishway Piping System |
| CN204112294U (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2015-01-21 | 陈嘉玉 | Dual channel formula flow velocity controlled ecological fish pass |
| CN211849320U (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2020-11-03 | 河海大学 | Double-layer reverse-spiral grading fishway |
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