CN111286079A - Preparation method of radar wave absorption composite material with infrared stealth function - Google Patents

Preparation method of radar wave absorption composite material with infrared stealth function Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111286079A
CN111286079A CN201810853857.6A CN201810853857A CN111286079A CN 111286079 A CN111286079 A CN 111286079A CN 201810853857 A CN201810853857 A CN 201810853857A CN 111286079 A CN111286079 A CN 111286079A
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China
Prior art keywords
leather
foam
pcm
base material
metal
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CN201810853857.6A
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黄鑫
王晓玲
王亚平
柯乐
石碧
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Sichuan University
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Sichuan University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/36After-treatment
    • C08J9/40Impregnation
    • C08J9/42Impregnation with macromolecular compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C14SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
    • C14CCHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
    • C14C13/00Manufacture of special kinds or leather, e.g. vellum
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2483/00Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2483/04Polysiloxanes

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a radar wave absorption composite material with infrared stealth, which comprises the steps of preparing a composite (BM-M) with absorption performance loaded on a base material by utilizing a chemical reaction between the base material and metal ions, and then loading and storing a Phase Change Material (PCM) by utilizing the hydrophobicity and the porous structure characteristics of the base material to prepare a product BM-M/PCM. The composite material prepared by the invention has the characteristics of softness and high mechanical strength, so that the radar wave stealth and infrared stealth compatible leather prepared by taking leather as a base material has the characteristics of being bendable and wearable.

Description

Preparation method of radar wave absorption composite material with infrared stealth function
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the research field of functional materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a radar wave absorption composite material with infrared stealth.
Background
The multifunctional stealth material has wide application prospect in the military field. The double stealth material with both radar stealth and infrared stealth has great significance in the aspects of important military target protection, individual combat and the like. However, radar stealth is based on an absorption principle, that is, radar waves are absorbed to reduce the reflection of radar waves from the surface of a target, so that radar stealth is realized, and infrared stealth is realized mainly by increasing the reflectivity of the surface of an object and utilizing the principle of reflecting infrared rays. The contradiction of radar stealth and infrared stealth in the realization principle makes the preparation of radar and infrared double stealth materials extremely challenging.
At present, radar and infrared double stealth materials are mainly prepared at home and abroad by adopting a multilayer coating mode, namely, a layer of infrared stealth coating is coated on the surface of a radar wave absorption coating. The radar wave absorbing coating is mainly formed by mixing metal powder (metal particles, alloy powder, ferrite powder, carbon black, conductive fibers and the like) with wave absorbing property with resin (polyurethane, polyacrylic acid, epoxy resin, organic silicon resin and the like) and coating the mixture on a target, and the infrared stealth coating is formed by mixing metal powder with high infrared reflection property, particularly flake silver powder, flake copper powder, flake aluminum powder and the like with resin (polyurethane, polyacrylic acid, epoxy resin, polyamide resin and the like) and coating the mixture on the surface of the wave absorbing coating. The metal powder of the infrared coating can cause larger reflectivity to radar waves, so that the radar waves cannot enter the radar wave absorption layer, are lost and are reflected back, and the compatibility of the radar waves is influenced. Therefore, the coating type double stealth material has strict requirements on the thickness of the infrared stealth coating and the amount of metal powder, and the infrared stealth effect needs to be improved urgently.
In summary, the conventional double stealth materials realize infrared stealth by improving the reflectivity of the materials, which is contradictory to the principle of radar stealth. Therefore, if the infrared stealth and radar stealth performance can be realized together by adopting an absorption rather than reflection mode, the radar wave absorption material with both infrared stealth and radar stealth can be prepared.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims at the problems and prepares the radar wave absorption composite material which is based on the absorption principle and can have infrared stealth. The leather is characterized in that natural leather or foam made of skins of livestock is used as a base material, metal particles with radar wave absorption performance and paraffin with phase change heat absorption capacity are loaded, the leather is endowed with radar stealth performance and infrared stealth performance, and the leather has the characteristics of being bendable and wearable.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a radar wave absorption composite material with infrared stealth comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a base material composite (BM-M) in which a base material supports metal particles having an absorption property, by using a chemical reaction between the base material and metal ions;
(2) and loading the phase change material on a substrate to prepare the product substrate-metal ion/phase change material.
Further, the chemical reaction between the substrate and the metal ions is either of the following two methods:
(1) reacting a base material with metal ions under the mechanical action, and then adding a reducing agent to reduce the metal ions into nano particles;
(2) after the substrate and the plant polyphenol react under the mechanical action, metal ions are added for continuous reaction, and finally, a reducing agent is added to reduce the metal ions into nano particles.
Furthermore, the dosage of the metal ions is 5-30% of the mass of the base material.
Further, the substrate is one of leather or foam.
Further, when the base material is leather, the phase-change material loaded on the leather is prepared by the following method: and dehydrating the prepared leather-M in an absolute ethyl alcohol solution, and then adding a phase-change material for physical adsorption to prepare the leather-metal ion/phase-change material composite material (leather-M/PCM).
Further, the metal ions are silver ions.
Further, the reducing agent is sodium borohydride NaBH4
Further, the leather is powder collagen fiber prepared by removing non-collagen matrix from livestock animal skin or leftover materials according to a tanning pretreatment process, or a commercially available leather commodity or semi-finished product mainly comprising collagen fiber.
Further, when the base material is foam, the foam is added into the myricetin solution for adsorption reaction, then the metal ion solution is added for continuous adsorption reaction, and finally the reducing agent reduces the metal ions to prepare an intermediate product foam-M. And soaking the product in a PDMS solution (5 wt%, dodecane as a solvent) for 0.5h, drying the belt, adding a phase-change material, and finally cooling to obtain the foam-metal ion/phase-change material composite material (foam-M/PCM).
Therefore, compared with the composite material compatible with radar wave stealth and infrared stealth coating, the radar wave stealth leather (MISL) with infrared stealth prepared by using leather as a base material has the following advantages:
1. the MISL does not have a strong reflection coating, so that the problem of reflection of radar waves by an infrared coating is avoided;
2. the MISL has a unique multistage fiber weaving structure, has strong multistage diffuse reflection and scattering characteristics on incident radar waves, can enhance the multistage diffuse reflection and scattering loss of the nano metal particles on the radar waves, and realizes radar wave stealth;
3. the leather is formed by highly weaving leather collagen fibers, and the collagen fibers are fibers with various active groups (-COOH, -OH, -NH)2、-CONH2and-CONH-, etc.), which can undergo various chemical reactions with plant polyphenols and metal ions, and thus it is known that, when leather is used as a base material to prepare a radar wave absorbing material, the active groups of the collagen fibers or the collagen fibers modified with plant polyphenols provide a chemical basis for supporting metal particles thereof and the metal particles can be uniformly dispersed;
4. the natural leather substrate has poor heat conductivity, at least 12% of water is contained in the natural leather substrate, and the specific heat capacity of the water is large, so when the infrared stealth material prepared by taking the natural leather as the substrate covers a high-temperature object, the natural leather blocks a large amount of heat radiated and convected by the high-temperature object, and the temperature of the body of the natural leather does not rise obviously, thereby effectively reducing the infrared heat radiation intensity of the high-temperature object and realizing the infrared stealth effect of the high-temperature object;
5. the nano metal particles are metal particles with low reflectivity, and when the nano metal particles are loaded in the CF, the infrared emissivity of the MISL can be effectively reduced, the infrared radiation intensity of the MISL is reduced, and the infrared stealth performance of the MISL is enhanced;
6. although the MISL absorbs infrared light waves incident to the MISL, the phase change material PCM inside the MISL can absorb a large amount of heat through phase change, so that the temperature change of the MISL is delayed, and even if the MISL absorbs a large amount of infrared radiation light, the temperature change of the MISL is slow or even constant, and infrared stealth is realized;
7. when the MISL covers the surface of the high-temperature target, the internal phase-change material can effectively absorb the heat conducted by the target through the phase-change process, so that the surface temperature of the target is further reduced, the infrared heat radiation energy of the target is reduced, and the infrared stealth effect is achieved;
8. the leather is mainly from skins of animals such as cattle, sheep, pigs and the like, is woven by collagen fibers, has the characteristic of high porosity, provides a good structural basis for adsorbing and storing the phase-change material due to a unique porous structure, and can adsorb and store a large amount of phase-change materials due to the fact that collagen molecules of the collagen fibers contain a large amount of hydrophobic areas, so that the phase-change materials can be effectively prevented from leaking after phase change;
9. the leather is mainly made of a solid material which is formed by highly weaving leather collagen fibers and has a multi-stage fiber structure, and has the characteristics of softness and high mechanical strength, so that the radar wave stealth leather which is prepared by taking the leather as a base material and has infrared stealth has the characteristics of being bendable and wearable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 leather-Ag prepared in example 15%A reflection loss RL performance diagram of radar waves under different thicknesses;
FIG. 2 leather-Ag prepared in example 210%A reflection loss RL performance diagram of radar waves under different thicknesses;
FIG. 3 leather-Ag prepared in example 330%A reflection loss RL performance diagram of radar waves under different thicknesses;
FIG. 4 leather-Ag prepared in example 420%SEM images (a, b) and TEM images (c, d) of/PCM, in which the inset is leather-Ag20%A Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) pattern for PCM nanofibers (d);
FIG. 5 leather-Ag prepared in example 420%a/PCM reflection loss RL performance graph of radar waves under different thicknesses;
FIG. 6 leather-Ag prepared in example 420%DSC plot of/PCM;
FIG. 7 measured radar wave reflection loss RL performance plot for foam-Ag/PCM prepared in example 5;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the surface IR temperature of the foam-Ag/PCM made in example 5 as a function of time when placed on a-40 ℃ hot plate.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described specifically by way of examples. It should be noted that the present embodiment is only used for further illustration of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Taking 100g of leather and 5g of nano silver ions, putting the leather and the 5g of nano silver ions into 100mL of secondary water, carrying out adsorption reaction under strong mechanical action force (stirring) at room temperature, and adding reducing agent sodium borohydride (molar ratio Ag) after 4h+:NaBH41:1), washing and drying to obtain the leather-Ag composite material with the nano silver particles loaded on the leather5%). As shown in FIG. 1, leather-Ag5%Has strong absorption effect on radar waves, wherein the maximum RL can reach-10 dB.
Example 2
Taking 100g of leather and 10g of nano silver ions, putting the leather and the nano silver ions into 100mL of secondary water, carrying out adsorption reaction under strong mechanical action force at room temperature, and adding reducing agent sodium borohydride (molar ratio Ag) after 4 hours+:NaBH41:1), washing and drying to obtain the leather-Ag composite material with the nano silver particles loaded on the leather10%). As shown in fig. 2leather-Ag10%Has strong absorption effect on radar waves, and the maximum RL can reach-22 dB.
Example 3
Taking 100g of leather and 30g of nano silver ions, putting the leather and the nano silver ions into 100mL of secondary water, carrying out adsorption reaction under strong mechanical action force at room temperature, and adding reducing agent sodium borohydride (molar ratio Ag) after 4 hours+:NaBH41:1), washing and drying to obtain the leather-Ag composite material with the nano silver particles loaded on the leather30%). As shown in FIG. 3, leather-Ag10%The maximum RL for radar waves can reach-17 dB. And passed the test at 0.77 outside the infrared emissivity of 8-14 μm.
Example 4
Taking 100g of leather and 20g of nano silver ions, putting the leather and the nano silver ions into 200mL of secondary water, carrying out adsorption reaction under strong mechanical action force at room temperature, and adding reducing agent sodium borohydride (molar ratio Ag) after 4 hours+:NaBH41:1) reducing silver ions, washing and drying to obtain the leather composite material (CF-Ag) loaded with nano silver particles20%). After dehydration with absolute ethyl alcohol, 30g of paraffin is added at 50 ℃, and the paraffin is uniformly permeated under strong mechanical action force to form the leather-metal ion/phase change material (leather-Ag)20%/PCM) composite material. As shown in FIG. 4, leather-Ag20%The PCM retains the original braided structure of the collagen fiber, and the PCM is uniformly and physically adsorbed on the leather-Ag20%The surface of the PCM nano fiber, and simultaneously, Ag nano particles are successfully loaded on leather-Ag20%Surface of PCM nanofibers. As can be seen from FIG. 5, leather-Ag20%The reflection loss value RL of the PCM to radar waves is as high as-39 dB. DSC measurement (FIG. 6), leather-Ag20%the/PCM has an endothermic peak at-31 ℃ and an exothermic peak at-23 ℃. Thus, when leather-Ag20%When covering the high-temperature target, the PCM can absorb a large amount of heat, slow down the rise of the self temperature, inhibit the infrared heat radiation intensity of the surface of the high-temperature target and achieve a good infrared stealth effect. And passed the test at 0.78 outside the infrared emissivity of 8-14 μm.
Example 5
Taking 210 × 20mm foam, dissolving 10g myricetin in 150mL secondary deionized water, adding 300mL absolute ethyl alcohol, uniformly mixing, pouring onto the foam, and squeezing the foam under the action of external force to completely absorb the foam. Then, 50mL of a second deionized water containing 23.59g of silver nitrate was poured onto the foam and the foam was squeezed under external force to be completely absorbed. Finally, 5.26g of sodium borohydride was dissolved in 50mL of secondary deionized water, inverted over the foam, and the foam was squeezed under the influence of external force to completely absorb the solution and dry. Thus obtaining the foam (foam-Ag) loaded with the silver nano particles. And soaking the obtained foam-Ag in 40mL of PDMS solution (5 wt% with dodecane as a solvent) for 0.5h, adding 40mL of paraffin liquid, and naturally cooling and solidifying to obtain the foam (foam-Ag/PCM) with radar wave absorption and infrared stealth performance. As shown in FIG. 7, the foam-Ag/PCM has good absorption loss performance to radar waves, and when the foam-Ag/PCM is placed on a high-temperature heat source (about 40 ℃), the surface temperature of the foam-Ag/PCM is still maintained at 14.4 ℃ and is far lower than the temperature of the heat source after 60min through observation by an infrared thermal imager (FIG. 8). Therefore, the foam-Ag/PCM can effectively inhibit the infrared heat radiation intensity of the heat source and realize infrared stealth of the heat source.

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method of a radar wave absorption composite material with infrared stealth is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, preparing a composite (BM-M) of a base material loaded with metal particles with absorption performance by utilizing a chemical reaction between the base material and metal ions;
and then continuously loading and storing the Phase Change Material (PCM) by utilizing the hydrophobicity and the porous structure characteristics of the base material, and finally preparing the product base material-metal particle/phase change material (BM-M/PCM).
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the chemical reaction between the substrate and the metal ion is any one of two methods:
(1) reacting a base material with metal ions under a mechanical action force, and then adding a reducing agent to reduce the metal ions into nano particles; or
(2) The base material reacts with plant polyphenol under mechanical action, then metal ions are added for continuous reaction, and finally a reducing agent is added to reduce the metal ions into nano particles.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the substrate is one of leather or foam.
4. The method of claims 1 to 3, wherein when the substrate is leather, the leather composite (leather-M) loaded with metal particles is dehydrated in an absolute ethanol solution, and then a Phase Change Material (PCM) is added for physical adsorption, thereby finally preparing the leather-metal ion/phase change material composite (leather-M/PCM).
5. A method for preparing according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that said Phase Change Material (PCM) is paraffin (P).
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the metal ion is used in an amount of 5 to 30% by mass based on the mass of the base material.
7. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 6, wherein the metal ion is silver ion.
8. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reducing agent is sodium borohydride NaBH4
9. The method according to claim 4, wherein the leather is a powdered collagen fiber obtained by removing non-collagenous substances from skins or scraps of livestock animals by a tanning pretreatment process, or a commercially available commercial or semi-finished leather product mainly comprising collagen fibers.
10. The method according to claim 3, wherein when the substrate is a foam, the foam is added into the myricetin solution to perform an adsorption reaction, then a metal ion solution is added to continue the adsorption reaction, and finally a reducing agent is used to reduce the metal ions to prepare an intermediate product loaded with a metal particle foam composite (foam-M) with absorption properties; and soaking the obtained composite in a PDMS solution (5 wt% with dodecane as a solvent) for 0.5h, drying, and adding a phase-change material to obtain the foam-metal ion/phase-change material composite (foam-M/PCM).
CN201810853857.6A 2018-07-30 2018-07-30 Preparation method of radar wave absorption composite material with infrared stealth function Pending CN111286079A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112095337A (en) * 2020-09-17 2020-12-18 四川大学 Preparation and application of emulsion separation functional fiber with underwater super-oleophobic property and underwater hydrophilic property
CN113321837A (en) * 2021-06-09 2021-08-31 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 Composite material integrating transient state, bearing and stealth as well as preparation method and application thereof
US11692796B1 (en) 2022-09-15 2023-07-04 Stealth Labs, LLC Omni-spectral thermal camouflage, signature mitigation and insulation apparatus, composition and system
US11774652B2 (en) 2022-01-14 2023-10-03 Stealth Labs, LLC Omni-spectral camouflage and thermoregulation composition

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112095337A (en) * 2020-09-17 2020-12-18 四川大学 Preparation and application of emulsion separation functional fiber with underwater super-oleophobic property and underwater hydrophilic property
CN112095337B (en) * 2020-09-17 2021-06-08 四川大学 Preparation and application of emulsion separation functional fiber with underwater super-oleophobic property and underwater hydrophilic property
CN113321837A (en) * 2021-06-09 2021-08-31 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 Composite material integrating transient state, bearing and stealth as well as preparation method and application thereof
CN113321837B (en) * 2021-06-09 2023-02-28 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 Composite material integrating transient state, bearing and stealth as well as preparation method and application thereof
US11774652B2 (en) 2022-01-14 2023-10-03 Stealth Labs, LLC Omni-spectral camouflage and thermoregulation composition
US11692796B1 (en) 2022-09-15 2023-07-04 Stealth Labs, LLC Omni-spectral thermal camouflage, signature mitigation and insulation apparatus, composition and system

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