CN111285542B - 一种培养单胞藻用刺参工厂化育苗尾水的处理工艺 - Google Patents
一种培养单胞藻用刺参工厂化育苗尾水的处理工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种培养单胞藻用刺参工厂化育苗尾水的处理工艺。步骤包括:实时收集刺参育苗排出的尾水;将双齿围沙蚕成虫饥饿处理72h,用3.0mg/L的聚维酮碘消毒10min后,将其以0.1kg/m3的量投放到刺参育苗排出的尾水中,期间充气培养,气量以沙蚕不浮头为准;消毒处理;中和处理;将枯草芽孢杆菌、酵母菌、乳酸菌以7:2:1的比例制成混合制剂,将所述混合制剂按照1.5g/m3的量投入所述中和处理后的水体中;静置抽取上清液,得到可用于单胞藻三级培养的水体。有益效果:将刺参育苗尾水再用于单胞藻培养,有效利用尾水余热,实现热能与水资源的循环利用;减轻尾水直接排放所致的滩涂与海域环境污染;不添加化肥等营养盐,减少对水产苗种的危害。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种培养单胞藻用刺参工厂化育苗尾水的处理工艺。
背景技术
刺参育苗时间为1月上旬~5月下旬。育苗期间海区(以山东烟台市海区为例)自然水温:1月上旬~5月下旬,自然海区水温0~20℃。海水育苗常用单细胞藻适宜温度:小新月菱形藻6~18℃,金藻15~25℃,扁藻15~25℃。1月上旬~5月下旬,培养上述饵料所用海水需要人工升温,消耗大量天然气、燃油、电等能源;而且刺参育苗产生的尾水,其中包含的大量有机质及悬浮颗粒等,直接排放入海,会污染水域环境,加剧近海水域富营养化;传统的化肥培养的单胞藻投喂水产苗种时常有化肥残留,影响苗种健康并造成质量安全隐患。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术的不足,本申请提供一种培养单胞藻用刺参工厂化育苗尾水的处理工艺。该工艺处理的尾水营养均衡,有利于单胞藻生长繁殖。
一种培养单胞藻用刺参工厂化育苗尾水的处理工艺,步骤包括:
(1)实时收集刺参育苗排出的尾水;将双齿围沙蚕成虫饥饿处理72h,用3.0mg/L的聚维酮碘消毒10min后,将其以0.1kg/m3的量投放到刺参育苗排出的尾水中,期间充气培养,气量以沙蚕不浮头为准;
(2)将所述尾水充气培养8h后,用捞网将沙蚕捞出,停止充气;按照200ml/m3的量向所述尾水中加入漂白液,充分搅拌0.5h进行消毒处理,得到消毒后的水体;
(3)向所述水体中按32g/m3的量加入硫代硫酸钠,充分搅拌15min进行中和处理;
(4)中和处理3h后,将枯草芽孢杆菌、酵母菌、乳酸菌以7:2:1的比例制成混合制剂,将所述混合制剂按照1.5g/m3的量投入所述中和处理后的水体中;
(5)静置沉淀8~12h,抽取上清液,得到可用于单胞藻三级培养的水体。
进一步的,所述步骤(1)中实时收集刺参育苗排出的尾水为:每年1月上旬至5月下旬,刺参控温育苗,将刺参育苗排出的尾水实时收集于室内相应规模的尾水蓄积池中。
进一步的,所述步骤(3)中和处理时,在所述水体中取水样,用淀粉碘化钾溶液检验余氯;若仍有余氯,向水体中添加少量饱和硫代硫酸钠溶液,至检测未有余氯为止。
进一步的,所述单胞藻包括小新月菱形藻、角毛藻、扁藻、金藻。
有益效果:
有效利用尾水余热,减少甚至免去北方地区冬季单胞藻饵料培养升温的能耗。
将刺参育苗尾水再用于单胞藻培养,减轻尾水直接排放所致的滩涂与海域环境污染。
传统上用化肥培养单胞藻尤其是三级培养需大量化肥,本法培养单胞藻的营养盐全部来源于刺参排泄物及其残饵。
因育苗用水、能源消耗、用肥量减少,大幅降低生产成本,相应提高生产效益。
通过沙蚕对残饵及粪便的吞食分解,将尾水中的有机物以营养盐的形式释放出来,使其营养成分更加均衡,更加利于单胞藻吸收。
利用沙蚕体表粘液对重金属离子的吸附转化作用,通过高密度沙蚕处理尾水,降低尾水中重金属含量。
通过枯草芽孢杆菌—酵母菌—乳酸菌的合理搭配,在有效实现尾水氨化的同时,使处理后的水呈现弱酸性,更有利于单胞藻生长繁殖。
相比传统的用化肥培养单胞藻方法,本发明将目标饵料藻液中的氨氮含量由传统的10~20mg/L降低到0.1~0.5mg/L。
因单胞藻液中氨氮、重金属含量减少,降低藻液对育苗水环境的影响,有利于水产苗种生长发育,减少病害发生,提高成活率。优化苗种培育池水质环境。
因单胞藻液中重金属、氨氮等有害物质含量减少,不存在化肥残留,用这样的单胞藻培育的水产苗种更健康,也为提高养殖水产品质量安全水平奠定基础。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种培养单胞藻用刺参工厂化育苗尾水的处理工艺,步骤包括:
(1)每年1月上旬至5月下旬,刺参控温育苗,将刺参育苗排出的尾水实时收集于室内相应规模的尾水蓄积池中;
(2)将双齿围沙蚕成虫饥饿处理72h,用3.0mg/L的聚维酮碘消毒10min后,将其以0.1kg/m3的量投放到含有刺参工厂化育苗尾水的尾水蓄积池中,期间充气培养,气量以沙蚕不浮头为准;
(3)充气培养8h后,用捞网将沙蚕捞出,停止充气,向尾水蓄积池按照200ml/m3的量加入漂白液(有效氯9%),充分搅拌0.5h进行消毒处理;
(4)向消毒后的水体按32g/m3的量加入硫代硫酸钠,充分搅拌15min进行中和处理;在所述水体中取水样,用淀粉碘化钾溶液检验余氯;若仍有余氯,向水体中添加少量饱和硫代硫酸钠溶液,至检测未有余氯为止;
(5)1h后,将枯草芽孢杆菌、酵母菌、乳酸菌以7:2:1的比例制成混合制剂,将所述混合制剂按照1.5g/m3的量投入尾水蓄积池;
(6)静置沉淀8~12h或至水体透明度达到5m以上,用小型离心泵抽取上清液,移至另一经消毒处理的备用池,得到可用于单胞藻三级培养的水体。
刺参育苗产生的尾水含有大量余热,直接排掉会造成很大的热能与水资源浪费,通过上述方法,可将热能与海水用于单细胞藻类培养,节约单胞藻培养升温所需的天然气、电、燃油等能源,并且节约大量海水资源。生产上藻类三级培养完全可以全部使用上述处理过的较高温度的尾水,不需要任何额外热能。
另外,本申请沙蚕与微生物的加入是尾水生态处理的核心,是一种无害化生态处理方法。
对比例1
处理工艺同实施例1。不同之处仅在于不使用沙蚕。
不用沙蚕处理的尾水,尾水中重金属离子含量通常与当地自然海水相似;加入沙蚕后,通过沙蚕体表粘液对重金属离子的吸附,基本检不出重金属离子。
另外,不添加沙蚕处理的尾水,残饵粪便中的营养物质并未分解为单胞藻可吸收的无机盐,尾水中总无机氮含量为0.1~0.3mg/L,活性磷酸盐含量为0.01~0.02mg/L,放入沙蚕后,残饵粪便被沙蚕吞食处理,并通过代谢分解析出无机营养盐,无机盐增至无机氮0.4~0.6mg/L,活性磷酸盐增至0.04~0.06mg/L。
对比例2
处理工艺同实施例1。不同之处仅在于不使用枯草芽孢杆菌、酵母菌、乳酸菌制成的混合制剂。
传统三级培养用水中的营养物质多是采用人工添加化肥等营养物质的方法,且需要在单胞藻的不同生长时期酌量添加,添加不当容易破坏水体内元素平衡,造成饵料生物生长受限或死亡;且传统方法采取添加营养盐的方式,难以有效使水体呈现弱酸性。本法利用枯草芽孢杆菌、酵母菌、乳酸菌三种微生物的合理配比,利用尾水中残留的有机物为碳源,对尾水实现活性调节,使pH稳定在6.8~7.2左右(未经此法处理的尾水pH为7.5~8.2),极为适宜单胞藻生长,培养的单胞藻饵料指数生长期平均提前8~12h用于刺参、贝类育苗生产。
对比例3
处理工艺同实施例1。不同之处在于不使用沙蚕,同时不使用枯草芽孢杆菌、酵母菌、乳酸菌制成的混合制剂。
常规方法仅靠施化肥培养单胞藻,培养出的单胞在用作水产苗种饵料前,藻液中残留的氨氮含量均值高达10~20mg/L,用此藻液直接投喂扇贝与刺参的亲体及幼虫,对其毒性较大,影响亲体性腺发育,常造成扇贝幼虫面盘解体、刺参耳状幼虫烂胃与烂边病。利用本申请所用方法,用于饵料培养的水可直接用于单胞藻的培养;氮磷铁硅元素比例均衡,完全满足单胞藻营养需求,不需另外添加化学肥料;单胞藻投喂前藻液氨氮含量显著降低,均值降至0.26mg/L,不会对扇贝、刺参的亲体与幼体产生毒性,病害发生率极低,与传统方法相比,幼虫变态率提高约20%。
下面采用应用例对本申请的方案进行进一步的阐述。
应用例1
种参促熟尾水的利用:种参促熟时间在每年的1月上旬至3月上旬,促熟温度在15~17℃,日换水量由30%逐渐增加至100%。以150m3培育池培育种参为例,中后期每日可提供90~150m3的尾水,其培育的单胞藻类可供900~1500m3海湾扇贝种贝促熟使用。此法处理后尾水为15℃左右,pH均值6.8左右,氮磷铁硅元素比接近50:5:1:1,极为适宜培养小新月菱形藻。用其培育出的单胞藻投喂前,藻液氨氮含量显著降低,均值可达0.26mg/L,对贝类危害较大的Cd、Cu等重金属离子均未检出。培育的小新月菱形藻个体均匀,基本未见藻体黏连,藻相稳定,以此作为饵料培育的海湾扇贝种贝,其成活率提升7%左右。
应用例2
幼体及稚参培育尾水的利用:幼体及稚参培育时间是每年的3~5月,培育水温20~23℃。以培育3000m3的幼体及稚参为例,日换水20~100%,每日可提供1000~2000m3的20℃以上较高温度尾水,其培养的单胞藻可供10000m3左右栉孔扇贝或海湾扇贝幼虫使用,可供20000m3以上刺参育苗使用。处理后的尾水水温能达20℃左右,pH均值6.7左右,营养元素均衡,能够满足角毛藻、扁藻、金藻等单胞藻培养所需。用其培养出的单胞藻,投喂前藻液氨氮含量均值0.12mg/L,硫化氢未检出,Cd、Cu等重金属离子均未检出。培育出的角毛藻、等鞭金藻3011藻色清爽,在显微镜下游动迅捷,个体丰满。用所述金藻培养的栉孔扇贝和海湾扇贝D形幼虫活力强,基本未见面盘解体等病症发生,幼虫变态率提高21%左右,用所述角毛藻培养的刺参耳状幼虫未见烂胃与烂边病发生,变态率提高20%以上。
种参的尾水,可满足培养小新月菱形藻所需的水温;幼体及稚参的高温尾水,能够满足角毛藻、扁藻、金藻所需的较高温度的海水。刺参育苗产生的尾水用于培养单细胞藻类,可被单细胞藻类吸收利用,基本不需要额外添加任何肥料,大幅降低生产成本,减少尾水排放所致的海域环境污染。采用此方法培养的单细胞藻类,可安全用于刺参、海湾扇贝、虾夷扇贝、魁蚶等海产动物人工育苗的单细胞藻类培养中,产生良好的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益。
本发明可用其他的不违背本发明的精神或主要特征的具体形式来概述。因此,无论从哪一点来看,本发明的上述实施方案都只能认为是对本发明的说明而不能限制本发明,权利要求书指出了本发明的范围,而上述的说明并未指出本发明的范围,因此,在与本发明的权利要求书相当的含义和范围内的任何改变,都应认为是包括在本发明的权利要求书的范围内。
Claims (3)
1.一种培养单胞藻用刺参工厂化育苗尾水的处理工艺,其特征在于,步骤包括:
(1)实时收集刺参育苗排出的尾水;将双齿围沙蚕成虫饥饿处理72h,用3.0mg/L的聚维酮碘消毒10min后,将其以0.1kg/m3的量投放到刺参育苗排出的尾水中,期间充气培养,气量以沙蚕不浮头为准;
(2)将所述尾水充气培养8h后,用捞网将沙蚕捞出,停止充气;按照200ml/m3的量向所述尾水中加入漂白液,充分搅拌0.5h进行消毒处理,得到消毒后的水体;
(3)向所述水体中按32g/m3的量加入硫代硫酸钠,充分搅拌15min进行中和处理;
(4)中和处理3h后,将枯草芽孢杆菌、酵母菌、乳酸菌以7:2:1的比例制成混合制剂,将所述混合制剂按照1.5g/m3的量投入所述中和处理后的水体中;
(5)静置沉淀8~12h,抽取上清液,得到可用于单胞藻三级培养的水体。
2.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中实时收集刺参育苗排出的尾水为:每年1月上旬至5月下旬,刺参控温育苗,将刺参育苗排出的尾水实时收集于室内相应规模的尾水蓄积池中。
3.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中和处理时,在所述水体中取水样,用淀粉碘化钾溶液检验余氯;若仍有余氯,向水体中添加少量饱和硫代硫酸钠溶液,至检测未有余氯为止。
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