CN111280341A - 一种防治家禽坏死性肠炎的复合酶制剂及复合饲料 - Google Patents
一种防治家禽坏死性肠炎的复合酶制剂及复合饲料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种防治家禽坏死性肠炎的复合酶制剂及复合饲料,该复合酶制剂包括如下单酶组分:葡聚糖酶、甘露聚糖酶、葡萄糖变构酶、葡萄糖氧化酶、过氧化氢酶。该发明通过葡聚糖酶酶和甘露聚糖酶降解非淀粉多糖,减轻食糜粘度,缓解了高粘度食糜对肠道造成的损伤,释放蛋白、淀粉等营养物质,提高饲料利用率,截断了未被有效消化利用的食糜给产气荚膜梭菌提供更多的营养,而且其酶解产生的寡糖可改善菌群组成;同时通过葡萄糖变构酶、葡萄糖氧化酶和过氧化氢酶营造厌氧环境、降低消化道pH、清除过量自由基,保护肠道上皮细胞完整和健康,从而达到防治产气荚膜梭菌诱导家禽产生的坏死性肠炎的目的。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于酶制剂技术领域,具体涉及一种防治家禽坏死性肠炎的复合酶制剂及复合饲料。
背景技术
坏死性肠炎(Necrotic enteritis)又名肠毒血症,是一种由产气荚膜梭菌引起的鸡常见肠道病,坏死性肠炎严重的影响养鸡行业的经济收入,可造成每年超过20亿美元的经济损失。患有坏死性肠炎的鸡具有高死亡率和低生长性能的特点,坏死性肠炎一般发病于2-6周龄的鸡,患坏死性肠炎的鸡群将连续死亡数天,总体死亡率可达10-40%。常见临床症状包括精神沉郁,食欲减退,不愿走动,羽毛蓬乱,病程较短,常呈急性死亡和生长性能下降等。鸡坏死性肠炎通过多种途径引起宿主肠道紊乱,从而影响宿主生理健康,同时,肠道菌群的紊乱又加重了宿主抵抗疾病的能力,因此,寻找到一种安全可靠的防治鸡坏死性肠炎的方法至关重要。
目前,通过在饲料中添加抗生素是预防并治疗家禽感染坏死性肠炎的主要手段,如维吉尼亚霉素、杆菌肽等都具有一定抗产气荚膜梭菌的效果,但产生了抗药性后则效果不佳;而且抗生素存在很多安全隐患,长期使用抗生素能能通过食物链等途径传播给人类,引起人类感染。因此,开发安全有效的抗生素替代物具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有抗生素在防治家禽感染坏死性肠炎上效果差,且长期使用存在安全隐患的问题。
为此,本发明提供了一种防治家禽坏死性肠炎的复合酶制剂,包括如下单酶组分:葡聚糖酶、甘露聚糖酶、葡萄糖变构酶、葡萄糖氧化酶、过氧化氢酶。
进一步的,上述各单酶组分的质量按质量百分比计如下:葡聚糖酶5%~20%、甘露聚糖酶5%~35%、葡萄糖变构酶15%~30%、葡萄糖氧化酶15%~30%、过氧化氢酶15%~30%。
进一步的,每克所述复合酶制剂中各单酶的酶活如下:葡聚糖酶500~20000U,甘露聚糖酶1000~10000U,葡萄糖变构酶500~10000U,葡萄糖氧化酶500~30000U,过氧化氢酶2000~400000U。
进一步的,每克所述复合酶制剂中各单酶的酶活如下:葡聚糖酶10000U,甘露聚糖酶8000U,葡萄糖变构酶7000U,葡萄糖氧化酶20000U,过氧化氢酶200000U。
另外,本发明还提供了一种复合饲料,包括家禽日粮以及上述的防治家禽坏死性肠炎的复合酶制剂,每吨家禽日粮中添加所述复合酶制剂100g~1000g。
本发明中复合酶制剂的设计原则如下:
家禽饲料中的非淀粉多糖(NSP)不能被无法分泌NSP酶的家禽有效的消化利用,未被有效消化利用的食糜提供了更多的营养给产气荚膜梭菌;同时增加了食糜粘度,从而增加了厌氧菌增值和产生肠毒素,引起肠黏膜的损伤,肠黏膜的损伤有利于产气荚膜梭菌的生长和毒素的扩散。对此,研究表明,低pH可抑制产气荚膜梭菌的生长。其中,葡聚糖酶、甘露聚糖酶能降解NSP,减低肠道粘度,减轻NSP对肠道的损伤,同时葡聚糖酶、甘露聚糖酶酶解产生的寡糖,又可被动物肠道中的有益菌吸收,改善菌群组成,减少大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌等有害微生物的感染,缓解肠道损伤的压力。葡萄糖变构酶是催化α和β醛糖构型之间互相可逆地转换的酶,启动底物变旋反应的基础。葡萄糖氧化酶可催化葡萄糖产生葡萄糖酸和过氧化氢,与过氧化氢酶共同作用催化葡萄糖产生葡萄糖酸,消耗氧,降低消化道pH,从而改善畜禽消化道环境,提高生长性能和成活率;同时又可清除过量自由基,保护肠道上皮细胞完整和健康,提高畜禽消化吸收及抗病力。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明提供的这种防治家禽坏死性肠炎的复合酶制剂通过葡聚糖酶酶和甘露聚糖酶降解非淀粉多糖,减轻食糜粘度,缓解了高粘度食糜对肠道造成的损伤,释放蛋白、淀粉等营养物质,提高饲料利用率,截断了未被有效消化利用的食糜给产气荚膜梭菌提供更多的营养,而且其酶解产生的寡糖可改善菌群组成;同时通过葡萄糖变构酶、葡萄糖氧化酶和过氧化氢酶营造厌氧环境、降低消化道pH、清除过量自由基,保护肠道上皮细胞完整和健康,从而达到防治产气荚膜梭菌诱导家禽产生的坏死性肠炎的目的。
(2)本发明提供的这种防治家禽坏死性肠炎的复合酶制剂可提高家禽对饲料的消化吸收及抗病力,促进家禽生长,且对患有坏死性肠炎的家禽有很好的治愈作用,提高了家禽的成活率。
(3)本发明提供的这种防治家禽坏死性肠炎的复合酶制剂具有无毒、不易产生耐药性等优点,使用安全,可减少或替代抗生素使用,提高生产性能。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1:
本实施例提供了一种防治家禽坏死性肠炎的复合酶制剂,包括按质量百分比计的如下单酶组分:葡聚糖酶15%、甘露聚糖酶15%、葡萄糖变构酶25%、葡萄糖氧化酶25%、过氧化氢酶20%。
其中,每克所述复合酶制剂中各单酶的酶活如下:葡聚糖酶10000U,甘露聚糖酶8000U,葡萄糖变构酶7000U,葡萄糖氧化酶20000U,过氧化氢酶200000U。
采用本实施例的复合酶制剂与家禽日粮进行混合作为家禽的复合饲料时,每吨家禽日粮中添加本实施例复合酶制剂500g。
实施例2:
本实施例提供了一种防治家禽坏死性肠炎的复合酶制剂,包括按质量百分比计的如下单酶组分:葡聚糖酶5%、甘露聚糖酶35%、葡萄糖变构酶15%、葡萄糖氧化酶15%、过氧化氢酶30%。
其中,每克所述复合酶制剂中各单酶的酶活如下:葡聚糖酶20000U,甘露聚糖酶1000U,葡萄糖变构酶10000U,葡萄糖氧化酶30000U,过氧化氢酶2000U。
采用本实施例的复合酶制剂与家禽日粮进行混合作为家禽的复合饲料时,每吨家禽日粮中添加本实施例复合酶制剂100g。
实施例3:
本实施例提供了一种防治家禽坏死性肠炎的复合酶制剂,包括按质量百分比计的如下单酶组分:葡聚糖酶20%、甘露聚糖酶5%、葡萄糖变构酶30%、葡萄糖氧化酶30%、过氧化氢酶15%。
其中,每克所述复合酶制剂中各单酶的酶活如下:葡聚糖酶500U,甘露聚糖酶10000U,葡萄糖变构酶500U,葡萄糖氧化酶500U,过氧化氢酶400000U。
采用本实施例的复合酶制剂与家禽日粮进行混合作为家禽的复合饲料时,每吨家禽日粮中添加本实施例复合酶制剂1000g。
实施例4:
本实施例进一步验证了本发明复合酶制剂对鸡坏死性肠炎的防治效果,具体试验过程如下:
1、材料和方法
1.1、试验菌株
产气荚膜梭菌购自中国兽医药品监察所,在新鲜的肉汤培养基中,37℃厌氧培养,在使用前,细菌的浓度调整为108CFU/mL。
1.2、坏死性肠炎模型的建立
1日龄AA肉鸡,口腔灌服产气荚膜梭菌(0.5mL/只,108CFU/mL),在14~21日龄连续灌服产气荚膜梭菌(1mL/只,108CFU/mL)诱导坏死性肠炎的发生。
1.3、试验饲粮与饲养管理
试验基础饲粮的组成及营养含量见表1。饲养试验在新华扬生物股份有限公司黄湖养殖基地进行,室内保持通风良好,室温维持在22-25℃。养鸡前做好设备和鸡舍的清洗和消毒工作,鸡舍彻底清洁,待干燥后,用高锰酸钾和甲醛熏蒸。肉仔鸡地面平养,自由采食饮水。免疫程序和驱虫程序按照鸡场常规同步进行。保持固定的饲喂时间,每天3次,保证水源的充足、干净。随时观察、记载鸡只的采食和健康状况。
表1:基础饲粮组成与营养水平
1.4、动物试验及设计
240只1日龄AA肉鸡随机分成3组,分别为对照组、造模组和复合酶制剂组,每组120只鸡,分为6个重复,每个重复20只,饲养为期28天。其中,造模组和复合酶制剂组的鸡根据模型要求进行产气荚膜梭菌攻毒,对照组的鸡灌喂等体积生理盐水。试验期间,对照组和造模组肉鸡饲喂基础饲粮,复合酶制剂组在基础饲粮中拌入上述实施例1的复合酶制剂500g/t。
1.5、样品采集
在28日龄,每个处理组存活的鸡被屠宰,断颈处死,剖开腹腔,取空肠中段,纵向剪开,用无菌玻片刮取黏膜,装入经DEPC处理过的EP管中,经液氮预冻后,保存于-80℃冰箱内,待检测目标基因mRNA的表达量。
1.6、检测指标及方法
1.6.1、生长性能指标
记录每日的投料量及剩余料量、鸡死亡淘汰情况,并计算平均初只重、采食量、平均日增重、料肉比。
日采食量/(g/d·羽)=Σ[(每天投料量一每天余料量)/当天饲养量]/饲养天数;
平均日增重/(g/d·羽)=(平均末重一平均初重)/饲养天数;
料肉比=试验期总耗料/试验期总增重。
1.6.2、回肠表观消化率
在第25日龄时在各饲粮中加入0.4%TiO2连续饲喂3天后进行屠宰,收集回肠食糜用于养分消化率的测定;在收集食糜的前一天晚上禁食2个小时,取样前3个小时开始饲喂,以确保回肠中有足够的食糜。
按100g食糜加入10%盐酸10mL充分混匀后置于洁净的带盖培养皿中,在65℃烘箱中烘至风干,空气中回潮24h后粉碎,过40目筛。
饲料原料及食糜中干物质含量测定采用100-105℃干燥法;粗蛋白质含量测定,采用凯氏定氮法。
根据以下公式计算出养分回肠表观消化率:
1.6.3、RNA提取与Real-time PCR分析
1)样品总RNA的提取
取50-100mg组织样品液氮充分研磨后,加入放置有1mL预冷的TRIzol试剂(Invitrogen Life Technologies)的离心管中,匀浆,室温静置5min,以便核酸蛋白复合体解离完全。后续步骤按照试剂盒说明书进行。
2)RNA浓度、纯度和完整性的鉴定
用Nanodrop 2000超微量分光光度计测定RNA浓度,纯度以吸光值OD260/280表示,保证其比值在1.8-2.0之间。OD260/280的比值<1.8,则说明可能有蛋白质污染;OD260/280的比值>2.0,说明RNA可能发生降解。RNA完整性通过琼脂凝胶电泳来检测,电泳条件为:200V,5min左右,当蓝色条带向前移动2-3cm时,立即停止,之后在凝胶成像系统下进行观察,照相,如果18S和28S条带明亮清晰,条带锐利(条带的边缘清晰),28S的亮度是18S的2倍以上,则说明RNA的质量较好。
3)反转录
提取总RNA后,采用PrimeScriptTMRT Master Mix试剂盒(宝生物工程(大连)有限公司),按试剂盒说明书操作,反应体系和反转录程序如表2所示。
表2反转录反应体系和反转录程序
42℃2min
37℃15min,85℃5s,4℃∞
反转录产物直接进行RT-PCR或-20℃保存备用。
4)Real-time PCR
采用qPCR方法测定目标基因的表达,其中PCR引物序列见表3,由宝生物工程(大连)有限公司合成。
表3目的基因和内参基因引物序列
qPCR的操作参照SYBR Premix Ex Taq II(Tli RNaseH Plus)(宝生物工程(大连)有限公司)的说明。qPCR在7500荧光定量仪(Applied Biosystems)上操作,反应体系见表4,PCR条件设置为95℃变性30s,接着进行40个循环,每个循环由95℃变性5s与60℃退火和延伸34s构成,以β-actin为内参基因,用2-△△CT方法计算相对基因表达量。
表4 Real-time PCR反应体系组成成分
1.6.4、肠道菌群数量检测
无菌采取回肠、盲肠内容物进行肠道菌群(大肠杆菌、乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌)测定。
取盲肠内容物于装有100mL灭菌生理盐水挡板瓶中,则其稀释度为10-2。摇床处理后,取0.5mL加入到4.5mL灭菌生理盐水试管中,微型振荡器振荡。依次顺延,进行递增稀释至第5个试管稀释度为10-7。根据预试验的结果,选择适当的稀释度(以每个平板长30-300个菌落为标准)三个,在超净工作台上,用100μL移液枪按稀释度从高到低的顺序将样品分别加到选择性培养基EMB、BS和MRS上,每个稀释度做三个重复。大肠杆菌采用涂布平板法37℃培养24h,乳酸菌和双歧杆菌采用稀释摇管法37℃培养72h。
2、结果
2.1、复合酶制剂对肉鸡生长性能的影响
试验期间,复合酶制剂对肉鸡生长性能的影响如表5所示。其中,对照组和复合酶制剂组没有鸡只死亡,造模组共死亡12只鸡,死亡率为10.00%。
表5复合酶制剂对肉鸡生长性能的影响
由表5可知,各组肉鸡采食量无显著性差异,与对照组相比,造模组日增重降低了5.03%,复合酶制剂组日增重降低了2.60%;与对照组相比,造模组料比增加了5.26%,复合酶制剂组降低了1.32%。
2.2复合酶制剂对肉鸡回肠表观消化率的影响
试验期间,复合酶制剂对肉鸡回肠表观消化率的影响如表6所示。
表6复合酶制剂对肉鸡回肠表观消化率的影响,%
由表6可知,与对照组相比,造模组和复合酶制剂组干物质表观回肠消化率和蛋白质表观回肠消化率分别降低了4.19%和8.25%,复合酶制剂组蛋白质表观回肠消化率分别增加了5.85%和1.40%。
2.3、复合酶制剂对肉鸡紧密连接蛋白mRNA表达的影响
试验期间,复合酶制剂对肉鸡紧密连接蛋白mRNA表达的影响结果如表7所示。
表7复合酶制剂对肉鸡紧密连接蛋白mRNA表达的影响
由表7可知,与对照组相比,造模组Claudin和occludin的表达趋势相似,均成倍的减少,复合酶制剂组Claudin和occludin的表达则与对照组没有差异。
2.4、复合酶制剂对肉鸡肠道菌群数量的影响
试验期间,复合酶制剂对肉鸡肠道菌群数量的影响结果如表8所示。
表8复合酶制剂对肉鸡肠道菌群数量的影响,(log10n/克内容物)
由表8所示,与对照组相比,造模组大肠杆菌增加了24.17%、乳酸菌和双歧杆菌分别减低了25.87%和10.85%,复合酶制剂组大肠杆菌无差异,乳酸菌和双歧杆菌分别增加了18.63%和13.84%。
综上所述,本发明提供的这种防治家禽坏死性肠炎的复合酶制剂通过多种酶组分的酶解及相互作用,有效改善了家禽消化道环境及菌群组成,维持了其肠道菌群平衡,提高了家禽生长性能和成活率,可有效防止产气荚膜梭菌诱导家禽产生的坏死性肠炎,减少或替代抗生素使用,提高生产性能。
以上例举仅仅是对本发明的举例说明,并不构成对本发明的保护范围的限制,凡是与本发明相同或相似的设计均属于本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种防治家禽坏死性肠炎的复合酶制剂,其特征在于,包括如下单酶组分:葡聚糖酶、甘露聚糖酶、葡萄糖变构酶、葡萄糖氧化酶、过氧化氢酶。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种防治家禽坏死性肠炎的复合酶制剂,其特征在于,各单酶组分按质量百分比计如下:葡聚糖酶5%~20%、甘露聚糖酶5%~35%、葡萄糖变构酶15%~30%、葡萄糖氧化酶15%~30%、过氧化氢酶15%~30%。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种防治家禽坏死性肠炎的复合酶制剂,其特征在于,每克所述复合酶制剂中各单酶的酶活如下:葡聚糖酶500~20000U,甘露聚糖酶1000~10000U,葡萄糖变构酶500~10000U,葡萄糖氧化酶500~30000U,过氧化氢酶2000~400000U。
4.如权利要求3所述的一种防治家禽坏死性肠炎的复合酶制剂,其特征在于,每克所述复合酶制剂中各单酶的酶活如下:葡聚糖酶10000U,甘露聚糖酶8000U,葡萄糖变构酶7000U,葡萄糖氧化酶20000U,过氧化氢酶200000U。
5.一种复合饲料,其特征在于,包括家禽日粮以及如权利要求1~4任一项所述的防治家禽坏死性肠炎的复合酶制剂,每吨家禽日粮中添加所述复合酶制剂100g~1000g。
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