CN111276342B - Preparation method of flexible electrode, product and application thereof - Google Patents
Preparation method of flexible electrode, product and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111276342B CN111276342B CN202010229917.4A CN202010229917A CN111276342B CN 111276342 B CN111276342 B CN 111276342B CN 202010229917 A CN202010229917 A CN 202010229917A CN 111276342 B CN111276342 B CN 111276342B
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- carbon cloth
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- cobalt
- nickel
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000012702 metal oxide precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000224 chemical solution deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)pyridin-3-amine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CN=C1OC1=CC=C(F)C=C1F LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;nickel Chemical compound [Ni].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940011182 cobalt acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- BZRRQSJJPUGBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) bromide Chemical compound Br[Co]Br BZRRQSJJPUGBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940078494 nickel acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLQBNKOPBDZKDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);diperchlorate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O ZLQBNKOPBDZKDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni] QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZBYYWKJVSFHYJL-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);diacetate;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O ZBYYWKJVSFHYJL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940078487 nickel acetate tetrahydrate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- OINIXPNQKAZCRL-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);diacetate;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Ni+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OINIXPNQKAZCRL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910017709 Ni Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910003267 Ni-Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003262 Ni‐Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000011834 metal-based active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- NVIVJPRCKQTWLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt nickel Chemical compound [Co][Ni][Co] NVIVJPRCKQTWLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Co+2].[Co+3].[Co+3] UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006181 electrochemical material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001523 electrospinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SPIFDSWFDKNERT-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Ni] SPIFDSWFDKNERT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 transition metal salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
- H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/24—Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/26—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/26—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
- H01G11/28—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features arranged or disposed on a current collector; Layers or phases between electrodes and current collectors, e.g. adhesives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/46—Metal oxides
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a flexible electrode, a product and an application thereof, wherein the preparation method of the flexible electrode comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out acid treatment on the carbon cloth to obtain carbon cloth with surface activity; (2) immersing carbon cloth with surface activity into a transition metal precursor solution, adding ammonia water, and carrying out deposition and compounding through a chemical bath to obtain a carbon cloth/transition metal oxide precursor compound; (3) and calcining the carbon cloth/transition metal oxide precursor compound to obtain the flexible electrode. The preparation method has the advantages of simple process and low cost, and the electrode material obtained by the preparation method has the advantages of stable performance, excellent electrochemical performance and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrochemical materials, in particular to a preparation method of a flexible electrode, a product and application thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of the world economy, people have more and more demands on energy, in the conversion and utilization of energy, a battery is the most common device for storing electric energy, but the inherent defects of the battery, such as high cost, electrolyte safety problem, cycle life and the like, limit the application of the battery in some fields. Compared with a battery and a traditional capacitor, the super capacitor has the advantages of higher power density, wider working temperature, long cycle life, no pollution to the environment and the like, and the electrode material is the core of the super capacitor, so that the development of the electrode material with excellent performance is the main task of developing the super capacitor.
With the development of the next generation of optoelectronic devices, such as a rollable display screen, an intelligent electronic device, a memory chip and a wearable device, the technical research on portable flexible energy storage devices is driven, and flexible electrodes are the key point of research on flexible energy storage devices in recent years.
The electrode material of the supercapacitor mainly comprises a carbon material, a metal oxide or hydroxide, a conductive polymer and the like, wherein the carbon material has the advantages of high specific surface area, good conductivity, easiness in processing and the like, so that the composite material of the carbon material and other electrode materials is widely researched.
Chinese patent document CN109192521A discloses a method for preparing a flexible electrode, which comprises (1) preparing a slurry: taking 40-90 parts of polyvinylidene fluoride, 10-30 parts of conductive carbon material, 0.001-20 parts of active substance and 5-30 parts of polyethylene glycol, and crushing to prepare mixed powder; pouring a solvent, wherein the ratio of the solid powder to the solvent is 1 g: 2-30mL, heating the mixture to 55-85 ℃, and stirring and ultrasonically vibrating for 15-25 minutes to obtain uniform slurry; (2) uniformly pouring the slurry on the surface of a flat plate, heating to 50-110 ℃, forming a film after the solvent is volatilized, removing the film, and cutting into a required shape; and connecting the cut electrode slice with a metal wire or carbon fiber or carbon paper by using a bonding or hot melting method to obtain the flexible electrode. The method is not essentially different from the common wet coating method for preparing the electrode plate, and simultaneously, the material waste is caused.
Chinese patent document CN102509635A discloses a method for preparing a flexible supercapacitor based on carbon cloth, which comprises growing carbon nano-materials or metal oxides on carbon cloth; then preparing materials such as conductive polymers or manganese oxide and the like on substances grown or generated on the carbon cloth to form stable electrode materials; and finally, overlapping two electrode materials through a solid electrolyte, and separating the two electrode materials by using a diaphragm to obtain the solid super capacitor device. The flexible electrode prepared by the method has good electrochemical characteristics and mechanical properties, but the preparation method is complex, the steps are complicated, and the efficiency is low.
Therefore, it is desired in the art to develop an optimized method for manufacturing a flexible electrode, which can manufacture a flexible electrode having excellent properties in a simple process.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a flexible electrode, a product and an application thereof, wherein the preparation method has the advantages of simple process and low cost, and the electrode material obtained by the preparation method has the advantages of stable performance, excellent electrochemical performance and the like.
Therefore, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a flexible electrode, comprising the following steps:
(1) carrying out acid treatment on the carbon cloth to obtain carbon cloth with surface activity;
(2) immersing the carbon cloth with surface activity prepared in the step (1) into a transition metal precursor solution, adding ammonia water, and carrying out deposition and compounding through a chemical bath to obtain a carbon cloth/transition metal oxide precursor compound;
(3) and (3) calcining the carbon cloth/transition metal oxide precursor compound prepared in the step (2) to obtain the flexible electrode.
Further, the acid treatment method in the step (1) comprises the following steps: and soaking the carbon cloth in a mixed solution of concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid, and then washing and drying the soaked carbon cloth in sequence. The washing and drying may be performed with reference to a method generally used in the art, without particular limitation.
Further, in the method for acid treatment in the step (1), the volume ratio of the concentrated hydrochloric acid to the concentrated nitric acid is 1-2:1-2, preferably 1: 1; wherein the mass fraction of the concentrated hydrochloric acid is 36-38%, and the mass fraction of the concentrated nitric acid is 86-98%.
Further, the transition metal precursor solution in the step (2) comprises cobalt salt, nickel salt and an oxidant.
Further, the molar ratio of the cobalt salt, the nickel salt and the oxidant is 2:2-4:1-3.5, such as 2:2:1, 2:2:1.09, 2:3:1.36, 2:4:1.56, 2:4:3.12, 2:4:3.2, 2:4:3.5 and the like. In the preparation method provided by the invention, the microstructure and the performance of the electrode material can be controlled by controlling the proportion of the reactants, and it is emphasized that, in different proportions of the reactants, especially the proportion of the cobalt salt has a great influence on the performance of the electrode material, for example, when the cobalt salt is excessive, the capacity of the electrode material is reduced.
Further, the oxidant is one or at least two of ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate and sodium persulfate, and preferably ammonium persulfate.
Further, the cobalt salt comprises one or at least two of cobalt acetate, cobalt nitrate, cobalt sulfate, cobalt chloride, cobalt bromide and hydrates of the salt; the nickel salt comprises one or at least two of nickel acetate, nickel nitrate, nickel perchlorate, nickel chloride and hydrate of the salt.
Further, in the step (2), the ammonia water is added dropwise, preferably slowly dropwise and continuously stirred; the mass fraction of the ammonia water is 22-25%, and the volume of the added ammonia water is 2-4% of the volume of the transition metal precursor solution, such as 2%, 2.2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4% and the like.
Further, the chemical bath deposition compounding method in the step (2) comprises the following steps: and (2) immersing the carbon cloth with surface activity prepared in the step (1) into a transition metal precursor solution, slowly dropwise adding ammonia water, and continuously stirring until the reaction is finished.
Further, the step (3) further comprises: the carbon cloth/transition metal oxide precursor composite is washed and dried in sequence before calcination.
Further, the calcining conditions in step (3) include: calcining under the protection of any one or at least two gases of nitrogen, argon or helium; the calcination temperature is 300-500 deg.C, such as 300 deg.C, 350 deg.C, 400 deg.C, 450 deg.C, 500 deg.C, etc.; the calcination time is 2-10h, such as 2h, 3h, 4h, 5h, 6h, 7h, 8h, 9h, 10h, etc.
The carbon cloth is composed of ultrafine carbon fibers. Most of the cases, carbon cloth is made by carbonizing after polymer electrospinning. In order to improve the conductivity of the composite electrode, a common method in the art is to directly grow a transition metal-based active material on a carbon cloth, but this method has disadvantages of poor adhesion, easy detachment, and the like. Different from the method of directly adhering transition metal-based active materials to the carbon cloth in the prior art, the method firstly activates the carbon cloth and then combines with the treatment of chemical bath deposition, thereby greatly improving the binding force between the transition metal oxide and the carbon cloth and avoiding the problem of falling off of the transition metal oxide.
Compared with the prior art that the carbon oxide material is prepared by the Hummer method or the improved Hummer method, the method only carries out acid treatment on the carbon cloth, reduces the damage to the carbon structure and avoids the high-temperature reaction caused by using concentrated sulfuric acid. The treatment method provided by the invention has simple steps and mild conditions, not only has an activating effect on the surface of the carbon cloth in the acid treatment process, but also removes impurities such as grease, protein residues and the like on the surface of the carbon cloth, and prepares the quasi-fluid material with certain surface activity.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a flexible electrode, which is prepared by the preparation method of the invention.
In a third aspect, the invention provides the use of the flexible electrode in a supercapacitor.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a supercapacitor comprising a flexible electrode according to the present invention.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) according to the preparation method provided by the invention, the carbon cloth is activated through acid treatment, so that the binding force between the transition metal oxide and the carbon cloth is improved, the problem of falling off of the transition metal oxide is avoided, and the stability of the electrode is improved; compounding carbon cloth and transition metal oxide by a chemical bath deposition method, and controlling the microstructure and the performance of the electrode material by controlling the proportion of reactants; the preparation method has simple process and simple and convenient operation, almost has no material waste, and prepares the flexible electrode with excellent electrochemical performance and stable performance.
(2) In a preferred embodiment of the invention, cobalt and nickel salts are used as transition metal salts, the cobalt-nickel bimetallic oxide being a composite metal oxide, in contrast to pure Co3O4The NiO conductivity is better; the prepared carbon cloth/nickel-cobalt bimetallic oxide composite is used as an electrode material, has a high specific surface area and a porous structure, is beneficial to ion transmission and electron transfer, and can exert better electrochemical performance.
(3) In the prior art, the flexible super capacitor electrode is mainly prepared by an electrochemical deposition or hydrothermal synthesis method, nickel and cobalt are deposited on carbon cloth by adding an oxidant and ammonia water to perform chemical reaction, the reaction condition is mild and simple, and the flexible super capacitor electrode with good flexibility and excellent electrochemical performance is finally prepared.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a flexible electrode of the present invention;
1-carbon cloth in a flexible netted planar structure; 2-Ni-Co binary oxide.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
A preparation method of a flexible electrode comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting the carbon cloth into a size of 5 multiplied by 5cm, then soaking the carbon cloth in a mixed acid solution (the volume ratio of 36-38% concentrated hydrochloric acid to 86-98% concentrated nitric acid is 1:1) for 2 hours, fully washing and drying to obtain the carbon cloth with surface activity, and taking the carbon cloth as a flexible carbon cloth substrate;
(2) fully dissolving 1.0g of cobalt acetate tetrahydrate, 1.0g of nickel acetate tetrahydrate and 0.5g of ammonium persulfate in 100mL of deionized water to obtain a clear solution; then, immersing the carbon cloth with surface activity prepared in the step (1) into the solution to fully soak and absorb the carbon cloth; then slowly dripping 2mL of ammonia water with the mass fraction of 22-25% into the solution, continuously stirring for 15min, taking out the carbon cloth/transition metal oxide precursor compound after the reaction is finished, fully washing and drying;
(3) and (3) placing the carbon cloth/transition metal oxide precursor compound prepared in the step (2) into a tube furnace, and calcining for 3 hours at 350 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere to finally obtain the carbon cloth/nickel cobalt binary oxide flexible composite electrode.
Example 2
A preparation method of a flexible electrode comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting the carbon cloth into a size of 5 multiplied by 5cm, then soaking the carbon cloth in a mixed acid solution (the volume ratio of 36-38% concentrated hydrochloric acid to 86-98% concentrated nitric acid is 1:1) for 2 hours, fully washing and drying to obtain the carbon cloth with surface activity, and taking the carbon cloth as a flexible carbon cloth substrate;
(2) fully dissolving 0.7g of cobalt acetate tetrahydrate, 1.4g of nickel acetate tetrahydrate and 0.5g of ammonium persulfate in 100mL of deionized water to obtain a clear solution; then, immersing the carbon cloth with surface activity prepared in the step (1) into the solution to fully soak and absorb the carbon cloth; then slowly dripping 2mL of ammonia water with the mass fraction of 22-25% into the solution, continuously stirring for 15min, taking out the carbon cloth/transition metal oxide precursor compound after the reaction is finished, fully washing and drying;
(3) and (3) placing the carbon cloth/transition metal oxide precursor compound prepared in the step (2) into a tube furnace, and calcining for 3 hours at 350 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere to finally obtain the carbon cloth/nickel cobalt binary oxide flexible composite electrode.
Example 3
(1) Cutting the carbon cloth into a size of 5 multiplied by 5cm, then soaking the carbon cloth in a mixed acid solution (the volume ratio of 36-38% concentrated hydrochloric acid to 86-98% concentrated nitric acid is 1:1) for 2 hours, fully washing and drying to obtain the carbon cloth with surface activity, and taking the carbon cloth as a flexible carbon cloth substrate;
(2) fully dissolving 0.7g of cobalt acetate tetrahydrate, 1.4g of nickel acetate tetrahydrate and 1.0g of ammonium persulfate in 100mL of deionized water to obtain a clear solution; then, immersing the carbon cloth with surface activity prepared in the step (1) into the solution to fully soak and absorb the carbon cloth; then slowly dripping 2mL of ammonia water with the mass fraction of 22-25% into the solution, continuously stirring for 15min, taking out the carbon cloth/transition metal oxide precursor compound after the reaction is finished, fully washing and drying;
(3) and (3) placing the carbon cloth/transition metal oxide precursor compound prepared in the step (2) into a tube furnace, and calcining for 3 hours at 350 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere to finally obtain the carbon cloth/nickel cobalt binary oxide flexible composite electrode.
Example 4
(1) Cutting the carbon cloth into a size of 5 multiplied by 5cm, then soaking the carbon cloth in a mixed acid solution (the volume ratio of 36-38% concentrated hydrochloric acid to 86-98% concentrated nitric acid is 1:1) for 2 hours, fully washing and drying to obtain the carbon cloth with surface activity, and taking the carbon cloth as a flexible carbon cloth substrate;
(2) fully dissolving 0.7g of cobalt acetate tetrahydrate, 1.4g of nickel acetate tetrahydrate and 0.5g of ammonium persulfate in 100mL of deionized water to obtain a clear solution; then, immersing the carbon cloth with surface activity prepared in the step (1) into the solution to fully soak and absorb the carbon cloth; slowly dripping 4mL of ammonia water with the mass fraction of 22-25% into the solution, continuously stirring for 15min, taking out the carbon cloth/transition metal oxide precursor compound after the reaction is finished, fully washing and drying;
(3) and (3) placing the carbon cloth/transition metal oxide precursor compound prepared in the step (2) into a tube furnace, and calcining for 3 hours at 350 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere to finally obtain the carbon cloth/nickel cobalt binary oxide flexible composite electrode.
Comparative example
(1) Cutting the carbon cloth into a size of 5 multiplied by 5cm, then soaking the carbon cloth in a mixed acid solution (the volume ratio of 36-38% concentrated hydrochloric acid to 86-98% concentrated nitric acid is 1:1) for 2 hours, fully washing and drying to obtain the carbon cloth with surface activity, and taking the carbon cloth as a flexible carbon cloth substrate;
(2) fully dissolving 1.4g of cobalt acetate tetrahydrate, 0.7g of nickel acetate tetrahydrate and 0.5g of ammonium persulfate in 100mL of deionized water to obtain a clear solution; then, immersing the carbon cloth with surface activity prepared in the step (1) into the solution to fully soak and absorb the carbon cloth; then slowly dripping 2mL of ammonia water with the mass fraction of 22-25% into the solution, continuously stirring for 15min, taking out the carbon cloth/transition metal oxide precursor compound after the reaction is finished, fully washing and drying;
(3) and (3) placing the carbon cloth/transition metal oxide precursor compound prepared in the step (2) into a tube furnace, and calcining for 3 hours at 350 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere to finally obtain the carbon cloth/nickel cobalt binary oxide flexible composite electrode.
Examples of the experiments
(1) And (3) electrochemical performance testing: the carbon cloth/nickel-cobalt binary oxide flexible composite electrodes prepared in examples 1 to 4 and the comparative example were used as working electrodes, 6mol/L KOH aqueous solution was used as electrolyte, and electrochemical performance tests were performed by a constant current charge and discharge method at a current of 0.1A, with the test results shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of electrochemical Properties
| Capacity of | Cycle performance (2000 circles) | |
| Example 1 | 1327mF·cm-2 | 91.9％ |
| Example 2 | 1415mF·cm-2 | 92.3％ |
| Example 3 | 1496mF·cm-2 | 93.6％ |
| Example 4 | 1275mF·cm-2 | 92.5％ |
| Comparative example | 1209mF·cm-2 | 92.1％ |
(2) Component testing of electrode materials: and testing the content of the nickel-cobalt binary oxide in the active material under different raw material ratios. The nickel-cobalt binary oxide on the flexible electrode in example 1-2 was peeled off, and the content and ratio of nickel-cobalt element were analyzed by XPS, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 comparison of the Performance of Flexible electrodes containing different Ni-Co elements
(3) The influence of the oxidant and ammonia dosage on the microstructure performance and electrochemical performance of the active material: the nickel-cobalt binary oxide on the flexible electrodes of examples 2, 3 and 4 was peeled off, and the specific surface area and pore size distribution thereof were analyzed by the BET method, and the results are shown in table 3.
Table 3 comparison of the effect of different oxidant and ammonia dosages on the structure and performance of the flexible electrode
The different amounts of the oxidizing agent in examples 2 and 3 and the ammonia water in examples 2 and 4 resulted in different specific surface areas and pore size distributions, which indicates that the microstructure of the electrode material can be controlled by controlling the mixture ratio of the reactants.
From the test results of tables 1 to 3, it can be seen that the flexible electrode prepared by the process of the present invention has excellent electrochemical properties, and it was unexpectedly found in the research that the microstructure of the electrode material and its properties, especially the ratio of cobalt salt, can be controlled by controlling the ratio of reactants, and the electrochemical properties are greatly affected, for example, referring to the comparative example, when the cobalt salt is excessive, the capacity of the electrode material is reduced.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a flexible electrode is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) carrying out acid treatment on the carbon cloth to obtain carbon cloth with surface activity;
the acid treatment method comprises the following steps: soaking the carbon cloth in a mixed solution of concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid, and then washing and drying the soaked carbon cloth in sequence;
(2) immersing the carbon cloth with surface activity prepared in the step (1) into a transition metal precursor solution, adding ammonia water in a dropwise manner, and carrying out chemical bath deposition and compounding to obtain a carbon cloth/transition metal oxide precursor compound; wherein the mass fraction of the ammonia water is 22-25%, and the volume of the added ammonia water is 2% of the volume of the transition metal precursor solution;
the transition metal precursor solution comprises cobalt salt, nickel salt and an oxidant, wherein the molar ratio of the cobalt salt to the nickel salt to the oxidant is 2:4: 1.56;
(3) and (3) calcining the carbon cloth/transition metal oxide precursor compound prepared in the step (2) to obtain the flexible electrode.
2. The method for preparing a flexible electrode according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the volume ratio of the concentrated hydrochloric acid to the concentrated nitric acid is 1-2: 1-2; wherein the mass fraction of the concentrated hydrochloric acid is 36-38%, and the mass fraction of the concentrated nitric acid is 86-98%.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the volume ratio of the concentrated hydrochloric acid to the concentrated nitric acid is 1: 1.
4. The method of manufacturing a flexible electrode according to claim 1,
the cobalt salt comprises one or at least two of cobalt acetate, cobalt nitrate, cobalt sulfate, cobalt chloride, cobalt bromide and a hydrate of the cobalt salt; the nickel salt comprises one or at least two of nickel acetate, nickel nitrate, nickel perchlorate, nickel chloride and hydrates of the nickel salt.
5. The method for preparing the flexible electrode according to claim 4, wherein the oxidant is one or at least two of ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate and sodium persulfate.
6. The method of preparing a flexible electrode according to claim 1, wherein step (3) further comprises: the carbon cloth/transition metal oxide precursor composite is washed and dried in sequence before calcination.
7. The method for preparing a flexible electrode according to claim 1, wherein the calcining conditions in step (3) comprise: calcining under the protection of any one or at least two gases of nitrogen, argon or helium; the calcining temperature is 300-500 ℃; the calcining time is 2-10 h.
8. A flexible electrode, characterized in that it is prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. A supercapacitor, characterized in that it comprises a flexible electrode according to claim 8.
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| CN109148163A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2019-01-04 | 南京理工大学 | Carbon cloth/cobalt acid nickel nickel flexible electrode material and preparation method thereof |
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