CN111273342A - Prediction method and device for carbonate rock fracture-cave body and terminal - Google Patents
Prediction method and device for carbonate rock fracture-cave body and terminal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a method, a device and a terminal for predicting a carbonate rock fracture-cave body, wherein the method comprises the following steps: performing Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) measurement on a preset distance of a target fracture-cavity body obtained preliminarily, and obtaining VSP speed and lithology information of a drilled section; updating a pre-established underground speed model according to the VSP speed and lithological information of the drilled well section; carrying out migration imaging processing on a target well area obtained in advance in a preset range by using the updated underground velocity model to obtain a seismic data volume; re-depicting the pre-established three-dimensional space model according to the seismic data volume to obtain a new three-dimensional space model of the target fracture-cavity body; the new three-dimensional space model is used for predicting the space position of the target fracture-cavity body to obtain prediction information, so that the accuracy of predicting the carbonate target fracture-cavity body can be improved, the position of a drilling target point can be accurately predicted, the certainty of drilling a target reservoir stratum is guaranteed, and the prediction method is stable and reliable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geological exploration, in particular to a method, a device and a terminal for predicting a carbonate rock fracture-cave body.
Background
Research shows that the carbonate rock fracture-cave body is mainly a product under the karst action and is a geological reservoir body consisting of interconnected caves, secondary erosion caves and cracks. Due to the heterogeneity of the karst effect, the scale size, the spatial distribution and the enrichment degree of the development of the carbonate rock fracture-cave body show very strong difference. This difference has different response characteristics on seismic data: the carbonate geological reservoir body is developed to a certain scale (such as a large-scale cave, a fracture-cave communicated aggregate, a fracture dense zone and the like), and the carbonate geological reservoir body is often represented as a low-frequency and strong-amplitude bead-string-shaped reflection on a data body after earthquake stacking; when the carbonate geological reservoir body is large in scale and the plane distribution is far larger than the longitudinal direction, the carbonate geological reservoir body is represented as a flaky strong reflection on the post-stack seismic data body; when the single scale of the carbonate geological reservoir body is small or the local enrichment degree is relatively low, the carbonate geological reservoir body is represented as a disordered reflection characteristic on the seismic post-stack data body; when carbonate geological reservoirs are too small in size or do not develop substantially, weak reflections appear on seismic post-stack data volumes.
The 'bead string' shaped reflection, the sheet-shaped reflection, the disordered reflection and the combination thereof are seismic responses of the carbonate rock fracture-cavity body, and are the most intuitive and accurate information for reflecting the three-dimensional space position and the geometric model of the underground drilling target fracture-cavity body in the current oil-gas exploration. In the traditional well site design and drilling, firstly, an underground velocity model before drilling is established, seismic data is subjected to migration imaging by using the model, and once the steps are completed, the work of the underground fracture-cavity body imaging stage is considered to be completed. The seismic imaging data volume is then provided to an interpreter for reservoir identification and well placement determination. After the well location is determined, the drilling objectives and depth predictions are provided to the drilling department for drilling plans, casing design, and the like.
However, in the actual drilling process, after the well actual measurement data is obtained, the underground fracture body model before drilling often has a significant difference from the actual data. For this case, it is now common to update the depth prediction by performing a one-dimensional longitudinal stretch with the actual velocity data that has been obtained. However, if the model of the fractured-vuggy body before drilling is not accurate enough, the horizontal position of a drilling target has errors, and the one-dimensional longitudinal stretching can not put the fractured-vuggy body back to the correct spatial position, so that the carbonate fractured-vuggy body can not be directly hit by a drill bit. In this case, compensation is required by techniques such as sidetracking or splitting rock. However, the above methods do not accurately predict the drilling location, increasing the uncertainty of drilling to the target reservoir, and further complicating the drilling and casing methods.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a prediction method, a prediction device and a prediction terminal for a carbonate rock fracture-cave body, which are used for solving the problems that the drilling position cannot be accurately predicted, the uncertainty of drilling a target reservoir is improved, and further the drilling and casing method is complicated in the prior art.
The first aspect of the embodiment of the invention provides a method for predicting a carbonate rock fracture-cave body, which comprises the following steps:
performing Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) measurement on a preset distance of a target fracture-cavity body obtained preliminarily, and obtaining VSP speed and lithology information of a drilled section;
updating a pre-established underground speed model according to the VSP speed and lithology information of the drilled well section;
carrying out migration imaging processing on a target well area obtained in advance in a preset range by using the updated underground velocity model to obtain a seismic data volume;
re-depicting a pre-established three-dimensional space model according to the seismic data volume to obtain a new three-dimensional space model of the target fracture-cavity body;
and predicting the space position of the target fracture-cavity body by using the new three-dimensional space model to obtain prediction information.
The method as described above, after predicting the spatial location of the target fracture-cavity body using the new three-dimensional spatial model, the method further comprising:
predicting a target spot and a target entering mode according to the spatial position of the target crack body;
and adjusting the pre-target track in front of the drill bit by using the target point and the target entering mode.
The method for performing Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) measurement at the preset distance of the preliminarily acquired target fracture-cavity body comprises the following steps:
determining one or more VSP measurement positions located at a preset distance from the target slot body;
VSP measurements are taken at the VSP measurement locations.
The method for obtaining the VSP speed and the lithology information of the drilled section comprises the following steps:
obtaining VSP measured data after VSP measurement, wherein the VSP measured data is zero offset VSP measured data information or non-zero offset VSP measured data information;
and processing the VSP actual measurement data to obtain the VSP speed and lithology information of the drilled well section.
The method as described above, further comprising:
acquiring three-dimensional seismic data;
and establishing a three-dimensional space model of the target fracture-cavity body according to the three-dimensional seismic data.
The method as described above, further comprising:
acquiring actual measurement information of a drilled target fracture-cavity body;
judging whether the actual measurement information is consistent with the prediction information;
and if the actual measurement information is inconsistent with the predicted information, checking and adjusting the VSP speed and the lithological information of the drilled well section according to a preset adjusting strategy until the actual measurement information is consistent with the acquired predicted information.
The second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a prediction apparatus for a carbonate rock fracture-cave body, including:
the measurement module is used for performing Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) measurement on a preset distance of a primarily acquired target fracture-cavity body to acquire VSP speed and lithology information of a drilled section;
the updating module is used for updating a pre-established underground speed model according to the VSP speed and lithology information of the drilled well section;
the processing module is used for carrying out migration imaging processing on a pre-acquired target well region in a preset range by using the updated underground velocity model to acquire a seismic data volume;
the acquisition module is used for re-depicting a pre-established three-dimensional space model according to the seismic data volume and acquiring a new three-dimensional space model of the target fracture-cavity body;
and the prediction module is used for predicting the space position of the target fracture-cavity body by utilizing the new three-dimensional space model to obtain prediction information.
The device as described above, the prediction module is further configured to predict a target point and a target entering manner according to the spatial position of the target fracture-cavity after predicting the spatial position of the target fracture-cavity by using the new three-dimensional spatial model;
the device further comprises:
and the adjusting module is used for adjusting the pre-target track in front of the drill bit by utilizing the target point and the target entering mode.
The apparatus as described above, the measurement module to:
determining one or more VSP measurement positions located at a preset distance from the target slot body;
VSP measurements are taken at the VSP measurement locations.
The apparatus as described above, the measurement module, further configured to:
obtaining VSP measured data after VSP measurement, wherein the VSP measured data is zero offset VSP measured data information or non-zero offset VSP measured data information;
and processing the VSP actual measurement data to obtain the VSP speed and lithology information of the drilled well section.
The apparatus as described above, the acquiring module further configured to acquire three-dimensional seismic data;
the device further comprises:
and the establishing module is used for establishing a three-dimensional space model of the target fracture-cavity body according to the three-dimensional seismic data.
The device, the obtaining module, is further configured to obtain measured information of the drilled target fracture-cavity body;
the device further comprises: a determination module configured to:
judging whether the actual measurement information is consistent with the prediction information;
and if the actual measurement information is inconsistent with the predicted information, checking and adjusting the VSP speed and the lithological information of the drilled well section according to a preset adjusting strategy until the actual measurement information is consistent with the acquired predicted information.
The third aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a terminal for predicting a carbonate rock fracture-cave body, including:
a memory;
a processor; and
a computer program;
wherein the computer program is stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor to implement a method of predicting a carbonate rock fracture-cavity body of the first aspect.
A fourth aspect of embodiments of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon;
the computer program is executed by a processor to implement a method of predicting a carbonate rock fracture-cavern body as described in the first aspect above.
According to the carbonate rock fracture-cave body prediction method, the carbonate rock fracture-cave body prediction device and the terminal, Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) measurement is carried out at the preset distance of a preliminarily obtained target fracture-cave body, and a pre-established underground velocity model is updated by utilizing the obtained VSP velocity and lithological information of a drilled well section; then carrying out offset imaging processing on a target well region obtained in advance in a preset range by using the updated underground speed model, and obtaining a new three-dimensional space model of the target fracture-cavity body; and finally, predicting the spatial position of the target fracture-cavity body by using the new three-dimensional spatial model, effectively improving the accuracy and reliability of predicting the carbonate target fracture-cavity body, realizing the accurate prediction of the drilling target position, and ensuring the certainty of drilling the target reservoir stratum, thereby embodying the stability and reliability of the prediction method and being beneficial to popularization and application in the market.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for predicting a carbonate rock fracture-cave body according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart illustrating another method for predicting a carbonate fracture cavity according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a vertical seismic profile VSP measurement performed at a preset distance from a primarily acquired target fracture-cavity according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of the method for obtaining VSP velocity and lithology information of a drilled section according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for predicting a carbonate rock fracture-cave body according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for predicting a carbonate rock fracture-cave body according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7a is a graph illustrating a comparison of velocity spectra before a typical well VSP constraint according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7b is a graph showing a comparison of velocity spectra after the restriction of a typical well VSP according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7c is a graph illustrating a comparison of velocity spectra before and after a typical well VSP constraint according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8a is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of a subsurface velocity model before a VSP constraint for a typical well according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8b is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of a model of the subsurface velocity after the restriction of a VSP in a typical well according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of seismic profile characteristics of a target fracture-cavity body before/after a VSP constraint for a typical well according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10a is a schematic diagram of the property of a target slot volume before a VSP constraint for a typical well zone according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10b is a schematic diagram of the property of the object slot plane after the restriction of a typical well region VSP according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating a comparison of the overlap of the target slot body plane positions before/after the VSP constraint for a typical well zone according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12a is a schematic view of a spatial carving of a target fracture-cavity before a constraint of a typical well zone VSP according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12b is a schematic view of a target fracture-cavity space sculpting after confinement of a typical well zone VSP according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a prediction apparatus for a carbonate rock fracture-cave body according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a prediction terminal of a carbonate rock fracture cavity according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The terms "comprises" and "comprising," and any variations thereof, in the description and claims of this invention, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, e.g., a process or an apparatus that comprises a list of steps is not necessarily limited to those structures or steps expressly listed but may include other steps or structures not expressly listed or inherent to such process or apparatus.
In order to facilitate understanding of the technical solution provided by the embodiment, the following describes characteristics of the carbonate fracture-cavern body, wherein the carbonate fracture-cavern body is a geological reservoir body composed of interconnected caves, secondary erosion caves and cracks, and has different geological structures and rock physical characteristics from those of the surrounding rock. Because the carbonate fracture-cave body generally has different geophysical characteristics from surrounding rocks on seismic data, a three-dimensional spatial position and a geometric model of the carbonate fracture-cave body can be described through a seismic reservoir prediction and description method.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a method for predicting a carbonate rock fracture-cavity body according to an embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 1 based on the above statements, the embodiment provides a method for predicting a carbonate rock fracture-cavity body, specifically, a method for accurately hitting a carbonate rock fracture-cavity body by using VSP seismic while drilling guidance, so as to achieve an accurate hit of a favorable position of a carbonate rock target fracture-cavity body, and specifically, the method includes:
s101: performing Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) measurement on a preset distance of a target fracture-cavity body obtained preliminarily, and obtaining VSP speed and lithology information of a drilled section;
the target fracture-cavity body refers to a fracture-cavity body to be drilled, and specifically refer to fig. 9, which shows seismic profile characteristics of the target fracture-cavity body before/after a certain typical well VSP is constrained, or refer to fig. 10a and 10b, which show plane attributes of the target fracture-cavity body before/after a certain typical well VSP is constrained, or refer to fig. 11, in which 100 is a target fracture-cavity body plane position before drilling and 200 is a target fracture-cavity body plane position after VSP is constrained; the Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) is a borehole seismic observation technology, and compared with the ground earthquake, VSP data has high signal-to-noise ratio, high resolution and obvious wave kinematics and dynamics characteristics; the VSP technology provides the most direct corresponding relation between the underground low-rise structure and the ground measurement parameters, can provide an accurate time-depth conversion and velocity model for ground seismic data processing and interpretation, and provides support for zero-phase wavelet analysis. Furthermore, VSP measurement is carried out on the preset distance of the target fracture body, so that VSP speed and lithology information of a drilled section can be obtained, and the accuracy and reliability of obtaining the VSP speed and the lithology information of the drilled section can be effectively guaranteed. For example, referring to FIGS. 7a, 7b, and 7c, a comparison of velocity spectra before and after a constraint on a typical well VSP further highlights the accurate reliability of VSP velocity obtained after VSP measurements.
In addition, the numerical range of the preset distance is not limited in this embodiment, and a person skilled in the art can limit the preset distance according to specific design requirements, and preferably, the preset distance can be as small as possible to achieve a short distance from the target fracture-cavity body, so that the accuracy of VSP measurement can be effectively ensured.
S102: updating a pre-established underground speed model according to the VSP speed and lithological information of the drilled well section;
the underground velocity model is an underground seismic velocity model used for underground geologic body migration imaging in the three-dimensional region, and after VSP velocity and lithology information of a drilled well section are obtained, the obtained VSP velocity and lithology information of the drilled well section can be used as a constraint condition to update the underground velocity model, so that the accuracy of the underground velocity model can be improved.
S103: carrying out migration imaging processing on a target well area obtained in advance in a preset range by using the updated underground velocity model to obtain a seismic data volume;
the concrete numerical value of the preset range is not limited, and the technical personnel in the field can set according to the concrete design requirements as long as the preset range is a proper updating range, so that the offset imaging processing effect is ensured, the carbonate rock fracture-cave body can be accurately imaged at the underground real position, and the accuracy and reliability of seismic data body acquisition are further improved.
S104: re-depicting the pre-established three-dimensional space model according to the seismic data volume to obtain a new three-dimensional space model of the target fracture-cavity body;
specifically, a new round of earthquake fine earthquake structure explanation and target fracture-cavity space geometric shape carving are carried out on the earthquake data after the migration imaging processing, and the three-dimensional space precise position and geometric shape of the target fracture-cavity are accurately carved.
S105: and predicting the space position of the target fracture-cavity body by using the new three-dimensional space model to obtain prediction information.
After the new three-dimensional space model is obtained, the target fracture and hole body can be analyzed and processed through the new three-dimensional space model, specifically, reference may be made to fig. 12a and 12b, which are schematic diagrams of target fracture and hole body space carving structures before/after a certain typical well zone VSP constraint.
According to the prediction method of the carbonate rock fracture-cave body, Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) measurement is carried out on the preset distance of a target fracture-cave body which is obtained preliminarily, and the underground velocity model which is established in advance is updated by utilizing the obtained VSP velocity and lithological information of a drilled well section; then, carrying out offset imaging processing on a target well region obtained in advance in a preset range by using the updated underground speed model, and obtaining a new three-dimensional space model of the target fracture-cavity body; and finally, the new three-dimensional space model is used for predicting the space position of the target fracture-cavity body, so that the accuracy and the reliability of predicting the carbonate target fracture-cavity body are effectively improved, the accurate prediction of the drilling target position is realized, and the certainty of drilling the target reservoir stratum is ensured, thereby reflecting the stability and the reliability of the prediction method, and being beneficial to popularization and application of the market.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of another method for predicting a carbonate fracture-cavity body according to an embodiment of the present invention, and with reference to fig. 2, in order to further improve the practicability of the prediction method, after predicting the spatial position of the target fracture-cavity body by using the new three-dimensional spatial model, the method further includes:
s201: predicting a target spot and a target entering mode according to the spatial position of the target slot body;
specifically, according to a new result of the new three-dimensional space model, the three-dimensional space position and the target entering mode of the target spot are predicted by combining the height relation of the fracture-cavity body space, the development position of a high-quality reservoir, the prediction result of the oil-gas-containing property, the geological knowledge of oil-gas enrichment, the stress field characteristics of the target layer and the like.
S202: and adjusting the front target track in front of the drill bit by using the target point and the target entering mode.
Specifically, the predicted three-dimensional space position and target entering mode of the target point are provided for a drilling department, and pre-target track adjustment, a drilling scheme, casing design adjustment and the like in front of a drill bit are performed.
By predicting the target spot and the target entering mode and adjusting the pre-target track in front of the drill bit based on the predicted target spot and the target entering mode, the accuracy and the reliability of the drilling position prediction are effectively guaranteed, the certainty of drilling the target reservoir stratum is improved, meanwhile, the drilling and casing method is simplified, and the practicability of the prediction method is further improved.
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a vertical seismic profile VSP measurement performed at a preset distance from a primarily acquired target fracture-cavity according to an embodiment of the present invention; on the basis of the foregoing embodiment, with reference to fig. 3, it can be seen that, in this embodiment, a specific implementation process of performing vertical seismic profile VSP measurement on a preset distance of a preliminarily obtained target fracture-cavity body is not limited, and a person skilled in the art may set the process according to a specific design requirement, and preferably, performing vertical seismic profile VSP measurement on the preset distance of the preliminarily obtained target fracture-cavity body in this embodiment may include:
s1011: determining one or more VSP measuring positions located at a preset distance of a target slot body;
for the VSP measuring position, on the premise of ensuring well control safety and adjusting a front target track in front of a drill bit, the preset distance is close to a target fracture body as far as possible. If the subsurface geology is too complex, or the accuracy of the subsurface velocity model is too low, the imaging quality is too poor, multiple VSP measurement locations may be determined.
S1012: the VSP measurement is performed at the VSP measurement position.
After the VSP measurement locations are determined, VSP measurements can be taken at the determined one or more VSP measurement locations; when a plurality of VSP measuring positions exist, the VSP can be measured for a plurality of times, more information can be acquired, and the measuring precision of the prediction method can be effectively improved through more information and a plurality of measuring operations.
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of the method for obtaining VSP velocity and lithology information of a drilled section according to the embodiment of the present invention; based on the foregoing embodiments, with reference to fig. 4, it can be seen that, in this embodiment, a specific obtaining manner of the VSP speed and the lithology information of the drilled section is not limited, and a person skilled in the art may set the obtaining manner according to specific design requirements, and preferably, the obtaining of the lithology information of the VSP speed and the drilled section in this embodiment may include:
s1013: obtaining VSP actual measurement data after VSP measurement, wherein the VSP actual measurement data is zero offset VSP actual measurement data information or non-zero offset VSP actual measurement data information;
for the zero-offset VSP actual measurement data information, the offset distance of the zero-offset VSP actual measurement data information is small, the zero-offset VSP actual measurement data information is used for calculating the speed of a lateral layer of a well, the average speed, corridor superposition, layer position calibration and the like, and image processing is not generally performed. And for the non-zero offset VSP measured data information, the offset distance of the non-zero offset VSP measured data information is large, and the non-zero offset VSP measured data information is used for imaging of a structure beside a well.
S1014: and processing the VSP actual measurement data to obtain VSP speed and lithology information of the drilled well section.
The VSP speed can be obtained by analyzing and processing the VSP measured data according to a preset processing algorithm, and then lithology information of the drilled well section can be obtained. Therefore, the accuracy and reliability of VSP speed and lithology information acquisition are effectively ensured.
Fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a method for predicting a carbonate rock fracture-cave body according to an embodiment of the present invention, and based on the above embodiment, with reference to fig. 5, the method in this embodiment further includes;
s001: acquiring three-dimensional seismic data;
the three-dimensional seismic data refers to a three-dimensional seismic data body including a target fracture-cavity body.
S002: and establishing a three-dimensional space model of the target fracture-cavity body according to the three-dimensional seismic data.
The three-dimensional space model is a pre-drilling three-dimensional space model of the target fracture-cavity body, and specifically, the establishment of the pre-drilling three-dimensional space model of the target fracture-cavity body may include the following contents:
firstly, a seismic migration data volume of a target three-dimensional area and existing geological and well drilling information in the area and at the periphery are obtained. Carrying out seismic-geological layer calibration and determining a target layer; performing fine seismic structure interpretation on the target layer; and carrying out earthquake construction mapping on the target layer. And carrying out fracture-cave reservoir seismic prediction and fracture-cave body space geometric shape carving by combining the acquired geological and well drilling information and utilizing an applicable reservoir seismic prediction technology and a carving technology according to the seismic migration data volume and the seismic structure interpretation result. And carrying out oil-gas reservoir analysis on the target three-dimensional fracture-cavity body, preferably selecting a target fracture-cavity body deployment well position, and preparing before drilling.
Fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart of another method for predicting a carbonate rock fracture cavity according to an embodiment of the present invention, and further, on the basis of the foregoing embodiment, with reference to fig. 6, in order to further improve the practicability of the prediction method, the method in this embodiment further includes:
s301: acquiring actual measurement information of a drilled target fracture-cavity body;
s302: judging whether the actual measurement information is consistent with the prediction information;
s303: and if the actual measurement information is inconsistent with the predicted information, checking and adjusting the VSP speed and the lithological information of the drilled well section according to a preset adjusting strategy until the actual measurement information is consistent with the acquired predicted information.
Specifically, a drilled fracture hole body in the seismic data volume range is adopted to check and verify the prediction precision: judging whether the obtained actual measurement information of the drilled target fracture-cavity body is consistent with the prediction information or not, if the judgment result is that the actual measurement information is consistent with the prediction information, ending the prediction, and entering the next process; and if the actual measurement information is inconsistent with the prediction information, returning to the underground speed model of the target well area for updating, rechecking and adjusting related parameters and methods until the actual measurement information of the drilled target fracture-hole body is consistent with the prediction information, and then entering the next process.
In specific application, the embodiment provides a method for accurately hitting a carbonate rock fracture-cavity body by utilizing VSP (vertical seismic profiling) while drilling seismic guidance, and the purpose of accurately hitting the favorable position of the target fracture-cavity body of the carbonate rock is achieved.
Specifically, the method may include: establishing a pre-drilling three-dimensional space model of the target fracture-cavity body by using three-dimensional seismic data; VSP measurement is carried out at a certain distance (preset distance) from a target fracture body in the actual drilling process, and VSP speed and lithology information (lithology information) are obtained; updating the underground speed model by utilizing the VSP speed and lithology information, wherein the comparison effect of the underground speed model before and after updating can refer to FIGS. 8 a-8 b; selecting a proper updating range to carry out offset imaging processing on the target well region again by using the updated underground speed model; re-depicting the pre-drilling three-dimensional space model of the target fracture-cavity body by using the re-migrated seismic data body; re-predicting a target spot and a target entering mode by using the re-drawn three-dimensional space model of the target slot body; and re-adjusting the pre-target track in front of the drill bit by utilizing the re-predicted target point and the target entering mode.
And selecting a proper updating range to carry out offset imaging processing on the target well region again so as to enable the carbonate rock fracture-cave body to carry out accurate imaging on the underground real position. And selecting a proper updating range refers to reasonably determining the seismic migration imaging processing range of the target well zone again by taking the target fracture-cavity body as the center according to the buried depth of the target layer, the seismic reflection characteristics and the scale of the target fracture-cavity body, the complexity of the stratum rock change and velocity model above the target layer, the complexity of fracture structure activity, the information type of VSP (vertical seismic profiling) measured data, the migration algorithm, the migration aperture requirement and the like according to the timeliness and economic principles. If a drilled fracture-cavity body exists near the target fracture-cavity body, the drilled fracture-cavity body can be considered to be included in the updating range under the condition of meeting timeliness and economy, so that the updating precision can be checked and verified.
In addition, the drilling target area underground velocity model and the seismic data updating range are determined by combining the buried depth of a target layer, the seismic reflection characteristics and scale of a target fracture-cavity body, the complexity of stratum rock change and a velocity model above the target layer, the complexity of fracture structure activity, the information type of VSP measured data and the like.
In addition, the offset imaging method can realize accurate imaging and homing of the target slot body space. The method for predicting the three-dimensional space position of the target fracture-cavity body and the target spot and adjusting the track in front of the drill bit aims to clearly and accurately reflect the three-dimensional space position of the target fracture-cavity body and accurately hit the favorable position of the target fracture-cavity body.
According to the method for accurately hitting the carbonate rock fracture-cavity body by utilizing the VSP while-drilling seismic guiding, the underground speed model is constrained and updated by adopting VSP actual measurement information at a certain distance away from the target fracture-cavity body in the actual drilling process according to the characteristic that the underground real position and the seismic prediction position of the carbonate rock target fracture-cavity body possibly have deviation due to the accuracy of the underground speed model, the offset imaging is carried out again, the three-dimensional space position of the target fracture-cavity body and the target spot is predicted again, the front target track in front of the drill bit is adjusted again, the purpose of accurately hitting the favorable position of the target fracture-cavity body is achieved, the accuracy of the method is effectively improved, and the popularization and the application of the market are facilitated.
Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a prediction apparatus for a carbonate rock fracture-cavern body according to an embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 13, the present embodiment provides a prediction apparatus for a carbonate rock fracture-cavern body, which can perform the above prediction method for a carbonate rock fracture-cavern body, and specifically, the prediction apparatus may include:
the measurement module 1 is used for performing Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) measurement on a preset distance of a primarily acquired target fracture-cavity body to acquire VSP speed and lithology information of a drilled section;
the updating module 2 is used for updating the pre-established underground speed model according to the VSP speed and the lithology information of the drilled well section;
the processing module 3 is used for carrying out migration imaging processing on a pre-acquired target well region in a preset range by using the updated underground velocity model to acquire a seismic data volume;
the acquisition module 4 is used for re-depicting the pre-established three-dimensional space model according to the seismic data volume and acquiring a new three-dimensional space model of the target fracture-cavity body;
and the prediction module 5 is used for predicting the spatial position of the target fracture-cavity body by using the new three-dimensional spatial model to obtain prediction information.
In this embodiment, specific shape structures of the measurement module 1, the update module 2, the processing module 3, the obtaining module 4, and the prediction module 5 are not limited, and those skilled in the art can arbitrarily set the measurement module, the update module, the processing module, the obtaining module 4, and the prediction module 5 according to the implemented function, and no further description is given here; in addition, in this embodiment, the specific implementation process and implementation effect of the operation steps implemented by the measurement module 1, the update module 2, the processing module 3, the obtaining module 4, and the prediction module 5 are the same as those of steps S101 to S105 in the above embodiment, and specific reference may be made to the above statements, and details are not repeated here.
According to the prediction device of the carbonate rock fracture-cave body provided by the embodiment, the measurement module 1 is used for measuring the vertical seismic profile VSP at the preset distance of the preliminarily acquired target fracture-cave body, and the updating module 2 is used for updating the pre-established underground velocity model by using the acquired VSP velocity and the lithological information of the drilled well section; then the processing module 3 carries out offset imaging processing on the pre-acquired target well region in a preset range by using the updated underground speed model, and acquires a new three-dimensional space model of the target fracture-cavity body; and finally, the prediction module 5 predicts the spatial position of the target fracture-cavity body by using the new three-dimensional spatial model, so that the accuracy and the reliability of predicting the carbonate target fracture-cavity body are effectively improved, the accurate prediction of the drilling target position is realized, and the certainty of reaching a target reservoir stratum is ensured, thereby reflecting the stability and the reliability of the use of the prediction device and being beneficial to the popularization and the application of the market.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, with reference to fig. 13, the prediction module 5 in this embodiment may further perform the following steps:
the prediction module 5 is further used for predicting a target point and a target entering mode according to the spatial position of the target slot after predicting the spatial position of the target slot by using the new three-dimensional spatial model;
the device still includes:
and the adjusting module 6 is used for adjusting the pre-target track in front of the drill bit by using the target point and the target entering mode.
In this embodiment, the specific shape and structure of the adjusting module 6 are not limited, and those skilled in the art can arbitrarily set the adjusting module according to the function implemented by the adjusting module, which is not described herein again; in addition, in this embodiment, the specific implementation process and implementation effect of the operation steps implemented by the prediction module 5 and the adjustment module 6 are the same as the specific implementation process and implementation effect of the steps S201 to S202 in the above embodiment, and the above statements may be specifically referred to, and are not repeated herein.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, with reference to fig. 13, in this embodiment, a specific implementation manner of the measurement module 1 performing the vertical seismic profile VSP measurement on the preset distance of the preliminarily obtained target fracture-cavity body is not limited, and a person skilled in the art may set the measurement module according to a specific design requirement, and preferably, when the measurement module 1 performs the vertical seismic profile VSP measurement on the preset distance of the preliminarily obtained target fracture-cavity body, the measurement module 1 may perform the following steps:
determining one or more VSP measuring positions located at a preset distance of a target slot body; the VSP measurement is performed at the VSP measurement position.
Further, when the measurement module 1 acquires the VSP velocity and the lithology information of the drilled section, the measurement module 1 is further configured to perform: obtaining VSP actual measurement data after VSP measurement, wherein the VSP actual measurement data is zero offset VSP actual measurement data information or non-zero offset VSP actual measurement data information; and processing the VSP actual measurement data to obtain VSP speed and lithology information of the drilled well section.
The prediction apparatus for carbonate rock fracture-cavern body provided in this embodiment can be used to perform the methods in the embodiments of fig. 3 to 4, and the specific implementation manner and the beneficial effects thereof are similar and will not be described herein again.
On the basis of the above embodiment, as can be seen with continued reference to fig. 13, in order to improve the use of the apparatus, the acquisition module 4 in the apparatus may also be used to acquire three-dimensional seismic data;
at this time, the apparatus further includes:
and the establishing module 7 is used for establishing a three-dimensional space model of the target fracture-cavity body according to the three-dimensional seismic data.
In this embodiment, the specific shape and structure of the adjusting module 7 are not limited, and those skilled in the art can arbitrarily set the adjusting module according to the function implemented by the adjusting module, which is not described herein again; in addition, the specific implementation process and implementation effect of the operation steps implemented by the obtaining module 4 and the establishing module 7 in this embodiment are the same as the specific implementation process and implementation effect of the steps S001 to S002 in the above embodiment, and the above statements may be specifically referred to, and are not repeated herein.
Further, on the basis of the above embodiment, as can be seen by referring to fig. 13, in order to further improve the use of the present device, the obtaining module 4 in the device may also be used to obtain actual measurement information of the drilled target fracture-cavity body;
at this time, the apparatus further includes: a judging module 8, configured to:
judging whether the actual measurement information is consistent with the prediction information; and if the actual measurement information is inconsistent with the predicted information, checking and adjusting the VSP speed and the lithological information of the drilled well section according to a preset adjusting strategy until the actual measurement information is consistent with the acquired predicted information.
In this embodiment, the specific shape and structure of the judgment module 8 are not limited, and those skilled in the art can arbitrarily set the judgment module according to the function implemented by the judgment module, which is not described herein again; in addition, the specific implementation process and implementation effect of the operation steps implemented by the obtaining module 4 and the determining module 8 in this embodiment are the same as the specific implementation process and implementation effect of steps S301 to S303 in the foregoing embodiment, and the above statements may be specifically referred to, and are not described again here.
Another aspect of the present embodiment also provides a prediction terminal for a carbonate rock fracture-cave body, including:
a memory;
a processor; and
a computer program;
wherein the computer program is stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor to perform the above-described method of predicting a carbonate fracture cavity.
Specifically, fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a prediction terminal of a carbonate rock fracture-cavity body according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 14, the predictive terminal 800 may include one or more of the following components: a processing component 802, a memory 804, a power component 806, a multimedia component 808, an audio component 810, an input/output (I/O) interface 812, a sensor component 814, and a communication component 816.
The processing component 802 generally controls overall operation of the predictive terminal 800, such as operations associated with display, telephone calls, data communications, camera operations, and recording operations. The processing components 802 may include one or more processors 820 to execute instructions to perform all or a portion of the steps of the methods described above. Further, the processing component 802 can include one or more modules that facilitate interaction between the processing component 802 and other components. For example, the processing component 802 can include a multimedia module to facilitate interaction between the multimedia component 808 and the processing component 802.
The memory 804 is configured to store various types of data to support operations at the predictive terminal 800. Examples of such data include instructions for any application or method operating on predictive terminal 800, contact data, phonebook data, messages, pictures, videos, and so forth. The memory 804 may be implemented by any type or combination of volatile or non-volatile memory devices such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic memory, flash memory, magnetic or optical disks.
The power component 806 provides power to the various components of the predictive terminal 800. The power components 806 may include a power management system, one or more power sources, and other components associated with generating, managing, and distributing power for the predictive terminal 800.
The multimedia component 808 includes a screen that provides an output interface between the predictive terminal 800 and the user. In some embodiments, the screen may include a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and a Touch Panel (TP). If the screen includes a touch panel, the screen may be implemented as a touch screen to receive an input signal from a user. The touch panel includes one or more touch sensors to sense touch, slide, and gestures on the touch panel. The touch sensor may not only sense the boundary of a touch or slide action, but also detect the duration and pressure associated with the touch or slide operation.
The audio component 810 is configured to output and/or input audio signals. For example, the audio component 810 includes a Microphone (MIC) configured to receive an external audio signal when the terminal 800 is predicted to be in an operating mode, such as a call mode, a recording mode, and a voice recognition mode. The received audio signals may further be stored in the memory 804 or transmitted via the communication component 816. In some embodiments, audio component 810 also includes a speaker for outputting audio signals.
The I/O interface 812 provides an interface between the processing component 802 and peripheral interface modules, which may be keyboards, click wheels, buttons, etc. These buttons may include, but are not limited to: a home button, a volume button, a start button, and a lock button.
The sensor assembly 814 includes one or more sensors for providing various aspects of state assessment for the predictive terminal 800. For example, sensor assembly 814 may detect an open/closed state of predictive terminal 800, the relative positioning of components, such as a display and keypad of predictive terminal 800, sensor assembly 814 may detect a change in position of predictive terminal 800 or a component of predictive terminal 800, the presence or absence of user contact with predictive terminal 800, the orientation or acceleration/deceleration of predictive terminal 800, and a change in temperature of predictive terminal 800. Sensor assembly 814 may include a proximity sensor configured to detect the presence of a nearby object without any physical contact. Sensor assembly 814 may also include a camera assembly, which may employ, for example, a CMOS or CCD image sensor, for use in imaging applications. In some embodiments, the sensor assembly 814 may also include an acceleration sensor, a gyroscope sensor, a magnetic sensor, a pressure sensor, or a temperature sensor.
The communication component 816 is configured to facilitate communication between the predictive terminal 800 and other devices in a wired or wireless manner. The predictive terminal 800 may access a wireless network based on a communication standard, such as WiFi, 2G or 3G, or a combination thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, the communication component 816 receives a broadcast signal or broadcast related information from an external broadcast management system via a broadcast channel. In an exemplary embodiment, communications component 816 further includes a Near Field Communications (NFC) module to facilitate short-range communications. For example, the NFC module may be implemented based on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology, infrared data association (IrDA) technology, Ultra Wideband (UWB) technology, Bluetooth (BT) technology, and other technologies.
In an exemplary embodiment, the predictive terminal 800 may be implemented by one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), controllers, micro-controllers, microprocessors, or other electronic components for performing the above-described methods.
A fourth aspect of embodiments of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon; the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the above-described method for predicting a carbonate fracture cavity.
Finally, it should be noted that, as one of ordinary skill in the art can appreciate, all or part of the processes in the methods of the embodiments described above can be implemented by hardware related to instructions of a computer program, and the program can be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and when executed, the program can include the processes in the embodiments of the methods described above. The storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), or the like.
Each functional unit in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing module, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one module. The integrated module can be realized in a hardware mode, and can also be realized in a software functional module mode. The integrated module, if implemented in the form of a software functional module and sold or used as a separate product, may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium. The storage medium mentioned above may be a read-only memory, a magnetic or optical disk, etc.
The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. A method for predicting a carbonate rock fracture-cave body is characterized by comprising the following steps:
performing Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) measurement on a preset distance of a target fracture-cavity body obtained preliminarily, and obtaining VSP speed and lithology information of a drilled section;
updating a pre-established underground speed model according to the VSP speed and lithology information of the drilled well section;
carrying out migration imaging processing on a target well area obtained in advance in a preset range by using the updated underground velocity model to obtain a seismic data volume;
re-depicting a pre-established three-dimensional space model according to the seismic data volume to obtain a new three-dimensional space model of the target fracture-cavity body;
and predicting the space position of the target fracture-cavity body by using the new three-dimensional space model to obtain prediction information.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein after predicting the spatial location of the target fracture-cavity using the new three-dimensional spatial model, the method further comprises:
predicting a target spot and a target entering mode according to the spatial position of the target crack body;
and adjusting the pre-target track in front of the drill bit by using the target point and the target entering mode.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein performing Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) measurements at a pre-set distance from the preliminarily acquired target fracture-cavity body comprises:
determining one or more VSP measurement positions located at a preset distance from the target slot body;
VSP measurements are taken at the VSP measurement locations.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the obtaining VSP velocity and lithology information for the drilled section comprises:
obtaining VSP measured data after VSP measurement, wherein the VSP measured data is zero offset VSP measured data information or non-zero offset VSP measured data information;
and processing the VSP actual measurement data to obtain the VSP speed and lithology information of the drilled well section.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, further comprising:
acquiring three-dimensional seismic data;
and establishing a three-dimensional space model of the target fracture-cavity body according to the three-dimensional seismic data.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, further comprising:
acquiring actual measurement information of a drilled target fracture-cavity body;
judging whether the actual measurement information is consistent with the prediction information;
and if the actual measurement information is inconsistent with the predicted information, checking and adjusting the VSP speed and the lithological information of the drilled well section according to a preset adjusting strategy until the actual measurement information is consistent with the acquired predicted information.
7. A prediction device of a carbonate rock fracture-cave body, comprising:
the measurement module is used for performing Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) measurement on a preset distance of a primarily acquired target fracture-cavity body to acquire VSP speed and lithology information of a drilled section;
the updating module is used for updating a pre-established underground speed model according to the VSP speed and lithology information of the drilled well section;
the processing module is used for carrying out migration imaging processing on a pre-acquired target well region in a preset range by using the updated underground velocity model to acquire a seismic data volume;
the acquisition module is used for re-depicting a pre-established three-dimensional space model according to the seismic data volume and acquiring a new three-dimensional space model of the target fracture-cavity body;
and the prediction module is used for predicting the space position of the target fracture-cavity body by utilizing the new three-dimensional space model to obtain prediction information.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein:
the prediction module is further used for predicting a target point and a target entering mode according to the space position of the target slot after predicting the space position of the target slot by using the new three-dimensional space model;
the device further comprises:
and the adjusting module is used for adjusting the pre-target track in front of the drill bit by utilizing the target point and the target entering mode.
9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the measurement module is configured to:
determining one or more VSP measurement positions located at a preset distance from the target slot body;
VSP measurements are taken at the VSP measurement locations.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the measurement module is further configured to:
obtaining VSP measured data after VSP measurement, wherein the VSP measured data is zero offset VSP measured data information or non-zero offset VSP measured data information;
and processing the VSP actual measurement data to obtain the VSP speed and lithology information of the drilled well section.
11. The apparatus according to any one of claims 7 to 10,
the acquisition module is also used for acquiring three-dimensional seismic data;
the device further comprises:
and the establishing module is used for establishing a three-dimensional space model of the target fracture-cavity body according to the three-dimensional seismic data.
12. The apparatus according to any one of claims 7 to 10,
the acquisition module is also used for acquiring the actual measurement information of the drilled target crack body;
the device further comprises: a determination module configured to:
judging whether the actual measurement information is consistent with the prediction information;
and if the actual measurement information is inconsistent with the predicted information, checking and adjusting the VSP speed and the lithological information of the drilled well section according to a preset adjusting strategy until the actual measurement information is consistent with the acquired predicted information.
13. A prediction terminal of a carbonate rock fracture-cave body is characterized by comprising:
a memory;
a processor; and
a computer program;
wherein the computer program is stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor to implement a method of predicting a carbonate fracture cavity of any of claims 1-6.
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