CN111273255A - Laser radar transmitting device and laser radar - Google Patents
Laser radar transmitting device and laser radar Download PDFInfo
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- CN111273255A CN111273255A CN201811475716.1A CN201811475716A CN111273255A CN 111273255 A CN111273255 A CN 111273255A CN 201811475716 A CN201811475716 A CN 201811475716A CN 111273255 A CN111273255 A CN 111273255A
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4814—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of transmitters alone
- G01S7/4815—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of transmitters alone using multiple transmitters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of laser radars, and discloses a laser radar transmitting device which comprises a laser generating unit and a laser transmitting unit, wherein the laser generating unit comprises a plurality of laser transmitters; a rotation unit including a rotation shaft; a reflector connected with the rotating shaft and provided with a reflecting surface obliquely arranged with the rotating shaft; a collimating unit disposed on an optical path between the laser generating unit and the reflector; a plurality of laser beams emitted by the laser emitters are collimated by the collimating units respectively and then are incident on the reflecting surface of the reflector, and the rotating shaft drives the reflector to rotate so as to reflect the laser beams incident on the reflecting surface. The collimating system that this application adopted reflective collimating mirror system or collimating lens and speculum combination, stable in structure can design the angle of each laser outgoing in a flexible way according to actual need, realizes the scanning of big visual field in the vertical direction.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of laser radars, in particular to a laser radar transmitting device and a laser radar.
Background
At present, 360-degree laser radars adopt a mode of rotating together with an electronic system to scan. The elevation angle of each transmitted or received scanning visual field is unchanged, and the scanning is rotated to form a scanning ring belt. The plurality of scan zones are superposed to form a scan field of view. The laser radar capable of scanning 360 degrees needs the light emitting and receiving device, the electronic control system and the optical system to rotate together for scanning, and has high requirements on a rotating mechanism and high difficulty.
The Chinese patent application 'multiline laser radar based on multiple lasers' (application number: 201710463616.6) discloses a multiline laser radar based on multiple lasers, which comprises a rotor and a stator; a bearing body and an optical collimating device are arranged in the rotor, and a plurality of lasers are arranged on the bearing body; the projection points of the lasers on the carrier body on a vertical plane comprising the main shaft of the optical collimating device are distributed in a density mode in the up-down direction. Although the laser radar with the structure realizes that the scanning lines in the vertical direction have density distribution, the density of the scanning lines in the 360-degree direction in the horizontal direction is consistent, and the laser radar is not suitable for application with different requirements on the density height in different directions in the horizontal direction. In addition, the whole of the laser, the optical collimating device and the like in the structure rotate along with the rotor, the structure is complex, and the stability is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of this application is to provide a laser radar emitter and laser radar, can realize that 360 all-round large-view field's laser scanning surveys, and has the high resolution of different density in vertical direction, simple structure, stability.
In order to achieve one of the above objects, the present application provides a laser radar transmitting apparatus including:
a laser generating unit including a plurality of laser emitters;
a rotation unit including a rotation shaft;
a reflector having a reflective surface, the reflector being coupled to the rotational axis; the reflecting surface and the rotating shaft form an inclined included angle, and the reflecting surface is used for changing the propagation direction of the laser emitted by the laser emitter;
the collimation unit is arranged on a light path between the laser generation unit and the reflector and is used for collimating the laser emitted by the laser emitter;
multiple laser beams emitted by the laser emitters are collimated by the collimating units and then incident on the reflecting surface of the reflector, and the rotating shaft drives the reflector to rotate so as to reflect the laser beams incident on the reflecting surface.
As a further improvement of the embodiment, the collimating unit is a reflective collimating mirror system or a collimating lens and reflector combined system.
As a further improvement of the embodiment, the reflective collimating mirror system includes a plurality of aspheric mirrors, and the laser emitted by the laser emitter is collimated and incident on the reflecting surface of the reflector after multiple reflections by the plurality of aspheric mirrors.
As a further improvement of the embodiment, the reflecting surface of the reflector faces the laser generating unit and is inclined to the plane of the laser generating unit; the reflective collimator lens system comprises three aspheric surface reflecting mirrors.
As a further improvement of the embodiment, the three aspherical mirrors respectively include: a first annular arc surface surrounding the laser generating unit, a second annular arc surface surrounding the axis of rotation, and a third aspheric reflective surface opposite the reflector; each laser transmitter of the laser generating unit is arranged around the third aspheric reflecting surface; and laser emitted by the laser emitter is reflected by the first annular cambered surface, the second annular cambered surface and the third aspheric surface reflecting surface in sequence and then is collimated to be incident to the reflecting surface of the reflector.
As a further improvement of the embodiment, the reflecting surface of the reflector faces away from the laser generating unit and is inclined to the plane of the laser generating unit; the reflective collimator lens system comprises two aspheric surface reflecting mirrors.
As a further improvement of the embodiment, the two aspherical mirrors respectively include: a first annular arc surface surrounding the laser generating unit, and a second aspheric reflective surface opposite to the reflector; and laser emitted by the laser emitter is reflected by the first annular cambered surface and the second aspheric surface reflecting surface in sequence and then is collimated to be incident to the reflecting surface of the reflector.
As a further improvement of the embodiment, the second aspheric mirror is a second annular arc or a perfect arc.
As a further improvement of the embodiment, the collimating unit is a collimating lens and reflector combination system; the collimating unit comprises a collimating lens and at least one reflector;
the reflecting surface of the reflector is back to the laser generating unit and is inclined to the plane where the laser generating unit is located;
laser emitted by the laser emitter is incident on the collimating lens after being reflected by the reflecting mirror, and is incident on the reflecting surface of the reflector after being collimated by the collimating lens.
As a further development of the embodiment, the plurality of laser emitters is distributed around the rotation axis or an extension of the rotation axis.
Another technical scheme provided by the application is as follows: a laser radar comprises a transmitting device and a receiving device, wherein the transmitting device adopts the laser radar transmitting device in any one of the above embodiments; the receiving device comprises a plurality of light detectors, and the return light received by the laser radar is reflected to the collimating unit by the reflecting surface of the reflector, and is incident on the corresponding light detectors after passing through the collimating unit.
The beneficial effect of this application: the adoption of a reflective collimating mirror system or a collimating system combining a collimating lens and a reflecting mirror has stable structure, and can flexibly design the emergent angle of each laser according to actual needs and realize large-field scanning in the vertical direction; the single reflector rotating structure is adopted to realize 360-degree laser scanning, and the structure is simple and stable; through the distribution design of the laser emitters, the laser scanning detection of 360-degree omnibearing large view field is realized in a single reflector rotating structure, and different resolution distributions in the vertical directions of different directions are realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser radar transmitting device in embodiment 1 of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of laser emitters in embodiment 1 of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a scanning point track of a scanning laser rotating with a reflector in the embodiment 1 of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a cloud of scanning points of example 1 of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a lidar transmitting apparatus 1 according to embodiment 2 of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a lidar transmitting apparatus of embodiment 2 of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a partial optical path of a laser radar transmitting device in embodiment 2 of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a partial optical path of a laser radar transmitting device in embodiment 3 of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a partial optical path of a laser radar transmitting device in embodiment 4 of the present application;
FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser radar in embodiment 5 of the present application;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of laser emitters and photodetectors in example 5;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of laser transmitters and photodetectors of a lidar according to embodiment 6 of the present application;
fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a lidar in embodiment 7 of the present application.
Reference numerals: 10. a holder unit; 110. a first mounting table; 111. a first mounting surface; 112. a third mounting surface; 120. a second mounting table; 121. a second mounting surface; 130. a third mounting table; 131. a fourth mounting surface; 20. a laser generating unit; 21. a laser generator; 22. a heat sink; 23. a transmitting circuit board; 24. a circuit board; 30. a rotation unit; 31. a rotating shaft; 40. a reflector; 41. a reflective surface; 50. a collimating unit; 51. a first aspherical mirror; 52. a second aspherical mirror; 53. a third aspherical mirror; 54. a first reflector; 55. a second reflector; 56. a collimating lens; 60. a light detector; 61. receiving a circuit board; 30', a second rotating unit; 31', a second rotation axis; 40', a receiving reflector; 41', a receiving reflective surface; 50', a focusing unit; 51', a fourth aspheric mirror; 52' fifth aspheric mirror; 53', sixth aspherical mirror.
Detailed Description
The present application will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments thereof as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are not intended to limit the present application, and structural, methodological, or functional changes made by those skilled in the art according to these embodiments are included in the scope of the present application.
In the various illustrations of the present application, certain dimensions of structures or portions may be exaggerated relative to other structures or portions for ease of illustration and, thus, are provided to illustrate only the basic structure of the subject matter of the present application.
Also, terms used herein such as "upper," "above," "lower," "below," and the like, denote relative spatial positions of one element or feature with respect to another element or feature as illustrated in the figures for ease of description. The spatially relative positional terms may be intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "below" or "beneath" other elements or features would then be oriented "above" the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term "below" can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly. When an element or layer is referred to as being "on," or "connected" to another element or layer, it can be directly on, connected to, or intervening elements or layers may be present.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the lidar transmitting apparatus includes a holder unit 10, a laser generating unit 20, a rotating unit 30, a reflector 40, and a collimating unit 50. The fixed frame unit 10 includes a first mounting stage 110 and a second mounting stage 120, wherein the first mounting stage 110 has a first mounting surface 111, and the second mounting stage 120 has a second mounting surface 121 opposite to the first mounting surface 111. The laser light generating unit 20 is mounted on the second mounting surface 121, and the laser light generating unit 20 includes a plurality of laser emitters 21. The rotating unit 30 includes a rotating shaft 31, and the reflector 40 is coupled to the rotating shaft 31. The rotating unit 30 includes a driver such as a stepping motor or a dc brushless motor, the rotating shaft 31 is a rotating centerline of a rotating component connected to the reflector 40 and driving the reflector 40 to rotate on the driver, and the rotating component generally adopts a cylinder or a disk. The reflector 40 has a reflecting surface 41, and the reflecting surface 41 has an inclined angle a with the rotation axis 31 for changing the propagation direction of the laser light emitted from the laser emitter 21. The collimating unit 50 is disposed on an optical path between the laser generating unit 20 and the reflector 40, and is configured to collimate the laser beam emitted from the laser emitter 21. A plurality of laser beams emitted by the plurality of laser emitters 21 are collimated by the collimating unit 50 and then incident on the reflecting surface 41 of the reflector 40, and the rotating shaft 31 drives the reflector 40 to rotate, so that the laser beams incident on the reflecting surface 41 are reflected.
In this embodiment, the plurality of laser emitters 21 of the laser generating unit 20 are distributed around the extension line of the above-described rotation axis 31. As shown in fig. 2, the laser generating unit 20 in this embodiment further includes a circular emitting circuit board 23 and a heat sink 22 disposed around an outer ring of the emitting circuit board 23, and the plurality of laser emitters 21 are disposed on the heat sink 22 and are distributed in a circular shape around the outer ring of the emitting circuit board 23 to form laser emitting points distributed in a circular shape. In this embodiment, the heat sink 22 and the emission circuit board 23 are provided together on the second mounting face 121 of the second mounting stage 120. Of course, in other embodiments, the second mounting stage 120 may be directly used as a heat sink, so that the step of additionally disposing the heat sink 22 on the second mounting stage 120 is omitted. In this embodiment, the collimating unit 50 includes a collimating lens, and the laser light emitted by each laser emitter 21 is directly incident on the collimating lens, collimated by the collimating lens, incident on the reflecting surface 41 of the reflector 40, and reflected by the reflecting surface 41, and incident on the detection area. As shown in fig. 3, the angle of the outgoing light of a certain laser beam emitted by the laser emitters 21 distributed in a circle changes in a sine-wave manner after the laser beam is reflected by the reflecting surface 41 of the reflector 40 with the rotation of the reflector 40, and a sine-wave scanning line is formed in a scanning range of 360 °, that is, the scanning positions of the laser beam in the vertical direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane are different in the scanning range of 360 ° in the front, back, left, and right.
When the laser scanning lines emitted by a plurality of circularly distributed laser emitters all show sine regular change along with the rotation of the reflector, a scanning point cloud chart as shown in fig. 4 is formed, and can be seen as a light spot array which is circularly distributed, and when the light spot array rotates 360 degrees around the laser radar emitting device in the horizontal direction along with the rotation of the reflector, the light spot array rolls, and when the rotation of 360 degrees is completed, the light spot array rolls for one circle. As shown in FIG. 4, the scanning spot cloud chart has the advantages that the scanning field of view in the vertical direction is unchanged in the scanning range of 360 degrees, and the resolutions of different heights are different. According to actual use requirements, the laser emitters in a specific direction can be designed to be higher in arrangement density, and the laser emitters in other directions are lower in arrangement density, so that the laser emitters with higher resolution at a specific height in a specific direction can be formed. Such as the highest point in the front, the middle height between the left and right sides and the lowest point in the rear, and simultaneously realize high-resolution scanning, and the resolution of other positions is lower.
The structure can realize 360-degree scanning only by rotating the reflector, and other parts are fixed, so that the structure is simple and stable, and the reliability is high. The laser transmitter has a large scanning field of view in the vertical direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the size of the scanning field of view in the vertical direction can be realized by designing the diameter of a circle distributed by the laser transmitters and the parameters of the collimation unit; the scanning position in the vertical direction, i.e. the high or low position of the scanning, can be realized by designing the size of the inclined included angle a between the reflecting surface of the reflector and the rotating shaft.
In other embodiments, the plurality of laser emitters may be distributed in an elliptical or polygonal shape. The closer the laser emitters are distributed to the circle, the more uniform the scanning field size of the scanning point cloud image in the vertical direction of different directions.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 5 to 7, in this embodiment, on the basis of embodiment 1, the collimating unit 50 employs a reflective collimating mirror system to collimate the laser light emitted by the laser emitter 21, and the structure is simple, so that the emitting device has a smaller volume. The reflecting collimating mirror system comprises a plurality of aspheric reflecting mirrors, and laser emitted by the laser emitter is collimated and incident to the reflecting surface of the reflector after being reflected for multiple times by the aspheric reflecting mirrors.
In this embodiment, the reflecting surface 41 of the reflector 40 faces the laser generating unit 20 and is inclined to the plane where the laser generating unit 20 is located, that is, the rotating unit 30 is mounted on the first mounting surface 111 of the fixed frame unit 10, and the reflecting surface 41 of the reflector 40 faces and is inclined to the second mounting surface 121. The reflective collimator system comprises three aspheric reflectors: a first aspherical mirror 51, a second aspherical mirror 52 and a third aspherical mirror 53. The first aspheric reflector 51 includes a first annular arc surface surrounding the laser generator 20, the second aspheric reflector 52 includes a second annular arc surface surrounding the rotation axis 31, the third aspheric reflector 53 includes a third aspheric reflective surface opposite to the reflector 40, and the laser emitters 21 of the laser generator 20 are disposed around the third aspheric reflective surface. The first annular cambered surface, the second annular cambered surface and the third aspheric surface reflecting surface are matched, and the laser beam is collimated through three times of reflection. The laser emitted by the laser emitter 21 is reflected by the first annular arc surface, the second annular arc surface and the third aspheric surface reflecting surface in sequence, then collimated and incident to the reflecting surface 41 of the reflector 40, and reflected by the reflecting surface 41 and then incident to the detection area. Once each aspheric surface reflector of the reflecting type collimating mirror system is designed and determined to be arranged at a position and an angle, the aspheric surface reflectors are fixed.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 8, this embodiment has the same laser profile as embodiment 2 except that the mounting positions of the rotary unit and the reflector are changed, and one aspherical mirror is omitted from the reflective collimator lens system. Specifically, in this embodiment, the reflection surface 41 of the reflector 40 faces away from the laser light generating unit 20 and is inclined to the plane where the laser light generating unit 20 is located, that is, the rotating unit 30 is mounted on the second mounting surface 121 of the fixing frame unit 10, and the reflection surface 41 of the reflector 40 faces and is inclined to the first mounting surface 111. In this embodiment, the plurality of laser emitters 21 of the laser generating unit 20 are distributed around the above-mentioned rotation axis 31. The reflective collimator system comprises two aspheric reflectors: a first aspherical mirror 51 and a second aspherical mirror 52. The first aspheric reflector 51 includes a first annular arc surface surrounding the laser generator 20, and the second aspheric reflector 52 includes a second aspheric reflective surface opposite to the reflector 40. In this embodiment, the second aspheric reflective surface has a second circular arc around the extension of the rotation axis 31, but in other embodiments a perfect arc may be used, where the perfect arc is continuous and free of voids with respect to the circular arc. The second annular cambered surface or the complete cambered surface can be an integrally formed structure, and can also be a structure formed by splicing a plurality of sub-cambered surfaces. The first annular cambered surface is matched with the second aspheric surface reflecting surface, and the laser beam is collimated through two times of reflection. The laser emitted by the laser emitter 21 is reflected by the first annular arc surface and the second aspheric surface reflecting surface in sequence, then collimated and incident to the reflecting surface 41 of the reflector 40, and reflected by the reflecting surface 41 and then incident to the detection area. Once each aspheric surface reflector of the reflecting type collimating mirror system is designed and determined to be arranged at a position and an angle, the aspheric surface reflectors are fixed. The embodiment has a simpler structure, and the volume of the transmitting device can be further reduced.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 9, this embodiment is different from embodiment 3 in that in this embodiment, the collimating unit 50 is a combination system of a collimating lens and a reflecting mirror, and the collimating unit 50 includes a collimating lens 56 and at least one reflecting mirror 55.
In this embodiment, the collimating unit 50 includes a collimating lens 56 and two mirrors: a first mirror 54 and a second mirror 55. This embodiment has the same laser profile as embodiment 3, and the mounting positions of the rotary unit and the reflector are also the same. Specifically, the reflecting surface 41 of the reflector 40 faces away from the laser light generating unit 20 and is inclined to the plane where the laser light generating unit 20 is located, that is, the rotating unit 30 is mounted on the second mounting surface 121 of the fixed frame unit 10, and the reflecting surface 41 of the reflector 40 faces and is inclined to the first mounting surface 111. In this embodiment, the plurality of laser generators 21 of the laser generating unit 20 are distributed around the above-mentioned rotation axis 31. The laser light emitted by the laser emitter 21 is reflected by the first reflecting mirror 54 and the second reflecting mirror 55, then enters the collimating lens 56, is collimated by the collimating lens 56, then enters the reflecting surface 41 of the reflector 40, and then enters the detection area after being reflected by the reflecting surface 41. By designing the reflection angle of the first mirror 54 and/or the second mirror 55, the size of the laser distribution aperture incident on the reflection surface 41 of the reflector 40 can be changed, thereby changing the size of the scanning field in the vertical direction.
The application also provides a laser radar, which comprises a transmitting device and a receiving device, wherein the transmitting device can adopt the transmitting device of any one of the embodiments, the receiving device comprises a plurality of light detectors, the transmitting device and the receiving device adopt a structure combination which is coaxial with transmitting and receiving, and return light received by the laser radar is reflected to the collimating unit by the reflecting surface of the reflector and then is incident on the corresponding light detector after passing through the collimating unit. Of course, the receiving device may be combined with the transmitting device in a structure of transmitting and receiving off-axis. Specifically, the following examples are given for illustration.
Example 5
As shown in fig. 10 and 11, the lidar of this embodiment employs a coaxial structure combination for transmitting and receiving. The laser radar includes a transmitting substrate and a receiving substrate stacked one on top of the other. Wherein, the emission substrate comprises an emission circuit board 23 and a heat sink 22 arranged around the emission circuit board 23, and the plurality of laser emitters 21 of any of the above embodiments 1-4 are arranged on the heat sink 22 and electrically connected with the emission circuit board 23 respectively. The receiving substrate includes a receiving circuit board 61, and the photodetectors 60 are provided on the receiving circuit board 61, and each of the photodetectors 60 is aligned with a corresponding one of the laser emitters 21. In this embodiment, the heat sink 22 and the emission circuit board 23 are provided together on the second mounting face 121 of the second mounting stage 120. Of course, in other embodiments, the second mounting stage 120 may be directly used as a heat sink, thereby eliminating the step of additionally disposing the heat sink 22 on the second mounting stage 120.
In this embodiment, the receiving circuit board 61 is disposed on the transmitting circuit board 23, and the size of the receiving circuit board 61 is slightly smaller than that of the transmitting circuit board 23, so that each of the optical detectors 60 is respectively located above and behind the light emitting surface of the corresponding laser emitter 21 and aligned with the corresponding laser emitter 21. It is of course also possible to use a stacking of the receiving circuit board 61 below the transmitting circuit board 23, the circuit board size located below being larger than the circuit board size above. Therefore, the transmitting device and the receiving device of the laser radar can share one set of optical system, parts are reduced, the size is small, the transmitting circuit and the receiving circuit are separated, and crosstalk is small.
Laser emitted by the laser emitter 21 is collimated by the collimating system and then enters the reflecting surface 41 of the reflector 40, is reflected by the reflecting surface 41 of the reflector 40, is reflected back to the laser radar when a detection area meets a detected object, and the return light is received by the reflecting surface 41 of the reflector 40 and reflected to the collimating system, enters the corresponding optical detector 60 after passing through the collimating system, is received by the optical detector 60, is converted into an electric signal and is sent to the receiving circuit board 61 and the control detection system at the rear end.
Example 6
As shown in fig. 12, this embodiment is different from embodiment 5 in that the photodetector 60 and the laser emitter 21 are provided on the same substrate. The substrate includes a circuit board 24 and a heat sink 22 disposed about the circuit board 24, with both transmit and receive circuitry disposed on the circuit board 24. The plurality of laser emitters 21 are arranged on the heat sink 22 and are respectively electrically connected with the emitting circuit of the circuit board 24. The plurality of light detectors 60 and the plurality of laser emitters 21 are arranged on the heat sink 22 at intervals, and the light detectors 60 are electrically connected with the receiving circuit on the circuit board 24 respectively. In this embodiment, the heat sink 22 and the emission circuit board 23 are provided together on the second mounting face 121 of the second mounting stage 120. Of course, in other embodiments, the second mounting stage may be directly used as a heat sink, thereby eliminating the step of additionally disposing a heat sink 22 on the second mounting stage.
Example 7
As shown in fig. 13, the laser radar of this embodiment is different from embodiment 6 in that it has a structure of transmitting and receiving off-axis. The transmitting apparatus may adopt the transmitting apparatus of any one of embodiments 1 to 4, and the structure of the transmitting apparatus of embodiment 2 is taken as an example in this embodiment.
The receiving device includes a plurality of photo detectors 60, a receiving reflector 40 ', a focusing unit 50 ', and a second rotating unit 30 '. Wherein the plurality of photodetectors 60 correspond to the plurality of laser emitters 21 of the emitting device; the receiving reflector 40 'has a receiving reflecting surface 41', the receiving reflecting surface 41 'being parallel to the reflecting surface 41 of the reflector 40 of the transmitting device or being disposed vertically symmetrically with respect to the first mounting stage 110 of the transmitting device, the receiving reflecting surface 41' being for reflecting the return light received by the laser radar onto the respective photodetectors 60. A focusing unit 50 'is disposed on the optical path between the plurality of photo-detectors and the receiving reflector 40' 60, the focusing unit 50 'being for focusing the return light reflected by the receiving reflector 40' onto the corresponding photo-detector 60. The second rotating unit 30 ' includes a second rotating shaft 31 ', and the second rotating shaft 31 ' is connected to the receiving reflector 40 ' to rotate the receiving reflector 40 ' and the reflector 40 of the transmitting device in synchronization.
In this embodiment, the receiving device and the transmitting device are stacked one on top of the other, and the receiving optical path system and the transmitting optical path system are disposed vertically symmetrically with respect to the first mounting stage 110. The fixed frame unit 10 further includes a third mounting stage 130, the third mounting stage 130 has a fourth mounting surface 131, and the third mounting stage 130 and the fourth mounting surface 131 thereof are vertically symmetrical with the second mounting stage 120 and the second mounting surface 121 with respect to the first mounting stage 110, respectively. The first mounting stage 110 also has a third mounting face 112 opposite the fourth mounting face 131. The plurality of light detectors of the receiving means are arranged on the fourth mounting surface distributed around the extension of the second rotation axis 31'. The second rotating unit 30 'and the rotating unit 30 of the emitting device share a rotating device, the second rotating shaft 31' and the rotating shaft 31 of the emitting device are the same rotating shaft penetrating through the first mounting table 110, one end of the rotating shaft is located at one end of the emitting device and connected with the reflector 40, the other end of the rotating shaft located in the receiving device is connected with the receiving reflector 40 ', and the rotating unit drives the reflector 40 and the receiving reflector 40' to synchronously rotate through the rotating shaft, so that the synchronous rotation of the two reflectors can be better ensured. And the structure of the transmitting and receiving different axes can completely avoid the mutual interference between the receiving and the transmitting.
Of course, the receiving device may also adopt the same optical path system and structure as the transmitting device of any one of embodiments 1 to 4, and simply be stacked up and down with the transmitting device to form the lidar.
The above list of details is only for the concrete description of the feasible embodiments of the present application, they are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and all equivalent embodiments or modifications that do not depart from the technical spirit of the present application are intended to be included within the scope of the present application.
Claims (11)
1. A lidar transmitting apparatus, comprising:
a laser generating unit including a plurality of laser emitters;
a rotation unit including a rotation shaft;
a reflector having a reflective surface, the reflector being coupled to the rotational axis; the reflecting surface and the rotating shaft form an inclined included angle, and the reflecting surface is used for changing the propagation direction of the laser emitted by the laser emitter;
the collimation unit is arranged on a light path between the laser generation unit and the reflector and is used for collimating the laser emitted by the laser emitter;
multiple laser beams emitted by the laser emitters are collimated by the collimating units and then incident on the reflecting surface of the reflector, and the rotating shaft drives the reflector to rotate so as to reflect the laser beams incident on the reflecting surface.
2. Lidar transmission device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the collimation unit is a reflection type collimation lens system or a combination system of a collimation lens and a reflector.
3. Lidar transmission device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the reflective collimating mirror system comprises a plurality of aspheric reflectors, and laser emitted by the laser emitter is collimated and incident to the reflecting surfaces of the reflectors after being reflected for multiple times by the aspheric reflectors.
4. Lidar transmission device according to claim 3, characterized in that:
the reflecting surface of the reflector faces the laser generating unit and is inclined to the plane of the laser generating unit; the reflective collimator lens system comprises three aspheric surface reflecting mirrors.
5. Lidar transmission device according to claim 4, characterized in that: the three aspherical mirrors respectively include: a first annular arc surface surrounding the laser generating unit, a second annular arc surface surrounding the axis of rotation, and a third aspheric reflective surface opposite the reflector; each laser transmitter of the laser generating unit is arranged around the third aspheric reflecting surface; and laser emitted by the laser emitter is reflected by the first annular cambered surface, the second annular cambered surface and the third aspheric surface reflecting surface in sequence and then is collimated to be incident to the reflecting surface of the reflector.
6. Lidar transmission device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the reflecting surface of the reflector is back to the laser generating unit and is inclined to the plane where the laser generating unit is located; the reflective collimator lens system comprises two aspheric surface reflecting mirrors.
7. The lidar transmission device according to claim 6, wherein: the two aspherical mirrors respectively include: a first annular arc surface surrounding the laser generating unit, and a second aspheric reflective surface opposite to the reflector; and laser emitted by the laser emitter is reflected by the first annular cambered surface and the second aspheric surface reflecting surface in sequence and then is collimated to be incident to the reflecting surface of the reflector.
8. Lidar transmission device according to claim 7, wherein: the second aspheric reflector is a second annular cambered surface or a complete cambered surface.
9. Lidar transmission device according to claim 2, characterized in that:
the collimation unit is a combined system of a collimation lens and a reflector; the collimating unit comprises a collimating lens and at least one reflector;
the reflecting surface of the reflector is back to the laser generating unit and is inclined to the plane where the laser generating unit is located;
laser emitted by the laser emitter is incident on the collimating lens after being reflected by the reflecting mirror, and is incident on the reflecting surface of the reflector after being collimated by the collimating lens.
10. Lidar transmission device according to any of claims 1 to 9, wherein: the plurality of laser emitters are distributed around the rotation axis or an extension line of the rotation axis.
11. A laser radar, including transmitting device and receiving arrangement, its characterized in that: the transmitting device adopts the laser radar transmitting device as claimed in any one of claims 1-10; the receiving device comprises a plurality of light detectors, and the return light received by the laser radar is reflected to the collimating unit by the reflecting surface of the reflector, and is incident on the corresponding light detectors after passing through the collimating unit.
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