CN111272973B - Lofting platform and measurement system for simulating drilling to trigger overpressure sand body - Google Patents
Lofting platform and measurement system for simulating drilling to trigger overpressure sand body Download PDFInfo
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- CN111272973B CN111272973B CN201811375203.3A CN201811375203A CN111272973B CN 111272973 B CN111272973 B CN 111272973B CN 201811375203 A CN201811375203 A CN 201811375203A CN 111272973 B CN111272973 B CN 111272973B
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 152
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 152
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas drilling rock physical engineering, in particular to a lofting table and a measuring system for simulating drilling to trigger overpressure sand bodies. The sand body sample includes sand body and prevention of seepage membrane, the sand body stacks gradually the first sand layer admittedly that sets up from bottom to top, the sand layer is fixed to quicksand layer and second, the platform of putting the appearance includes apron subassembly and application of pressure mechanism, application of pressure mechanism is formed with the cavity that holds the sand body sample, application of pressure mechanism establishes to exert pressure to the inner wall of cavity, with the ground stress condition that simulation sand body sample received, the cavity is established to the opening upwards, the apron subassembly is established at the opening side of cavity and is established to compressing tightly the sand layer is fixed to the second through prevention of seepage membrane, the apron subassembly is formed with the water filling port, the water filling port is established to letting in the water injection pipe that is used for carrying out the water injection operation for the quicksand layer. The sampling platform for simulating drilling to trigger the overpressure sand body can simulate shallow water flow disasters caused by drilling meeting the overpressure sand body under actual stratum conditions, and is convenient for researching sand body damage and flowing mechanisms caused by the shallow water flow disasters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas drilling rock physical engineering, in particular to a lofting table and a measuring system for simulating drilling to trigger overpressure sand bodies.
Background
Shallow water currents are a type of geological disaster common in deep water drilling, and typically occur in deep water shallow formations at sea depths (water depths of 450m-2500m), relatively shallow below mudline (300 m-1200m below mudline).
When the well is drilled, if shallow water flow is triggered, the casing can be damaged and deformed, and in severe cases, serious well drilling accidents such as well wall collapse and blowout can be caused. At present, the shallow water flow disaster caused by compaction is the most common and serious type of shallow water flow disaster in the drilling engineering. However, the risk assessment about damage to the drilling tool and equipment caused by shallow water flow due to overpressure sand bodies at home and abroad is mainly empirical qualitative identification and judgment, and the evaluation basis of the influence of the flow of liquefied sand on the tool and equipment is lacked, so that the drilling tool cannot be improved in a targeted manner to control the occurrence of shallow water flow disasters.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the improvement of a drilling tool is not targeted due to the fact that the damage of shallow water flow to the drilling tool and equipment can be judged qualitatively only by experience during drilling operation in the prior art, and provides a lofting table and a measuring system for simulating drilling triggering overpressure sand bodies.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a lofting platform for simulating drilling triggering overpressure sand body, where the sand body sample includes a sand body and an impermeable film wrapping the sand body, the sand body includes a first sand fixing layer, a quicksand layer and a second sand fixing layer, which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top, the lofting platform includes a cover plate assembly and a pressure applying mechanism, the pressure applying mechanism forms a chamber for accommodating the sand body sample, the pressure applying mechanism is configured to apply pressure to an inner wall of the chamber to simulate a ground stress condition to which the sand body sample is subjected, the chamber is configured to have an upward opening, the cover plate assembly is disposed at an opening side of the chamber and configured to be capable of pressing the second sand fixing layer through the impermeable film, the cover plate assembly is formed with a water injection port, and the water injection port is configured to be capable of introducing a water injection pipe for performing water injection operation on the quicksand layer, so that the quicksand layer can simulate the high-pressure state of the sand body sample.
Preferably, the pressing mechanism comprises a hydraulic device, a fixed cover, a plurality of pressing plates and a plurality of sliding blocks, the hydraulic device comprises a hydraulic source and a hydraulic pipe for providing hydraulic pressure through the hydraulic source, the cover plate assembly is connected with the fixed cover, the fixed cover is provided with a groove structure with an upward opening, the groove structure is provided with a mounting channel for penetrating into the hydraulic pipe, the groove structure is provided to be capable of accommodating and abutting against the plurality of pressing plates and the plurality of sliding blocks, the side surface of the plurality of pressing plates facing away from the groove structure is provided to be capable of forming the cavity, the side surface of each pressing plate abutting against the groove structure is provided with a sliding groove, each sliding block is provided to be capable of being slidably and hermetically connected into the sliding groove to form a hydraulic cavity together with the sliding groove, and each sliding block is provided with a central hole for connecting the hydraulic pipe, so that the hydraulic tube can inject high pressure liquid into the hydraulic chamber.
Preferably, the sand body is in a square cylinder shape, the central axis of the sand body is arranged along the vertical direction, the pressing plates are divided into a first group of pressing plates, a second group of pressing plates and a third group of pressing plates, the first group of pressing plates are arranged along the horizontal direction to press the first sand fixing layer through the anti-seepage film, the second group of pressing plates are arranged along the vertical direction and are arranged to press the first sand fixing layer, the quicksand layer and the second sand fixing layer of the sand body through the anti-seepage film, and the third group of pressing plates are arranged along the direction perpendicular to the first group of pressing plates and the second group of pressing plates and are arranged to press the first sand fixing layer, the quicksand layer and the second sand fixing layer of the sand body through the anti-seepage film.
Preferably, the installation channel includes a first channel and a second channel, the groove structure includes a sleeve, a bottom plate and a plurality of lining plates, the bottom plate is configured to be able to support the first set of pressing plates and is formed with the first channel, the cover plate assembly is detachably connected with the bottom plate, the plurality of lining plates are disposed on an inner circumference of the sleeve and are able to press the second set of pressing plates and the third set of pressing plates, and each lining plate is formed with the second channel.
Preferably, the cover plate assembly comprises a cover plate and a baffle plate, the cover plate is detachably connected with the bottom plate, and the baffle plate is arranged to be capable of being used for being compressed between the second sand fixing layer and the cover plate.
Preferably, the lofting station comprises a reinforcement member receivable and supportable at the water injection port, the reinforcement member being formed with a plurality of water injection pipe passages for access to the water injection pipe.
The invention provides a measuring system for triggering overpressure sand bodies in a simulated drilling well, which comprises a water injection/drainage unit and a sample placing table for triggering the overpressure sand bodies in the simulated drilling well, wherein a water injection through groove which is used for accommodating a water injection pipe and is communicated with a water injection port is arranged on a second sand fixing layer, the water injection/drainage unit comprises a plurality of water injection pipes, each water injection pipe sequentially penetrates through the water injection port and the water injection through groove and extends into a quicksand layer, and the water injection/drainage unit is arranged to perform water injection/drainage operation on the quicksand layer through the plurality of water injection pipes so that the quicksand layer can simulate a high-pressure state of the overpressure sand bodies or simulate a stress state of the overpressure sand bodies when encountering drilling well.
Preferably, the water filling/draining unit is configured to enable at least a portion of the plurality of water filling pipes to perform a water filling operation to the quicksand layer.
Preferably, the water injection/sluicing unit includes servo booster, oil water separator, pressure-measuring pipe and two the water injection pipe, oil water separator with servo booster is connected and the outlet pipe passes through the three-way valve with two the water injection pipe intercommunication, so that oil water separator is in servo booster orders about down can through the three-way valve to at least one the water injection pipe carries out the water injection operation, two be connected with the drain line that can carry out the sluicing operation on the water injection pipe, pressure-measuring pipe one end passes in proper order the water filling port, the water injection leads to the groove and stretches into the quicksand layer, the pressure-measuring pipe other end is connected with the manometer and is used for measuring the stress state on quicksand layer.
Preferably, the measuring system comprises a control unit, the control unit is respectively electrically connected with the pressure gauge and the three-way valve to control the three-way valve to be switched from an open state to a closed state according to the pressure value of the quicksand layer measured by the pressure gauge, and the control unit is respectively electrically connected with the servo supercharger and the oil-water separator to control the servo supercharger to drive the oil-water separator to perform water injection operation according to the pressure value of the oil-water separator.
Through the technical scheme, the invention provides the lofting table and the measurement system for simulating the drilling triggering overpressure sand body, the lofting table for simulating the drilling triggering overpressure sand body can simulate a shallow water flow disaster caused by drilling meeting the overpressure sand body under the actual stratum condition, is convenient for researching the sand body damage and flow mechanism caused by the shallow water flow disaster, and is beneficial to pertinently improving a drilling tool.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a measuring system for simulating drilling triggering overpressure sand bodies, provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a lofting station for simulating drilling triggering of overpressure sand bodies provided by the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals
1. A cover plate; 2. a baffle plate; 3. a base plate; 4. a connecting member; 5. a barrel sleeve; 6. a liner plate; 7. installing a channel; 8. a slider; 9. a hydraulic chamber; 10. a first set of platens; 11. a second set of platens; 12. a first sand fixation layer; 13. a quicksand layer; 14. a second sand fixation layer; 15. an impermeable membrane; 16. a base plate; 17. a reinforcement; 18. a water injection pipe; 19. a piezometric tube; 20. a pressure gauge; 21. a three-way valve; 22. a drain line; 23. a lofting platform; 24. a hydraulic device; 25. an oil-water separator; 26. a servo booster; 27. a control unit; 28. and (4) a computer.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
The first invention of the invention provides a lofting platform for simulating drilling triggering overpressure sand body, as shown in fig. 2, a sand body sample comprises a sand body and an impermeable film 15 wrapping the sand body, the sand body comprises a first sand fixing layer 12, a quicksand layer 13 and a second sand fixing layer 14 which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top, the lofting platform 23 comprises a cover plate assembly and a pressure applying mechanism, the pressure applying mechanism forms a chamber for accommodating the sand body sample, the pressure applying mechanism is arranged to apply pressure on the inner wall of the chamber to simulate the ground stress condition of the sand body sample, the chamber is arranged with an upward opening, the cover plate assembly is arranged on the opening side of the chamber and is arranged to press the second sand fixing layer 14 through the impermeable film 15, the cover plate assembly forms a water injection port, the water injection port is arranged to be capable of being introduced into a water injection pipe 18 for performing water injection operation on the quicksand layer 13, so that the quicksand layer 13 can simulate the high pressure state of the sand sample. The impermeable film can be made of various reasonable materials, such as plastic film and the like. Furthermore, the sand body sample comprises a grease layer arranged between the sand body and the impermeable membrane, and grease is arranged on the outer peripheral wall of the sand body in a coating mode so as to be convenient for qualitative treatment of the sand body; the grease can be made of various reasonable materials, such as industrial butter. When in use, firstly preparing a sand body sample: fully mixing water, sand grains, stones and cement to prepare a first fixed layer and a second fixed sand layer of a concrete structure, wherein the first fixed sand layer and the second fixed sand layer are identical in shape, then preparing a quicksand layer with an unstable shape by taking the sand grains, the water and a small amount of soil as materials, sequentially stacking the first fixed sand layer, the quicksand layer and the second fixed sand layer from bottom to top according to the upper and lower positions shown in figure 2 to prepare a sand body, coating the sand body by grease, and tightly coating the grease wrapped outside the sand body by an impermeable film to form a sand body sample with a water seepage-proof property of the quicksand layer; then, the ground stress situation of the sand body sample is simulated: the sand body sample is placed in a cavity of a pressure applying mechanism according to the mode that a first sand fixing layer is arranged at the lowest part as shown in figure 2, a cover plate assembly is covered on a second sand fixing layer, and pressure is applied to the sand body sample through the pressure applying mechanism so as to simulate the ground stress condition of the sand body sample.
Through the technical scheme, the invention provides the lofting table and the measurement system for simulating the drilling triggering overpressure sand body, the lofting table 23 for simulating the drilling triggering overpressure sand body can simulate the shallow water flow disaster caused by drilling meeting the overpressure sand body under the actual stratum condition, is convenient for researching the sand body damage and flow mechanism caused by the shallow water flow disaster, and is beneficial to pertinently improving the drilling tool.
Further, the pressing mechanism comprises a hydraulic device 24, a fixed cover, a plurality of press plates and a plurality of slide blocks 8, the hydraulic device 24 comprises a hydraulic source and a hydraulic pipe for providing hydraulic pressure through the hydraulic source, the cover plate assembly is connected with the fixed cover, the fixed cover is arranged into a groove structure with an upward opening, the groove structure is formed with a mounting channel 7 for penetrating the hydraulic pipe, the groove structure is arranged to be capable of accommodating and abutting against the plurality of press plates and the plurality of slide blocks 8, the side surface of the plurality of press plates facing away from the groove structure is arranged to be capable of forming the cavity, the side surface of each press plate abutting against the groove structure is formed with a slide groove, each slide block 8 is arranged to be capable of being slidably and hermetically connected in the slide groove to form a hydraulic cavity 9 with the slide groove, and each slide block 8 is formed with a central hole for connecting the hydraulic pipe, so that the hydraulic pipe can inject high-pressure liquid into the hydraulic chamber 9, and the hydraulic device can apply pressure to the pressing plate through the sliding block and the fixed cover, so that the sand body sample can simulate the ground stress condition to which the sand body sample is subjected under the pressure action of the pressing mechanism. The hydraulic device 24 may be any reasonable device, such as a hydraulic pressure stabilizing device; the sliding block can be arranged in various reasonable shapes as long as the sliding block can be movably connected with the sliding groove in a sealing mode, for example, the sliding block is square or round; the hydraulic pipe and the sliding block can be connected in various reasonable forms, for example, the end of the hydraulic pipe is provided with an external thread, the central hole formed by the sliding block 8 is provided with an internal thread, and the end of the hydraulic pipe with the external thread extends into the central hole of the sliding block 8 and is in threaded connection with the sliding block 8. Further, the mechanism of exerting pressure includes a plurality of sealing washers, and every sealing washer cover is established on the periphery wall of every slider 8 to carry out sealing connection through the sealing washer between slider 8 and the spout, and, when the slider removed, drive the sealing washer and remove thereupon, so that slider 8 with the spout forms hydraulic pressure chamber 9. When the device is used, in the process of simulating the ground stress condition of a sand body sample, the hydraulic device 24 provides liquid for the central hole of the slide block through the hydraulic pipe, the liquid automatically flows into one side of the slide block 8 facing the bottom of the chute and drives the slide block to move along the direction departing from the bottom of the chute, so that the slide block and the chute form a hydraulic chamber 9, the liquid flows into the hydraulic chamber 9, the space of the hydraulic chamber is gradually enlarged along with the continuous injection of the liquid, the slide block is gradually close to the fixed cover until one side of the slide block close to the fixed cover is tightly attached to the inner peripheral wall of the fixed cover, the slide block does not move any more, the space volume of the hydraulic chamber 9 is not changed any more, and then, along with the continuous supply of the liquid, the pressure brought by the liquid of the hydraulic device is completely applied to the slide block and the pressure plate through the hydraulic chamber, so that the slide block and the pressure plate have the tendency of enlarging the hydraulic chamber at the same time, that is, the slide block has a tendency to move in a direction away from the sand body sample, but the slide block is stopped on the inner peripheral wall of the fixed cover, so that the slide block applies an acting force in a direction away from the sand body sample to the fixed cover, the press plate has a tendency to move in a direction close to the sand body sample, but the press plate is stopped on the outer peripheral wall of the sand body sample, so that the press plate applies pressure to the sand body sample, the sand body sample is subjected to the pressure generated by the hydraulic action output by the hydraulic device, and the simulation of the ground stress condition of the sand body sample under the hydraulic action of the hydraulic device is facilitated.
In order to simulate the ground stress condition that the sand body sample received more accurately, the lofting platform can be set up to be able to exert pressure in the three-dimensional direction to the sand body sample respectively through three groups of mutually perpendicular's clamp plate. For example, the sand body is in a square cylinder shape, the central axis is arranged in the vertical direction, and the plurality of press plates are divided into a first group of press plates 10, a second group of press plates 11 and a third group of press plates, wherein the first group of press plates 10 are arranged in the horizontal direction to press the first sand fixing layer 12 through the impermeable film 15, the second group of press plates 11 are arranged in the vertical direction to press the first sand fixing layer 12, the quicksand layer 13 and the second sand fixing layer 14 of the sand body simultaneously through the impermeable film 15, and the third group of press plates are arranged in the direction perpendicular to the first group of press plates 10 and the second group of press plates 11 to press the first sand fixing layer 12, the quicksand layer 13 and the second sand fixing layer 14 of the sand body simultaneously through the impermeable film 15. The sand sample can be a cuboid structure or a cube structure. It is specific, hydraulic means includes three at least main hydraulic pipes, correspond through the slider with three group's clamp plate cooperations of the aforesaid and divide into three groups, and every group slider is respectively through hydraulic pipe and hydraulic means's same main hydraulic pipe intercommunication, so that hydraulic means can control every group clamp plate through the hydraulic pressure of every main hydraulic pipe of independent control and apply the pressure for the sand body sample, thereby realized exerting different pressure to the sand body sample from the three-dimensional direction simultaneously, be favorable to coming the pressure that can apply of independent control every group clamp plate according to the degree of depth difference of stratum, make this lofting platform can simulate the ground stress condition that the sand body sample received accurate higher. Further, the second set of pressing plates 11 may be divided into three pairs of pressing plates, each pair of pressing plates is composed of two pressing plates which are parallel to each other and are spaced apart from each other and are oppositely disposed, specifically, the first pair of pressing plates, the second pair of pressing plates and the third pair of pressing plates are disposed in an up-down position relationship as shown in fig. 1, that is, the three pressing plates are sequentially stacked from top to bottom and have the same extending direction of the plate surfaces, wherein the first pair of pressing plates are configured to be able to press the left and right sides of the second sand fixing layer 14 as shown in fig. 2 through the anti-seepage film 15, the second pair of pressing plates are configured to be able to press the left and right sides of the first sand fixing layer 12, the quicksand layer 13 and the second sand fixing layer 14 as shown in fig. 2 simultaneously through the anti-seepage film 15, the third pair of pressing plates are configured to be able to press the left and right sides of the first sand fixing layer 12 as shown in fig. 2 through the anti-seepage film 15, in this case, the hydraulic device includes at least four main hydraulic pipes, wherein, to be connected with first counterpressure board and third counterpressure board complex slider through hydraulic pressure pipe and same main hydraulic pipe, will be connected with second counterpressure board complex slider through hydraulic pressure pipe and another main hydraulic pipe to hydraulic means can apply different pressure respectively along the face direction as shown the left and right sides of the different sand layers of sand body sample, in order to improve the accurate nature of the ground stress condition that this putting the appearance platform can simulate sand body sample and receive. Of course, the third group of pressing plates can also be divided into three pairs of pressing plates, which are similar to the second group of pressing plates 11 in structure and therefore will not be described again.
Further, the installation channel 7 comprises a first channel and a second channel, the groove structure comprises a sleeve 5, a bottom plate 3 and a plurality of lining plates 6, the bottom plate 3 is arranged to be capable of supporting the first group of pressing plates 10 and is formed with the first channel, the cover plate assembly is detachably connected with the bottom plate 3, the lining plates 6 are arranged on the inner periphery of the sleeve 5 and can press the second group of pressing plates 11 and the third group of pressing plates, and each lining plate 6 is formed with the second channel. Through establishing groove structure into foretell split type structure, more make things convenient for placing of sand body sample, convenient and fast. Further, the groove structure comprises a base plate 16, the base plate 16 is placed on the bottom plate, and the base plate 16 is arranged to be used for being lifted and supporting the second group of pressing plates, the third group of pressing plates, the sleeve and the plurality of lining plates; further, the thickness of the backing plate is the same as the thickness of the first set of pressing plates. The cushion block 16 can be provided as an integral annular plate structure with a central hole for accommodating the first group of pressure plates 10, and the structure is simple and the operation is convenient; the cover plate assembly can be detachably connected with the bottom plate 3 in various reasonable manners, for example, the lofting platform comprises a connecting piece 4, the cover plate assembly is detachably connected with the bottom plate 3 through the connecting piece 4, wherein the connecting piece 4 can adopt a bolt-nut assembly; the liner plate and the sleeve may be formed in various reasonable shapes, for example, a side of the liner plate facing the pressing plate is formed in a planar structure, a side of the liner plate facing the sleeve is formed in an arc-shaped curved surface structure (for example, an arc-shaped curved surface), an inner peripheral surface of the sleeve is formed in an arc-shaped curved surface structure capable of being matched with the arc-shaped curved surface structures of the plurality of liner plates (for example, when the plurality of liner plates surround the outer peripheries of the second group of pressing plates and the third group of pressing plates, the inner peripheral surface of the sleeve is correspondingly formed in a cylindrical curved surface or a conical curved surface), and an outer peripheral surface of the sleeve is formed in a cylindrical curved surface. During the use, the process of placing the sand body sample between the pressure mechanism and the cover plate component is as follows: firstly, each sliding block connected with a hydraulic pipe is respectively placed in a sliding groove of each pressing plate, a first group of pressing plates are placed on a bottom plate, then a base plate 16 is placed on the bottom plate, the base plate surrounds the first group of pressing plates, a sand body sample is placed on the first group of pressing plates, then the first group of pressing plates and a second group of pressing plates are respectively abutted against the sand body sample and are respectively placed on the base plate 16, then a plurality of lining plates penetrate through the hydraulic pipe and are respectively arranged on the peripheries of the first group of pressing plates and the second group of pressing plates, a sleeve is sleeved outside the plurality of lining plates, so that the relative positions between the lining plates and the pressing plates are limited, the sliding blocks and the pressing plates are compressed through the lining plates, then the cover plate assembly is covered on the upper surface of a second sand fixing layer through an anti-seepage film, then the cover plate assembly is connected with the bottom, so as to compress the second sand fixing layer, and the placing operation of the sand body sample is completed.
In order to facilitate the assembly of the cover plate assembly and the bottom plate, the cover plate assembly is designed into a split structure. For example, the cover plate assembly comprises a cover plate 1 and a baffle plate 2, wherein the cover plate 1 is detachably connected with the bottom plate 3, and the baffle plate 2 is arranged to be capable of being used for being compressed between the second sand fixing layer 14 and the cover plate 1. During the use, earlier cover baffle 2 on the solid sand bed 14 of second, put apron 1 on the baffle again, then with the apron connection on the bottom plate to make the apron compress tightly the solid sand bed of second through the baffle.
Further, the lofting platform 23 includes a reinforcing member 17 capable of being received and supported at the water injection port, and the reinforcing member 17 is formed with a plurality of water injection pipe passages for leading into the water injection pipe 18, so as to fix the water injection pipe, so that a certain distance is always maintained between the plurality of water injection pipes.
In a second aspect of the invention, a measurement system is provided for simulating the triggering of an overpressure sand body by drilling, as shown in figure 2, the measuring system comprises a water injection/drainage unit and a lofting table 23 of the simulated drilling triggering overpressure sand bodies, a water injection through groove which is used for accommodating the water injection pipe 18 and is communicated with the water injection port is arranged on the second sand fixation layer 14, the water injection/drainage unit comprises a plurality of water injection pipes 18, each water injection pipe 18 sequentially penetrates through the water injection port and the water injection through groove and extends into the quicksand layer 13, the water injection/drainage unit is arranged to perform water injection/drainage operation on the quicksand layer 13 through a plurality of water injection pipes 18 so that the quicksand layer 13 can simulate a high-pressure state of the overpressure sand body or a stress state of the overpressure sand body when the overpressure sand body meets a drilling well.
Further, the water filling/draining unit is configured to enable at least a part of the plurality of water filling pipes 18 to perform a water filling operation to the quicksand 13, so that the control of the water filling/draining unit enables the control of the number of water filling pipes 18 performing the water filling operation. When the device is used, the pressure state of the quicksand layer is controlled by the water injection/drainage unit, and the method comprises the following specific steps: firstly, controlling a water injection/drainage unit to simultaneously inject water into the quicksand layer 13 through a plurality of water injection pipes 18 so that the quicksand layer 13 can simulate the normal stress state of the overpressure sand body, after the quicksand layer reaches a preset pressure value, controlling part of the water injection pipes 18 in the water injection/drainage unit to still keep water injection operation, and simultaneously switching the water injection operation of the other parts of the water injection pipes 18 to drainage operation so that the quicksand layer 13 can simulate the stress state of the overpressure sand body when encountering drilling.
Further, the water injection/drainage unit comprises a servo supercharger 26, an oil-water separator 25, a pressure measuring pipe 19 and two water injection pipes 18, the oil-water separator 25 is connected with the servo supercharger 26, and a water outlet pipe is communicated with the two water injection pipes 18 through a three-way valve 21, so that the oil-water separator 25 can inject water to at least one water injection pipe 18 through the three-way valve 21 under the driving of the servo supercharger 26, the two water injection pipes 18 are connected with a drainage pipeline 22 capable of drainage operation, one end of the pressure measuring pipe 19 sequentially penetrates through the water injection port and the water injection through groove and extends into the quicksand layer 13, and the other end of the pressure measuring pipe 19 is connected with a pressure gauge 20 for measuring the stress state of the quicksand layer 13. One end of the drainage pipeline is communicated with the water injection pipe, and the other end of the drainage pipeline is provided with a drainage valve so as to control the opening or closing of the drainage operation of the drainage pipeline through the drainage valve; two water injection pipes 18 also can set up to only one water injection pipe connection has water drainage 22 according to the difference of actual demand, this moment, close water drainage's drain valve, open the three-way valve, water injection/sluicing unit carries out the water injection operation simultaneously through two water injection pipes of three-way valve control, treat that the intraformational pressure of quicksand reaches the default after, adjust the three-way valve, open the drain valve simultaneously, make the water injection pipe that is not connected with water drainage still keep carrying out the water injection operation, the water injection pipe that is connected with water drainage is switched into the sluicing operation that carries out the drainage via water drainage by original water injection operation. The water outlets of the pressure measuring pipe and the two water injection pipes are positioned on the quicksand layer and at the same height, and the water outlets of the pressure measuring pipe are arranged at the midpoint position of a connecting line formed by the water outlets of the two water injection pipes, so that the pressure measuring pipe can accurately simulate and measure the stress state of an overpressure sand body encountering a well; furthermore, the openings of the pressure measuring pipe and the two water injection pipes, which are located at one end of the quicksand layer, are provided with sand control screens, so that the sand body of the quicksand layer is prevented from being discharged along with the pressure measuring pipe or the water injection pipes.
According to the invention, the measuring system can be manually controlled manually or intelligently controlled. For example, the measurement system is controlled intelligently, specifically, the measurement system includes a control unit 27, the control unit 27 is electrically connected to the pressure gauge 20 and the three-way valve 21, respectively, to control the three-way valve 21 to switch from the open state to the closed state according to the pressure value of the quicksand layer 13 measured by the pressure gauge 20, and the control unit 27 is electrically connected to the servo supercharger 26 and the oil-water separator 25, respectively, to control the servo supercharger 26 to drive the oil-water separator 25 to perform water injection operation according to the pressure value of the oil-water separator 25. Further, the control unit includes a computer 27, and the computer 27 can receive the feedback signals of the pressure gauge and the oil-water separator, respectively, convert the feedback signals into numerical values, and accordingly control the operation states of the three-way valve and the servo supercharger by judging whether the numerical values reach preset values. When the device is used, the water injection/drainage unit is controlled by the control unit to monitor the pressure state of the quicksand layer, and the device specifically comprises the following steps: manually opening the three-way valve and closing a drain valve of a drain pipeline, then opening the servo supercharger 26 and the control unit, and controlling the servo supercharger 26 by using a computer in the control unit to drive the oil-water separator to perform water injection operation, namely, controlling the oil-water separator 25 to perform water injection operation on the quicksand layer 13 through the two water injection pipes 18 by using the servo supercharger 26, wherein along with the continuous injection of water, the pressure gauge 20 detects that the pressure in the quicksand layer 13 is continuously increased through a pressure measuring pipe, and when the measured value of the pressure gauge 20 reaches a preset pore pressure value, the computer controls the three-way valve to be switched from an open state to a closed state, and a sand sample is kept still for a period of time (for example, 15-30 minutes) so that the pressure applied to the interior of the quicksand layer reaches a balanced state, thereby realizing that the quicksand layer can simulate the normal stress state of overpressure sand; then, manually adjusting the three-way valve and simultaneously opening the drain valve to switch the water injection pipe 18 connected with the drain pipeline from water injection operation to water drainage operation, the water outlet pipe of the oil-water separator is still communicated with the quicksand layer through the three-way valve and the other water injection pipe, the pressure of the whole quicksand layer is reduced due to the water drainage operation, so that the internal water pressure of the oil-water separator is reduced along with the quicksand layer, namely the feedback pressure value of the oil-water separator is smaller than a preset pore pressure value, namely the pressure value of the quicksand layer near the other water injection pipe which still performs the water injection operation is smaller than a preset pore pressure value, at the moment, the computer controls the servo supercharger 26 according to the pressure value of the oil-water separator 25 to drive the oil-water separator 25 to perform the water injection operation so that the pressure value of the oil-water separator can reach and always keep as the preset pore pressure value, that is, the servo booster 26 controls the oil-water separator 25 to be able to maintain the water filling operation through the other water filling pipe, so that the pressure value of the oil-water separator 25 reaches and is maintained at a value before the water discharge operation occurs in the quicksand layer, and at this time, the sand flowing layer near the other water injection pipe which keeps the water injection operation is also kept in a stress state before the water drainage operation occurs in the sand flowing layer, so as to simulate the normal stress state of the overpressure sand body, the pressure of the sand flowing layer near one water injection pipe which is switched to the water drainage operation is sharply reduced, so as to simulate the stress state of the overpressure sand body directly impacted by the drilling well when suddenly meeting the drilling well, the pressure of the quicksand layer nearby the piezometer tube is also continuously reduced, so as to simulate the stress state of the overpressure sand body meeting the drilling well, and the pressure gauge is used for monitoring the pore pressure value of the sand flowing layer of the attachment of the piezometric tube and transmitting the pressure value to the computer in real time for displaying and storing.
According to a specific embodiment of the invention, the measuring system for simulating drilling to trigger the overpressure sand body can be used for researching sand body damage and flow mechanism of shallow water flow disaster caused by overpressure sand body damage, and the specific experimental method is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, a sand body sample is manufactured, a pressure measuring pipe and two water injection pipes are embedded in a flowing sand layer and penetrate out of a second sand fixing layer, and then the sand body sample is placed between a pressing mechanism of a lofting table and a cover plate to be pressed tightly. The two water injection pipes are respectively designed as a water injection pipe a and a water injection pipe b, wherein when the sand body sample is manufactured, the water injection pipe b is communicated with a drainage pipeline, densely distributed colored sand grains are placed near the water injection pipe a, and the colored sand grains can carry out dyeing treatment on experimental sand grains through a dyeing agent so as to observe the flowing condition of the sand grains when the sand grains meet a well under a high-pressure state.
Step two: and starting the hydraulic device, and controlling the plurality of press plates to respectively apply different or same pressure to the sand body sample from the three-dimensional direction through the hydraulic device. The hydraulic device can be controlled by a control module arranged by the hydraulic device, different stress values or the same pressure value in the three directions of an X axis, a Y axis and a Z axis are input through the control module to control the hydraulic device to apply corresponding pressure to the sand body sample from the three-dimensional direction, after the stress applied to the sand body sample by the hydraulic device in the three-dimensional direction is loaded to a preset value, the control module controls the hydraulic device to be kept in the hydraulic state so that the stress applied to the sand body sample in the three-dimensional direction is kept unchanged, and the sand body sample is kept still for 15-30 minutes to enable the internal stress of the sand body sample to reach a balanced state, so that the sand body sample can simulate the ground stress condition of a deep water shallow stratum under an actual condition.
Step three: the control unit is used for controlling the water injection/drainage unit to monitor the pressure state of the quicksand layer, and the control unit comprises the following specific steps: manually opening the three-way valve and closing a drain valve of a drain pipeline, then opening a servo booster 26 and a control unit, controlling the servo booster 26 by using a computer in the control unit to drive an oil-water separator to simultaneously carry out water injection operation on the quicksand layer through a water injection pipe a and a water injection pipe b until the measured value of a pressure gauge 20 reaches a preset pore pressure value, controlling the three-way valve to be switched from an open state to a closed state by using the computer, standing a sand sample for a period of time (for example, 15-30 minutes) to enable the internal pressure of the quicksand layer to reach a balanced state, and thus realizing that the quicksand layer can simulate the normal stress state of the overpressure sand; then, manually adjusting the three-way valve and simultaneously opening the drain valve to switch the water injection pipe b from water injection operation to water drainage operation, wherein the water outlet pipe of the oil-water separator is still communicated with the quicksand layer through the three-way valve and the water injection pipe a, and the computer controls the servo supercharger 26 to drive the oil-water separator 25 to still keep water injection operation through the water injection pipe a, so that the pressure value of the oil-water separator (namely, the pressure value of the quicksand layer near the water injection pipe a) can reach and be maintained at a preset pore pressure value, the pressure value of the quicksand layer near the water injection pipe a simulates the normal stress state of overpressure sand, namely, the sand far away from the drilling section is simulated, the pressure of the quicksand layer near the water injection pipe b is reduced, the condition that the drilling section encounters overpressure sand to trigger shallow water flow is simulated, and the pressure of the quicksand layer near the pressure measuring pipe is also reduced, the pressure gauge is used for monitoring the pore pressure value of an accessory flowing sand layer of the pressure measuring pipe and transmitting the pressure value to a computer in real time for displaying and storing. Further, the pressure value measured by the pressure gauge may be set to be recorded every 5 seconds to obtain the change of the pore pressure of the sand layer flowing near the measuring pipe with time.
Step four: after the pressure value measured by the pressure gauge is observed to be lower than the minimum pressure value required by the experiment, the servo booster 26 is closed through the computer, the water injection pipe a is stopped to carry out water injection operation, and correspondingly, the water injection pipe a is also stopped to carry out pressurization operation. Then, the hydraulic device is closed, and the stress of the sand body sample in the three-dimensional direction is unloaded to zero.
Step five: and disassembling the sample placing table, taking out the sand body sample, and taking the sand body sample to a ventilation position for air drying treatment. Subsequently, the air-dried sand body sample was subjected to a slicing treatment.
Step six: and (3) shooting the structure of each slice by using a high-definition camera, and obtaining the sand body three-dimensional distribution structure of the sand body sample after the experiment through three-dimensional imaging. Because the water injection pipe b in the third step is switched to the water drainage operation from the water injection operation, and the water injection pipe a is always kept in the water injection operation, the colored sand grains near the water injection pipe a can be diffused all around and mainly diffused along the direction towards the water injection pipe b, and the distribution condition of the colored sand grains of the quicksand layer of each slice is observed, so that the sand grain damage and migration condition inside the quicksand layer of the sand body sample can be observed through the distribution of the coloring agent, and the method has certain guiding significance for pertinently improving the well drilling tool.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the invention, and in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, various possible combinations of the invention will not be described further. Such simple modifications and combinations should be considered within the scope of the present disclosure as well.
Claims (9)
1. The lofting platform for simulating drilling to trigger overpressure sand body is characterized in that a sand body sample comprises a sand body and an impermeable film (15) wrapping the sand body, the sand body comprises a first sand fixing layer (12), a quicksand layer (13) and a second sand fixing layer (14) which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top, the lofting platform (23) comprises a cover plate assembly and a pressing mechanism, the pressing mechanism is provided with a cavity for containing the sand body sample, the pressing mechanism is arranged to apply pressure to the inner wall of the cavity so as to simulate the ground stress condition of the sand body sample, the cavity is arranged to be upward, the cover plate assembly is arranged at the opening side of the cavity and is arranged to be capable of pressing the second sand fixing layer (14) through the impermeable film (15), a water injection port is formed in the cover plate assembly and is arranged to be capable of being introduced into a water injection pipe (18) for injecting water to the quicksand layer (13), so that the quicksand layer (13) can simulate the high-pressure state of the sand body sample;
the pressing mechanism comprises a hydraulic device (24), a fixed cover, a plurality of pressing plates and a plurality of sliding blocks (8), the hydraulic device (24) comprises a hydraulic source and a hydraulic pipe which provides hydraulic pressure through the hydraulic source, the cover plate assembly is connected with the fixed cover, the fixed cover is arranged into a groove structure with an upward opening, the groove structure is provided with a mounting channel (7) which is used for penetrating into the hydraulic pipe, the groove structure is arranged to be capable of accommodating and abutting against the plurality of pressing plates and the plurality of sliding blocks (8), the side surface of the plurality of pressing plates, which is far away from the groove structure, is arranged to be capable of forming the cavity, the side surface of each pressing plate, which abuts against the groove structure, is provided with a sliding groove, each sliding block (8) is arranged to be capable of being slidably and hermetically connected into the sliding groove to form a hydraulic cavity (9) with the sliding groove, and each slider (8) is formed with a central hole for connecting the hydraulic pipe so that the hydraulic pipe can inject high-pressure liquid into the hydraulic chamber (9).
2. The lofting platform for triggering overpressure sand body in simulated drilling according to claim 1, wherein the sand body is in a square cylinder shape and the central axis is arranged along a vertical direction, the plurality of the pressing plates are divided into a first group of pressing plates (10), a second group of pressing plates (11) and a third group of pressing plates, wherein the first group of pressing plates (10) are arranged along a horizontal direction to press the first sand fixing layer (12) through the impermeable membrane (15), the second group of pressing plates (11) are arranged along a vertical direction and are arranged to press the first sand fixing layer (12), the quicksand layer (13) and the second sand fixing layer (14) of the sand body simultaneously through the impermeable membrane (15), and the third group of pressing plates are arranged along a direction perpendicular to the first group of pressing plates (10) and the second group of pressing plates (11) and are arranged to press the first sand fixing layer (12) and the second sand fixing layer (14) of the sand body simultaneously through the impermeable membrane (15), A quicksand layer (13) and a second sand fixing layer (14).
3. A lofting station for simulating drilling triggering of overpressure sand bodies according to claim 2, characterized in that the mounting channel (7) comprises a first channel and a second channel, the groove structure comprises a sleeve (5), a bottom plate (3) and a plurality of lining plates (6), the bottom plate (3) is arranged to be able to support the first set of pressing plates (10) and to form the first channel, the cover plate assembly is detachably connected with the bottom plate (3), a plurality of lining plates (6) is arranged at the inner circumference of the sleeve (5) and to be able to press the second set of pressing plates (11) and the third set of pressing plates, each lining plate (6) is formed with the second channel.
4. A lofting station for triggering overpressure sand bodies for simulated drilling according to claim 3, characterized in that the cover plate assembly comprises a cover plate (1) and a baffle (2), the cover plate (1) being detachably connected with the base plate (3), the baffle (2) being arranged for being pressed between the second sand consolidation layer (14) and the cover plate (1).
5. Lofting station for simulated drilling triggered overpressure sand bodies according to claim 4, characterized in that the lofting station (23) comprises a reinforcement (17) that can be received and supported at the water injection port, the reinforcement (17) being formed with a plurality of water injection pipe passages for opening into the water injection pipe (18).
6. A measurement system for simulating drilling triggered overpressure sand bodies, characterized in that the measurement system comprises a water injection/drainage unit and a lofting station (23) for simulating drilling triggered overpressure sand bodies according to any one of claims 1-5, a water injection through groove which is used for accommodating the water injection pipe (18) and is communicated with the water injection port is arranged on the second sand fixation layer (14), the water injection/drainage unit comprises a plurality of water injection pipes (18), each water injection pipe (18) sequentially penetrates through the water injection port and the water injection through groove and extends into the quicksand layer (13), the water injection/drainage unit is arranged to perform water injection/drainage operation on the quicksand layer (13) through a plurality of water injection pipes (18) so that the quicksand layer (13) can simulate a high-pressure state of the overpressure sand body or a stress state of the overpressure sand body when the overpressure sand body meets a drilling well.
7. The system for measuring sand triggering by excess pressure in simulated drilling according to claim 6, characterized in that said water injection/drainage unit is arranged to enable at least part of said plurality of water injection pipes (18) to perform a water injection operation towards said layer of running sand (13).
8. The system for measuring the sand body with overpressure triggered by simulated drilling according to claim 7 is characterized in that the water injection/drainage unit comprises a servo booster (26), an oil-water separator (25), a pressure measuring pipe (19) and two water injection pipes (18), the oil-water separator (25) is connected with the servo booster (26) and a water outlet pipe is communicated with the two water injection pipes (18) through a three-way valve (21), so that the oil-water separator (25) can perform water injection operation to at least one water injection pipe (18) through the three-way valve (21) under the driving of the servo booster (26), a drainage pipeline (22) capable of performing drainage operation is connected to the two water injection pipes (18), one end of the pressure measuring pipe (19) sequentially passes through the water injection ports, the water injection through groove and extends into the quicksand layer (13), the other end of the pressure measuring pipe (19) is connected with a pressure gauge (20) for measuring the stress state of the quicksand layer (13).
9. The system for measuring the sand body with overpressure triggered by simulated drilling according to claim 8 is characterized by comprising a control unit (27), wherein the control unit (27) is electrically connected with the pressure gauge (20) and the three-way valve (21) respectively to control the three-way valve (21) to be switched from an open state to a closed state according to the pressure value of the quicksand layer (13) measured by the pressure gauge (20), and the control unit (27) is electrically connected with the servo booster (26) and the oil-water separator (25) respectively to control the servo booster (26) to drive the oil-water separator (25) to perform water injection operation according to the pressure value of the oil-water separator (25).
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