CN111272323B - Steel structure residual stress measuring instrument and using method thereof - Google Patents
Steel structure residual stress measuring instrument and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111272323B CN111272323B CN202010161168.6A CN202010161168A CN111272323B CN 111272323 B CN111272323 B CN 111272323B CN 202010161168 A CN202010161168 A CN 202010161168A CN 111272323 B CN111272323 B CN 111272323B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0047—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes measuring forces due to residual stresses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/14—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
- G01B5/143—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures between holes on a workpiece
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Abstract
The invention provides a steel structure residual stress measuring instrument and a using method thereof, wherein the measuring instrument comprises a fixed measuring conical head, a sliding measuring conical head, a metal bracket, a dial indicator, a clamping bracket and a buffer spring system, wherein the clamping bracket, the fixed measuring conical head and the buffer spring system are all fixed on the metal bracket, the dial indicator is laterally placed on the metal bracket, and the thickness dimension of a dial plate is close to or the same as the width dimension of the metal bracket; the sliding measuring conical head can freely slide in a measuring head sliding hole of the metal support, the left end of the sliding measuring conical head is connected with the end head of a measuring rod of the dial indicator, and the right end of the sliding measuring conical head abuts against the buffer spring system. The measuring instrument is also provided with a standard pitch ruler and a temperature correcting ruler, wherein the standard pitch ruler and the temperature correcting ruler are identical in structure and size, the standard pitch ruler is used as a reference ruler, and the temperature correcting ruler is used for correcting the influence of temperature change on the pitch of the small holes to be measured. The measuring instrument has a simple structure, and can accurately measure the residual stress near the joint of the plates; the measuring restoring force is small, the measuring conical head cannot deviate from the center of the measuring hole, and the measuring precision is not influenced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel structure stress measurement, particularly relates to a research on section residual stress distribution test of a steel structure, and particularly relates to a steel structure residual stress measuring instrument and a using method thereof.
Background
The distribution of residual stress is one of important factors influencing the stability of a steel structure, and has very important influence on the fatigue performance, brittle fracture, stress corrosion and the like of the steel structure. The research on the residual stress distribution of the section of the component is one of important research subjects in the field of steel structures, and the residual stress distribution of the steel structures is generally measured by a cutting method at present. When the cutting method is used for measuring the residual stress of the steel structure, a plurality of pairs of small holes are drilled in advance on the steel member, then the steel member is cut into a plurality of steel bars with certain lengths along the length direction, the change of the distance between each pair of small holes on the steel bars before and after cutting is measured by a handheld strain gauge, the residual deformation released due to cutting is further obtained, and the residual stress of the cross section is calculated according to the hooke's law.
However, when the cutting method is used for measuring the residual stress of the steel structure, the conventional handheld strain gauge cannot accurately measure the longitudinal residual stress of the joint of the plate parts with the cross sections of H-shaped steel, I-shaped steel, T-shaped steel, angle steel and the like, and because the conventional handheld strain gauge has a large volume and is limited by a measurement space, the initial distance between each pair of small holes near the intersection of the plate parts cannot be accurately measured before the member is cut, so that the accurate residual stress of the position cannot be obtained; especially for the section with small section size, the number of steel bars which can be cut on each plate is not large, and if a part of steel bars can not provide an accurate residual stress measurement result, reliable section residual stress distribution can not be obtained finally; moreover, the rigidity of a spring piece used by a buffer system of the conventional handheld strain gauge is overlarge, and the restoring force during measurement is large, so that the measurement conical head deviates from the center of a measurement hole and the measurement precision is influenced.
In summary, how to provide a steel structure residual stress measuring device, which can accurately measure the residual stress near the joint of the plate, and can avoid the influence on the measuring precision due to the larger restoring force of the buffer system, has become a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome a series of defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a steel structure residual stress measuring instrument, which comprises a fixed measuring conical head 1, a sliding measuring conical head 2, a metal bracket 3, a dial indicator 4, a clamping bracket 5, a buffer spring system 6 and a cylindrical metal block 11, and is characterized in that the clamping bracket 5, the fixed measuring conical head 1 and the buffer spring system 6 are all fixed on the metal bracket 3, the dial indicator 4 is laterally placed on the metal bracket 3 and comprises a clamping shaft sleeve and a measuring rod end head, and the clamping shaft sleeve and the measuring rod end head are respectively connected with the clamping bracket 5 and the sliding measuring conical head 2; the metal bracket 3 is provided with a measuring head sliding hole 10, and the sliding measuring conical head 2 freely slides in the measuring head sliding hole 10; the buffer spring system 6 is close to the sliding measuring conical head 2 and used for buffering the measuring instrument; the fixed measuring conical head 1 and the cylindrical metal block 11 are both provided with a holding plastic handle 7.
Furthermore, a first meter clamping hole 13 is formed in the clamping support 5, a second meter clamping hole 14 is formed in the sliding measuring conical head 2, and a measuring rod end and a clamping shaft sleeve of the dial indicator 4 are respectively inserted into the second meter clamping hole 14 and the first meter clamping hole 13; the buffer spring system 6 comprises a spring piece 61, a cuboid metal block I62 and a cuboid metal block II 63, the cuboid metal block I62 is fixed on the corresponding position of the metal support 3, and the cuboid metal block II 63 abuts against the right end of the sliding measuring conical head 2.
Further, the steel structure residual stress measuring instrument is provided with a fixed measuring conical head 1 and a sliding measuring conical head 2 which are different in height and size.
Further, according to the measurement requirements, the steel structure residual stress measuring instrument is provided with a dial indicator 4 with different measuring ranges and different precision.
Further, the width dimension of the metal bracket 3 is similar to or the same as the thickness dimension of the dial plate of the dial gauge 4.
Further, the measuring instrument is also provided with a standard pitch ruler 12 and a temperature correction ruler 15 which have the same structure and size, the standard pitch ruler 12 and the temperature correction ruler 15 are provided with mark holes at the corresponding positions of the two ends, and the mark hole distance sizes are L0When the steel structure residual stress measuring instrument is used, the standard pitch ruler 12 is used as a reference ruler, and the temperature correcting ruler 15 corrects the influence of temperature change on the pitch of the small hole to be measured; when the dial indicator 4 is positioned at the zero position, the distance between the fixed measuring conical head 1 and the sliding measuring conical head 2 is larger than the distance L of the standard hole0。
Further, the gauge 12 is made of a low expansion alloy material having an average expansion coefficient of 1.5 × 10-5DEG C; the temperature correction ruler 15 is made of a base material of the measured metal member, and has the same linear expansion coefficient as the measured metal member.
Furthermore, the surfaces of the fixed measuring conical head 1 and the sliding measuring conical head 2 are smooth and have no groove, and when the dial indicator 4 is positioned at a zero position, the distance between the fixed measuring conical head 1 and the sliding measuring conical head 2 is L0+2mm。
The invention also aims to provide a using method of the steel structure residual stress measuring instrument, which comprises the following steps:
s1): firstly, inserting a fixed measuring conical head 1 into one standard hole of a standard pitch ruler 12, and then slightly moving a sliding measuring conical head 2 into the other standard hole of the standard pitch ruler 12;
s2): holding the plastic handle 7 by hand, pressing and slightly shaking the instrument back and forth to enable the sliding measuring conical head 2 to be inserted into the center of the mark hole, and reading the readings after the dial indicator 4 is stabilized;
s3): measuring the hole distance of the small hole to be measured according to the step S1 and the step S2 and reading;
s4): obtaining the actual value of the hole distance of the small hole to be measured according to the fact that the actual value of the hole distance of the small hole to be measured is the sum of the standard hole distance ruler 12 and the difference value of the readings of the dial gauge 4 in the two times;
s5): measuring the pitch of the holes marked on the temperature correction scale 15, and referring to the steps S1 and S2;
s6): in order to reduce errors, the hole distance of the standard pitch ruler 12 standard holes, the hole distance of the small holes to be measured and the hole distance of the temperature correction ruler 15 standard holes are repeatedly measured for three times, and the average value of the readings of the three times is taken.
Further, when measuring the residual stress of the steel structure by using a cutting method, in order to reduce the influence of the temperature change in different measurement periods on the distance of the small hole to be measured, the change of each pair of hole distances before and after cutting needs to be measured, and the change of the hole distance of the hole marked by the temperature correction ruler 15 before and after cutting is measured to correct the temperature, the method comprises the following steps:
A1) the method comprises the following steps The hole distance of the standard pitch ruler 12 before and after cutting, the hole distance of the temperature correction ruler 15 and the hole distance of the small hole to be measured are respectively measured by using a steel structure residual stress measuring instrument, and the residual strain released before and after cutting can be calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula: epsilonrResidual strain released before and after cutting, rs1Average of readings obtained for three replicates of the pitch of 12 standard holes on a standard pitch rule, r, prior to cuttingt1For repeated measurement before cuttingAverage of readings, r, obtained three times for the pitch of the holes marked on the temperature correction ruler 151Average value of readings obtained by repeatedly measuring hole pitch of the small hole to be measured three times before cutting, rs2Average of readings obtained for three repeated measurements of the hole pitch of 12 standard holes of a standard pitch ruler after cutting, rt2The average value of the readings obtained for three repeated measurements of the pitch of the 15 standard holes of the temperature correction ruler after cutting, r2Average value of readings obtained by repeatedly measuring hole pitch of the small hole to be measured three times after cutting, L0The standard hole pitch distance is the standard hole pitch ruler 12;
A2) the method comprises the following steps The residual stress of the metal member in the initial state is obtained according to Hooke's law, as shown in the following formula:
σr＝-Eεr
in the formula: epsilonrResidual strain, σ, to release before and after cuttingrThe residual stress in the initial state of the metal member, and E is the modulus of elasticity.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a steel structure residual stress measuring instrument and a using method thereof, and the steel structure residual stress measuring instrument has the following beneficial effects:
1) the instrument has simple structure, low manufacturing cost and better economy;
2) the instrument has small volume and can be used for accurately measuring the residual stress near the joint of the plates;
3) the restoring force of the instrument is small during measurement, so that the measuring conical head cannot deviate from the center of the measuring hole, and the measuring precision is not influenced;
4) the instrument is provided with measuring conical heads with different heights, so that the instrument can adapt to different measuring requirements;
5) spare and accessory parts of the instrument are fixed through bolts, are convenient to detach and replace and can be used for a long time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the overall structure of a steel structure residual stress measuring instrument according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a metal support in the steel structure residual stress measuring instrument of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of a clamping bracket of the steel structure residual stress measuring instrument of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a side view of a sliding measuring cone head in the steel structure residual stress measuring instrument of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a side view of the components of a damping spring system in a steel structure residual stress gauge of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a top view of a gauge in a residual stress gauge for steel structures according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a top view of a temperature correction ruler in the residual stress measuring instrument of a steel structure according to the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures are:
1-fixed measuring conical head, 2-sliding measuring conical head, 3-metal support, 4-micrometer gauge, 5-clamping support, 6-buffer spring system, 7-holding plastic handle, 10-measuring head sliding hole, 11-cylinder metal block, 12-standard hole pitch ruler, 13-first meter clamping hole, 14-second meter clamping hole and 15-temperature correcting ruler; 61-spring piece, 62-cuboid metal block I, 63-cuboid metal block II.
Detailed Description
In order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention.
All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiments and the directional terms described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be used in the explanation of the invention, and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
As shown in fig. 1-5, a steel structure residual stress measuring instrument comprises a fixed measuring conical head 1, a sliding measuring conical head 2, a metal bracket 3, a dial indicator 4, a clamping bracket 5, a buffer spring system 6 and a cylindrical metal block 11, and is characterized in that the clamping bracket 5, the fixed measuring conical head 1 and the buffer spring system 6 are all fixed on the metal bracket 3, the dial indicator 4 is laterally placed on the metal bracket 3 and comprises a clamping shaft sleeve and a measuring rod end, and the clamping shaft sleeve and the measuring rod end are respectively connected with the clamping bracket 5 and the sliding measuring conical head 2; the metal bracket 3 is provided with a measuring head sliding hole 10, and the sliding measuring conical head 2 freely slides in the measuring head sliding hole 10; the buffer spring system 6 is close to the sliding measuring conical head 2 and used for buffering the measuring instrument; the fixed measuring conical head 1 and the cylindrical metal block 11 are both provided with a holding plastic handle 7 so as to facilitate handheld measurement.
Preferably, the clamping bracket 5 is provided with a first meter clamping hole 13, the sliding measuring conical head 2 is provided with a second meter clamping hole 14, and the measuring rod end and the clamping shaft sleeve of the dial indicator 4 are respectively inserted into the second meter clamping hole 14 and the first meter clamping hole 13; the buffer spring system 6 comprises a spring piece 61, a cuboid metal block I62 and a cuboid metal block II 63, the cuboid metal block I62 is fixed on the corresponding position of the metal support 3, and the cuboid metal block II 63 abuts against the right end of the sliding measuring conical head 2.
Preferably, the steel structure residual stress measuring instrument is provided with a fixed measuring conical head 1 and a sliding measuring conical head 2 which are different in height and size so as to be suitable for different measuring environments.
Preferably, according to the measurement requirement, the steel structure residual stress measuring instrument is provided with a dial indicator 4 with different measuring ranges and accuracies.
Preferably, the width dimension of the metal bracket 3 is similar to or the same as the thickness dimension of the dial plate of the dial gauge 4, so that the geometric volume of the instrument is reduced, and the residual stress measurement near the joint of the plate parts is realized.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the measuring instrument is further provided with a standard pitch ruler 12 and a temperature correction ruler 15, both of which have the same structure and size, wherein the standard pitch ruler 12 and the temperature correction ruler 15 are provided with standard holes at corresponding positions at both ends, and the standard holes have distance sizes of L0When the steel structure residual stress measuring instrument is used, the standard pitch ruler 12 is used as a reference ruler, and the temperature correcting ruler 15 corrects the influence of temperature change on the pitch of the small hole to be measured; when the dial gauge 4 is in the zero position, the measurement is fixedThe distance between the conical head 1 and the sliding measuring conical head 2 is larger than the distance L of the standard hole0。
Preferably, the gauge 12 is made of a low expansion alloy material having an average expansion coefficient of 1.5 x 10-5DEG C; the temperature correction ruler 15 is made of a base material of a measured metal member, which has the same linear expansion coefficient as the measured metal member, to exclude the possible temperature influence when the measurement interval time is long.
Preferably, the surfaces of the fixed measuring conical head 1 and the sliding measuring conical head 2 are smooth and have no groove, and when the dial indicator 4 is positioned at a zero position, the distance between the fixed measuring conical head 1 and the sliding measuring conical head 2 is L0+2mm, the distance between the fixed measuring cone head 1 and the sliding measuring cone head 2 is slightly larger than the standard hole distance L0So as to ensure that the sliding measuring cone head 2 always slides leftwards during measurement, and can avoid measurement errors caused by the larger restoring force of the buffer spring system 6.
The invention also aims to provide a using method of the steel structure residual stress measuring instrument, which comprises the following steps:
s1): firstly, inserting a fixed measuring conical head 1 into one standard hole of a standard pitch ruler 12, and then slightly moving a sliding measuring conical head 2 into the other standard hole of the standard pitch ruler 12;
s2): holding the plastic handle 7 by hand, pressing and slightly shaking the instrument back and forth to enable the sliding measuring conical head 2 to be inserted into the center of the mark hole, and reading the readings after the dial indicator 4 is stabilized;
s3): measuring the hole distance of the small hole to be measured according to the step S1 and the step S2 and reading;
s4): obtaining the actual value of the hole distance of the small hole to be measured according to the fact that the actual value of the hole distance of the small hole to be measured is the sum of the standard hole distance ruler 12 and the difference value of the readings of the dial gauge 4 in the two times;
s5): measuring the pitch of the holes marked on the temperature correction scale 15, and referring to the steps S1 and S2;
s6): in order to reduce errors, the hole distance of the standard pitch ruler 12 standard holes, the hole distance of the small holes to be measured and the hole distance of the temperature correction ruler 15 standard holes are repeatedly measured for three times, and the average value of the readings of the three times is taken.
Further, when measuring the residual stress of the steel structure by using a cutting method, in order to reduce the influence of the temperature change in different measurement periods on the distance of the small hole to be measured, the change of each pair of hole distances before and after cutting needs to be measured, and the change of the hole distance of the hole marked by the temperature correction ruler 15 before and after cutting is measured to correct the temperature, the method comprises the following steps:
A1) the method comprises the following steps The hole distance of the standard pitch ruler 12 before and after cutting, the hole distance of the temperature correction ruler 15 and the hole distance of the small hole to be measured are respectively measured by using a steel structure residual stress measuring instrument, and the residual strain released before and after cutting can be calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula: epsilonrResidual strain released before and after cutting, rs1Average of readings obtained for three replicates of the pitch of 12 standard holes on a standard pitch rule, r, prior to cuttingt1Average of readings, r, obtained for three repeated measurements of the pitch of the 15 standard holes of the temperature correction ruler before cutting1Average value of readings obtained by repeatedly measuring hole pitch of the small hole to be measured three times before cutting, rs2Average of readings obtained for three repeated measurements of the hole pitch of 12 standard holes of a standard pitch ruler after cutting, rt2The average value of the readings obtained for three repeated measurements of the pitch of the 15 standard holes of the temperature correction ruler after cutting, r2Average value of readings obtained by repeatedly measuring hole pitch of the small hole to be measured three times after cutting, L0The standard hole pitch distance is the standard hole pitch ruler 12;
A2) the method comprises the following steps The residual stress of the metal member in the initial state is obtained according to Hooke's law, as shown in the following formula:
σr＝-Eεr
in the formula: epsilonrResidual strain, σ, to release before and after cuttingrThe residual stress in the initial state of the metal member, and E is the modulus of elasticity.
Finally, it should be pointed out that: the above examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A steel structure residual stress measuring instrument comprises a fixed measuring conical head (1), a sliding measuring conical head (2), a metal support (3), a dial indicator (4), a clamping support (5), a buffer spring system (6) and a cylindrical metal block (11), and is characterized in that the clamping support (5), the fixed measuring conical head (1), the cylindrical metal block (11) and the buffer spring system (6) are all fixed on the metal support (3), the dial indicator (4) is laterally placed on the metal support (3), the dial indicator (4) comprises a clamping shaft sleeve and a measuring rod end, and the clamping shaft sleeve and the measuring rod end are respectively connected with the clamping support (5) and the sliding measuring conical head (2); a measuring head sliding hole (10) is formed in the metal support (3), and the sliding measuring conical head (2) freely slides in the measuring head sliding hole (10); the buffer spring system (6) is close to the sliding measuring conical head (2) and is used for buffering the measuring instrument; the fixed measuring conical head (1) and the cylindrical metal block (11) are both provided with a holding plastic handle (7);
steel construction residual stress measuring apparatu still is equipped with standard pitch chi (12) and temperature correction chi (15) that structure and size are all the same, standard pitch chi (12) and temperature correction chi (15) are all provided with the mark hole in the corresponding position at both ends, and its mark hole is L apart from the size0When the steel structure residual stress measuring instrument is used, the standard pitch ruler (12) is used as a reference ruler, and the temperature correcting ruler (15) corrects the influence of temperature change on the pitch of the small hole to be measured; when the dial indicator (4) is at zero position, the distance between the fixed measuring conical head (1) and the sliding measuring conical head (2) is larger than the distance L of the standard hole0。
2. The steel structure residual stress measuring instrument according to claim 1, wherein a first meter clamping hole (13) is formed in the clamping support (5), a second meter clamping hole (14) is formed in the sliding measuring conical head (2), and a measuring rod end and a clamping shaft sleeve of the dial indicator (4) are respectively inserted into the second meter clamping hole (14) and the first meter clamping hole (13); the buffer spring system (6) comprises a spring piece (61), a cuboid metal block I (62) and a cuboid metal block II (63), the cuboid metal block I (62) is fixed on the corresponding position of the metal support (3), and the cuboid metal block II (63) abuts against the right end of the sliding measurement conical head (2).
3. The steel structure residual stress measuring instrument according to claim 2, characterized in that the steel structure residual stress measuring instrument is provided with a fixed measuring cone head (1) and a sliding measuring cone head (2) which have different height dimensions.
4. The steel structure residual stress measuring instrument according to the claim 2, characterized in that, according to the measuring requirement, the steel structure residual stress measuring instrument is provided with dial indicators (4) with different measuring ranges and precision.
5. The steel structure residual stress measuring instrument according to the claim 4, characterized in that the width dimension of the metal bracket (3) is similar to or the same as the thickness dimension of the dial plate of the dial gauge (4).
6. Steel structure residual stress measuring instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that the standard pitch ruler (12) is made of low expansion alloy material with an average expansion coefficient of 1.5 x 10-5DEG C; the temperature correction ruler (15) is made of a base material of the measured metal member, and has the same linear expansion coefficient as the measured metal member.
7. The steel structure residual stress measuring instrument according to claim 1, wherein the surfaces of the fixed measuring conical head (1) and the sliding measuring conical head (2) are smooth and have no groove, and when the dial indicator (4) is in a zero position, the distance between the fixed measuring conical head (1) and the sliding measuring conical head (2) is L0+2mm。
8. The use method of the steel structure residual stress measuring instrument according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1): firstly, inserting a fixed measuring conical head (1) into one marking hole of a standard pitch ruler (12), and then slightly moving a sliding measuring conical head (2) into the other marking hole of the standard pitch ruler (12);
s2): holding a plastic handle (7) by hand, pressing and slightly shaking the instrument back and forth to enable the sliding measuring conical head (2) to be inserted into the center of the marking hole, and reading the readings after the dial indicator (4) is stabilized;
s3): measuring the hole distance of the small hole to be measured according to the step S1 and the step S2 and reading;
s4): obtaining the actual value of the hole distance of the small hole to be measured according to the fact that the actual value of the hole distance of the small hole to be measured is the sum of the standard hole distance ruler (12) and the difference value of the readings of the dial gauge (4) in the previous and next times;
s5): measuring the pitch of the marked holes of the temperature correction ruler (15), and referring to the steps S1 and S2;
s6): in order to reduce errors, the hole distance of the standard hole pitch ruler (12) marking holes, the hole distance of the small hole to be measured and the hole distance of the temperature correction ruler (15) marking holes are repeatedly measured for three times, and the average value of the readings of the three times is taken.
9. The use method of the steel structure residual stress measuring instrument according to the claim 8, characterized in that, when measuring the steel structure residual stress by the cutting method, in order to reduce the influence of the temperature change in different measuring time periods on the distance of the small hole to be measured, the change of each pair of hole distances before and after cutting is measured, and the change of the hole distance of the marked hole of the temperature correcting ruler (15) before and after cutting is measured at the same time to correct the temperature, comprising the following steps:
A1) the method comprises the following steps The method comprises the following steps of respectively measuring the hole distance of a standard hole distance ruler (12), the hole distance of a temperature correction ruler (15) and the hole distance of a small hole to be measured before and after cutting by using a steel structure residual stress measuring instrument, and calculating the released residual strain before and after cutting according to the following formula:
in the formula: epsilonrFor cuttingResidual strain released before and after, rs1Average of readings obtained for three repeated measurements of the pitch of standard pitch rule (12) standard holes before cutting, rt1Average of readings obtained for three repeated measurements of the pitch of the holes marked by the temperature correction ruler (15) before cutting, r1Average value of readings obtained by repeatedly measuring hole pitch of the small hole to be measured three times before cutting, rs2Average value of readings obtained by repeatedly measuring the hole pitch of standard pitch ruler (12) standard holes after cutting, rt2The average value of the readings obtained for repeatedly measuring the hole pitch of the calibration holes of the temperature correction ruler (15) after cutting is three times r2Average value of readings obtained by repeatedly measuring hole pitch of the small hole to be measured three times after cutting, L0Marking the hole distance of a standard pitch ruler (12);
A2) the method comprises the following steps The residual stress of the metal member in the initial state is obtained according to Hooke's law, as shown in the following formula:
σr＝-Eεr
in the formula: epsilonrResidual strain, σ, to release before and after cuttingrThe residual stress in the initial state of the metal member, and E is the modulus of elasticity.
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| Q420等边角钢轴压杆稳定性能研究(Ⅰ)—残余应力的试验研究;班慧勇等;《土木工程学报》;20100731;第43卷(第7期);第14-21页 * |
| Residual stress of 460 MPa high strength steel welded box section: Experimental investigation and modeling;Huiyong Ban等;《Thin-Walled Structures》;20130331;第64卷;第73-82页 * |
| 焊接圆钢管残余应力试验研究;施刚等;《建筑结构学报》;20141130;第35卷(第11期);第125-133页 * |
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