CN111270280B - Coating structure of sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Coating structure of sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111270280B CN111270280B CN202010076563.4A CN202010076563A CN111270280B CN 111270280 B CN111270280 B CN 111270280B CN 202010076563 A CN202010076563 A CN 202010076563A CN 111270280 B CN111270280 B CN 111270280B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/001—Magnets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
- C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/14—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates
- H01F41/24—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates from liquids
- H01F41/26—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates from liquids using electric currents, e.g. electroplating
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a coating structure of a sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet and a preparation method thereof, wherein the coating structure comprises the following steps: sintering the neodymium iron boron magnet; a tin-containing layer surrounding the sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet; a copper layer surrounding the tin-containing layer; and a nickel layer surrounding the copper layer, wherein the tin-containing layer serves as a base layer, the nickel layer serves as a surface layer, and the copper layer is interposed between the tin-containing layer and the nickel layer. The coating structure of the sintered neodymium iron boron magnet provided by the invention has the characteristics of low thermal demagnetization rate, high adhesion and high corrosion resistance of the coating of the magnet, and simultaneously reduces one-step process flow and resource waste.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electromagnetism, and particularly relates to a coating structure of a sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet and a preparation method of the coating structure.
Background
In the sintered neodymium iron boron industry, a plating layer structure of nickel + copper + nickel, nickel + nickel, blue white zinc, zinc + zinc-nickel alloy + copper + nickel is generally adopted. Tests prove that compared with the coating primed by copper, zinc or tin, the coating primed by nickel has obviously higher thermal demagnetization rate and obviously lower initial magnetic flux, which greatly affects the miniaturization application of electronic devices.
In order to counteract the use problem of functional devices caused by thermal demagnetization, material engineers have developed and manufactured magnets with higher Br (remanence) and Hcj (intrinsic coercivity) at higher cost over the past years to compensate for the loss of magnetic energy caused by high thermal demagnetization rate due to plating. However, the theoretical maximum energy product (BH) m of the ndfeb permanent magnet is about 64MGOe, i.e. the magnetic performance of the magnet is peaked, and the final material engineer puts the beam at his disposal, which requires the electroplating engineer to come up with a solution.
The copper or zinc-based coating structure indeed solves the magnetic property loss caused by nickel-based coating to a great extent, and has advantages and disadvantages in application. The plating layer with copper as the base has lower plating layer binding force; the coating structure which uses a zinc coating as a base and uses a nickel coating as a surface layer also has the great defect that a zinc-nickel alloy coating is required to be used as a conversion layer, otherwise, the bonding force between the coatings is low. However, when the zinc-nickel alloy is used as the conversion layer, a process is inevitably added, which increases the waste of resources and the increase of production cost.
Therefore, there is an urgent need for a coating structure that optimally matches the magnetic properties, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and resource cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The plating layer structure provided by the invention finds the best fit point, has the advantages of low thermal demagnetization rate, short electroplating process flow, low cost and no resource waste, and has good mechanical property and corrosion resistance.
The embodiment of the invention provides a coating structure of a sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet, which comprises: sintering the neodymium iron boron magnet; a tin-containing layer and surrounding the sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet; a copper layer surrounding the tin-containing layer; and a nickel layer surrounding the copper layer, wherein the tin-containing layer serves as a base layer, the nickel layer serves as a surface layer, and the copper layer is interposed between the tin-containing layer and the nickel layer.
In the coating structure of the sintered NdFeB magnet, the thickness of the tin-containing layer is 3-5 mu m.
In the coating structure of the sintered NdFeB magnet, the thickness of the copper layer is 3-5 mu m.
In the coating structure of the sintered NdFeB magnet, the thickness of the nickel layer is 4-8 mu m.
In the plating layer structure of the sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet, the tin-containing layer is in direct contact with the sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet.
In the plating layer structure of the sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet, the tin-containing layer comprises a tin layer or a copper-tin binary alloy layer.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the coating structure of the sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet, which comprises the following steps: preprocessing the sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet; forming a tin-containing layer on the sintered NdFeB magnet; forming a copper layer on the tin-containing layer; and forming a nickel layer on the copper layer, wherein the tin-containing layer serves as a base layer and the nickel layer serves as a surface layer.
In the above preparation method, the tin-containing layer is in direct contact with the sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet.
In the above production method, the tin-containing layer includes a tin layer or a copper-tin binary alloy layer.
In the above production method, the tin-containing layer, the copper layer, and the nickel layer are formed by electroplating.
The coating structure of the sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention have the characteristics of high adhesion and high corrosion resistance of the coating of the magnet while obtaining the characteristic of low thermal demagnetization rate, and simultaneously reduce one-step process flow and waste of resources.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a sintered ndfeb magnet and its plating structure (1-sintered ndfeb magnet; 2-tin layer; 3-copper layer; 4-nickel layer).
Detailed Description
The following examples are presented to enable those skilled in the art to more fully understand the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
The invention provides a coating structure of a sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet and a preparation method thereof, wherein the coating structure comprises the following steps: sintering the neodymium iron boron magnet; a tin-containing layer surrounding the sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet; a copper layer surrounding a tin-containing layer (including a tin layer or a copper-tin binary alloy layer); and a nickel layer surrounding the copper layer, wherein the tin-containing layer serves as a base layer, the nickel layer serves as a surface layer, and the copper layer is interposed between the tin-containing layer and the nickel layer.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
preprocessing (including chamfering, deoiling, pickling and ultrasonic washing) the sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet; forming a tin-containing layer (including a tin layer or a copper-tin binary alloy layer) on the sintered NdFeB magnet; forming a copper layer on the tin-containing layer; and forming a nickel layer on the copper layer, wherein the tin-containing layer serves as a bottom layer and the nickel layer serves as a surface layer.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a sintered ndfeb magnet 1 and a plating structure thereof, wherein the plating structure of the sintered ndfeb magnet 1 sequentially comprises a tin layer (3 μm)2, a copper layer (3 μm)3 and a nickel layer (4 μm)4 from inside to outside.
Firstly, carrying out pretreatment of chamfering, oil removal, acid cleaning and ultrasonic water cleaning commonly used in the field on a sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet 1; then, a tin layer 2 is electroplated on the sintered NdFeB magnet 1 by adopting tin electroplating solution. Electroplating a copper layer 3 on the tin layer 2 by using a copper electroplating solution; finally, a nickel layer 4 is electroplated on the copper layer 3 by adopting a nickel electroplating solution, and the nickel layer 4 is used as a surface layer.
According to the coating structure of the sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet, the copper layer 3 is electroplated on the tin layer 2, and the nickel layer 4 is electroplated on the copper layer 3, so that the formed coating structure obtains the characteristics of low thermal demagnetization rate, high adhesion and high corrosion resistance of the coating of the magnet, the process flow is reduced, and the waste of resources is reduced.
Example 2
The invention provides a sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet 1 and a plating layer structure thereof, wherein the plating layer structure of the sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet 1 sequentially comprises a tin layer (4 mu m)2, a copper layer (4 mu m)3 and a nickel layer (6 mu m)4 from inside to outside.
Firstly, carrying out pretreatment of chamfering, oil removal, acid cleaning and ultrasonic water cleaning commonly used in the field on a sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet 1; then, a tin layer 2 is electroplated on the sintered NdFeB magnet 1 by adopting tin electroplating solution. Electroplating a copper layer 3 on the tin layer 2 by using a copper electroplating solution; finally, a nickel layer 4 is electroplated on the copper layer 3 by adopting a nickel electroplating solution, and the nickel layer 4 is used as a surface layer.
According to the coating structure of the sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet, the copper layer 3 is electroplated on the tin layer 2, and the nickel layer 4 is electroplated on the copper layer 3, so that the formed coating structure obtains the characteristics of low thermal demagnetization rate, high adhesion and high corrosion resistance of the coating of the magnet, the process flow is reduced, and the waste of resources is reduced.
Example 3
The invention provides a sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet 1 and a plating layer structure thereof, wherein the plating layer structure of the sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet 1 sequentially comprises a tin layer (5 mu m)2, a copper layer (5 mu m)3 and a nickel layer (8 mu m)4 from inside to outside.
Firstly, carrying out pretreatment of chamfering, oil removal, acid cleaning and ultrasonic water cleaning commonly used in the field on a sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet 1; then, a tin layer 2 is electroplated on the sintered NdFeB magnet 1 by adopting tin electroplating solution. Electroplating a copper layer 3 on the tin layer 2 by using a copper electroplating solution; finally, a nickel layer 4 is electroplated on the copper layer 3 by adopting a nickel electroplating solution, and the nickel layer 4 is used as a surface layer.
According to the coating structure of the sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet, the copper layer 3 is electroplated on the tin layer 2, and the nickel layer 4 is electroplated on the copper layer 3, so that the formed coating structure obtains the characteristics of low thermal demagnetization rate, high adhesion and high corrosion resistance of the coating of the magnet, the process flow is reduced, and the waste of resources is reduced.
Example 4
The invention provides a sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet 1 and a plating layer structure thereof, wherein the plating layer structure of the sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet 1 sequentially comprises a tin layer (4 mu m)2, a copper layer (5 mu m)3 and a nickel layer (5 mu m)4 from inside to outside.
Firstly, carrying out pretreatment of chamfering, oil removal, acid cleaning and ultrasonic water cleaning commonly used in the field on a sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet 1; then, a tin layer 2 is electroplated on the sintered NdFeB magnet 1 by adopting tin electroplating solution. Electroplating a copper layer 3 on the tin layer 2 by using a copper electroplating solution; finally, a nickel layer 4 is electroplated on the copper layer 3 by adopting a nickel electroplating solution, and the nickel layer 4 is used as a surface layer.
According to the coating structure of the sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet, the copper layer 3 is electroplated on the tin layer 2, and the nickel layer 4 is electroplated on the copper layer 3, so that the formed coating structure obtains the characteristics of low thermal demagnetization rate, high adhesion and high corrosion resistance of the coating of the magnet, the process flow is reduced, and the waste of resources is reduced.
Example 5
Basically the same as example 1, except that the tin layer 2 is replaced by a copper-tin binary alloy layer, specifically:
firstly, carrying out pretreatment of chamfering, oil removal, acid cleaning and ultrasonic water cleaning on a sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet; then, electroplating a copper-tin binary alloy layer on the sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet 1 by adopting a copper-tin electroplating solution; electroplating a copper layer 3 on the copper-tin binary alloy layer by using a copper electroplating solution; finally, a nickel layer 4 is electroplated on the copper layer 3 by adopting a nickel electroplating solution, and the nickel layer 4 is used as a surface layer.
According to the coating structure of the sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet, the copper layer 3 is electroplated on the copper-tin binary alloy layer, and the nickel layer 4 is electroplated on the copper layer 3, so that the formed coating structure obtains the characteristics of low thermal demagnetization rate, high adhesion and high corrosion resistance of the magnet coating, and simultaneously reduces one-step process flow and resource waste.
In conclusion, the invention provides the coating structure of the sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet and the preparation method thereof, the coating structure obtains the characteristics of low thermal demagnetization rate, high adhesion and high corrosion resistance of the coating of the magnet, and simultaneously reduces one-step process flow and resource waste.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the magnet coated by the tin-copper-nickel coating structure provided by the invention has the thermal demagnetization rate which is only about 10% of that of the traditional nickel coating magnet, and the thermal demagnetization rate under the open circuit of the magnet can reach less than 5% (under the open circuit state of the traditional nickel coating magnet, the thermal demagnetization rate is usually 15-50%); in addition, the coating structure of the tin-copper-nickel provided by the invention is simpler than the coating structure of the matrix + zinc-nickel alloy + copper + nickel in the prior art, one-step flow is reduced, and the waste of resources is reduced. The magnetic property, the mechanical property and the corrosion resistance of the two are equivalent.
Those skilled in the art should also realize that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and that they may make various changes, substitutions, and alterations herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a cladding material structure of sintered neodymium iron boron magnet which characterized in that includes:
sintering the neodymium iron boron magnet;
a tin-containing layer and surrounding the sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet;
a copper layer surrounding the tin-containing layer; and
a nickel layer surrounding the copper layer,
wherein the tin-containing layer serves as a base layer, the nickel layer serves as a surface layer, and the copper layer is interposed between the tin-containing layer and the nickel layer;
the thickness of the tin-containing layer is 3-5 mu m;
the tin-containing layer is a tin layer or a copper-tin binary alloy layer.
2. The plating structure of sintered nd-fe-b magnet according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the copper layer is between 3-5 μm.
3. The plating structure of sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the nickel layer is between 4 and 8 μm.
4. The plating structure of sintered nd-fe-b magnet of claim 1, wherein the tin-containing layer is in direct contact with the sintered nd-fe-b magnet.
5. The preparation method for preparing the coating structure of the sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preprocessing the sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet;
forming a tin-containing layer on the sintered NdFeB magnet;
forming a copper layer on the tin-containing layer; and
forming a nickel layer on the copper layer,
wherein the tin-containing layer serves as a base layer and the nickel layer serves as a skin layer;
the tin-containing layer is a tin layer or a copper-tin binary alloy layer.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the tin-containing layer is in direct contact with the sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet.
7. The production method according to claim 5, characterized in that the tin-containing layer, the copper layer, and the nickel layer are formed by electroplating.
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| CN112662939B (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2022-03-25 | 太原理工大学 | Ultrathin permanent magnet with surface deposited coating |
| CN113430607A (en) * | 2021-06-26 | 2021-09-24 | 东莞市弘裕表面处理技术有限公司 | Fluoride-free electroplating process for neodymium magnet |
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