CN111268923A - Optical fiber coating resin suitable for UV-LED curing - Google Patents
Optical fiber coating resin suitable for UV-LED curing Download PDFInfo
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- CN111268923A CN111268923A CN202010193574.0A CN202010193574A CN111268923A CN 111268923 A CN111268923 A CN 111268923A CN 202010193574 A CN202010193574 A CN 202010193574A CN 111268923 A CN111268923 A CN 111268923A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
- C03C25/10—Coating
- C03C25/465—Coatings containing composite materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
- C03C25/10—Coating
- C03C25/24—Coatings containing organic materials
- C03C25/26—Macromolecular compounds or prepolymers
- C03C25/32—Macromolecular compounds or prepolymers obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C03C25/36—Epoxy resins
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D163/00—Coating compositions based on epoxy resins; Coating compositions based on derivatives of epoxy resins
- C09D163/10—Epoxy resins modified by unsaturated compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
- C08L2205/035—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend containing four or more polymers in a blend
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- Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass Fibres Or Filaments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of photocuring, in particular to optical fiber coating resin suitable for UV-LED curing. The coating is formed by mixing 70-95 wt% of free radical photocuring coating resin and 5-30 wt% of cationic photocuring coating resin, wherein the free radical photocuring coating resin comprises 20-70 wt% of oligomer, 20-70 wt% of reactive monomer diluent, 1-10 wt% of photoinitiator and 1-10 wt% of auxiliary agent; the cationic photocuring coating resin comprises 40-90 wt% of cationic photocuring oligomer, 9-60 wt% of cationic photocuring monomer and 1-5 wt% of cationic photocuring initiator. The invention can be used for UV-LED light source curing with the wavelength range of 350nm-410nm, and the surface curing degree of the optical fiber can reach more than 85% at the wire drawing speed of more than 2500 m/min; the drawn glass tube has less volatilization and deposition and does not blacken.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of photocuring, in particular to optical fiber coating resin suitable for UV-LED curing.
Background
In recent years, UV-LED (ultraviolet light emitting diode) light source technology has been rapidly developed. Compared with traditional ultraviolet light sources such as mercury lamps, metal halogen lamps, microwave electrodeless lamps and the like, the UV-LED curing light source has the following outstanding advantages: (1) energy is saved, and energy consumption is only 1/4 of the traditional UV curing; (2) the environment-friendly ozone generating agent is environment-friendly, does not contain heavy metal elements such as mercury and the like, and does not generate ozone; (3) the lamp is efficient, can be used immediately after being turned on, does not need to be preheated, and has the service life more than 10 times that of the traditional UV lamp source; (4) the UV-LED is used as a cold light source, outputs single-wavelength ultraviolet light, does not have infrared light which is easy to generate heat, and is more friendly to thermosensitive base materials.
An optical fiber is a core medium for information transmission in an optical communication system, and in order to prevent a bare glass fiber from being affected by various mechanical damages and environmental factors, a protective resin, that is, an optical fiber coating resin (optical fiber coating material) needs to be coated in as short a time as possible when the glass fiber is drawn out from a heat-insulating furnace for molding. Since the invention of the optical fiber in the 60's of the 20 th century, the optical fiber drawing coating has undergone the development process from the heat-curable coating to the ultraviolet-curable coating, and the development process from the single-layer coating to the double-layer coating, and most of the optical fibers adopt the double-layer ultraviolet-curable coating resin at present. Due to the great advantages and cost reduction requirements of UV-LED light sources, various large optical fiber manufacturers have gradually introduced UV-LED curing light sources to replace the traditional mercury lamps and microwave electrodeless lamps for optical fiber drawing.
The UV-LED light source emits single-wavelength ultraviolet light, the half-peak width is about +/-5 nm, and the wavelength range is 350-410 nm. The inventors have found that if the fiber coating used for conventional UV curing is drawn under a UV-LED light source, the following two significant problems occur: firstly, the curing speed cannot meet the requirement, and particularly, the surface curing degree of the outer coating is reduced. In recent years, with the construction of 4G and 5G and the implementation of national broadband strategy, the demand of optical fibers is increasing continuously, and in order to improve the production efficiency, the drawing speed of optical fiber manufacturers is increasing continuously and reaches 2500m/min, even more than 3000m/min at present. If the UV-LED is adopted to cure the traditional UV optical fiber coating, under the same curing dosage, in order to achieve the same surface curing effect, the curing speed can not exceed 2000m/min, and the production efficiency is seriously influenced. And secondly, compared with the traditional UV curing process, the deposition of volatile matters on the UV-LED curing glass tube is more serious. The temperature in the traditional UV curing furnace is very high and can reach more than 500 ℃, so that on one hand, the temperature of the drawn glass tube is increased, the deposition of volatile matters can be reduced, and on the other hand, the high temperature has a certain ablation effect on the deposits on the glass tube, so that the glass tube is cleaner. At present, the fiber drawing is carried out on large rods, one prefabricated rod can be used for drawing 5000-10000 km of optical fiber, and the fiber drawing time is 2-3 days. In the later stage of wire drawing, the UV-LED curing causes severe blackening of the glass tube due to the volatilization problem, the light transmittance is obviously reduced, and the curing degree of the coating is influenced.
Based on the above, there is a need for a UV-LED cured optical fiber coating resin that can ensure that the drawing speed can meet the production requirements of optical fibers, and that can reduce the deposition of volatiles on the glass tube and avoid blackening.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an optical fiber coating resin suitable for UV-LED curing and application thereof.
The invention is realized by the technical scheme of combining free radical photocuring and cationic photocuring. The UV-LED curing optical fiber coating resin is formed by mixing free radical photo-curing coating resin and cationic photo-curing coating resin.
The free radical photocurable coating resin includes an oligomer, a reactive monomer diluent, a photoinitiator, and an adjuvant. Wherein, the content of the oligomer is 20 to 70 weight percent, the content of the reactive monomer diluent is 20 to 70 weight percent, the content of the photoinitiator is 1 to 10 weight percent, and the content of the auxiliary agent is 1 to 10 weight percent. The auxiliary agent comprises a defoaming agent, a leveling agent, an antioxidant and the like.
The oligomer is formed by mixing polyurethane acrylate and epoxy acrylate. Wherein the urethane acrylate is selected from aliphatic urethane acrylate such as CN8000 series, CN9000 series, CN981B88, CN985B88, CN9782, CN971A80, and CN971B80 aromatic urethane acrylate of SARTOMER; 6103,6126, 6130B-80 aliphatic urethane acrylate, 6124, 6121F-80 aromatic urethane acrylate from Changxing company. The epoxy acrylate is selected from CN104 series epoxy acrylate from SARTOMER, 621A epoxy acrylate from Changxing, 6219-100 epoxy methacrylate, and 6105 epoxy acrylate from Jiangsu Sanmu.
The reactive monomer diluent comprises: isobornyl acrylate, trimethylolpropane formal acrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, 1, 6-hexanediol diacrylate, dipropylene glycol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate, and the like.
The photoinitiator in the free radical photocuring coating resin is preferably present in an amount of 2% to 5% by weight. The dosage of the photoinitiator plays a crucial role in curing speed and can also play a certain role in regulating the mechanical properties of the final coating. The photoinitiator is selected from 2,4, 6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenyl phosphorus oxide (TPO), ethyl 2,4, 6-trimethylbenzoylphosphonate (TPO-L), benzoin dimethyl ether (IRGACURE 651), phenyl bis (2,4, 6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide (IRGACURE 819), 2-methyl-1- (4-methylthiophenyl) -2-morpholine-1-acetone (IRGACURE907), 2, 4-Diethylthianthrone (DETX), tetraethylmikrolone (EMK) and the like. Among them, 2,4, 6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenylphosphinophosphorus oxide and phenylbis (2,4, 6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide are preferable。The photoinitiator has high absorption efficiency in the range of 350nm to 410nm and is not easy to volatilize.
The free-radical photo-curable coating resin may include some conventional additives to make appropriate adjustments to the final properties of the coating, including but not limited to anti-tack agents, leveling agents, and antioxidants, among others.
The cationic photo-curable coating resin includes a cationic photo-curable oligomer, a cationic photo-curable monomer, and a cationic photo-curable initiator. Wherein, the content of the oligomer is 40 to 90 weight percent, the content of the monomer is 9 to 60 weight percent, and the content of the photoinitiator is 1 to 5 weight percent.
The cationic photocuring oligomer comprises an epoxy series oligomer and a polyvinyl ether series oligomer, wherein the epoxy series oligomer is mainly epoxy bisphenol A resin, and the polyvinyl ether series oligomer is mainly hydroxy vinyl ether resin. Epoxy 828 and epoxy 128 are preferred. The cured product shows excellent mechanical, chemical, bonding and insulating properties, and has very stable quality, high purity and good hue.
The cationic photo-curing monomer comprises vinyl ethers, epoxy and oxetane. Wherein the vinyl ether cationic light-curing monomer comprises ethylene glycol butyl vinyl ether, ethylene glycol divinyl ether, 1, 4-cyclohexyl dimethanol divinyl ether, 1, 4-butylene divinyl ether and the like; examples of the epoxy-based photocurable monomer include 3, 4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl formate-3 ', 4' -epoxycyclohexylmethyl ester, 3, 4-epoxycyclohexylmethylmethacrylate, bis ((3, 4-epoxycyclohexyl) methyl) adipate, 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene diepoxide, 1, 2-epoxy-4-vinylcyclohexane, etc.; the oxetane cationic photocurable monomer comprises 3-ethyl-3-hydroxymethyl oxetane, 3-ethyl-3-chloromethyl oxetane, 3- [ (cyclohexyloxy) methyl ] -3-ethyl oxetane, and 3, 3' - [ (1-methylethyl) bis (4, 1-phenoxymethyl) ]. 3, 4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylic acid 3 ', 4' -epoxycyclohexylmethyl ester and 3, 4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl methacrylate are preferred.
The cationic photocurable coating resin should also include a photoinitiator in an amount of 1% to 5% by weight, preferably 1% to 3% by weight. The photoinitiator is selected from (5-p-toluenesulfonyloxyimine-5H-thiophene-2-subunit) - (4-methoxyphenyl) -acetonitrile, bis (4-dodecylbenzene) iodonium hexafluoroantimonate, (4-octyloxyphenyl) phenyliodonium hexafluoroantimonate, bis (4-tert-butylbenzyl methyl) iodonium hexafluoroantimonate and the like. Preferably 5-p-toluenesulfonyloxyimine-5H-thiophen-2-ylidene) - (4-methoxyphenyl) -acetonitrile having a strong absorption in the long wavelength region above 365 nm.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the UV-LED curing optical fiber coating resin provided by the invention can be used for UV-LED light source curing with the wavelength range of 350nm-410nm based on the synergistic compounding effect among the components in the proportion, and the surface curing degree of an optical fiber can reach more than 85% at a wire drawing speed of more than 2500m/min, and more preferably reaches more than 90%; the drawn glass tube has less volatilization and deposition, does not blacken and can be continuously drawn to reduce the replacement frequency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of photocuring rate of the present invention
Detailed Description
The invention provides an optical fiber coating resin suitable for UV-LED curing, which is prepared by the following steps:
step 1: first, a free-radical photocurable coating resin is formulated. And sequentially adding the prepolymer, the reactive monomer diluent, the photoinitiator and the auxiliary agent into a reaction kettle, heating to 50-70 ℃, and simultaneously starting stirring with the stirring frequency of 30-70 HZ. The stirring time is more than 2 hours to ensure that the composition is uniformly mixed and the photoinitiator is completely dissolved.
Step 2: and (3) preparing the cationic photocuring coating resin. And sequentially adding the cationic photocuring prepolymer, the monomer and the initiator into the reaction kettle, heating to 50-70 ℃, and simultaneously starting stirring at the stirring frequency of 30-70 HZ. The stirring time is more than 4 hours to ensure that the composition is uniformly mixed and the photoinitiator is completely dissolved.
And step 3: and (3) adding the cationic photocuring coating resin prepared in the step (2) into the free radical photocuring coating resin prepared in the step (1) according to a certain proportion, keeping the temperature at 50-70 ℃, and stirring for 2 hours to uniformly mix the resins to obtain the UV-LED curing optical fiber coating resin.
The UV-LED curing optical fiber coating resin performance test and evaluation method in the following examples is as follows:
the photocuring rate is as follows: UV-DSC (395nm,150 mW/cm) using a calorimeter2Nitrogen atmosphere) was tested on the UV-LED cured optical fiber coating resin.
Photocuring conversion rate C ═ H/H∞)×100％
Photocuring rate R ═ dC/dt ═ dH/dt)/H∞
Wherein H is the enthalpy value corresponding to a certain curing time under a certain experimental condition, H∞The total enthalpy of reaction for the light curing for an indefinite period of time. In the actual test procedure, it was found that there was substantially no or very little evolution of polymerization heat after 10 minutes of sample illumination, and therefore H was present in this test∞The total enthalpy value of the sample was 10 minutes of light.
As shown in FIG. 1, the time corresponding to the maximum photocuring rate is denoted by tmaxAt this point in time, the tangent to the curve of the photocuring conversion has the greatest slope, the point of intersection of which with the abscissa is denoted tinh，tinhCan be considered as the induction time of photocuring. Under the same conditions, the larger C and R are, the larger tmaxAnd tinhSmaller means faster curing speed.
Volatile content: the volatile content of the UV-LED curing optical fiber coating resin is measured by referring to the GB/T33374-2016 volatile content measurement standard, and the smaller the value, the less volatile is, and the pollution to the glass tube is smaller.
Degree of blackening of glass tube: the blackening degree of the glass tube is evaluated through visual observation, and the glass tube is divided into four grades, namely no volatile matter and no blackening; volatile matter drops are formed, and the black ink does not turn black; slightly and severely blackened.
Mechanical properties of the optical fiber: the mechanical properties of the drawn optical fiber are tested by referring to a GB/T15972.31-2008 optical fiber mechanical property measuring method and an experimental program-tensile strength standard, a GB/T15972.32-2008 optical fiber mechanical property measuring method and an experimental program-coating strippability standard, and a GB/T15972.33-2008 optical fiber test method specification part 33, a mechanical property measuring method and an experimental program stress corrosion sensitivity parameter standard.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
It should be noted that, in the following specific examples, the materials referred to are respectively given the abbreviations and descriptions as table one.
Watch 1
Free radical photocuring coating resins
The formulations of the free radical photocuring coating resins A, B, C, D and E are shown in Table two.
Watch two
The formulations of the free radical photocuring coating resins F, G are shown in table three.
Watch III
Cationic photo-curable coating resin
The cationic photocurable coating resin X, Y, Z formulations are shown in Table four.
Watch four
Examples 1 to 11 and comparative examples
The formulations of examples 1-11 and comparative examples are shown in Table five.
Watch five
To comparatively illustrate the advantageous effects of the present invention, comparative examples were conducted by selecting an outer coating resin used in conventional UV curing under a UV-LED light source for comparative tests and drawing. Using a calorimeter UV-DSC at 395nm wavelength, 150mW/cm2Testing and comparing the curing speed of the sample under the power and nitrogen atmosphere; at 395nm wavelength, 350mJ/cm2Dose, volatilizing the sample under nitrogen atmosphereAnd (4) testing the hair materials. The test results are shown in Table six.
Watch six
In order to compare the blackening condition of the curing tube in the actual drawing process of the above examples and the mechanical properties of the drawn optical fiber, a commercially mature inner coating resin currently on the market was selected, and the outer coating resin corresponding to each example was combined for drawing at a drawing speed of 2500 m/min. And when the amount of the drawn optical fiber reaches 5000km, observing the blackening condition of the curing tube, and simultaneously testing the breaking force, the dynamic fatigue parameters and the stripping force of the optical fiber. The test results are shown in Table seven.
Watch seven
Compared with the optical fiber coating resin used in the traditional UV curing, the UV-LED curing optical fiber coating resin provided by the embodiment of the invention can be used for continuous wire drawing production under a UV-LED light source with the wavelength of 350-410 nm, the wire drawing speed can reach more than 2500m/min, and the mechanical property of the drawn optical fiber meets the product standard requirement. The optical fiber coating resin provided by the invention effectively solves the problems of insufficient curing degree, volatilization and deposition and the like under the high-speed drawing of the UV-LED, and is convenient for popularization and application of the UV-LED curing technology in the field of optical fiber drawing.
Claims (10)
1. An optical fiber coating resin suitable for UV-LED curing is formed by mixing 70-95 wt% of free radical photo-curing coating resin and 5-30 wt% of cationic photo-curing coating resin, wherein the free radical photo-curing coating resin comprises 20-70 wt% of oligomer, 20-70 wt% of reactive monomer diluent, 1-10 wt% of photoinitiator and 1-10 wt% of auxiliary agent; the cationic photocuring coating resin comprises 40-90 wt% of cationic photocuring oligomer, 9-60 wt% of cationic photocuring monomer and 1-5 wt% of cationic photocuring initiator.
2. An optical fiber coating resin suitable for UV-LED curing according to claim 1, wherein: the oligomer in the free radical photo-curable coating resin comprises urethane acrylate, epoxy acrylate or a mixture thereof.
3. An optical fiber coating resin suitable for UV-LED curing according to claim 1, wherein: the reactive monomer diluent in the free radical photocuring coating resin comprises one or more of isobornyl acrylate, trimethylolpropane formal acrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, 1, 6-hexanediol diacrylate, dipropylene glycol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate and tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate.
4. An optical fiber coating resin suitable for UV-LED curing according to claim 1, wherein: the photoinitiator in the free radical photocuring coating resin comprises 2,4, 6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenyl phosphorus oxide, ethyl 2,4, 6-trimethylbenzoylphosphonate, benzoin dimethyl ether, phenyl bis (2,4, 6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide, 2-methyl-1- (4-methylthiophenyl) -2-morpholine-1-one (IRGACURE907), 2, 4-diethylthioxanthone or tetraethyl mikrolon.
5. An optical fiber coating resin suitable for UV-LED curing according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: the photoinitiator in the free radical photocuring coating resin is 2,4, 6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenyl phosphorus oxide or phenyl bis (2,4, 6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide, and the dosage of the photoinitiator is 2-5 wt% of the free radical photocuring coating resin.
6. An optical fiber coating resin suitable for UV-LED curing according to claim 1, wherein: the cationic photocuring coating resin comprises 40-90 wt% of cationic photocuring oligomer, 9-60 wt% of cationic photocuring monomer and 1-5 wt% of cationic photocuring initiator.
7. An optical fiber coating resin suitable for UV-LED curing according to claim 6, wherein: the cationic light-cured oligomer comprises epoxy series oligomer, polyvinyl ether series oligomer or a mixture thereof.
8. An optical fiber coating resin suitable for UV-LED curing according to claim 6 or 7, wherein: the cationic light-cured oligomer is epoxy 828, epoxy 128 or a mixture thereof.
9. An optical fiber coating resin suitable for UV-LED curing according to claim 1, wherein: the cationic light-cured monomer is ethylene glycol butyl vinyl ether, ethylene glycol divinyl ether, 1, 4-cyclohexyl dimethanol divinyl ether, 1, 4-butylene divinyl ether and the like; examples of the epoxy-based photocurable monomer include 3, 4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl formate-3 ', 4' -epoxycyclohexylmethyl ester, 3, 4-epoxycyclohexylmethylmethacrylate, bis ((3, 4-epoxycyclohexyl) methyl) adipate, 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene diepoxide, 1, 2-epoxy-4-vinylcyclohexane, etc.; the oxetane cationic photocurable monomer comprises 3-ethyl-3-hydroxymethyl oxetane, 3-ethyl-3-chloromethyl oxetane, 3- [ (cyclohexyloxy) methyl ] -3-ethyl oxetane, and 3, 3' - [ (1-methylethyl) bis (4, 1-phenoxymethyl) ].
10. An optical fiber coating resin suitable for UV-LED curing according to claim 6, wherein: the cationic photocuring initiator is (5-p-toluenesulfonyloxyimine-5H-thiophene-2-ylidene) - (4-methoxyphenyl) -acetonitrile, bis (4-dodecylbenzene) iodonium hexafluoroantimonate, (4-octyloxyphenyl) phenyliodonium hexafluoroantimonate or bis (4-tert-butyl benzyl) iodonium hexafluoroantimonate.
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| CN117209168A (en) * | 2023-05-12 | 2023-12-12 | 上海飞凯材料科技股份有限公司 | Optical fiber coating composition, optical fiber and preparation method thereof |
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| CN117209168A (en) * | 2023-05-12 | 2023-12-12 | 上海飞凯材料科技股份有限公司 | Optical fiber coating composition, optical fiber and preparation method thereof |
| CN117209168B (en) * | 2023-05-12 | 2024-03-15 | 上海飞凯材料科技股份有限公司 | Optical fiber coating composition, optical fiber and preparation method thereof |
| CN117316559A (en) * | 2023-12-01 | 2023-12-29 | 清华大学深圳国际研究生院 | Optical fiber insulator and preparation method thereof |
| CN117316559B (en) * | 2023-12-01 | 2024-03-19 | 清华大学深圳国际研究生院 | Optical fiber insulator and preparation method thereof |
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