CN111266564A - Device for limiting generation of steel ladle vortex and application thereof - Google Patents

Device for limiting generation of steel ladle vortex and application thereof Download PDF

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CN111266564A
CN111266564A CN202010169585.5A CN202010169585A CN111266564A CN 111266564 A CN111266564 A CN 111266564A CN 202010169585 A CN202010169585 A CN 202010169585A CN 111266564 A CN111266564 A CN 111266564A
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vortex
ladle
steel
resisting device
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CN111266564B (en
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周小宾
彭世恒
刘勇
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Anhui University of Technology AHUT
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    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles

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Abstract

The invention discloses a device for limiting generation of a ladle vortex and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of steel ladle tapping of metallurgical reactors. In view of the problems that the slag entrapment phenomenon is caused by the vortex generated in a metallurgical device at the last stage of ladle pouring in the steel making process, and the residual molten steel in a ladle is wasted by forcibly closing a water gap when the slag entrapment occurs in the prior art, the vortex blocking device provided by the invention is arranged above the water gap with the steel tapping phenomenon in the ladle according to the principles of Coriolis force and hydromechanics, so that the formation of a vortex flow field is limited, and the generation of vortex is inhibited. Meanwhile, the moving direction of the fluid near the outlet is changed, the height of the molten steel generated by vortex is greatly reduced, the time for starting vortex is delayed, the height of the vortex and the penetration height are reduced by 90-100%, the yield of the molten steel is increased, the slag is prevented from being discharged, the tapping quality is improved, and the production cost is reduced.

Description

Device for limiting generation of steel ladle vortex and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of steel ladle tapping of metallurgical reactors, in particular to a device for limiting generation of ladle vortex and application thereof.
Background
With the development of society and science and technology, the requirements on the quality of steel products are higher and higher. In order to obtain high-quality steel, the inclusion in the steel needs to be controlled, and the content of impurity elements in the steel needs to be reduced. Therefore, the quality of molten steel needs to be strictly controlled in each metallurgical link. In the modern steelmaking process, when molten steel is transferred from one metallurgical reactor to another metallurgical reactor, the generated vortex slag entrapment phenomenon is a problem which is difficult to completely solve for a long time, so that inclusions in the steel are difficult to remove, and the quality of the molten steel is seriously influenced. In the final pouring stage of the molten steel from the steel ladle to the tundish, the steel slag is involved in the molten steel, so that on one hand, steel is left in the steel ladle, and the yield is reduced; on the other hand, the steel slag can enter a long nozzle and a downstream metallurgical reactor, which seriously affects the molten steel of the downstream metallurgical reactor, not only increases the production cost, but also brings complicated work to the cleaning on site.
In order to avoid that a large amount of steel slag enters a downstream metallurgical reactor, manual visual inspection or installation of a slag discharge monitoring device is usually adopted on site, and when the steel slag is about to enter a long water gap, the water gap is forcibly closed. At this time, the molten steel remaining in the ladle cannot be used, thereby generating waste. At the later stage of ladle pouring, Coriolis force is caused by earth rotation, vortex is formed, slag entrapment is caused, namely, when the molten steel is not completely poured, the slag entrapment phenomenon occurs, at the moment, a water gap is forcibly closed, and the molten steel is inevitably remained in the ladle and cannot be utilized. In conclusion, the prior art can not completely inhibit the generation of vortexes, and residual steel still exists after the steel is discharged from a metallurgical device, so that the metal yield is reduced. Therefore, a device which is simple in structure and easy to realize is needed to be designed for effectively inhibiting the generation of vortexes in the metallurgical device at the later tapping stage.
Through retrieval, the Chinese patent application number: ZL200910187709.6, invention name: the patent refers to the field of 'non-positive-displacement machines or engines'. On the 9 th and 29 th of 2009, the application provides a device for hindering the generation and development of fluid vortex, which is characterized in that one or more platforms made of erosion-resistant refractory materials are arranged near a water gap at the bottom of a ladle or a tundish, the cross section of each platform can be rectangular or other polygons, and the generation of vortex can be inhibited; however, the vortex-preventing device disclosed in the application cannot completely inhibit the generation of the vortex, so that the height of the vortex cannot be reduced well, and the slag entrapment phenomenon can be generated continuously.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved by the invention
The invention provides a device for limiting the generation of ladle vortex, which aims to solve the problems that in the existing steel-making process, vortex is generated in a metallurgical device at the last stage of ladle pouring so as to cause slag entrapment, and in the prior art, when slag entrapment occurs, a water gap is forcibly closed so as to cause residual molten steel in a ladle and waste.
2. Technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a device for limiting the generation of a ladle vortex, which is an elliptical hemispherical device, wherein a plurality of openings are formed along the circumferential direction of the device, and molten steel enters a steel outlet at the bottom of a metallurgical vessel through the openings; the vortex-resisting device is arranged above the steel tapping hole and is fixedly connected with the bottom of the ladle.
Furthermore, the material of the swirl resisting device is refractory material, the number of the openings of the swirl resisting device is even, and the swirl resisting device is symmetrically distributed along the circumferential direction of the swirl resisting device.
Furthermore, the inner width of the vortex retarding device is larger than the diameter of the steel tapping hole, and the diameter of the side opening of the vortex retarding device is larger than or equal to the diameter of the steel tapping hole.
Furthermore, the inner circle radius R of the vortex blocking device0Calculated from equation (2):
Figure BDA0002408712540000021
wherein R is0To retard the internal radius of the swirl device, /)0For the clear length of the inner circle, f0Is an inner circleRise of the vector.
Further, the axial circle radius R of the vortex retarding device is calculated according to the formula (5):
Figure BDA0002408712540000022
wherein m is0Is the distance between the center of the axis circle and the center of the inner circle, d0The thickness of the vault concrete is adopted; the distance m between the centers of the axis circle and the inner circle0Calculated according to equation (4):
Figure BDA0002408712540000023
wherein Δ is the arch springing thickness djThickness d of concrete of vault0The difference between the difference of the two phases,
Δ＝dj-d0(3)。
furthermore, the geometric dimension of the outer circle of the vortex blocking device is calculated according to the formulas (9), (10) and (11);
outer circle span:
l1＝l0+2dh(9)
the height of the outer circle:
f1＝f0+d0-dv(10)
the excircle radius is as follows:
Figure BDA0002408712540000024
wherein l1The clear span width of the excircle arc; l0The inner circle has a clear span width; dhIs an axis arc auxiliary parameter 1; f. of0Is the inner circle rise; f. of1Is the outer vector height; dvIs an axis arc auxiliary parameter 2; d0The thickness of the vault concrete is adopted; r1Is the radius of the outer circle; dhAnd dvCalculated according to the formulas (6), (7) and (8);
Figure BDA0002408712540000031
Figure BDA0002408712540000032
Figure BDA0002408712540000033
in the formula
Figure BDA0002408712540000034
Is an auxiliary angle of an axial line arc.
Furthermore, the clear span length l of the inner circle of the vortex resisting device0The relation with the diameter D of the steel-tapping hole is specifically designed to be that D is less than or equal to l0Less than or equal to 1.5D; the thickness d of the vault concrete0And arch foot thickness djThe specific control range is D is more than or equal to 0.25D0≤2D、0.25D≤dj2D or less; the inner circle rise f0Height h of vortex-resisting device0The specific control range of f is more than or equal to 0.25D0≤0.75D；0≤h0≤0.5D。
The vortex-resisting device is connected with the bottom of the steel ladle, and the molten steel enters the steel outlet at the bottom of the steel ladle through the vortex-resisting device, so that the purposes of reducing vortex whirl and penetration height of the molten steel are achieved.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following remarkable effects:
(1) in view of the problems that the slag entrapment phenomenon is caused by the vortex generated in a metallurgical device at the last stage of ladle pouring in the steel making process, and the residual molten steel in a ladle is wasted by forcibly closing a water gap when the slag entrapment occurs in the prior art, the device for limiting the vortex generation of the ladle is provided with the vortex blocking device at the steel outlet of the metallurgical device, establishes an area for blocking the formation of a flow field, blocks the energy for forming and developing the vortex from the aspect of fluid dynamics, changes the movement direction of fluid near the outlet, greatly reduces the height of the molten steel generated by the vortex, delays the time for starting the vortex, reduces 90-100% of the starting height and the penetrating height, increases the yield of the molten steel, prevents slag falling, improves the steel tapping quality and reduces the production cost.
(2) The swirl-resisting device has even number of openings around, and disperses the flow fields formed near the steel ladle steel-tapping hole into mirror symmetry, so that the flow fields at two sides of the fluid are mutually influenced and restricted, thereby inhibiting the generation of swirl; the vortex-resisting device is designed to be elliptical and hemispherical, and accords with the structural mechanics design, so that the vortex-resisting device can bear the pressure of molten steel.
(3) The vortex-resisting device is assembled at the bottom of the steel ladle, and can better bear the pressure of molten steel; the structure of the vortex-resisting device is specifically designed according to the structural mechanics, so that the structural strength of the vortex-resisting device is ensured, the use of materials is reduced, and the cost is saved; meanwhile, the vortex-resisting device disclosed by the invention is made of refractory materials, so that the vortex-resisting device can be ensured not to change properties at high temperature, and can work for a long time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the direction of nozzle swirl in a ladle reactor in the northern hemisphere;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the direction of nozzle swirl with the ladle reactor in the southern hemisphere;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a vortex-resisting device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the vortex breaker of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic drawing of tapping in a metallurgical reactor;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the installation of the vortex-resisting device of the invention in a metallurgical reactor.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
According to the principle of Coriolis force and hydromechanics, the vortex-resisting device made of refractory materials is arranged above the water gap of the steel ladle with the steel tapping phenomenon, so that the formation of a vortex flow field is limited, and the generation of vortex is restrained. The inner width of the vortex-resisting device is larger than the diameter of the steel-tapping hole, and the vortex-resisting device is arranged above the steel-tapping hole. The bottom end of the vortex-resisting device is connected with the bottom of the steel ladle to form a whole, and the molten steel enters a steel tapping hole at the bottom of the metallurgical vessel through the vortex-resisting device.
The following is a detailed description with reference to the embodiments:
example 1
Referring to fig. 3, the vortex-resisting device of the present embodiment is an elliptical hemispherical device, and an even number of openings are formed along the circumferential direction of the device, and the openings are symmetrically distributed along the circumferential direction of the vortex-resisting device. In this embodiment, the number of the openings of the vortex blocking device is four. The even number of the symmetrically distributed openings disperse the flow fields formed near the steel ladle steel tapping hole into mirror symmetry, so that the flow fields on two sides of the fluid are mutually influenced and restricted, and the generation of vortexes is inhibited. The elliptical hemispherical vortex-resisting device conforms to the structural mechanics design, so that the vortex-resisting device can bear the pressure of molten steel. Molten steel enters a steel tapping hole at the bottom of the metallurgical vessel through the opening. The vortex-resisting device is arranged above the steel tapping hole and is fixedly connected with the bottom of the steel ladle, so that the vortex-resisting device can better bear the pressure of molten steel. The inner width of the vortex blocking device is larger than the diameter of the steel tapping hole, and the diameter of the side opening is larger than or equal to the diameter of the steel tapping hole.
It is worth mentioning that, this embodiment specifically limits the size of hindering the whirlpool device, carries out the concrete design to hindering the structure of whirlpool device according to structural mechanics, when guaranteeing to hinder whirlpool device structural strength, has reduced the use of material, has practiced thrift the cost. Meanwhile, the refractory material is used, so that the vortex-resisting device can stably work for a long time in a high-temperature state.
With reference to FIG. 4, the diameter of the steel tapping hole of the ladle is D, and the inner circle clear span is l0The vector height of the inner circle is f0The thickness of the vault concrete is d0The thickness of the arch foot is dj，h0Is the height in the vortex-resisting device. The clear span length l of the inner circle0Larger than the diameter of the steel-tapping hole, and spans over the steel-tapping hole, otherwise, the steel-tapping of molten steel in the steel ladle is hindered, so that the refractory material is seriously scoured in the steel-tapping process of the steel ladle, the clear span length can be properly increased along with the requirement of the steel-tapping amount, and the specific value of D is more than or equal to l in the embodiment0Less than or equal to 1.5D. Defining the thickness d of the vault concrete according to the compression strength and the tensile strength of the refractory material0And arch foot thickness djControl within a safety factor range, the implementationIn the case that D is more than or equal to 0.25D0≤2D、0.25D≤djLess than or equal to 2D. The inner circle rise f0Height h of vortex-resisting device0Is a scale factor for regulating the size of the steel output, and is specifically f is more than or equal to 0.25D in the embodiment0≤0.75D、0≤h0≤0.5D。
Clear span length l of the inner circle0Vector height f of inner circle0And height h in the vortex-resisting device0The three are factors for adjusting the steel tapping quantity. Wherein the inner height h of the vortex-resisting device0In order to control the leading factor of the steel tapping amount, the steel tapping amount can be properly changed according to the longitude and latitude of the position where the earth is located and the steel tapping amount requirement of the steel ladle of the corresponding steel mill in unit time. Such as: the closer to the equator, the greater the Coriolis force influence, and the appropriate reduction of the internal height h of the vortex device0。
The specific parameter calculation formula of the vortex blocking device of the embodiment is as follows:
inner circle radius R0Calculating according to equation (2):
Figure BDA0002408712540000051
Figure BDA0002408712540000052
wherein R is0To retard the internal radius of the swirl device, /)0For the clear length of the inner circle, f0Is the inner circle vector height.
Delta is the arch springing thickness djThickness d of concrete of vault0The difference between the difference of the two phases,
Δ＝dj-d0(3)
the excircle radius R is obtained by the aid of a concept of leading out an axis circle. The distance m between the central axis circle and the inner circle0Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002408712540000053
the axial circle radius R of the vortex blocking device is calculated according to the formula (5):
Figure BDA0002408712540000054
meanwhile, d is calculated according to the formulas (6), (7) and (8)h(axial arc auxiliary parameters 1) and dv(axis arc auxiliary parameter 2):
Figure BDA0002408712540000055
Figure BDA0002408712540000056
Figure BDA0002408712540000057
in the formula
Figure BDA0002408712540000058
Is an auxiliary angle of an axial line arc.
The geometric dimension of the excircle of the vortex-resisting device in the embodiment is calculated according to the formulas (9), (10) and (11);
outer circle span:
l1＝l0+2dh(9)
the height of the outer circle:
f1＝f0+d0-dv(10)
the excircle radius is as follows:
Figure BDA0002408712540000061
wherein l1The clear span width of the excircle arc; l0The inner circle has a clear span width; dhIs an axis arc auxiliary parameter 1; f. of0Is the inner circle rise; f. of1Is the outer vector height; dvIs an axis arc auxiliary parameter 2; d0The thickness of the vault concrete is adopted; r1Is the outer radius.
Because the earth rotates to generate centrifugal force, the Coriolis force is different in magnitude and direction according to different geographic positions, the vortex strength and direction generated by the fluid are also different, the strength and direction are shown as that the northern hemisphere is in the anticlockwise direction, the southern hemisphere vortex is in the clockwise direction (see the figure 1 and the figure 2), and the Coriolis force applied to the area closer to the equator is larger. The intensity of the Coriolis force is different according to different geographic positions, and the size of the vortex blocking device can be adjusted according to the requirement. When the northern hemisphere is arranged, the rotating direction of molten steel in the metallurgical reactor is shown in figure 5, and the vortex preventing device is built above the water gap and is fixedly connected with the bottom of the ladle as shown in figure 6. The flow trend of fluid near the water gap is in an anticlockwise trend, the vortex-resisting device can generate a blocking effect on the trend of the fluid, the formation of vortex is completely inhibited, the spinning and penetrating height is reduced by 90-100%, and the residual steel amount is reduced by more than 40% compared with that of the vortex-resisting device.
Example 2
The vortex-resisting device of the embodiment establishes a 1:1 physical model in a laboratory physical simulation experiment, a vortex-resisting device test is installed at the bottom of a ladle, the vortex-resisting device is realized by 3D printing, the vortex critical height at the last stage of steel ladle tapping is controlled, and therefore the purposes of reducing the vortex start-up and penetration height of molten steel are achieved, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) and (3) designing specific parameters of a vortex resisting device: the diameter D of the water gap is 70mm, and the inner circle clear span l0Is 70 mm; rise f of inner circle0Is 35 mm; thickness d of concrete of vault030mm, arch foot thickness djIs 60 mm. Inner circle radius R035mm, and the difference between the thickness of the arch springing section and the thickness of the arch crown section is 30 mm; the outer circle clear span is 173.3846 mm; the height of the outer circle is 34.5385 mm; radius of the outer circle R1125.0690mm, the vortex-resisting device is arranged above the steel tapping hole of the ladle.
(2) And (3) replacing molten steel with water, adding the water to the height of the liquid level of the specified molten steel, standing for 4min, opening a water gap, recording the swirling height and the penetration height of the steel ladle by using a high-speed camera, and repeating the experiment for multiple times.
(3) The experimental result is good, the swirling height is reduced by 90 percent compared with that of the device without resistance, and the penetration height is reduced by 95 percent.
Example 3
The vortex blocking device of the embodiment is installed at the bottom of a steel ladle of Shanghai Meishan steel-making, controls the vortex critical height at the last stage of steel ladle tapping, realizes the purposes of reducing the vortex start-up and penetration height of molten steel, and comprises the following concrete steps:
(1) and (3) designing specific parameters of a vortex resisting device: the diameter D of the water gap is 70mm, and the inner circle clear span l0Is 70 mm; rise f of inner circle0Is 35 mm; thickness d of concrete of vault030mm, arch foot thickness djIs 60 mm. Inner circle radius R035mm, and the difference between the thickness of the arch springing section and the thickness of the arch crown section is 30 mm; the outer circle clear span is 173.3846 mm; the height of the outer circle is 34.5385 mm; the outer circle radius R1 is 125.0690 mm.
(2) The test result shows that the steel ladle residual steel is obviously reduced. The average value of the residual steel amount of the steel poured by the steel ladles of the steel plant in 2019 and 4 months in 2018 is reduced by 735.02 tons, and the average residual steel amount is reduced by 1.6 tons per heat of the test steel ladles. Compared with the average steel surplus of the ladle in 2018 of 3.36 tons/heat, the steel surplus of the test heat is reduced by 47.6%, and the benefit is obvious.
The present invention and its embodiments have been described above schematically, without limitation, and what is shown in the drawings is only one of the embodiments of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if the person skilled in the art receives the teaching, without departing from the spirit of the invention, the person skilled in the art shall not inventively design the similar structural modes and embodiments to the technical solution, but shall fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. An apparatus for limiting ladle vortex generation, characterized by: the vortex resisting device is an elliptic hemispherical device, a plurality of openings are arranged along the circumferential direction of the device, and molten steel enters a steel tapping hole at the bottom of the metallurgical vessel through the openings; the vortex-resisting device is arranged above the steel tapping hole and is fixedly connected with the bottom of the ladle.
2. An apparatus for limiting ladle vortex generation as defined in claim 1 wherein: the material of the vortex-resisting device is refractory material, the number of the openings of the vortex-resisting device is even, and the vortex-resisting device is symmetrically distributed along the circumferential direction of the vortex-resisting device.
3. An apparatus for limiting ladle vortex generation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the inner width of the vortex resisting device is larger than the diameter of the steel tapping hole, and the diameter of the side opening of the vortex resisting device is larger than or equal to the diameter of the steel tapping hole.
4. An apparatus for limiting ladle vortex generation as defined in claim 3 wherein: the inner circle radius R of the vortex blocking device0Calculated from equation (2):
Figure FDA0002408712530000011
wherein R is0To retard the internal radius of the swirl device, /)0For the clear length of the inner circle, f0Is the inner circle vector height.
5. An apparatus for limiting ladle vortex generation as defined in claim 4 wherein: the axial circle radius R of the vortex blocking device is calculated according to the formula (5):
Figure FDA0002408712530000012
wherein m is0Is the distance between the center of the axis circle and the center of the inner circle, d0The thickness of the vault concrete is adopted; the distance m between the centers of the axis circle and the inner circle0Calculated according to equation (4):
Figure FDA0002408712530000013
wherein Δ is the arch springing thickness djThickness d of concrete of vault0The difference between the difference of the two phases,
Δ＝dj-d0(3)。
6. an apparatus for limiting ladle vortex generation as defined in claim 5 wherein: the excircle geometric dimension of the vortex-resisting device is calculated according to the formulas (9), (10) and (11);
outer circle span:
l1＝l0+2dh(9)
the height of the outer circle:
f1＝f0+d0-dv(10)
the excircle radius is as follows:
Figure FDA0002408712530000021
wherein l1The clear span width of the excircle arc; l0The inner circle has a clear span width; dhIs an axis arc auxiliary parameter 1; f. of0Is the inner circle rise; f. of1Is the outer vector height; dvIs an axis arc auxiliary parameter 2; d0The thickness of the vault concrete is adopted; r1Is the radius of the outer circle; dhAnd dvCalculated according to the formulas (6), (7) and (8);
Figure FDA0002408712530000022
Figure FDA0002408712530000023
Figure FDA0002408712530000024
in the formula
Figure FDA0002408712530000025
Is an auxiliary angle of an axial line arc.
7. An apparatus for limiting ladle vortex generation as defined in claim 6 wherein: the inner part of the vortex-resisting deviceLength of circular clear span l0The relation with the diameter D of the steel-tapping hole is specifically designed to be that D is less than or equal to l0Less than or equal to 1.5D; the thickness d of the vault concrete0And arch foot thickness djThe specific control range is D is more than or equal to 0.25D0≤2D、0.25D≤dj2D or less; the inner circle rise f0Height h of vortex-resisting device0The specific control range of f is more than or equal to 0.25D0≤0.75D；0≤h0≤0.5D。
8. Use of a device for restricting the generation of ladle vortices, characterized in that: the vortex-resisting device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 is connected with the bottom of the ladle, and molten steel enters a steel outlet at the bottom of the ladle through the vortex-resisting device, so that the purposes of reducing vortex swirling and penetration height of the molten steel are achieved.
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CN113042721A (en) * 2021-03-15 2021-06-29 武汉钢铁有限公司 Dam-shaped vortex-resisting device for bottom of ladle
CN114951562A (en) * 2022-06-23 2022-08-30 安徽工业大学 Device and method for inhibiting confluent vortex through rotation

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CN209110170U (en) * 2018-12-03 2019-07-16 常州信息职业技术学院 A kind of ladle

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CN112207268A (en) * 2020-10-21 2021-01-12 武汉钢铁有限公司 Circular vortex-resisting device for bottom of steel ladle
CN113042721A (en) * 2021-03-15 2021-06-29 武汉钢铁有限公司 Dam-shaped vortex-resisting device for bottom of ladle
CN113042721B (en) * 2021-03-15 2022-03-25 武汉钢铁有限公司 Dam-shaped vortex-resisting device for bottom of ladle
CN114951562A (en) * 2022-06-23 2022-08-30 安徽工业大学 Device and method for inhibiting confluent vortex through rotation
CN114951562B (en) * 2022-06-23 2023-10-24 安徽工业大学 Device and method for restraining confluence vortex through rotation

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