CN111266504A - Forging method for reducing bending degree of slender steel - Google Patents
Forging method for reducing bending degree of slender steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN111266504A CN111266504A CN202010091438.0A CN202010091438A CN111266504A CN 111266504 A CN111266504 A CN 111266504A CN 202010091438 A CN202010091438 A CN 202010091438A CN 111266504 A CN111266504 A CN 111266504A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/08—Accessories for handling work or tools
- B21J13/10—Manipulators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/06—Hammers tups; Anvils; Anvil blocks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K27/00—Handling devices, e.g. for feeding, aligning, discharging, Cutting-off means; Arrangement thereof
Abstract
The invention relates to a forging method for reducing the bending degree of slender steel, and belongs to the technical field of steel forging. The invention provides a forging method for reducing the bending degree of a slender steel material, aiming at solving the problem that a finish forging machine is easy to bend when forging the slender steel material. According to the invention, the structure stress and the deformation stress generated in forging are released by using no-load pass, so that the stress is prevented from being concentrated to generate bending; and the bending caused by the impact generated between the material and the edge of the hammer head in the propelling process is reduced by adopting the drawing and striking in the last two forging passes, the straightness of the fine forging machine for forging the slender bar or the square steel is effectively controlled, and the product percent of pass is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel forging, and particularly relates to a forging method for reducing the bending degree of slender steel.
Background
And in the process of forging the slender steel by the precision forging machine, forging the slender steel to a required steel finished product by different deformation of each pass according to the forging mode of the precision forging machine. The specific process of forging the slender steel by the existing precision forging machine comprises the following steps: a clamping jaw and a B clamping jaw for clamping materials are respectively arranged at two ends of the precision forging machine, in the forging process, the materials carried by the A clamping jaw walk to one side of the B clamping jaw, the hammer head is combined to a corresponding forging size in the walking process, the B clamping jaw can clamp the stable materials after the materials carried by the A clamping jaw advance to a certain distance, the A, B clamping jaw simultaneously carries the materials to walk to one side of the B clamping jaw until the materials are not clamped by the A clamping jaw and then loosened, and the B clamping jaw continues to carry the materials to walk to one side of the B clamping jaw until the materials are forged and beaten, namely, one pass. In the same way, in the second pass, the material carried by the clamping jaw B travels to one side of the clamping jaw A, and meanwhile, the hammer head is combined to the second forging size needing to be deformed, and the hammer head is repeatedly forged by A → B, B → A and finally forged to a finished product.
However, in this case, with particularly low tolerances, the thinner and longer material will have a greater outward swing during rotation. The larger the moment applied to the elongated material during the actual clamping process, the greater the tendency of the material to tilt downward. The combined effect of the tendency to tilt, the angle of inclination of the hammer head, the frictional forces and the vibration of the hammer head causes the material to bend upwards or downwards. When long and thin bars or square steel are forged, bending which is obvious to the naked eye always appears at the position of about 1500mm of the end head, the bending degree of the end head is more than 15mm/m in a red hot state, the straightness of the long and thin steel is seriously influenced, the qualification rate of finished products is influenced, and serious material waste is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a forging method for reducing the bending degree of a slender steel material, aiming at solving the problem that a finish forging machine is easy to bend when forging the slender steel material.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a forging method for reducing the bending degree of a slender steel material is characterized in that a deformation mode that forging passes and no-load passes are alternated is adopted in the slender steel material forging process of a finish forging machine, the initial forging pass is forged to the other end from one end of the material by adopting a conventional forging method, the last two forging passes are forged to one end of the material from the middle position which is at a certain distance from the end of the material, then the material returns to the middle position in an idle load mode, and the material is forged to the other end of the material from the middle position.
Further, in the process of forging the slender steel by the precision forging machine, the clamping jaws A and B which are respectively positioned at two sides of the hammerhead a and B of the precision forging machine carry materials to reciprocate, and the two ends of the materials corresponding to the two sides of the hammerhead a and B are respectively an end a and an end B; in the last two forging passes, clamping the end of a material a by a clamping jaw A, carrying the material to move towards the side of a hammer head b in an idle load manner, aligning the hammer head of the precision forging machine to the middle position at a certain distance away from the end of the material b, combining the hammer head to start forging, carrying the material by the clamping jaw A to move towards the side of the hammer head a in the forging process, and forging the material to the end b from the middle position of the material; after the forging is finished, the hammer head is opened, the clamping jaw A carries the material to return to the middle position in an idle load mode, the clamping jaw B clamps the end B of the material, the clamping jaw A is loosened, the hammer head is combined to start forging, the clamping jaw B carries the material to move towards the side B of the hammer head in the forging process, and the forging is finished when the material is forged to the end a from the middle position of the material.
Furthermore, the distance between the middle position and the end B of the material is larger than the minimum distance from the hammerhead of the precision forging machine to the clamping jaw B, so that the clamping jaw B can clamp the section B of the material and carry the material to move towards the side B of the hammerhead after the material returns to the middle position in an idle-load manner.
Further, the precision forging machine is a 16MN horizontal precision forging machine, programming software for automatic control is BarForge, and the model number of the round hammer head is R120, R150, R200 or R290.
Further, before the finish forging machine forges, the steel billet is heated to 1200-1240 ℃, is taken out of the furnace after heat preservation is carried out for 6-8 hours, and then forging is started.
Furthermore, the forging ratio of the first forging pass and the last forging pass is less than 1.4; the forging ratio of the rest forging passes is 1.40-1.65.
Further, the feeding speed of the forging pass is 2.4-5.8 m/min, and the discharging speed is 3-7 m/min; the feeding speed and the discharging speed of the no-load pass are both 15-20 m/min.
Furthermore, in the forging passes, the hammer head forging frequency of the last forging pass is 240 times/min, and the hammer head forging frequencies of the rest forging passes are 180 times/min.
Furthermore, the bending degree of the end of the slender steel material in a red hot state after forging and forming is less than 4 mm/m.
Further, the finish forging temperature is not less than 850 ℃, the forged blank forging material utilizes forging waste heat to replace normalizing, the forging piece is air-cooled to 600-650 ℃, and the forging piece is placed into an annealing furnace for annealing.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the forging method for reducing the bending degree of the slender steel, provided by the invention, the structure stress and the deformation stress generated in the forging process are released by using the no-load pass in the precision forging process of the precision forging machine, the bending caused by stress concentration is prevented, meanwhile, the deformation modes of the last two forging passes are controlled by using a precision program, the bending caused by impact generated between materials and the edge of a hammer head in the propelling process is reduced by adopting the pulling and striking, the straightness of the slender bar or the square steel forged by the precision forging machine is effectively controlled, and the product percent of pass is improved.
The forging method provided by the invention can improve the internal quality of the product, reduce the stress relief annealing time, and reduce the times of preheating, straightening and returning in the subsequent production and processing process, thereby obviously improving the production efficiency and saving the manufacturing cost. The invention is easy to realize, is convenient for flexibly organizing production and realizes batch production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic micrograph of the grain size of an elongated steel material prepared in example 2 at 100 times magnification;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic micrograph of the grain size of the elongated steel material prepared in comparative example 2, magnified 100 times;
FIG. 3 is a metallographic micrograph of the grain size of the steel bar prepared in example 3 at 100 times magnification;
FIG. 4 is a metallographic micrograph of the grain size of the elongated steel material prepared in comparative example 3, magnified 100 times;
FIG. 5 is a metallographic micrograph of the grain size of the steel bar prepared in example 4 at 100 times magnification;
FIG. 6 is a metallographic micrograph of the grain size of an elongated steel material prepared in comparative example 4, magnified 100 times.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a forging forming method for reducing the bending degree of a steel material when a finish forging machine forges a slender steel material.
A16 MN horizontal precision forging machine is adopted, programming software for automatic control is BarForge, and the model of a round hammer head is R120 or R150. Forging a round blank: the weight of the blank is controlled to be less than or equal to 8 tons, the length of the blank must be more than 1.5 meters, the initial diameter of the blank must be less than phi 690mm (only aiming at bending), and the length of the finished product must be less than or equal to 20 meters, and the minimum diameter of the finished product is phi 120 mm.
The blank used in this example was H13 die steel, weighing 3.17 tons, and having a specification of
The forged product is H13 die steel with specification of phi 200+2/-012000 mm. The specific preparation process of the product comprises the following steps: blank → heat → fine forge to the finished size.
The specific forging deformation process of the precision forging machine comprises the following steps:
heating a blank:
putting the billet into a gas heating furnace for heating, wherein the heating temperature is 1200-1240 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 6h, so that the temperature of the billet is uniformly and completely burnt; and (4) after being discharged from the furnace, entering a precision forging machine to start forging.
(II) forging by a precision forging machine:
the finish forging machine adopts a deformation mode of alternating forging passes and no-load passes, and the total number of the passes is 11, namely, circle → empty → circle → empty → circle, and the total forging ratio is 7.6.
The 1 st pass is a forging pass, in the process of forging the slender steel by the precision forging machine, the clamping jaws A and B which are respectively positioned at two sides of the hammerhead a and B of the precision forging machine carry materials to reciprocate, and the two ends of the materials corresponding to the two sides of the hammerhead a and B are respectively an a end and a B end.
In the 1 st pass forging process, the end a of the material clamped by the clamping jaw A moves to the side B, after the material is clamped by the clamping jaw B and carried by the clamping jaw A together to move continuously to the side B after moving for a certain distance, the clamping jaw A is loosened after the material is not clamped by the clamping jaw A, the material carried by the clamping jaw B continues to move until the forging is completed, the feeding speed is 5.8m/min during the movement of the material, the discharging speed is 7m/min, and the material can be prevented from being deformed and bent when the discharging speed is higher than the feeding speed.
Forging the material with the hammer head of the precision forging machine at a forging frequency of 180 times/min during the movement of the material; the forging ratio is 1.21, the circular deformation is the main deformation, and the transformation phase is relatively small.
The long-term high-temperature heat preservation causes the crystal grains of the just-discharged blank to be coarse, and if the large-grain austenite is easily torn and the defects such as cracks are generated if the large-forging-ratio deformation is directly carried out in the 1 st pass, the small-forging-ratio deformation is carried out in the 1 st pass, the coarse-grain austenite is crushed, and the cast structure is crushed and the structure is uniform. Meanwhile, surface defects such as holes carried by the blank are preliminarily welded, and the plasticity of the blank is improved.
And the 2 nd pass is an idle pass, namely the hammer head is not combined downwards for forging, the material is not deformed and returns to the hammer head a side at the speed of 20 m/min.
The no-load pass can relieve the structural stress and the processing stress generated in the 1 st pass forging process, reduce the stress generated in the forging process and prevent the stress from being concentrated to generate bending.
The 3 rd pass is a forging pass, the material movement mode is the same as that of the 1 st pass, the feeding speed is 4.7m/min, the discharging speed is 7m/min, the hammer forging frequency is 180 times/min, and the forging ratio is 1.48721.
The 4 th pass is an idle pass, and the material returns to the hammer head a side at the speed of 20 m/min.
The 5 th pass is a forging pass, the material movement mode is the same as that of the 1 st pass, the feeding speed is 4.5m/min, the discharging speed is 7m/min, the hammer forging frequency is 180 times/min, and the forging ratio is 1.54362.
And the 6 th pass is an idle pass, and the material returns to the hammer head a side at the speed of 20 m/min.
The 7 th pass is a forging pass, the material movement mode is the same as that of the 1 st pass, the feeding speed is 4.3m/min, the discharging speed is 7m/min, the hammer forging frequency is 180 times/min, and the forging ratio is 1.61095.
And the 8 th pass is an idle pass, and the material returns to the hammer head a side at the speed of 20 m/min.
The internal structure of the billet is forged and compacted by adopting large pressing amount in each deformation of 3 rd, 5 th and 7 th passes, so that the defects of looseness, shrinkage cavity and the like are overcome, and the internal quality of the product is improved. And (4) 4, 6 and 8, continuously relieving the structure stress and the processing stress generated in the forging in a no-load way.
The 9 th pass is a forging pass, the clamping jaw A clamps the end of the material a and carries the material to move towards the side of the hammer head b in an idle load manner, the hammer head of the precision forging machine is aligned to the middle position 2000mm away from the end of the material b, the hammer head is combined to start forging, the clamping jaw A carries the material to move towards the side of the hammer head a in the forging process, and the material is forged to the end b from the middle position of the material; after the forging is finished, the hammer head is opened, the clamping jaw A carries the material to return to the middle position in an idle load mode, the clamping jaw B clamps the end B of the material, the clamping jaw A is loosened, the hammer head is combined to start forging, the clamping jaw B carries the material to move towards the side B of the hammer head in the forging process, and the forging is finished when the material is forged to the end a from the middle position of the material. The feeding speed during forging is 3.8m/min, the discharging speed is 6m/min, the hammer forging frequency is 180 times/min, and the forging ratio is 1.57763.
The 10 th pass is an idle pass, and the material returns to the hammer head a side at the speed of 20 m/min.
The 11 th pass is a forging pass, the material movement mode is the same as that of the 9 th pass, the feeding speed during forging is 3.8m/min, the discharging speed is 4m/min, the hammer forging frequency is 240 times/min, and the forging ratio is 1.05012. The purpose of adopting small forging ratio deformation and 240 times/min forging frequency in the process is to ensure the surface quality of the steel.
The finish forging temperature of the 11 th pass is controlled to be above 850 ℃, and the bending degree of the end of the slender steel material in a red hot state after forging forming is less than 4 mm/m.
And the forged blank forging material utilizes the forging waste heat to replace normalizing, grains are refined, the forging is air-cooled to 600-650 ℃, and the forging is put into an annealing furnace for annealing, so that the stress is reduced, and the hardness of the forging is reduced.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a forging forming method for reducing the bending degree of a steel material when a finish forging machine forges a slender steel material.
A16 MN horizontal precision forging machine is adopted, programming software for automatic control is BarForge, and the model of a round hammer head is R120 or R150. Forging a round blank: the weight of the blank is controlled to be less than or equal to 8 tons, the length of the blank must be more than 1.5 meters, the initial diameter of the blank must be less than phi 690mm (only aiming at bending), and the length of the finished product must be less than or equal to 20 meters, and the minimum diameter of the finished product is phi 120 mm.
The billet used in this example was 42CrMo alloy steel, having a weight of 1.78 tons and a specification of
The forged product was 42CrMo alloy steel with a specification of phi 150+2/-0 x 12000 mm. The specific preparation process of the product comprises the following steps: blank → heat → fine forge to the finished size.
The specific forging deformation process of the precision forging machine comprises the following steps:
heating a blank:
and (3) putting the blank into a gas heating furnace for heating at 1200-1240 ℃, keeping the temperature for 7h, discharging the blank out of the furnace, and then entering a precision forging machine for forging.
(II) forging by a precision forging machine:
the finish forging machine adopts a deformation mode of alternating forging passes and no-load passes, and the total number of the passes is 7, namely, circle → empty → circle, and the total forging ratio is 3.9.
The 1 st pass is a forging pass, the feeding speed is 4.3m/min during the movement of the material, the discharging speed is 6m/min, and the material is forged by a hammer head of a precision forging machine at the forging frequency of 180 times/min, wherein the forging ratio is 1.38408;
and the 2 nd pass is an idle pass, namely the hammer head is not combined downwards for forging, the material is not deformed and returns to the hammer head a side at the speed of 20 m/min.
The 3 rd pass is a forging pass, the material movement mode is the same as that of the 1 st pass, the feeding speed is 3.7m/min, the discharging speed is 6m/min, the hammer forging frequency is 180 times/min, and the forging ratio is 1.62562.
The 4 th pass is an idle pass, and the material returns to the hammer head a side at the speed of 20 m/min.
The 5 th pass is a forging pass, the clamping jaw A clamps the end of the material a and carries the material to move towards the side of the hammer head b in an idle load manner, the hammer head of the precision forging machine is aligned to the middle position 1800mm away from the end of the material b, the hammer head is combined to start forging, the clamping jaw A carries the material to move towards the side of the hammer head a in the forging process, and the material is forged to the end b from the middle position of the material; after the forging is finished, the hammer head is opened, the clamping jaw A carries the material to return to the middle position in an idle load mode, the clamping jaw B clamps the end B of the material, the clamping jaw A is loosened, the hammer head is combined to start forging, the clamping jaw B carries the material to move towards the side B of the hammer head in the forging process, and the forging is finished when the material is forged to the end a from the middle position of the material. The feeding speed during forging is 3.1m/min, the discharging speed is 5m/min, the hammer forging frequency is 180 times/min, and the forging ratio is 1.62278.
And the 6 th pass is an idle pass, and the material returns to the hammer head a side at the speed of 20 m/min.
The 7 th pass is a forging pass, the material movement mode is the same as that of the 5 th pass, the hammer head of the precision forging machine aligns to the middle position 1800mm away from the material b end, the feeding speed during forging is 2.8m/min, the discharging speed is 3m/min, the hammer head forging frequency is 240 times/min, and the forging ratio is 1.06687.
The finish forging temperature of the 7 th pass is controlled to be above 850 ℃, and the bending degree of the end of the slender steel material in a red hot state after forging forming is less than 5 mm/m. And the forged blank forging material utilizes the forging waste heat to replace normalizing, grains are refined, the forging is air-cooled to 600-650 ℃, and the forging is put into an annealing furnace for annealing, so that the stress is reduced, and the hardness of the forging is reduced.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a forging forming method for reducing the bending degree of a steel material when a finish forging machine forges a slender steel material.
A16 MN horizontal precision forging machine is adopted, programming software for automatic control is BarForge, and the model of a round hammer head is R120 or R150. Forging a round blank: the weight of the blank is controlled to be less than or equal to 8 tons, the length of the blank must be more than 1.5 meters, the initial diameter of the blank must be less than phi 690mm (only aiming at bending), and the length of the finished product must be less than or equal to 20 meters, and the minimum diameter of the finished product is phi 120 mm.
The billet used in this example was D-SFCM860-1 structural steel, weighing 3.7 tons, and having the specification
The forged product is D-SFCM860-1 structural steel with the specification of phi 180+2/-0 × 18000 mm. The specific preparation process of the product comprises the following steps: blank → heat → fine forge to the finished size.
The specific forging deformation process of the precision forging machine comprises the following steps:
heating a blank:
and (3) putting the blank into a gas heating furnace for heating at 1200-1240 ℃, keeping the temperature for 7h, discharging the blank out of the furnace, and then entering a precision forging machine for forging.
(II) forging by a precision forging machine:
the finish forging machine adopts a deformation mode of alternating forging passes and no-load passes, and the total number of the passes is 11, namely, circle → empty → circle → empty → circle, and the total forging ratio is 7.6.
The 1 st pass is a forging pass, the feeding speed is 3.2m/min during the movement of the material, the discharging speed is 4m/min, and the material is forged by a hammer head of a precision forging machine at the forging frequency of 180 times/min, wherein the forging ratio is 1.23457.
The 2 nd pass is an idle pass, namely the hammer head is not combined downwards for forging, the material is not deformed, and the material returns to the hammer head a side at the speed of 15 m/min.
The 3 rd pass is a forging pass, the material movement mode is the same as that of the 1 st pass, the feeding speed is 2.7m/min, the discharging speed is 4m/min, the hammer forging frequency is 180 times/min, and the forging ratio is 1.47918.
The 4 th pass is an idle pass, and the material returns to the hammer head a side at the speed of 15 m/min.
The 5 th pass is a forging pass, the material movement mode is the same as that of the 1 st pass, the feeding speed is 2.6m/min, the discharging speed is 4m/min, the hammer forging frequency is 180 times/min, and the forging ratio is 1.52111.
And the 6 th pass is an idle pass, and the material returns to the hammer head a side at the speed of 15 m/min.
The 7 th pass is a forging pass, the material movement mode is the same as that of the 1 st pass, the feeding speed is 2.6m/min, the discharging speed is 4m/min, the hammer forging frequency is 180 times/min, and the forging ratio is 1.5625.
The 8 th pass is an idle pass, and the material returns to the hammer head a side at the speed of 15 m/min.
The 9 th pass is a forging pass, the clamping jaw A clamps the end of the material a and carries the material to move towards the side of the hammer head b in an idle load manner, the hammer head of the precision forging machine is aligned to the middle position 2500mm away from the end of the material b, the hammer head is combined to start forging, the clamping jaw A carries the material to move towards the side of the hammer head a in the forging process, and the material is forged to the end b from the middle position of the material; after the forging is finished, the hammer head is opened, the clamping jaw A carries the material to return to the middle position in an idle load mode, the clamping jaw B clamps the end B of the material, the clamping jaw A is loosened, the hammer head is combined to start forging, the clamping jaw B carries the material to move towards the side B of the hammer head in the forging process, and the forging is finished when the material is forged to the end a from the middle position of the material.
The feeding speed during forging is 2.4m/min, the discharging speed is 4m/min, the hammer forging frequency is 180 times/min, and the forging ratio is 1.64717.
The 10 th pass is an idle pass, and the material returns to the hammer head a side at the speed of 15 m/min.
The 11 th pass is a forging pass, the material movement mode is the same as that of the 9 th pass, the feeding speed during forging is 2.8m/min, the discharging speed is 3m/min, the hammer forging frequency is 240 times/min, and the forging ratio is 1.0557.
The finish forging temperature of the 11 th pass is controlled to be above 850 ℃, and the bending degree of the end of the slender steel material in a red hot state after forging forming is less than 5 mm/m. And the forged blank forging material utilizes the forging waste heat to replace normalizing, grains are refined, the forging is air-cooled to 600-650 ℃, and the forging is put into an annealing furnace for annealing, so that the stress is reduced, and the hardness of the forging is reduced.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a forging forming method for reducing the bending degree of a steel material when a finish forging machine forges a slender steel material.
A16 MN horizontal precision forging machine is adopted, programming software for automatic control is BarForge, and the model of a round hammer head is R120 or R150. Forging a round blank: the weight of the blank is controlled to be less than or equal to 8 tons, the length of the blank must be more than 1.5 meters, the initial diameter of the blank must be less than phi 690mm (only aiming at bending), and the length of the finished product must be less than or equal to 20 meters, and the minimum diameter of the finished product is phi 120 mm.
The blank used in this example was an LZ50 axle blank weighing 2.9 tons and having the specification
The forged product is an LZ50 axle blank with the specification of phi 227+2/-0 × 11000 mm. The specific preparation process of the product comprises the following steps: blank → heat → fine forge to the finished size.
The specific forging deformation process of the precision forging machine comprises the following steps:
heating a blank:
and (3) putting the blank into a gas heating furnace for heating at 1200-1240 ℃, keeping the temperature for 7h, discharging the blank out of the furnace, and then entering a precision forging machine for forging.
(II) forging by a precision forging machine:
the finish forging machine adopts a deformation mode of alternating forging passes and no-load passes, and the total number of the passes is 5, namely, circle → empty → circle, and the total forging ratio is 2.3.
The 1 st pass is a forging pass, the feeding speed is 2.9m/min during the movement of the material, the discharging speed is 4m/min, and the material is forged by a hammer head of a precision forging machine at the forging frequency of 180 times/min, wherein the forging ratio is 1.36111;
the 2 nd pass is an idle pass, namely the hammer head is not combined downwards for forging, the material is not deformed, and the material returns to the hammer head a side at the speed of 15 m/min.
The 3 rd pass is a forging pass, the clamping jaw A clamps the end of the material a and carries the material to move towards the side of the hammer head b in an idle load manner, the hammer head of the precision forging machine is aligned to the middle position 1500mm away from the end of the material b, the hammer head is combined to start forging, the clamping jaw A carries the material to move towards the side of the hammer head a in the forging process, and the material is forged to the end b from the middle position of the material; after the forging is finished, the hammer head is opened, the clamping jaw A carries the material to return to the middle position in an idle load mode, the clamping jaw B clamps the end B of the material, the clamping jaw A is loosened, the hammer head is combined to start forging, the clamping jaw B carries the material to move towards the side B of the hammer head in the forging process, and the forging is finished when the material is forged to the end a from the middle position of the material. The feeding speed during forging is 2.4m/min, the discharging speed is 4m/min, the hammer forging frequency is 180 times/min, and the forging ratio is 1.64366.
The 4 th pass is an idle pass, and the material returns to the hammer head a side at the speed of 15 m/min.
The 5 th pass is a forging pass, the material movement mode is the same as that of the 3 rd pass, the hammer head of the precision forging machine is aligned to the middle position 2100mm away from the material b end, the feeding speed during forging is 3.4m/min, the discharging speed is 3.5m/min, the hammer head forging frequency is 240 times/min, and the forging ratio is 1.04414.
The finish forging temperature of the 5 th pass is controlled to be above 850 ℃, and the bending degree of the end of the slender steel material in a red hot state after forging forming is less than 5 mm/m. And the forged blank forging material utilizes the forging waste heat to replace normalizing, grains are refined, the forging is air-cooled to 600-650 ℃, and the forging is put into an annealing furnace for annealing, so that the stress is reduced, and the hardness of the forging is reduced.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides a forging method of forging a long and thin steel material by a finish forging machine,
adopting a 16MN horizontal precision forging machine, automatically controlling the programming software to be BarForge, the model of a round hammer head to be R120 or R150, using H13 die steel as a blank, weighing 3.17 tons and having the specification of
The forged product was H13 die steel with a gauge of phi 200+2/-0 x 12000 mm. The specific preparation process of the product comprises the following steps: blank → heat → fine forge to the finished size.
The specific forging deformation process of the precision forging machine comprises the following steps:
heating a blank:
putting the billet into a gas heating furnace for heating, wherein the heating temperature is 1200-1240 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 6h, so that the temperature of the billet is uniformly and completely burnt; and (4) after being discharged from the furnace, entering a precision forging machine to start forging.
(II) forging by a precision forging machine:
the finish forging machine is continuously carried out for 7 passes, and the total forging ratio is 7.6.
In the 1 st forging pass, in the process of forging the slender steel by the precision forging machine, the clamping jaws A and B which are respectively positioned at two sides of the hammerhead a and B of the precision forging machine carry materials to reciprocate, and the two ends of the materials corresponding to the two sides of the hammerhead a and B are respectively an end a and an end B.
In the forging process, the clamping jaw A clamps the end a of the material to move to the side B, after the material moves for a certain distance, the clamping jaw B clamps the material and carries the material together with the clamping jaw A to continuously move to the side B, when the material cannot be clamped by the clamping jaw A, the clamping jaw A is loosened, the material is carried by the clamping jaw B to continuously move until the forging is completed, the feeding speed is 5.8m/min and the discharging speed is 7m/min during the material movement, and the material is forged by the hammer head of the precision forging machine at the forging frequency of 180 times/min during the material movement; the forging ratio was 1.21.
In the 2 nd forging pass, the material moves from the b side of the hammer head to the a side, the feeding speed is 4.7m/min, the discharging speed is 7m/min, the forging frequency of the hammer head is 180 times/min, and the forging ratio is 1.48721.
The 3 rd pass is an idle pass, and the material returns to the side b of the hammer at the speed of 20 m/min.
The 4 th pass is a forging pass, the material movement mode is the same as that of the 2 nd pass, the feeding speed is 4.5m/min, the discharging speed is 7m/min, the hammer forging frequency is 180 times/min, and the forging ratio is 1.54362.
In the 5 th forging pass, the material movement mode is the same as that of the 1 st forging pass, the feeding speed is 4.3m/min, the discharging speed is 7m/min, the hammer forging frequency is 180 times/min, and the forging ratio is 1.61095.
In the 6 th forging pass, the material movement mode is the same as that of the 2 nd forging pass, the feeding speed is 3.8m/min, the discharging speed is 6m/min, the hammer forging frequency is 180 times/min, and the forging ratio is 1.57763.
In the 7 th forging pass, the material movement mode is the same as that of the 1 st forging pass, the feeding speed is 3m/min, the discharging speed is 7m/min, the hammer forging frequency is 180 times/min, and the forging ratio is 1.05012.
The bending degree of the end head of the slender steel material prepared by the comparative example in the red hot state after forging and forming is more than 15mm/m, so that the bending degree is obviously visible by naked eyes, the structure stress and the deformation stress generated in forging are released by using no-load passes in the precision forging process of a precision forging machine, the bending caused by stress concentration is prevented, the deformation modes of the last two forging passes are controlled by using a precision program, and the bending caused by impact generated by the material and the edge of the hammer head in the propelling process can be obviously reduced by adopting drawing and striking.
Comparative example 2
The blank used in this comparative example was 42CrMo die steel, weighing 1.78 tons, and having a specification of
The forged product is 42CrMo die steel with the specification of phi 150+2/-0 x 12000 mm. The specific preparation process of the product comprises the following steps: blank → heat → fine forge to the finished size.
The specific forging deformation process of the precision forging machine comprises the following steps:
heating a blank:
and (3) putting the blank into a gas heating furnace for heating at 1200-1240 ℃, keeping the temperature for 7h, discharging the blank out of the furnace, and then entering a precision forging machine for forging.
(II) forging by a precision forging machine:
the finish forging machine has 5 passes in total, namely circle → empty → circle, and the total forging ratio is 3.9.
The 1 st pass is a forging pass, the material moves from the hammer head a side to the hammer head b side, the feeding speed is 4.3m/min during the movement, the discharging speed is 6m/min, the material is forged by the hammer head of the precision forging machine at the forging frequency of 180 times/min, and the forging ratio is 1.38408;
and the 2 nd pass is an idle pass, namely the hammer head is not combined downwards for forging, the material is not deformed and returns to the hammer head a side at the speed of 20 m/min.
The 3 rd pass is a forging pass, the material movement mode is the same as that of the 1 st pass, the feeding speed is 3.7m/min, the discharging speed is 6m/min, the hammer forging frequency is 180 times/min, and the forging ratio is 1.62562.
The 4 th pass is a forging pass, the material movement is reverse to that of the 1 st pass, the feeding speed is 3.1m/min, the discharging speed is 5m/min, the hammer forging frequency is 180 times/min, and the forging ratio is 1.62278.
The 5 th pass is a forging pass, the material movement mode is the same as that of the 1 st pass, the feeding speed is 2.8m/min, the discharging speed is 3m/min, the hammer forging frequency is 240 times/min, and the forging ratio is 1.06687.
The finish forging temperature of the 5 th pass is controlled to be above 850 ℃, and the bending degree of the end of the slender steel material in a red hot state after forging forming is less than 5 mm/m. And the forged blank forging material utilizes the forging waste heat to replace normalizing, grains are refined, the forging is air-cooled to 600-650 ℃, and the forging is put into an annealing furnace for annealing, so that the stress is reduced, and the hardness of the forging is reduced.
Comparative example 3
The billet used in this comparative example was D-SFCM860-1 structural steel, weighing 3.7 tons and having the specification
The forged product is D-SFCM860-1 structural steel with the specification of phi 180+2/-0 × 18000 mm. The specific preparation process of the product comprises the following steps: blank → heat → fine forge to the finished size.
The specific forging deformation process of the precision forging machine comprises the following steps:
heating a blank:
and (3) putting the blank into a gas heating furnace for heating at 1200-1240 ℃, keeping the temperature for 7h, discharging the blank out of the furnace, and then entering a precision forging machine for forging.
(II) forging by a precision forging machine:
the finish forging machine has 7 passes in total, namely circle → empty → circle, with a total forging ratio of 7.6.
The 1 st pass is a forging pass, the hammer head a side moves to the hammer head b side, the feeding speed is 3.2m/min, the discharging speed is 4m/min during the movement of the material, the hammer head of the precision forging machine forges the material at the forging frequency of 180 times/min, and the forging ratio is 1.23457.
The 2 nd pass is an idle pass, namely the hammer head is not combined downwards for forging, the material is not deformed, and the material returns to the hammer head a side at the speed of 15 m/min.
The 3 rd pass is a forging pass, the material movement mode is the same as that of the 1 st pass, the feeding speed is 2.9m/min, the discharging speed is 4m/min, the hammer forging frequency is 180 times/min, and the forging ratio is 1.40235.
The 4 th pass is a forging pass, the material movement is reverse to that of the 1 st pass, the feeding speed is 2.5m/min, the discharging speed is 4m/min, the hammer forging frequency is 180 times/min, and the forging ratio is 1.60444.
The 5 th pass is a forging pass, the material movement mode is the same as that of the 1 st pass, the feeding speed is 2.6m/min, the discharging speed is 4m/min, the hammer forging frequency is 180 times/min, and the forging ratio is 1.5625.
The 6 th pass is a forging pass, the material movement is reverse to that of the 1 st pass, the feeding speed is 2.4m/min, the discharging speed is 4m/min, the hammer forging frequency is 180 times/min, and the forging ratio is 1.64717.
The 7 th pass is a forging pass, the material movement mode is the same as that of the 1 st pass, the feeding speed is 2.8m/min, the discharging speed is 3m/min, the hammer forging frequency is 240 times/min, and the forging ratio is 1.0557.
The finish forging temperature of the 7 th pass is controlled to be above 850 ℃, and the bending degree of the end of the slender steel material in a red hot state after forging forming is less than 5 mm/m. And the forged blank forging material utilizes the forging waste heat to replace normalizing, grains are refined, the forging is air-cooled to 600-650 ℃, and the forging is put into an annealing furnace for annealing, so that the stress is reduced, and the hardness of the forging is reduced.
Comparative example 4
The blank used in this comparative example was an LZ50 axle blank weighing 2.9 tons and having the specification
The forged product is an LZ50 axle blank with the specification of phi 227+2/-0 × 11000 mm. The specific preparation process of the product comprises the following steps: blank → heat → fine forge to the finished size.
The specific forging deformation process of the precision forging machine comprises the following steps:
heating a blank:
and (3) putting the blank into a gas heating furnace for heating at 1200-1240 ℃, keeping the temperature for 7h, discharging the blank out of the furnace, and then entering a precision forging machine for forging.
(II) forging by a precision forging machine:
the finish forging machine is provided with 3 passes in total, namely circle → circle, and the total forging ratio is 2.3.
The 1 st pass is a forging pass, the hammer head a side moves to the hammer head b side, the feeding speed is 3.0m/min, the discharging speed is 4m/min during the movement of the material, the hammer head of the precision forging machine forges the material at the forging frequency of 180 times/min, and the forging ratio is 1.34314;
the 2 nd pass is a forging pass, the material movement is reverse to that of the 1 st pass, the feeding speed is 2.4m/min, the discharging speed is 4m/min, the hammer forging frequency is 180 times/min, and the forging ratio is 1.66564.
The 3 rd pass is a forging pass, the material movement mode is the same as that of the 1 st pass, the feeding speed is 3.4m/min, the discharging speed is 3.5m/min, the hammer forging frequency is 240 times/min, and the forging ratio is 1.04414.
The finish forging temperature of the 3 rd pass is controlled to be above 850 ℃, and the bending degree of the end of the slender steel material in a red hot state after forging forming is less than 5 mm/m. And the forged blank forging material utilizes the forging waste heat to replace normalizing, grains are refined, the forging is air-cooled to 600-650 ℃, and the forging is put into an annealing furnace for annealing, so that the stress is reduced, and the hardness of the forging is reduced.
FIG. 1 is a metallographic micrograph of the grain size of an elongated steel material prepared in example 2 at 100 times magnification, and FIG. 1 shows that the grain size is of the order of 4.5; FIG. 2 is a metallographic micrograph of the grain size of an elongated steel material prepared in comparative example 2 magnified 100 times, and FIG. 2 shows that the grain size is class 3.5; FIG. 3 is a metallographic micrograph of the grain size of an elongated steel material prepared in example 3 at 100 times magnification, and FIG. 3 shows that the grain size is grade 5; FIG. 4 is a metallographic micrograph of the grain size of an elongated steel material prepared in comparative example 3 magnified 100 times, and FIG. 4 shows that the grain size is class 4; FIG. 5 is a metallographic micrograph of the grain size of an elongated steel material prepared in example 4 at 100 times magnification, and FIG. 5 shows that the grain size is class 4.5; FIG. 6 is a metallographic micrograph of the grain size of an elongated steel material prepared in comparative example 4 magnified 100 times, and FIG. 6 shows that the grain size is 3.5 grade. As can be seen from the comparison between FIGS. 1 to 6, the forging method provided by the invention can obviously improve the grain size grade of the finished steel product and obviously improve the internal quality of the product.
Claims (10)
1. A forging method for reducing the bending degree of a slender steel is characterized in that a deformation mode that forging passes and no-load passes are alternated is adopted in the process of forging the slender steel by a finish forging machine, the initial forging pass is forged to the other end from one end of a material by a conventional forging method, the last two forging passes are forged to one end of the material from the middle position at a certain distance away from the end of the material, and then the end of the material is forged to the other end of the material from the middle position after returning to the middle position in an idle load mode.
2. A forging method for reducing bending degree of an elongated steel material according to claim 1, wherein during forging of the elongated steel material by the finish forging machine, materials are carried by an A clamping jaw and a B clamping jaw which are respectively positioned at two sides of a hammerhead a and a hammerhead B of the finish forging machine to reciprocate, and the two ends of the materials corresponding to the two sides of the hammerhead a and the hammerhead B are respectively an a end and a B end; in the last two forging passes, clamping the end of a material a by a clamping jaw A, carrying the material to move towards the side of a hammer head b in an idle load manner, aligning the hammer head of the precision forging machine to the middle position at a certain distance away from the end of the material b, combining the hammer head to start forging, carrying the material by the clamping jaw A to move towards the side of the hammer head a in the forging process, and forging the material to the end b from the middle position of the material; after the forging is finished, the hammer head is opened, the clamping jaw A carries the material to return to the middle position in an idle load mode, the clamping jaw B clamps the end B of the material, the clamping jaw A is loosened, the hammer head is combined to start forging, the clamping jaw B carries the material to move towards the side B of the hammer head in the forging process, and the forging is finished when the material is forged to the end a from the middle position of the material.
3. A forging method for reducing bending of an elongated steel material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the intermediate position is located at a distance from the end B of the material greater than the minimum distance from the head of the finish forging machine to the B jaw to ensure that the B jaw can grip the section B of the material and carry the material to the side B of the head after the material returns to the intermediate position without load.
4. A forging method for reducing bending of an elongated steel material according to claim 3, wherein the finish forging machine is a 16MN horizontal finish forging machine, the programming software for automatic control is BarForge, and the round-hammer head model is R120, R150, R200 or R290.
5. A forging method for reducing bending of an elongated steel product according to claim 4, wherein the forging of the finish forging press is started by heating a steel slab to 1200 to 1240 ℃ and holding the temperature for 6 to 8 hours before the forging of the finish forging press.
6. A forging method for reducing bending in an elongate steel material according to claim 5, wherein the forging ratio in each of the first forging pass and the last forging pass is less than 1.4; the forging ratio of the rest forging passes is 1.40-1.65.
7. A forging method for reducing tortuosity in an elongated steel product according to claim 6, wherein the feed rate in the forging pass is 2.4-5.8 m/min and the discharge rate is 3-7 m/min; the feeding speed and the discharging speed of the no-load pass are both 15-20 m/min.
8. A forging method for reducing bending in an elongated steel product according to claim 7, wherein the hammer forging frequency in the last forging pass is 240 per minute and the hammer forging frequency in the remaining forging passes is 180 per minute.
9. A forging method for reducing the bow of an elongate steel material according to claim 8, wherein the bow of the end of the elongate steel material in a red hot state after forging is less than 4 mm/m.
10. The forging method for reducing the bending degree of the elongated steel according to claim 9, wherein the finish forging temperature is not less than 850 ℃, the forged blank forging material is normalized by using the residual heat after forging, the forged piece is air-cooled to 600-650 ℃, and the forged piece is placed into an annealing furnace for annealing.
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| CN112916788A (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2021-06-08 | 建龙北满特殊钢有限责任公司 | Production method for forging axle for railway vehicle by adopting continuous casting billet |
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