CN111266380A - Method for treating household garbage - Google Patents
Method for treating household garbage Download PDFInfo
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- CN111266380A CN111266380A CN201811471493.1A CN201811471493A CN111266380A CN 111266380 A CN111266380 A CN 111266380A CN 201811471493 A CN201811471493 A CN 201811471493A CN 111266380 A CN111266380 A CN 111266380A
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- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 75
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- FDRCDNZGSXJAFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloroacetate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)CCl FDRCDNZGSXJAFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 8
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 6
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009740 moulding (composite fabrication) Methods 0.000 description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000006148 magnetic separator Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- PZZOEXPDTYIBPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylamino]methyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-naphthalen-1-one Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CCNCC1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2CC1 PZZOEXPDTYIBPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006298 dechlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/02—Gases or liquids enclosed in discarded articles, e.g. aerosol cans or cooling systems of refrigerators
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a treatment method of household garbage, and particularly relates to a process method for preparing derived fuel (RDF) by modifying the household garbage, gasifying the RDF by using a gasification furnace, purifying hydrogen generated after gasification to prepare industrial hydrogen for use, and supplying the rest gas to a gas generator for power generation. Namely a process system and a method for realizing co-production of gas and electricity by taking household garbage as a raw material. In the process of treating the domestic garbage, sewage and waste gas are not discharged to the outside. Combustible gas is generated after gasification, and the aims of resource regeneration and thorough treatment of the household garbage are achieved. The economic benefit and the environmental benefit are both good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to treatment of household garbage, in particular to a novel treatment method of household garbage.
Background
The common methods for treating the household garbage comprise: sanitary landfill, incineration power generation (or direct incineration), classified recycling, biogas production power generation and the like.
At present, the more economically feasible treatment method is pyrolysis gasification of domestic garbage, and particularly, the method for preparing derived fuel (RDF) by using domestic garbage and carrying out pyrolysis gasification is good for the public. However, because the gasification heat value generated after the RDF gasification is low, if the fuel gas generated after the gasification is simply used for heat supply or power generation, the economic benefit is very low. That is, the use of the gasified mixture is not changed, and no good economic benefit can be generated. Only by government financial subsidies, it is difficult to attract the folk capital to enter the field of domestic waste treatment.
CN107057794A A method for modifying, molding and gasifying household garbage, which comprises the working procedures of bag breaking, magnetic separation, screening, coarse breaking, middle breaking and fine breaking of the household garbage, fine breaking and stirring are carried out after fine breaking, fine breaking and stirring are carried out, and an additive 1 is added; first modification and drying; finely breaking, stirring and adding an additive 2; modifying and drying for the second time; preparing RDF and drying for the third time; gasifying; cooling; removing tar; and (3) removing chlorine and sulfur. According to the method, the domestic garbage is modified to prepare the derived fuel (RDF), and then the RDF is gasified, so that the derived fuel (RDF) has a better forming effect and higher strength, and is not easy to disperse at high temperature. But does not address the problem of utilizing the heat generated after gasification. Some existing gasification processes also mention the use of heat generated by gasification to dry the waste. In the production practice, the inventor finds that: (1) on the premise of low cost, the realization of quick garbage drying is basically not feasible. The garbage is dried by using heat generated in the gasification process, and the heat is insufficient and cannot be used. (2) When the garbage is dried, if the temperature is too high, the phenomenon of outer coke and inner moisture often occurs; the temperature is low, the heat is difficult to be transferred to the interior of the garbage, and the drying efficiency is very low.
Therefore, a new method for treating domestic garbage, which is more economically feasible, is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for generating power by modifying, forming, gasifying and extracting hydrogen from household garbage and using the residual mixed gas, which is a more economical and feasible method for treating the household garbage and is a further improvement on CN 107057794A' a method for modifying, forming and gasifying the household garbage.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a method for treating household garbage comprises the following steps: bag-breaking → magnetic separation → sieving → coarse-breaking → middle-breaking → fine-breaking, stirring, adding additive 1 → first modification and drying → fine-breaking, stirring, adding additive 2 → fermentation modification and drying → preparing RDF and third drying → gasification → cooling → tar removal → chlorine and sulfur removal → hydrogen extraction → power generation.
The bag breaking: the household garbage is directly conveyed into the bag breaking machine through the conveying device for bag breaking treatment without manual pre-sorting.
And (3) magnetic separation: and carrying out metal magnetic separation on the household garbage subjected to bag breaking treatment by a magnetic separator.
Screening: and (3) conveying the domestic garbage subjected to magnetic separation to a drum screen for screening treatment, conveying oversize products to a coarse crushing procedure, and directly conveying undersize products to a fine crushing and stirring procedure.
And (3) coarse crushing: carrying out coarse crushing on the screened oversize products by using a crusher, and then conveying the oversize products to a middle crushing process; after the process is broken, 90 percent of the domestic garbage has the length and width less than 50mm multiplied by 120 mm.
The middle breaking: carrying out middle-level crushing on the household garbage coarsely crushed in the previous working procedure by using a crusher, and then conveying the household garbage to a fine crushing working procedure; after the process is carried out, 90 percent of the domestic garbage has the length and width less than 30mm multiplied by 50 mm.
Fine breaking: finely crushing the household garbage crushed in the previous working procedure by using a crusher; after the process is carried out, 90 percent of the domestic garbage has the length and width less than 15mm multiplied by 10 mm.
Finely breaking and stirring, and adding an additive 1: conveying the household garbage conveyed in the fine crushing procedure and the undersize products to a fine crushing stirrer together for fine crushing and stirring treatment; adding the additive 1 while performing fine crushing and stirring treatment, and uniformly mixing the additive 1 and the household garbage;
the additive 1 comprises quicklime, caustic soda and coal gangue, and the addition ratio of the domestic garbage to the quicklime (CaO), the caustic soda (NaOH) and the coal gangue is =1: 0.05-0.10: 0.10-0.15: 0.15-0.20.
The first modification and drying: the finely broken household garbage is piled in an open pond to be modified for the first time, a pipeline is buried in the material pile, gasification waste heat is introduced, the modification temperature is controlled below 100 ℃, the cellulose is guaranteed to mainly undergo an alkalization reaction but not a hydrolysis reaction, dehumidification is carried out by adopting dehumidification equipment, and wet air is sent into an alkaline liquid pond to be filtered and then is discharged into the air.
The domestic garbage is stacked, the weight of stacking per pile is 2-200 tons, the stacking time is 1-3 days, and the stacking time depends on the moisture in the domestic garbage, the external environment temperature and the humidity. As the quicklime can absorb the water in the domestic garbage after being added, a chemical reaction is carried out to release a large amount of heat. The reaction heat provides a basic condition for accelerating the chemical reaction of the organic matters in the household garbage and the caustic soda. The cellulose of organic matters in the household garbage reacts with caustic soda to generate sodium cellulose, and simultaneously, a large amount of heat is released, and the reaction heat can cause the gradual loss of moisture in the household garbage, so that dehumidification equipment is needed to be adopted for dehumidification, and evaporated water vapor is pumped into an alkali liquor pool to be filtered and then is discharged into the air.
The chemical reaction of the first modification is: CaO + H2O→Ca(OH)2Heat of reaction, cellulose + NaOH → sodium cellulose + heat of reaction;
the reaction of caustic soda and coal gangue is as follows: r (COOH)n+nNAOH→R―(COONa)n+ nH2O。
Finely breaking and stirring, and adding an additive 2: conveying the primarily modified household garbage to a fine crushing stirrer for secondary fine crushing and stirring treatment, and adding an additive 2 while performing the fine crushing and stirring treatment to uniformly mix and stir the additive 2 and the primarily modified household garbage;
the additive 2 is prepared from sodium chloroacetate and industrial alcohol (the concentration is about 50-70%), and the addition ratio is calculated according to the weight, wherein the domestic garbage subjected to first modification is sodium chloroacetate and alcohol =1: 0.005-0.03: 0.10-0.20.
Fermentation modification and drying: the domestic garbage after being stirred uniformly in the previous procedure is piled in an open pond for fermentation modification, a pipeline is buried in the material pile, gasification waste heat is introduced, dehumidification is carried out by adopting dehumidification equipment, and wet air is sent into an alkaline liquid pond to be filtered and then is discharged into the air.
The domestic garbage is stacked, the weight of stacking each pile is 2-200 tons, the stacking time is 1-2 days, and the stacking time depends on the moisture in the domestic garbage, the external environment temperature and the humidity.
The main chemical reactions of fermentation modification are: sodium cellulose + sodium chloroacetate → viscose-like mixtures;
polysaccharide (contained in plant) + alcohol → xanthan gum liquid
The sodium cellulose in the mixed material reacts with sodium chloroacetate, and becomes yellowish sticky substances in a humid alkaline environment. The polysaccharide contained in the plant reacts with industrial alcohol to form xanthan gum liquid. The xanthan gum solution and the viscose-like mixture have strong viscosity. The reaction heat can cause the gradual loss of water in the household garbage, so that dehumidification is needed by adopting dehumidification equipment, evaporated water vapor is pumped into the alkali liquor pool to be filtered and then is discharged into the air.
Preparing RDF and drying for the third time: the RDF with a fixed shape is prepared from the household garbage modified for the second time by utilizing a special fine crushing, drying and molding all-in-one machine (with the patent number of CN 201310457037.2) which is connected with a pipeline and introducing gasification waste heat.
Since the molding is performed by heating using the residual heat generated by the gasification, the derived fuel (RDF) after molding also has a high temperature. Therefore, the produced RDF needs to be conveyed to a storage or a gasification furnace through a closed conveying belt of about 20-50 m. In the conveying process of the closed conveying belt, gasification waste heat is used for generating hot air, and the formed derivative fuel is air-dried. Therefore, the primary garbage is air-dried for three times, the water loss is nearly 30-45%, and the water content of the derived fuel is reduced to be below 30-35%.
And (3) gasification: the gasification is carried out by a fixed bed gasification furnace, and the ratio of the height to the diameter of the gasification furnace is at least 10-15 times (the height is larger than the diameter). The gasification temperature must be controlled above 850 deg.C, and the temperature is higher than the temperature to effectively prevent the generation of toxic and harmful gases such as dioxin.
And (3) dividing the waste heat generated by gasification into three paths, and respectively sending the three paths of waste heat to the first modification and drying process, the fermentation modification and drying process, the RDF preparation process and the third drying process, so that the waste heat is fully utilized to dry the garbage.
During gasification, due to the action of calcium and sodium in the additive, sodium ions react with generated chlorine or chloride ions to form sodium chloride, and chlorine, which is an essential basic substance for blocking dioxin from being formed, is blocked. Calcium can fix sulfur. The calcium oxide (CaO) added in the previous process is mostly converted into calcium carbonate. Calcium carbonate is decomposed into calcium oxide at high temperature, and the calcium oxide and sulfur dioxide are synthesized into calcium sulfate. The gasifier must be sufficiently high, with a height to diameter ratio of at least 10-15 times. The heat generated in the gasification process is partially used for the previous process needing heat by arranging a heat exchanger on the furnace wall, and partially used for baking the derived fuel (RDF) on the upper layer of the gasification furnace.
And cooling: and cooling the mixed gas obtained after gasification in a double-vertical-pipe washing tower. The gasified mixed gas contains a large amount of dust, and a part of heavy metals are adsorbed in the dust at the same time. The dust and the heavy metal attached to the dust are removed while the gas is cooled, and the heavy metal component in the gas is greatly reduced. The outlet temperature of the gasification furnace is not higher than 100 ℃ after cooling.
The tar removal: collecting tar by an electric tar collecting device.
The chlorine and sulfur removal: and introducing the mixed gas into a NaOH solution pool with the concentration of 5-10%, and reacting H2S, SO2, NOX and residual chlorine in the mixed gas with NaOH to eliminate sulfur, chlorine, nitrogen and the like in the mixed gas.
The hydrogen extraction: the pressure swing adsorption process is adopted to extract and purify hydrogen (or extract and purify CO gas according to the requirement).
The power generation is realized by adopting a gas generator set. The method of using the heat exchanger by the waste heat generated by the power generation is used for the previous process requiring heat. Tail gas passing through Ca (OH)2And filtering the solution in the solution pool and then discharging.
After the processes, the industrial garbage is rich in H2Useful gases such as (CO) and the like, and electric energy generated by power generation can be used by itself or can be connected to the internet after transformation.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. at the initial stage of the treatment, quicklime (CaO) is added to react with water, and the reaction heat is released. The reaction of a strong base with cellulose is also an exothermic reaction. Due to the adoption of piling, the mixed materials are uniformly heated, and the interior of the garbage mixed materials can reach more than 50 ℃ even in the environment of winter. This is a very effective, low cost warming measure. The temperature rise brings about the water evaporation, at the moment, the dehumidification is carried out, and the water loss is very fast. The domestic garbage or the derived fuel is air-dried for multiple times in a segmented manner by utilizing the waste heat generated by gasification, the defect that the cost is high due to the conventional process of drying the domestic garbage once and then preparing the derived fuel (RDF) is overcome, and the energy is greatly saved.
2. After the additive 2 is added, the reaction generates a viscose-like mixture and xanthan gum, and the derived fuel (RDF) has better forming effect, higher strength and is not easy to disperse at high temperature. Oxygen is easy to enter during gasification, the gasified mixed gas is easy to discharge, and the gasification efficiency is higher.
3. Because the pollution of harmful components (particularly dioxin substances) in the mixed gas after gasification to the environment is considered in the process of preparing the derived fuel (RDF), the addition of the calcium element and the sodium element effectively reduces the synthesis of the calcium element and the sodium element in the gasification process. The calcium and the sodium are added, and the calcium reacts with the sulfur, and the sodium reacts with the chlorine, so that the sulfur and the chlorine in the household garbage can be effectively absorbed, the formation of sulfides and dioxin in gasified gas is greatly reduced, the difficulty of gas purification is greatly reduced, and the treatment cost is saved.
4. The tar in the mixed gas is eliminated by using an electric tar-capturing technology. The method is superior to water washing method, and can greatly reduce water consumption, reduce cost and reduce environmental pollution. Because tar is easy to separate out below 100 ℃, the electric tar-catching process is arranged before dechlorination and desulphurization, and the tar is removed before the mixed gas enters the NaOH solution pool, so that the solution in the solution pool is prevented from being polluted by the tar, the NaOH solution in the solution pool can be recycled, the workload of water treatment is reduced, and the treatment cost is also reduced.
5. And filtering the residual sulfur and chlorine in the mixed gas by using a NaOH solution pool. The NaOH solution pool solution can be reused. Only when the solution concentration decreased, further NaOH was added. The discharge of waste liquid in the production process is avoided, and the factors harmful to the environment are reduced.
6. The finally obtained mixed gas contains H2, CO2 and the like, and has wide industrial application range and high economic value. Particularly, the cheap H2 is obtained, and provides a foundation and guarantee for the marketization of the hydrogen energy automobile. The economic good gain in turn promotes the popularization and development of the technology.
7. In the process of modifying and treating the household garbage, sewage and waste gas are not discharged to the outside. Combustible gas is generated after gasification, and the aims of resource regeneration and thorough treatment of the household garbage are achieved. The economic benefit and the environmental benefit are both good.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for treating domestic waste according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to limit the invention thereto.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for treating domestic garbage includes the following steps: bag-breaking → magnetic separation → sieving → coarse-breaking → middle-breaking → fine-breaking, stirring, adding additive 1 → first modification and drying → fine-breaking, stirring, adding additive 2 → fermentation modification and drying → RDF preparation and third drying → gasification → cooling → tar removal → chlorine removal and sulfur removal.
The respective steps are specifically described as follows:
(1) a bag breaking procedure: the household garbage does not need to be sorted manually in advance, and the bagged household garbage is broken and split by a crusher; meanwhile, the hard large garbage is squeezed and cracked and crushed.
The grabbing crusher adopts an SSI-M100E type crusher of American SSI company. The rotating speed is 26 r/min; the crushing cutter thickness is 50 mm. The crushing capacity was 25T/H.
(2) A magnetic separation procedure: and carrying out magnetic separation on the garbage after bag breaking, carrying out magnetic separation on metals contained in the garbage, and conveying the garbage to a screening process.
The magnetic separator adopts the RCYD-8 super-strong T3 model of Shandong Weifang permanent-based magneto-mechanical Limited company, and the magnetic field intensity is more than or equal to 1500 gauss. Conveyed to the next process by a belt.
(3) A screening process: and (4) screening the domestic garbage subjected to magnetic separation by using a drum screen. And directly conveying the undersize products to a fine crushing and stirring process, and conveying the oversize products to a coarse crushing process.
The drum screen is GTS1550 type produced by Henan Sceneng Ming heavy industry machinery factory, the motor power is 11KW, the drum rotation speed is 17r/min, and the aperture of the screen is 60 mm.
(4) A rough breaking procedure: carrying out coarse crushing on the screened oversize products by using a crusher, and conveying the oversize products to a middle crushing process; after the process is broken, 90 percent of the domestic garbage has the length and width less than 50mm multiplied by 120 mm.
The coarse crusher is SSI-M85E type crusher of SSI company in America. The rotating speed is 26 r/min; the crushing cutter thickness is 50 mm. The crushing capacity was 25T/H. The magnetic separator adopts the RCYD-8 super-strong T2 model of Shandong Weifang permanent-based magneto-mechanical Limited company, and the magnetic field intensity is more than or equal to 1200 Gauss.
(5) A middle breaking process: carrying out middle-level crushing on the household garbage coarsely crushed in the previous process by using a crusher, and conveying the household garbage to a fine crushing process; after the process is carried out, 90 percent of the domestic garbage has the length and width less than 30mm multiplied by 50 mm.
The medium crusher is SSI-M85E type crusher of SSI company in America. The rotating speed is 26 r/min; the crushing cutter thickness was 30 mm. The crushing capacity was 25T/H. The magnetic separator adopts RCYD-8 super-strong T1 model of Shandong Weifang permanent-based magneto-mechanical Limited company, and the magnetic field intensity is more than or equal to 900 gauss.
(6) Fine crushing: crushing the domestic garbage sent from the previous working procedure in a fine grade by using a crusher; after the process is carried out, 90 percent of the domestic garbage has the length and width less than 15mm multiplied by 10 mm.
The fine crusher is SSI-M70E type crusher of SSI company in America. The rotating speed is 26 r/min; the crushing cutter thickness was 15 mm. The crushing capacity was 20T/H.
(7) Finely breaking, stirring, and adding an additive 1: conveying the household garbage conveyed in the fine crushing procedure and the undersize products to a fine crushing stirrer together for fine crushing and stirring treatment; adding the additive 1 while performing fine crushing and stirring treatment, and uniformly mixing the additive 1 and the household garbage;
the additive 1 consists of quicklime, caustic soda and coal gangue, and the domestic garbage, the quicklime (CaO), the caustic soda (NaOH) and the coal gangue are added in a weight ratio of 1: 0.05-0.10: 0.10-0.15: 0.15-0.20;
the fine crushing stirrer adopts a JJC250 type machine which is an independently researched and developed fine crushing, stirring and drying integrated machine, the rotating speed is 27r/min, the crushing capacity is 10T/H, and two machines are adopted to work in parallel; after the fine crushing of the working procedure, the length and the width of 90 percent of the domestic garbage are less than 5mm multiplied by 5 mm.
(8) First modification and drying: stacking the finely broken household garbage in an open pond for first modification, burying a pipeline in the material pile, introducing gasification waste heat, controlling the modification temperature to be below 100 ℃ to ensure that cellulose mainly undergoes an alkalization reaction but not a hydrolysis reaction, dehumidifying by adopting dehumidifying equipment, and delivering wet air into an alkaline solution pond for filtering and then discharging into the air.
The weight of each pile of domestic garbage is 2-200 tons, and the stacking time is 1-3 days. The specific time requirement is determined by the water content in the domestic garbage, the external environment temperature and the humidity. Separately stacking the garbage mixture which is finely broken and stirred every day, and allowing the garbage mixture to fully react. The heat of reaction causes the internal temperature of the mixture to rise rapidly. If stirring and turning are carried out again, the moisture loss is faster.
(9) Finely breaking, stirring and adding additives 2: conveying the primarily modified household garbage to a fine crushing stirrer for secondary fine crushing and stirring treatment, and adding an additive 2 while performing the fine crushing and stirring treatment to uniformly mix and stir the additive 2 and the primarily modified household garbage;
the additive 2 is prepared from sodium chloroacetate and industrial alcohol (the concentration is about 50-70%), and the addition ratio is calculated according to the weight, wherein the first modified domestic garbage is sodium chloroacetate and alcohol =1: 0.005-0.03: 0.10-0.20. .
The process adopts an independently researched and developed JJC250 type machine of a fine crushing, stirring and drying integrated machine, the rotating speed is 27r/min, and the crushing capacity is 10T/H. Two parallel working are adopted.
(10) Fermentation modification and drying: stacking the domestic garbage uniformly stirred in the previous procedure in an open pond for secondary modification, burying a pipeline in the material pile, introducing gasification waste heat, dehumidifying by adopting dehumidifying equipment, and delivering wet air into an alkaline solution pond for filtering and then discharging the filtered wet air into the air.
(11) Preparing RDF and drying for the third time; the RDF with a fixed shape is prepared from the household garbage modified for the second time by utilizing a special fine crushing, drying and molding all-in-one machine (with the patent number of CN 201310457037.2) which is connected with a pipeline and introducing gasification waste heat.
Since the molding is performed by heating using the residual heat generated by the gasification, the derived fuel (RDF) after molding also has a high temperature. Therefore, the produced RDF needs to be conveyed to a storage or a gasification furnace through a closed conveying belt of about 20-50 m. In the conveying process of the closed conveying belt, gasification waste heat is used for generating hot air, and the formed derivative fuel is air-dried. Therefore, the primary garbage is air-dried for three times, the water loss is nearly 30-45%, and the water content of the derived fuel is reduced to be below 30-35%.
The process adopts an independently researched and developed JJC250 type machine of a fine crushing, stirring, drying and forming all-in-one machine, the rotating speed is 27r/min, the crushing capacity is 10T/H, and two machines are adopted to work in parallel.
(12) And (3) gasification: the gasification is carried out by a fixed bed gasification furnace, and the ratio of the height to the diameter of the gasification furnace is at least 10-15 times (the height is larger than the diameter). The gasification temperature must be controlled above 850 deg.C, and the temperature is higher than the temperature to effectively prevent the generation of toxic and harmful gases such as dioxin.
And the waste heat generated by gasification is divided into three paths to be respectively sent to the first modification and drying process, the second modification and drying process, the RDF preparation process and the third drying process, and the waste heat is fully utilized to dry the garbage.
The process adopts a fixed bed gasification furnace, which is produced by Shandong Zichai New energy Co Ltd, and has an inner diameter of 3 m and a height of 36 m. And the fuel consumption per hour is 3T/hour by adopting an updraft type air outlet mode.
(13) Cooling: and cooling the mixed gas in a double-vertical-pipe washing tower to ensure that the temperature of the outlet of the gasification furnace is not higher than 100 ℃. The gasified mixed gas contains a large amount of dust, and a part of heavy metals are adsorbed in the dust at the same time. The dust and the heavy metal attached to the dust are removed while the gas is cooled, and the heavy metal component in the gas is greatly reduced. The outlet temperature of the gasification furnace is not higher than 100 ℃ after cooling.
The process adopts a 1000-double vertical pipe washing tower produced by three kun industry limited company in Shijiazhuang economic technology development area. Garbage disposal capacity of 5000-7000 m3And the temperature of the garbage gas outlet is 50-80 ℃.
(14) Removing tar: collecting tar by an electric tar collecting device.
The procedure adopts a C-73 type electric coke catcher. Garbage disposal capacity of 5000-7000 m3The working temperature is 30-70 ℃, and the coke capturing efficiency is more than 98%. The collected tar can be recycled.
(15) Chlorine and sulfur removal: introducing the mixed gas into a NaOH solution pool with the concentration of 5% -10%, so as to lead H in the mixed gas to be2S、SO2、NOXAnd the residual chlorine gas reacts with NaOH to eliminate sulfur, chlorine, nitrogen and the like in the mixed gas.
And introducing the mixed gas into the NaOH solution tank through air draft equipment, and adding NaOH tablets when the solution concentration in the solution tank is reduced.
(16) Hydrogen extraction: the pressure swing adsorption process is adopted to extract and purify hydrogen (or extract and purify CO gas according to the requirement).
The pressure swing adsorption complete equipment produced by Shanxi Taiyuan Huataowei engineering equipment limited company is adopted to extract the hydrogen with the purity of 99 percent after the processes of desulfurization, gas compression, pressure swing adsorption decarburization, pressure swing adsorption hydrogen extraction and the like. About 500-700 NM hydrogen with 99% purity can be extracted from 1 ton of industrial garbage3The economic benefit is considerable.
(17) Generating electricity: a gas generator set is adopted to generate electricity. The method of using the heat exchanger by the waste heat generated by the power generation is used for the previous process requiring heat. Tail gas passing through Ca (OH)2And filtering the solution in the solution pool and then discharging.
The method adopts 8300D/M-2 type 500KW series biomass gas generator sets produced by 3 Zibo Zizichai new energy limited companies to carry out grid-connected power generation.
Claims (2)
1. The household garbage treating process includes the steps of breaking bag, magnetic separation, sieving, coarse crushing, medium crushing and fine crushing, and features that: finely crushing and stirring are also carried out after fine crushing, and the additive 1 is added; first modification and drying; finely breaking, stirring and adding an additive 2; fermentation modification and drying; preparing RDF and drying for the third time; gasifying; cooling; removing tar; removing chlorine and sulfur; extracting hydrogen; a step of generating electricity;
finely breaking and stirring, and adding an additive 1: conveying the household garbage conveyed in the fine crushing procedure and the undersize products to a fine crushing stirrer together for fine crushing and stirring treatment; adding the additive 1 while performing fine crushing and stirring treatment, and uniformly mixing the additive 1 and the household garbage;
the additive 1 comprises quicklime, caustic soda and coal gangue, and the addition ratio of domestic garbage to quicklime to caustic soda to coal gangue is =1: 0.05-0.10: 0.10-0.15: 0.15-0.20 by weight;
the first modification and drying: stacking the finely broken household garbage in an open pond according to a pile for carrying out first modification, embedding a pipeline in the material pile, introducing gasification waste heat, controlling the modification temperature to be below 100 ℃, ensuring that cellulose mainly undergoes an alkalization reaction but not a hydrolysis reaction, dehumidifying by adopting dehumidifying equipment, and sending wet air into an alkaline solution pond for filtering and then discharging into the air;
finely breaking and stirring, and adding an additive 2: conveying the primarily modified household garbage to a fine crushing stirrer for secondary fine crushing and stirring treatment, and adding an additive 2 while performing the fine crushing and stirring treatment to uniformly mix and stir the additive 2 and the primarily modified household garbage;
the additive 2 is prepared from sodium chloroacetate and 50-70% of industrial alcohol in a weight ratio of sodium chloroacetate to alcohol =1: 0.005-0.03: 0.10-0.20;
and (3) fermentation modification and drying: the household garbage after being stirred uniformly in the previous procedure is piled in an open pond for fermentation modification, a pipeline is buried in the material pile, gasification waste heat is introduced, dehumidification is carried out by adopting dehumidification equipment, and wet air is sent into an alkaline liquid pond to be filtered and then is discharged into the air;
preparing RDF and drying for the third time: preparing the household garbage modified for the second time into RDF with a fixed shape by utilizing a special fine crushing, drying and molding integrated machine which is connected with a pipeline and introducing gasification waste heat;
and (3) gasification: a fixed bed gasification furnace is used for gasification, the ratio of the height to the diameter of the gasification furnace is at least 10-15 times, the gasification temperature is controlled to be above 850 ℃, and the generation of toxic and harmful gases such as dioxin and the like can be effectively prevented only by being higher than the temperature;
and cooling: cooling the mixed gas obtained after gasification in a double-vertical-pipe washing tower;
the tar removal: collecting tar through an electric tar collecting device;
the chlorine and sulfur removal: introducing the mixed gas into a NaOH solution pool with the concentration of 5-10%, and reacting H2S, SO2, NOX and residual chlorine in the mixed gas with NaOH to eliminate sulfur, chlorine and nitrogen in the mixed gas;
the hydrogen extraction: extracting and purifying hydrogen by adopting a pressure swing adsorption process;
the power generation is carried out by adopting a gas generator set, the method of using a heat exchanger by the waste heat generated by the power generation is used for the previous working procedure needing heat, and the tail gas is treated by Ca (OH)2And filtering the solution in the solution pool and then discharging.
2. The method for treating domestic waste according to claim 1, wherein: and the waste heat generated by gasification is divided into three paths to be respectively sent to the first modification and drying process, the fermentation modification and drying process, the RDF preparation process and the third drying process, and the waste heat is fully utilized to dry the garbage.
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| JP2001280845A (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-10-10 | Okawara Mfg Co Ltd | Condensation removing/preventing system and method for municipal waste drying facility |
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