CN111264708A - Method for preparing cattle and sheep captive breeding complete pellet feed by utilizing bagasse powder - Google Patents
Method for preparing cattle and sheep captive breeding complete pellet feed by utilizing bagasse powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN111264708A CN111264708A CN202010252989.0A CN202010252989A CN111264708A CN 111264708 A CN111264708 A CN 111264708A CN 202010252989 A CN202010252989 A CN 202010252989A CN 111264708 A CN111264708 A CN 111264708A
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- sheep
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- bagasse
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- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004258 Ethoxyquin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- DECIPOUIJURFOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxyquin Chemical compound N1C(C)(C)C=C(C)C2=CC(OCC)=CC=C21 DECIPOUIJURFOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940093500 ethoxyquin Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019285 ethoxyquin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OBMBUODDCOAJQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-4-phenylquinoline Chemical compound C=12C=CC=CC2=NC(Cl)=CC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 OBMBUODDCOAJQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium hydrogenphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- 235000019700 dicalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012245 magnesium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 210000004767 rumen Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000002510 pyrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 4
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000282849 Ruminantia Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037308 hair color Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009304 pastoral farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
- A23K50/15—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants containing substances which are metabolically converted to proteins, e.g. ammonium salts or urea
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/22—Compounds of alkali metals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
A method for preparing cattle and sheep captive complete pellet feed by utilizing bagasse powder comprises the following steps: (1) pretreatment of bagasse powder: adding 0-5% of water into 1-10% of urea to fully dissolve the urea, then spraying the urea into bagasse powder, uniformly stirring, bagging or cellaring, and slightly compressing but not compacting; (2) adding 5-50% of corn, 0-25% of soybean meal, 2-50% of pretreated bagasse powder, 10-50% of auxiliary materials and 1-10% of premix according to the mass percentage ratio, and uniformly mixing; (3) granulating the mixture of step (2); (4) after being prepared into granules, the granules are dried at low temperature for a short time, cooled and sieved by a vibration grading sieve to obtain the finished product of cattle and sheep captive breeding complete pellet feed. The granulated feed for the captive breeding of the cattle and sheep is produced by utilizing the bagasse powder, so that the problem of the feed for the large-scale captive breeding of the cattle and sheep is solved, the convenience of mechanical feeding is realized, the labor cost is saved, and the breeding benefit of the cattle and sheep is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of resources of sugar manufacturing enterprises and animal feed processing, in particular to a method for preparing cattle and sheep captive breeding complete pellet feed by using bagasse powder.
Background
The bagasse powder is a waste produced in the production process of sugar manufacturing enterprises, and comprises 42-46% of moisture, 87% of neutral detergent fiber, 67% of acid detergent fiber and 12-15% of lignin. According to statistics, the bagasse powder can not be reasonably utilized after being produced by 312 ten thousand tons every year, most of the bagasse powder is burnt, or the bagasse powder is discarded in the field, so that the resource waste and the environmental pollution are caused greatly.
The traditional cattle and sheep breeding mode is that natural grassland or artificial grassland is used for grazing and breeding, with the continuous increase of the breeding quantity of cattle and sheep, limited grassland resources cannot meet the increasing market demand, the livestock carrying capacity is continuously increased, the ecosystem of the grassland is enabled to light red light, people have to seek a reasonable captive breeding mode, particularly in the south, the connected grassland is few, a breeding mode suitable for the south needs to be sought after the development of the herbivory and livestock husbandry, namely captive breeding, and corresponding feed needs to be available for captive breeding.
In order to find the feed for captive breeding of cattle and sheep, the applicant invented 'a complete pellet feed for captive breeding of goats' and 'a complete pellet feed for captive breeding of sugarcane tailed-leaf goats' in 2013, and the pellet feed is already popularized and applied. In order to fully excavate raw materials of cattle and sheep feed, the utilization of bagasse and bagasse powder is researched.
The bagasse powder is obtained by screening bagasse produced by pressing sugarcane in sugar mill production, and the coarse bagasse is generally called bagasse and sold to a paper mill for papermaking; the fine bagasse powder is called bagasse powder, and is usually pushed to a boiler for incineration, otherwise, the bagasse powder is discarded to pollute the environment.
Theoretically, most substances in bagasse and bagasse powder can be utilized by ruminants, and only 12-15% of lignin cannot be digested and utilized, but in practice, the bagasse and bagasse powder are poor in palatability when being directly fed to cattle and sheep, and due to the fact that cellulose and lignin are stable in structure and difficult to digest, the digestion utilization rate is low, and the produced seasonal quality is strong, and the stable supply of goods in the year can not be guaranteed; at present, a great deal of research only stays in manual operation in a laboratory, and large-scale mechanized factory production cannot be carried out, so that the research cannot be reasonably utilized all the time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing cattle and sheep captive breeding complete pellet feed by utilizing bagasse powder.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the aim is as follows: a complete pellet feed for captive breeding of cattle and sheep prepared from bagasse powder comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 5-50% of corn, 0-25% of soybean meal, 2-50% of bagasse powder, 10-50% of auxiliary materials and 1-10% of premix, wherein the sum of the content percentages of the components is 100%, and the main raw material used in the invention is white in powder shape, soft and not sticky, and has the green fragrance of sugarcane; the water content is 42-46%, the neutral detergent fiber content in dry matter is 87%, the acid detergent fiber content in dry matter is 67%, and the lignin content in dry matter is 12-15%.
The method for preparing the cattle and sheep captive breeding complete pellet feed by utilizing the bagasse powder comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment and storage of bagasse powder
Adding 0-5% of water into 1-10% of urea to fully dissolve the urea, then spraying the urea into bagasse and bagasse powder, uniformly stirring, bagging or cellaring, slightly compacting but not compacting, and allowing ammonia gas to fully contact with the raw materials in gaps, breaking the connecting bonds between cellulose and lignin, softening the raw materials and increasing the palatability; the raw material is easily decomposed and utilized by rumen microorganisms after entering rumen; meanwhile, the ammonia gas can inhibit the growth of mixed bacteria, and the storage time can be prolonged to more than 1 year; the raw materials can be supplied constantly and all the year round;
(2) premixing 2-50% of the pretreated bagasse powder and 10-50% of auxiliary materials by using a TMR (total mixed model) stirrer, then adding 5-50% of corn, 0-25% of soybean meal and 1-10% of premix, uniformly mixing, and then preparing into particles; if the bagasse needs to be crushed, the bagasse can be added into a double-shaft paddle type stirrer or a spiral-ribbon type stirrer to be uniformly mixed with other raw materials in the formula, and then the mixture is prepared into particles;
(3) after being granulated, the feed is dried at low temperature for a short time, then enters a counter-flow cooling tower for cooling, and is sieved out powder through a vibration grading sieve, so that the finished product cattle and sheep captive breeding complete pellet feed is obtained.
The auxiliary materials are wheat bran, wheat straw, peanut vine, palm meal, corn bran and/or combination thereof. The feed is a pellet feed formula which meets the requirements of energy, protein, crude fiber, fat, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, copper, iron, zinc, manganese, iodine, selenium, cobalt and various vitamins for captive breeding of cattle and sheep according to the nutritional requirements of the cattle and sheep at various stages, ensures normal growth and reproduction under the condition of not feeding grass, and can also realize mechanical feeding.
The preparation method of the cattle and sheep captive breeding complete pellet feed by utilizing the bagasse powder comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment and storage of bagasse powder
After 1-10% of urea, 0-5% of water and 0.1-5% of sodium sulfite are fully dissolved, the mixture is sprayed on bagasse and bagasse powder, the mixture is uniformly stirred, bagged or cellaring is carried out, and the mixture is slightly compacted but cannot be compacted, so that ammonia can be fully contacted with the raw materials in gaps, the connecting bond of cellulose and lignin is damaged by the aid of the ammonia gas in a synergistic manner, the raw materials are softened, and palatability is improved;
(2) premixing 2-50% of the pretreated bagasse powder and 10-50% of auxiliary materials by using a TMR (total mixed model) stirrer, then adding 5-50% of corn, 0-25% of soybean meal and 1-10% of premix, uniformly mixing, and then preparing into particles;
(3) after being granulated, the feed is dried at low temperature for a short time, then enters a counter-flow cooling tower for cooling, and is sieved out powder through a vibration grading sieve, so that the finished product cattle and sheep captive breeding complete pellet feed is obtained. Because the temperature reaches about 90 ℃ in the granulating process, the product can be dried only by adding a small amount of pyrogen.
The premix is at least two of calcium carbonate, calcium hydrophosphate, sodium chloride, magnesium oxide, baking soda, mutton sheep compound premix, mildew preventive, ethoxyquin and corn flour.
The premix is prepared by uniformly mixing at a ratio of 1% of calcium carbonate, 0.5% of calcium hydrophosphate, 1% of sodium chloride, 0.1% of magnesium oxide, 1% of baking soda, 1% of mutton sheep compound premix, 1% of mildew preventive, 0.03% of ethoxyquin and 4.37% of corn flour by mass percentage.
The pellet feed prepared by the method for preparing the complete pellet feed for captive breeding of cattle and sheep by utilizing the bagasse powder is applied to captive breeding of cattle and goats.
Except for other descriptions, the percentages are mass percentages, and the sum of the content percentages of all the components is 100%.
The bagasse powder produced by the sugar refinery must be processed within 24 hours, otherwise, the quality is affected by the pollution of mixed bacteria and the heat generated by fermentation.
The difference of the invention from the conventional feed production process is that:
1. the pretreatment bagasse or bagasse powder and auxiliary materials are premixed by a TMR mixer, if the bagasse is crushed by a crusher, the crushed bagasse or bagasse powder is added into a double-shaft paddle type mixer to be uniformly mixed with other raw materials in the formula;
because the moisture content of the pretreated bagasse or bagasse powder is 40-45%, especially when the addition proportion is large, the moisture content of a finished product is often higher, the product is dried at low temperature for a short time after being granulated, because the temperature reaches about 90 ℃ in the granulating process, the product can be dried only by adding a small amount of pyrogens, then the product enters a counter-flow cooling tower for cooling, and the powder is sieved out through a vibration grading sieve, so that the finished product is obtained.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the granulated feed for the captive breeding of the cattle and sheep is produced by utilizing the bagasse powder, so that the problem of the feed for the large-scale captive breeding of the cattle and sheep is solved, the convenience of mechanical feeding is realized, the labor cost is greatly saved, and the breeding benefit of the cattle and sheep is improved.
2. The ammoniation technology of the coarse fodder is widely applied to the fields of ammoniation of straws, corn stalks and the like, but is not applied to bagasse and bagasse powder.
3. The problem that a sugar manufacturing enterprise generates a large amount of bagasse powder to burn and pollute the environment is also solved;
4. meanwhile, the comprehensive benefit of the sucrose industry can be improved, and the method has important significance for improving the international competitiveness of the sucrose industry.
5. The invention has been tested for large-scale mechanized industrialized production, and has achieved good effect through animal feeding test.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the following specific examples.
Example 1
The invention discloses an example of a method for preparing cattle and sheep captive complete pellet feed by using bagasse powder, which comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment and storage of bagasse powder
Adding 0-5% of water into 1-10% of urea to fully dissolve the urea, then spraying the urea into bagasse and bagasse powder, uniformly stirring, bagging or cellaring, slightly compacting but not compacting, so that ammonia gas can fully contact with the raw materials in gaps, breaking the connecting bonds of cellulose and lignin, softening the raw materials, increasing palatability, and enabling the raw materials to be easily decomposed and utilized by rumen microorganisms after entering rumens; meanwhile, the ammonia gas can inhibit the growth of mixed bacteria, and the storage time can be prolonged to more than 1 year; thus ensuring the constant supply of the raw materials all the year round.
(2) The formula of the granulated feed for fattening sheep comprises the following components: 20% of corn, 10% of bean pulp, 10% of bagasse powder, 50% of auxiliary material and 10% of premix, wherein the auxiliary material is wheat bran, wheat straw, peanut vine, palm meal or corn bran or a combination thereof. The ingredient is a pellet feed formula which meets the requirements of energy, protein, crude fiber, fat, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, copper, iron, zinc, manganese, iodine, selenium, cobalt and various vitamins for captive breeding of fattening sheep according to the nutritional requirements of cattle and sheep at various stages, ensures normal growth and reproduction under the condition of not feeding grass, and can also realize mechanical feeding.
(3) Pre-mixing the pretreated bagasse or bagasse powder and auxiliary materials by using a TMR (total mixed model) stirrer, and if the bagasse powder is pulverized, directly adding the pulverized bagasse or bagasse powder into a double-shaft paddle-type stirrer to be uniformly mixed with other raw materials in the formula, and then preparing the mixture into particles; if the bagasse needs to be crushed, the bagasse can be added into a stirrer to be mixed with other raw materials.
(4) After the granules are prepared, the granules are dried at low temperature for a short time, because the temperature reaches about 90 ℃ in the granulating process, the products can be dried only by adding a small amount of pyrogens, then the products enter a counter-flow cooling tower for cooling, and powder is sieved out through a vibration grading sieve, so that finished products are obtained.
Example 2
Another example of the method for preparing a complete pellet feed for captive breeding of cattle and sheep using bagasse powder according to the present invention is the same as example 1 except that the pretreatment and storage of the bagasse powder in step (1) are different from those in example 1.
(1) Pretreatment and storage of bagasse powder
After being fully dissolved by 1-10% of urea, 0-5% of water and 0.1-5% of sodium sulfite, the urea is sprayed on bagasse and bagasse powder, the mixture is uniformly stirred and bagged or cellaring the bagasse powder, and the mixture is slightly compressed but cannot be compacted, so that ammonia gas can be fully contacted with the raw materials in gaps, and the ammonia gas and the sodium sulfite synergistically damage the connecting bonds of cellulose and lignin, and the raw materials are softened, the palatability is improved, and the raw materials are easily decomposed and utilized by rumen microorganisms after entering rumens; meanwhile, the ammonia gas can inhibit the growth of mixed bacteria, and the storage time can be prolonged to more than 1 year; thus ensuring the constant supply of the raw materials all the year round. On the basis of an ammoniation method, food-grade sodium sulfite is added to act on a connecting bond of cellulose and lignin in a synergistic manner with ammonia gas, so that the cellulose and the lignin are dissociated more, and the utilization rate is higher;
(2) the formula of the granulated feed for fattening cattle is as follows: 50% of corn, 15% of soybean meal, 10% of bagasse powder, 15% of auxiliary material and 10% of premix, wherein the auxiliary material is wheat bran, wheat straw, peanut vine, palm meal or corn bran or a combination thereof. The ingredient is a pellet feed formula which meets the requirements of energy, protein, crude fiber, fat, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, copper, iron, zinc, manganese, iodine, selenium, cobalt and various vitamins for captive breeding of fattening cattle according to the nutritional requirements of growing cattle, ensures normal growth under the condition of not feeding grass and can also be fed mechanically.
(3) Pre-mixing the pretreated bagasse or bagasse powder and auxiliary materials by using a TMR (total mixed model) stirrer, and if the bagasse powder is pulverized, directly adding the pulverized bagasse or bagasse powder into a double-shaft paddle-type stirrer to be uniformly mixed with other raw materials in the formula, and then preparing the mixture into particles; if the bagasse needs to be crushed, the bagasse can be added into a stirrer to be mixed with other raw materials.
(4) After the granules are prepared, the granules are dried at low temperature for a short time, because the temperature reaches about 90 ℃ in the granulating process, the products can be dried only by adding a small amount of pyrogens, then the products enter a counter-flow cooling tower for cooling, and powder is sieved out through a vibration grading sieve, so that finished products are obtained.
Example 3
In another embodiment of the method for preparing the complete pellet feed for captive breeding of cattle and sheep by using the bagasse powder, the embodiment is a pellet feed formula for growing cattle, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment and storage of bagasse powder
Adding 0-5% of water into 1-10% of urea to fully dissolve the urea, then spraying the urea into bagasse and bagasse powder, uniformly stirring, bagging or cellaring, slightly compacting but not compacting, so that ammonia gas can fully contact with the raw materials in gaps, breaking the connecting bonds of cellulose and lignin, softening the raw materials, increasing palatability, and enabling the raw materials to be easily decomposed and utilized by rumen microorganisms after entering rumens; meanwhile, the ammonia gas can inhibit the growth of mixed bacteria, and the storage time can be prolonged to more than 1 year; thus ensuring the constant supply of the raw materials all the year round.
(2) The formula of the granulated feed for growing cattle is as follows: corn 5%, bean pulp 15%, bagasse powder 30%, auxiliary material 40%, premix 10%, the auxiliary material is wheat bran, wheat straw, peanut vine, palm meal or corn bran or combination thereof. The feed is a pellet feed formula which meets the requirements of energy, protein, crude fiber, fat, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, copper, iron, zinc, manganese, iodine, selenium, cobalt and various vitamins for captive breeding of cattle and sheep according to the nutritional requirements of growing cattle, ensures normal growth under the condition of not feeding grass and can also mechanically feed.
(3) Pre-mixing the pretreated bagasse or bagasse powder and auxiliary materials by using a TMR (total mixed model) stirrer, and if the bagasse powder is pulverized, directly adding the pulverized bagasse or bagasse powder into a double-shaft paddle-type stirrer to be uniformly mixed with other raw materials in the formula, and then preparing the mixture into particles; if the bagasse needs to be crushed, the bagasse can be added into a stirrer to be mixed with other raw materials.
(4) After the granules are prepared, the granules are dried at low temperature for a short time, because the temperature reaches about 90 ℃ in the granulating process, the products can be dried only by adding a small amount of pyrogens, then the products enter a counter-flow cooling tower for cooling, and powder is sieved out through a vibration grading sieve, so that finished products are obtained.
Example 4
The embodiment is a test example of the goat breeding of the pellet feed prepared by the method for preparing the cattle and sheep captive breeding complete pellet feed by using the bagasse powder, and the test example comprises the following steps:
1) 10 Nubian goats of the same size are selected and are independently raised in a stall, the amount of the product fed is gradually increased, the grass feeding amount is reduced, the grass is not fed after 15 days, and the product is completely fed and freely drunk.
2) The initial weight at day 16 and the final weight at day 24 were obtained, and the results are shown in Table 1
TABLE 1 goat breeding test results in Guangxi Eublysei certain farming Limited company
| 12/4/2019 | 6.5.2019 | ||
| Sheep horn | First weighing (jin) | Second weighing (jin) | Weight gain in 24 days (jin) |
| 3989 | 56 | 66.9 | 10.9 |
| 1 | 42 | 48.4 | 6.4 |
| 2 | 52 | 60.1 | 8.1 |
| No ear horn | 52 | 60 | 8 |
| 3 | 40 | 48.5 | 8.5 |
| 3937 | 55 | 64.6 | 9.6 |
| 3988 | 45 | 54.8 | 9.8 |
| 3933 | 54 | 62.5 | 8.5 |
| 3970 | 49 | 52.1 | 3.1 |
| 4 | 48 | 52.6 | 4.6 |
| Total 10 heads | 493 | 570.5 | 77.5 |
| Average | 49.3 | 57.05 | 7.75 |
| Average daily gain | 0.322916667 |
The average 24 days of the test sheep grow 7.75 jin, and the average daily gain is 0.32 jin; the feed is 10.9 jin in 24 days with the fastest growth, the daily gain is 0.45 jin, and the feed is not fed with grass and is completely fed with pellet feed. The sheep had a full sleep and had free water. The wool color of the sheep is bright, the sheep can be shaken mentally, the excrement is well formed, and no odor exists; the product is feasible in actual production and has good effect.
Example 5
The embodiment is a test example of the granulated feed prepared by the method for preparing the cattle and sheep captive breeding complete granulated feed by using the bagasse powder in the Mashan black goat of a farming and animal husbandry company, Ltd, in Mashan county, Guangxi. The method comprises the following steps:
1) 20 Mashan black goats sheep with the same size are selected and are independently raised in a stall, the amount of the feed product is gradually increased, the feed amount is reduced, the feed is not carried out after 15 days, and the feed product is completely fed with free drinking water.
2) The initial weight at day 16 and the final weight at day 45 were obtained, and the results are shown in Table 2
TABLE 2 test results of Mashan Black goat of agriculture and animal husbandry Co., Ltd, Mashan county, Guangxi
The result of the experiment of the Mashan black goat of Yingtai farming limited company in Mashan county, Guangxi proves that the invention is successfully applied to the Mashan black goat, the average monthly weight of the test sheep is increased by 9.58 jin, the average daily weight of the test sheep is increased by 0.32 jin, and the hair color is bright and healthy. The sheep is not required to be mowed and put away, so that the labor force is greatly saved.
Example 6
The embodiment is a test example of a cattle farm in Duan county of a granulated feed prepared by the method for preparing the complete granulated feed for captive breeding of cattle and sheep by using the bagasse powder. The method comprises the following steps:
1) 3 bulls with similar sizes are selected and are independently tied and raised in a hurdle, the amount of the product fed is gradually increased, the grass feeding amount is reduced, grass is not fed after 15 days, and the product is completely fed and freely drunk.
2) The initial weight at day 16 and the final weight at day 45 were obtained, and the results are shown in Table 3
TABLE 3 test results in a certain cattle farm in Duan county
The results of tests in a cattle farm in Duan county show that: the invention is feasible to be applied to beef cattle, the cattle grow normally, and the average feed-meat ratio is 8.7: 1.
example 7
The embodiment is a test example of a cattle farm in Guangxi Wuxuan county by adopting the pellet feed prepared by the method for preparing the cattle and sheep captive breeding complete pellet feed by utilizing the bagasse powder. The method comprises the following steps:
1) selecting 4 bulls with similar sizes (the variety is shown in Table 4), separately culturing in a pen house, gradually increasing the amount of the product fed, reducing the amount of grass fed, feeding a small amount of grass after 15 days, feeding the product according to 2% of the weight of the bulls, and freely drinking water.
2) The initial weight at day 16 and the final weight at day 45 were obtained, and the results are shown in Table 4
TABLE 4 test results in a certain cattle farm in Guangxi Wuxuan county
The test result of a certain cattle farm in Guangxi Wuxuan county shows that: the application of the invention on beef cattle is feasible, the cattle grow normally, and the average daily gain is 1.52 kg. The test cattle were healthy, and each cattle had an average of 31 yuan of profit per day.
Claims (7)
1. The preparation method of the cattle and sheep captive breeding complete pellet feed by utilizing the bagasse powder is characterized by comprising the following raw material components in percentage by mass: 5-50% of corn, 0-25% of soybean meal, 2-50% of bagasse powder, 10-50% of auxiliary material and 1-10% of premix, wherein the sum of the content percentages of the components is 100%,
the method for preparing the cattle and sheep captive breeding complete pellet feed by utilizing the bagasse powder comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment and storage of bagasse powder
Adding 0-5% of water into 1-10% of urea to fully dissolve the urea, then spraying the urea into bagasse and bagasse powder, uniformly stirring, bagging or cellaring, slightly compacting but not compacting, and allowing ammonia gas to fully contact with the raw materials in gaps, breaking the connecting bonds between cellulose and lignin, softening the raw materials and increasing the palatability;
(2) premixing 2-50% of the pretreated bagasse powder and 10-50% of auxiliary materials by using a TMR (total mixed model) stirrer, then adding 5-50% of corn, 0-25% of soybean meal and 1-10% of premix, uniformly mixing, and then preparing into particles;
(3) after being granulated, the feed is dried at low temperature for a short time, then enters a counter-flow cooling tower for cooling, and is sieved out powder through a vibration grading sieve, so that the finished product cattle and sheep captive breeding complete pellet feed is obtained.
2. The preparation method of the complete pellet feed for captive breeding of cattle and sheep by using the bagasse powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the auxiliary materials are wheat bran, wheat straw, peanut vine, palm meal, corn bran and/or combinations thereof.
3. The preparation method of the complete pellet feed for captive breeding of cattle and sheep by using the bagasse powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the main raw material bagasse powder is white in nature, soft and not sticky, and has the green flavor of sugarcane; the water content is 42-46%, the neutral detergent fiber content in dry matter is 87%, the acid detergent fiber content in dry matter is 67%, and the lignin content in dry matter is 12-15%.
4. The method for preparing the complete pellet feed for captive breeding of cattle and sheep by using the bagasse powder as claimed in claim 1, comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreatment and storage of bagasse powder
After 1-10% of urea, 0-5% of water and 0.1-5% of sodium sulfite are fully dissolved, the mixture is sprayed on bagasse and bagasse powder, the mixture is uniformly stirred, bagged or cellaring is carried out, and the mixture is slightly compacted but cannot be compacted, so that ammonia can be fully contacted with the raw materials in gaps, the connecting bond of cellulose and lignin is damaged by the aid of the ammonia gas in a synergistic manner, the raw materials are softened, and palatability is improved;
(2) premixing 2-50% of the pretreated bagasse powder and 10-50% of auxiliary materials by using a TMR (total mixed model) stirrer, then adding 5-50% of corn, 0-25% of soybean meal and 1-10% of premix, uniformly mixing, and then preparing into particles;
(3) after being granulated, the feed is dried at low temperature for a short time, then enters a counter-flow cooling tower for cooling, and is sieved out powder through a vibration grading sieve, so that the finished product cattle and sheep captive breeding complete pellet feed is obtained.
5. The preparation method of the complete pellet feed for cattle and sheep captivity by using the bagasse powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the premix comprises at least two of calcium carbonate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, magnesium oxide, sodium bicarbonate, mutton sheep compound premix, mildew preventive, ethoxyquin and corn flour.
6. The preparation method of the complete pellet feed for cattle and sheep captive breeding by using the bagasse powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the premix is uniformly mixed in a ratio of at least two of calcium carbonate 1%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.5%, sodium chloride 1%, magnesium oxide 0.1%, baking soda 1%, mutton sheep compound premix 1%, mildew preventive 1%, ethoxyquin 0.03% and corn flour 4.37% by mass.
7. The use of the granulated feed prepared by the method for preparing the complete granulated feed for the captive breeding of cattle and sheep by utilizing the bagasse powder as claimed in any one of claims 1 and 2 in the captive breeding of cattle and goats.
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